WO2006022604A1 - Golf course irrigation water monitoring and treatment system - Google Patents
Golf course irrigation water monitoring and treatment system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006022604A1 WO2006022604A1 PCT/US2003/014896 US0314896W WO2006022604A1 WO 2006022604 A1 WO2006022604 A1 WO 2006022604A1 US 0314896 W US0314896 W US 0314896W WO 2006022604 A1 WO2006022604 A1 WO 2006022604A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- water quality
- per liter
- reclaimed water
- deviation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B57/00—Golfing accessories
- A63B57/50—Golfing accessories specially adapted for course maintenance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
- C02F2209/055—Hardness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/07—Alkalinity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/15—N03-N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/20—Total organic carbon [TOC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/29—Chlorine compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/18—Removal of treatment agents after treatment
- C02F2303/185—The treatment agent being halogen or a halogenated compound
Definitions
- the present invention relates to irrigation of man-made landscaped
- agricultural areas such as parklands, playing fields, farmland for
- invention is a process for monitoring and treating reclaimed water to use
- microorganisms reduce the perchlorate, thereby decontaminating the
- An oxidizable substrate serves as an electron donor to the
- the invention results in safe to undetectable levels of
- the system comprising (1) a reaction chamber
- broadband radiator for generating radiant energy with wavelengths
- the broadband radiator disposed
- At least a portion of the radiant energy is
- pulsed node such as between about 1 and 500 pulses per
- the broadband radiator generates
- the resultant dosage rate of broadband radiation is between 1 joule/cm2.
- the radiant energy is produced by at least one
- gas filled flashlamp having a gas plasma temperature of between about
- the porous membrane has pores which have a region wherein
- the meniscus of the liquid varies from the molecular diameter if water to
- bed photocatalyst coated particles is also provided.
- pesticides, fungicides or fertilizers can be injected into a gray water
- the system comprising (1) a reaction chamber
- broadband radiator for generating radiant energy with wavelengths
- the broadband radiator disposed within
- portion of the radiant energy is generated in a pulsed mood, such as
- the broadband radiator generates radiant energy at a rate of between
- broadband radiation is between 1 joule/cm 2 and about 5000 joules/cm 2 .
- the radiant energy is produced by at least one
- gas filled flashlamp having a gas plasma temperature of between 9,500°
- United States Patent number 5,975,800 relates to a method for
- treatment zone are situated within the subsurface medium and have
- an in situ treatment process such as a process employing air sparging
- the method does not require
- the system disclosed includes a bioreactor
- wastewater effluents provides pre-treatment clog-reducing wastewater
- a wastewater treatment system having a flow intake, a pre ⁇
- the constructed wetland includes one or more treatment cells having a
- a further substrate media accommodating the wastewater to be treated.
- the substrate cap is populated by natural plants having root systems
- wetland includes a treated water discharge conduit for discharging the
- United States Patent number 5,863,433 relates to the design
- oxidation including dye-stuffs, detergents, phenols, cyanides and the
- chlorine-containing oxidizing agents are formed and at least partially
- the desideratum is a uniformly blended mixture of
- the present invention is a process for the irrigation of man-made
- reclaimed water is subjected to a plurality of monitors for testing to
- analyzers referred to as analyzers, and the two terms are used herein
- test results or analyzer results are inputted to a
- Feedback is also provided to enable a maintenance
- the reclaimed water is then passed through a dechlorination
- the dechlorination system is for treating the reclaimed water with a
- dechlorination agent to maintain a level of residual chlorine below a
- the oxidation system is for treating the reclaimed water with an
- the oxidizing system is used to destroy undesirable organics
- the resulting treated reclaimed water is next used to irrigate a golf
- the predetermined acceptable ranges are set in accordance with safe
- these characteristic parameters are set within the
- the data may be logged and stored to create an historical base and the
- the process includes at least one
- the process predetermined
- the process includes initiating an alarm
- the alarm(s) would signal in response to deviations for TOC
- the alarm system may include direct contact
- the process is one wherein the oxidation system is ozone
- nitrate monitor is included and preferably, the predetermined acceptable
- ranges for nitrate are set within the range of 0 to 100 milligrams per liter
- FIG. 3 illustrates the required and optional features of the
- the present invention relates to irrigation of golf course areas to
- plantlife are more efficiently irrigated with reclaimed or recycled water.
- Such reclaimed water is sewage wastewater which has been treated or
- -21- come from a natural water source, such as a stream, river or other water
- hardness may either cause or be indicative of components, which cause
- the process involves the use of monitors, a
- the residual chlorine monitor (analyzer) could be two
- (CDHS) 13 has three primary objectives: (a) it collects and stores data
- piping 3 is connected to dechlorination system 17 and oxidation
- the adjusted (treated) reclaimed water is then sent to a conventional
- golf course irrigation system 21 such as automatic sprinklers, etc.
- alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be
- FIG. 2 shows another present invention system with more options
- optional holding pond 31 for storage is also shown downstream from the
- the reclaimed, monitored and treated, as needed water is
- NTU NTU
- chlorine and total chlorine content range of 0 to 5 mg per liter.
- soluble sodium range of 0 to 10,000 ppm.
- the system includes post treatment ponding and a conventional
- the water is simply fed to the holding pond as
- the computer may increase treatment
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is a process for irrigation of a golf course including monitoring reclaimed water, and treating it when necessary to avoid harmful effects on plant life. The reclaimed water is tested with monitors (5, 7, 9, 11, 23, 25, 27, 29) for parameters including total organic compounds, pH, hardness, alkalinity, conductivity, residual chlorine and sodium. Results are fed to a computerized data handling system (13) for storage and analysis. Alarms (15) are set off and/or treatment occurs when deviations occur. Treatment includes a dechloriantion system (17) and an oxidation system (19).
Description
GOLF COURSE IRRIGATION WATER MONITORING AND
TREATMENT SYSTEM (Attorney Docket No. MKR-102PCT)
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to irrigation of man-made landscaped
and/or agricultural areas, such as parklands, playing fields, farmland for
produce or flowers, and especially for golf courses. It is particularly
useful for these areas when using reclaimed water. More specifically, the
invention is a process for monitoring and treating reclaimed water to use
reclaimed water efficiently and without harmful effects from undesirable
constituents for the aforesaid irrigation purposes. It includes monitoring
numerous water quality characteristics and when predetermined
acceptable parameter ranges see deviations, signaling alarms and/or
treating the undesirable condition with dechlorination. It also includes an
oxidation system for continuous or continual operation.
2. Information Disclosure Statement
-2-
The following patents are representative of the state of the art with
respect to various teachings relating to water treatment:
United States patent number 6,214,607 describes a new method of
treating water to remove perchlorate contaminant is disclosed. Water is
fed through a filter bed containing perchlorate-reducing microorganisms.
The microorganisms reduce the perchlorate, thereby decontaminating the
water. An oxidizable substrate serves as an electron donor to the
microorganisms. The invention results in safe to undetectable levels of
perchlorate in the treated water.
United States Patent number 6,200,466 describes a reactor system for
decontamination of water by photolytic oxidation utilizing near
blackbody radiation, the system comprising (1) a reaction chamber
defining an internal space with an inlet and an outlet; and (2) a
broadband radiator for generating radiant energy with wavelengths
between about 150 nm and about 3um, the broadband radiator disposed
within the reaction chamber, such that a sufficient dosage of broadband
-3-
radiation irradiates the contaminants and/or the oxidant within the
internal space of the reaction chamber thereby causing photolytic
oxidation of the contaminants by direct action of the radiation on the
contaminants to break chemical bonds by sustaining a free radical chain
reaction of oxidizing components, thus breaking down the contaminants
by way of atomic abstraction of the components of the contaminants. In
preferred embodiments, at least a portion of the radiant energy is
generated in a pulsed node, such as between about 1 and 500 pulses per
second. In preferred embodiments, the broadband radiator generates
radiant energy at a rate of between about 1 kW and about 10 MN., and
the resultant dosage rate of broadband radiation is between 1 joule/cm2.
In preferred embodiments, the radiant energy is produced by at least one
gas filled flashlamp having a gas plasma temperature of between about
9,500 K and about 20,000 K.
United States Patent number 6,136,186 describes a method and
apparatus for mineralizing organic contaminants in water or air provides
-4-
photochemical oxidation in a two-phase boundary system formed in the
pores of a TiO2 membrane in a photocatalytic reactor. In the three-phase
system, gaseous (liquid) oxidant, liquid (gaseous) contaminant, and solid
semiconductor photocatalyst meet and engage in an efficient oxidation
reaction, The porous membrane has pores which have a region wherein
the meniscus of the liquid varies from the molecular diameter if water to
the of a capillary tube resulting in a diffusing layer that is several orders
of magnitude smaller than the closest known reactors. The photocatalytic
reactor operates effectively at temperature and low pressures. A packed-
bed photocatalyst coated particles is also provided.
United States Patent number 6,132,138 describes a gray water
recycling invention that utilizes filtered gray water for maintaining
constant moisture levels in building foundations and for other irrigation
uses. It allows for the mixture of pesticides with a gray water stream
injected under a building in order to treat for insects. Additionally,
pesticides, fungicides or fertilizers can be injected into a gray water
-5-
stream prior to its application in landscape irrigating. This invention has
application in single residence and fill development real estate settings.
United States Patent number 6,117,335 describes a reactor system for
decontamination of water by photolytic oxidation utilizing near
blackbody radiation, the system comprising (1) a reaction chamber
defining an internal space with an inlet and an outlet; and (2) a
broadband radiator for generating radiant energy with wavelengths
between 150 nm and about 3 μm, the broadband radiator disposed within
the reaction chamber, such that a sufficient dosage of broadband
radiation irradiates the contaminants and/or the oxidant within the
internal space of the reaction chamber thereby causing photolytic
oxidation of the contaminants by way of atomic abstraction of the
components of the contaminants. In preferred embodiments, at least a
portion of the radiant energy is generated in a pulsed mood, such as
between 1 and about 500 pulses per second. In preferred embodiments,
the broadband radiator generates radiant energy at a rate of between
-6-
about 1 kW and about 10 MW., and the resultant dosage rate of
broadband radiation is between 1 joule/cm2 and about 5000 joules/cm2.
In preferred embodiments, the radiant energy is produced by at least one
gas filled flashlamp having a gas plasma temperature of between 9,500°
K. and about 20,0000 K.
United States Patent number 5,975,800 relates to a method for
treating groundwater in situ in rock or soil. An elongate permeable
upgradient zone and an elongate permeable downgradient zone, each in
hydraulic communication with a permeable subsurface treatment zone
and having a major axis parallel to a non-zero component of the general
flow direction, are provided in the subsurface by any of a number of
construction methods. The upgradient zone, downgradient zone, and
treatment zone are situated within the subsurface medium and have
permeabilities substantially greater than the adjacent subsurface
medium's permeability. Groundwater is allowed to move from the
subsurface medium adjacent to the upgradient zone into the upgradient
-7-
zone, where the groundwater refracts and moves to a treatment zone by
an in situ treatment process, such as a process employing air sparging,
sorption or reaction with zero-valent iron, the groundwater moves into,
through and out of the downgradient zone into the subsurface medium
adjacent to the downgradient zone. The method does not require
pumping. A method for directing groundwater around a particular
location to prevent contamination of the groundwater by a contaminant
located at the particular location, to prevent migration of a contaminant
located at a particular location, to reduce the flow velocity of
groundwater in the particular location, or to increase the residence time
in an in situ treatment center located downgradient from the particular
location is also disclosed.
United States Patent number 5,958,241 describes a method and a
system for the treatment of organic hazardous wastes from plant waste
and associated wastewater treatment processes, whereby the waste is
either introduced directly, or continuously separated from wastewater,
-8-
and routed to a bioreactor, and whereby no organic solids are generated
for further offsite disposal. The system disclosed includes a bioreactor,
containing selected bacteria, untreated sludges, and recirculated biomass,
and a liquid/solid separator allowing water to be utilized elsewhere in the
system and returning solids to the bioreactor. The biodegradation
process, initiated continuously, converts hazardous organic constituents
in waste stream and wastewater sludges from plant operations to inert
materials, for extensive periods of operation, without the need for solids
removal, external solids treatment or disposal.
United States Patent number 5,893,975 treats a variety of flowing
wastewater effluents, provides pre-treatment clog-reducing wastewater
sludge disintegration, and adds pretreatment nutrients to wastewater so
as to enhance microbial growth therein for improving the effectiveness
and efficiency of wastewater treatment. The constructed wetland
includes a wastewater treatment system having a flow intake, a pre¬
treatment nutrient addition chamber, and a wastewater flow divider. The
-9-
flow divider further has a compressed air aerator in the bottom thereof.
The constructed wetland includes one or more treatment cells having a
soil, fine stone, organic and/or synthetic material substrate cap covering
a further substrate media accommodating the wastewater to be treated.
The substrate cap is populated by natural plants having root systems
extend from the substrate downward into the wastewater being treated,
and the roots serve to physically and/or biologically mediate the removal
of undesirable components from the wastewater. The constructed
wetland includes a treated water discharge conduit for discharging the
flowing water into a desired after treatment water utilization modality,
such as to discharge to the ground or to a body of water.
United States Patent number 5,863,433 relates to the design and
operation of paired subsurface flow constructed wetlands in which
significant improvements in wastewater treatment are possible. These
improvements are brought about by coupling paired subsurface flow
wetlands and using reciprocation, whereby adjacent cells are sequentially
-10-
and recurrently drained and filled using either gravity, mechanical
pumps, U-tube air-lifts and/or a combination thereof. This fill and drain
technique turns the entire wetland area into a biological reactor,
complete with anoxic, anaerobic environments. The frequency, depth
and duration of the fill and drain cycle can be adjusted to control redox
conditions for specific biologically mediated reactions including, but not
limited to, nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, and
methanogenesis. Emissions of noxious gases such as hydrogen sulfide
and methane can be minimized. Furthermore, by allowing cells to fill to
above the level of the substrate by approximately 2 to 4 inches on the fill
cycle, it is possible to enhance algae photosynthesis, increase pH, and
facilitate photo-oxidative reactions.
United States Patent number 5,792,336 describes a two stages
electrocatalytic method for oxidative-purification of wastewater from
soluble substances, such as toxic chemical admixtures difficult of
oxidation, including dye-stuffs, detergents, phenols, cyanides and the
-11-
like, which stages inactivate the soluble substances present in the
wastewater in a synergistic fashion and, therefore, are highly efficient,
the method comprising the steps of (a) in a first stage, electrochemically
treating the wastewater in the presence of chlorine ions, such that
chlorine-containing oxidizing agents are formed and at least partially
oxidize the soluble substances in the wastewater; and (b) in a second
stage, catalytically treating the first stage treated wastewater in presence
of a non-chlorine oxidizing agent and an added catalyst, such that
remains of the soluble substances are further oxidized, and such that the
chlorine(-containing oxidizing agents formed during the first stage are
catalytically reduced; wherein, the first stage and the second stage act
synergistically to purify the wastewater from the soluble substances.
United States Patent No. 4,867,192 describes an automatically
controlled irrigation water pH amendment system and apparatus
associated with golf courses utilizing automatic irrigation system to
irrigate the various species of turf grasses used on fairways, tees, greens
-12-
and other areas; being adapted to receive an operator pre-selected
program of desired irrigation water pH value; to monitor the delivered
pH value of the irrigation water and automatically blend into the
irrigation water in the flow circuit between the discharge of the irrigation
pump station pumps and the pH monitoring point the proper amount of
chemical additive to amend-raise or lower-the pH of the delivered
irrigation water. The desideratum is a uniformly blended mixture of
liquid acid or base chemical with irrigation water to maintain a solution
of the water pH value desired by the operator to promote proper
agronomic practice in the maintenance of the turf grasses. This objective
has been found to be obtainable by causing the two liquids to be blended
in the proper ratios through the use of an acid tank, pH sensing probe,
sulfuric acid injector pumps, acid manifold, booster pump, flow velocity
measuring device, and a solid-state electrical programmable controller;
connected to the upstream and downstream ports of an ordinary pressure
-13-
sustaining valve or differential pressure orifice device as used in the
discharge line of a golf course pumping station.
Notwithstanding the prior art, the present invention is neither
taught nor rendered obvious thereby.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a process for the irrigation of man-made
landscaped areas, and especially golf course greenery, utilizing
reclaimed wastewater. In the process, a source or
supply of reclaimed water is procured which is selected from the group
consisting of treated sewage wastewater, untreated sewage wastewater
and natural water supply water containing sewage wastewater. The
reclaimed water is subjected to a plurality of monitors for testing to
obtain a plurality of test results for water quality characteristics,
including: (i) total organic carbon compounds; (ii) pH; (iii) residual
chlorine; (iv) chlorides; and (v) sodium. These monitors are sometimes
referred to as analyzers, and the two terms are used herein
-14-
interchangeably. The test results or analyzer results are inputted to a
computerized data handling system for data collection, storage and
analysis and for comparison to predetermined acceptable ranges for each
of the aforesaid water quality characteristics.
Feedback is provided to show any water quality characteristic
deviating from predetermined acceptable ranges that effect signaling
and/or treatment. Feedback is also provided to enable a maintenance
keeper or other grounds personnel or service to determine fertilization
requirements.
The reclaimed water is then passed through a dechlorination
system and an oxidation system (in any order).
The dechlorination system is for treating the reclaimed water with a
dechlorination agent to maintain a level of residual chlorine below a
predetermined maximum of a predetermined acceptable range, and is
activated in response to feedback from the computerized data handling
-15-
system when showing deviation from the predetermined acceptable
range for residual chlorine.
The oxidation system is for treating the reclaimed water with an
oxidizing agent to maintain a level of organic compounds below a
predetermined maximum of the predetermined acceptable range. In
essence, the oxidizing system is used to destroy undesirable organics,
including biological organisms, herbicides and pesticides. It is activated
on a continuous or continual basis and could be adjusted by appropriate
personnel in response to feedback from the computerized data handling
system when showing deviation from the predetermined acceptable
range for total organic carbon compounds. In preferred embodiments, it
is run on a continuous basis automatically.
The resulting treated reclaimed water is next used to irrigate a golf
course area, unless there is a deviation from one of the water quality
characteristics being monitored which causes an alarm to signal, in
-16-
which cause personnel will shut down the irrigation and take corrective
measures, such as by-pass, treat, hold or recycle.
The predetermined acceptable ranges are set in accordance with safe
use conditions prescribed or desired by the user. In some preferred
embodiments, these characteristic parameters are set within the
following ranges:
(i) for total organic carbon compounds, 0 milligrams per liter to
50 milligrams per liter;
(ii) for residual chlorine, 0 milligrams per liter to 1 milligrams
per liter;
(iii) for pH, 6 to 8;
(iv) for chloride compounds, 0 milligrams per liter to 70
milligrams per liter; and,
(v) for sodium, 0 milligrams per liter to 70 milligrams per
liter.
-17-
In some embodiments, the data obtained in the process of the
present invention by the computer from the monitors is utilized to
provide control and assessment of turf and plant fertilizer needs. Also,
the data may be logged and stored to create an historical base and the
data may be reviewed or presented to establish water quality trends.
In some preferred embodiments, the process includes at least one
additional monitor to obtain test results selected from the group
consisting of the following water quality characteristics:
(vi) hardness; (vii) turbidity; (viii) alkalinity; and (ix) conductivity.
In other preferred embodiments, all of these characteristics are
included.
In some preferred embodiments, the process predetermined
acceptable ranges for the following water quality characteristics are set
within the following ranges:
(vi) for hardness, 0 to 200 milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter ;
(vii) for turbidity, 0 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units ;
-18-
(viii) for alkalinity, 0 to 200 milligrams per liter total alkalinity; and
(ix) for conductivity, o to 4000 microSiemens per centimeter.
As mentioned, the process of the present invention computerized
data handling system provides feedback to show any water quality
characteristic deviation, and the process includes initiating an alarm
selected from the group consisting of audio alarms, visual alarms and
combinations thereof, when selected characteristic deviations occur.
Thus, the alarm(s) would signal in response to deviations for TOC,
pH, chloride compounds or sodium, and for hardness, alkalinity,
turbidity and conductivity when monitors are included for these
characteristics. For example, the alarm system may include direct contact
alarm signaling to a groundskeeper superintendent or other facility
manager.
hi the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, the
process is one wherein the dechlorination system is a vitamin C
dechlorination system wherein vitamin C agent is fed into the reclaimed
-19-
water in response to the computerized data handling system showing a
deviation from the predetermined acceptable range for residual chlorine.
Also, in the most preferred embodiment of the present
invention, the process is one wherein the oxidation system is ozone,
where in ozone is fed into the reclaimed water at the rate established by
the TOC output, hi this embodiment hydrogen peroxide is fed at the
ozone reactor to further promote oxidation.
In some embodiments of the present invention process, a
nitrate monitor is included and preferably, the predetermined acceptable
ranges for nitrate are set within the range of 0 to 100 milligrams per liter
nitrate as nitrogen.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention should be more fully understood when the
specification herein is taken in conjunction with the drawings appended
hereto wherein:
-20-
Figures 1 and 2 show schematic diagrams for two embodiments
of the present invention golf course irrigation system; and,
Figure 3 illustrates the required and optional features of the
computerized data handling system used in the present invention golf
course irrigation system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention relates to irrigation of golf course areas to
maintain greenery and plantlife. Fairways, greens and surrounding
plantlife are more efficiently irrigated with reclaimed or recycled water.
Otherwise, irrigation would be prohibitively expensive and would
involve inefficient use of precious potable water. Many country clubs
and public golf courses utilize reclaimed water to irrigate their facilities.
Such reclaimed water is sewage wastewater which has been treated or
untreated (as by negligence, accident or defiance of applicable laws and
ordinances) and may come from a municipal, county or other
government operated or privately operated treatment facility, or may
-21-
come from a natural water source, such as a stream, river or other water
source into which treated and/or untreated sewage wastewater has been
dumped. These reclaimed water sources provide essential irrigation
water, but sometimes contain undesirable, harmful components, such as
biologically harmful nematodes, pesticides, fungicides and other
organics, chlorine, excess nitrogen and excessive minerals. These and
other water quality characteristics, such as turbidity, pH, alkalinity and
hardness, may either cause or be indicative of components, which cause
harm and even death to vegetation such as grass and plants. For these
reasons, the present invention has been developed to both treat
undesirable reclaimed water constituents and/or set of alarm(s) to signal
to maintenance to shut down or correct problems before the reclaimed
water is used for irrigation. One critical feature of the present invention
is to collect data and to establish predetermined acceptable ranges of
water quality characteristics within which the reclaimed water must fall
or an alarm or treatment or both will occur. Another critical feature is the
-22-
automatic initiation and control of dechlorination and of oxidation in
response to residual chlorine and total organic carbon compound levels,
respectively, being outside of predetermined acceptable ranges. In the
present invention, the process involves the use of monitors, a
computerized data handling system, a dechlorination system and an
oxidation system.
Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a schematic representation
of one embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 1, reclaimed water
form any one or more of the sources mentioned above is piped into a golf
course facility via piping 3. A pH monitor 5, a total organic carbon
(TOC) monitor 7, a residual chlorine monitor 9 and a sodium monitor 11
are connected to piping 3 for testing/monitoring of those water quality
characteristics. The residual chlorine monitor (analyzer) could be two
different units or a single unit. However, chloride compound water
quality characteristic is used for a shutdown determination, whereas the
active chlorine water quality characteristic is used for an automatic
-23-
interactive treatment, i. e. dechlorination. The aforesaid monitors are
electronically connected to computer/data handling system 13 for input
thereto of monitor tests results from the reclaimed water stream of piping
3. Alternatively, these monitors (and others described below) could be
connected to a holding tank, a pond or other natural waterway or other
manmade holding facility, for testing. The details of the functionality of
the computer/data handling system 13 are set forth in conjunction with
Figure 3 below. In general, the computer/data handling system
(CDHS) 13 has three primary objectives: (a) it collects and stores data
and retains predetermined acceptable ranges (criteria) for the data and
compares the data to the criteria; (b) it sets off one or more alarms 15
when the pH, the residual chloride, TOC compounds or the sodium
readings (or other optional water quality characteristics readings
described below) deviate from predetermined criteria, i. e., set ranges,
such as, hypothetically, 0 to 2500 mg/1 or 5 to 7; and (c) it initiates
-24-
automatic treatment when the residual chlorine or the TOCs exceed
acceptable criteria.
Thus, piping 3 is connected to dechlorination system 17 and oxidation
system 19 for treatment at the desired times, i. e. as needed, when
determined by the computer/data handling system 13. The CDHS 13
receives the data from the monitors and when the TOC characteristic is
excessive, it initiates an increased feed in the oxidation system 19; when
the residual chlorine is excessive, it initiates the dechlorination system
19. The adjusted (treated) reclaimed water is then sent to a conventional
golf course irrigation system 21, such as automatic sprinklers, etc. As an
extra precaution, residual chlorine monitoring and pH monitoring are
also conducted post-dechlorination and post-oxidation to confirm that
levels remain within acceptable ranges after treatment. If these post-
treatment monitorings show unacceptable results, then adjustments may
be included in the programming, or alarms or shutdowns may be
-25-
proscribed, depending upon the facilities, system and risk management
of the user.
Figure 2 shows another present invention system with more options
and preferred details. Here items identical to those shown in Figure 1 are
identically numbered, and, to the extent that they are not further
described her, function as described here conjunction with Figure 1
above. In Figure 2, additional monitors have been included. These are
hardness monitor 23, alkalinity monitor 25, conductivity monitor 27 and
turbidity monitor 29. They are connected to the piping3 for reclaimed
water analysis and, when excessive are alarm initiation water quality
characteristics. All of these monitors, any one of these or any
combination of these could be included within the scope of the present
invent, and Figure 2 represents only one preferred embodiment.
In Figure 2, the dechlorination system is specified as Vitamin C
dechlorination, and this is clearly the preferred dechlorination agent. An
optional holding pond 31 for storage is also shown downstream from the
-26-
treatment stage, and upstream from the actual irrigation. In this
embodiment, the reclaimed, monitored and treated, as needed water is
stored until needed.
Referring to Figure 3, the diagram shows the details of the
computerized data handling system 51 , illustrating required functions 53
and optional functions 55.
EXAMPLE
The system of the present invention shown in Figure 2 with the
functions shown in Figure 3 is deployed at a privately owned golf course
utilizing ponded (lagooned) municipal wastewater and storm water
runoff for the reclaimed water. The municipal wastewater undergoes
primary and secondary sludge wastewater treatment before ponding.
The following monitors are included:
(1) TOC Monitor- an OptiQuant (TM of Hach Company) UV
Organic Analyzer, utilizes reagent free ultraviolet probe with
turbidity compensation, translates spectral absorbance coefficient
-27-
to three different organic values, chemical oxygen demand
(COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total organic
compounds (TOC). It is turned off and on in a timed sequence by
the CDHS, as are all monitors in this example.
(2) pH Monitor- EC 310 Model from Hach Company, measures full
range from ) 1 to 14.
(3) Hardness Monitor- SP 510 Harness Monitor from Hach
Company, measures hardness expressed as ppm, and as mg
calcium carbonate per liter.
(4) Alkalinity Monitor- APA Alkalinity Process Analyzer from Hach
Company, measures total alkalinity as ppm.
(5) Conductivity Monitor- Model 9782 Conductivity Analyzer from
Honeywell Company, measures micromhos and megohms per
cm.
-28-
(6) Turbidity Monitor- Model 1720D Turbidimeter from Hach
Company, measure turbidity in nephelometric turbidity units
(NTU), with a 0 to 100 range and 0.001 resolution.
(7) Chloride compound/active chlorine Monitor- Model CL 17
Chlorine Analyzer from Hach Company, measures free (active)
chlorine and total chlorine content, range of 0 to 5 mg per liter.
(8) Sodium Monitor- HACH Model 9073 Sodium Analyzer measures
soluble sodium, range of 0 to 10,000 ppm.
(9) Nitrate Monitor- APA 6000 Nitrate Analyzer measures soluble
nitrates a nitrogen in mg per liter, ppm and ppb.
The system includes post treatment ponding and a conventional
irrigation system. As the reclaimed monitor is piped into the system, all
of the monitors, either periodically or by preprogrammed schedule, or in
some cases, continuously monitor the system. As the reclaimed water
passes through with all water quality characteristics measuring within
predetermined ranges, the water is simply fed to the holding pond as
-29-
needed. When the residual chlorine exceeds the desired range, the
dechlorination system is initiated and will run until the readings fall
within the acceptable range. As a precaution, post treatment readings are
also taken and, if unfavorable, the computer may increase treatment,
signal an alarm, shutdown the flow or some combination thereof.
Likewise, when the TOC exceeds its acceptable range, the oxidation
system feed rate will be adjusted to increase dosage until the TOC
readings fall back into the acceptable range. When any one or more of
the other monitored water quality characteristics exceed their acceptable
ranges, either an alarm will signal and/or a shutdown will occur. The
system results in the avoidance of harmful factors being entered into the
irrigation system and damaged and/or destroyed plantlife is eliminated.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore
understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention
may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
-30-
Claims
1. A process for irrigation of man-made landscaped areas, which
comprises:
(a) procuring a supply of reclaimed water selected from the group
consisting of treated sewage wastewater, untreated sewage wastewater
and natural water supply water containing sewage wastewater;
(b) subjecting said reclaimed water to a plurality monitors and testing
said reclaimed water with said plurality of monitors to obtain a plurality
of test results for water quality characteristics, including:
(i) total organic carbon compounds;
(ϋ) PH;
(iii) active chlorine;
(iv) chlorides; and,
(v) sodium;
(c) inputting said test results to a computerized data handling system for
data collection, storage and analysis for comparison to predetermined
-31- acceptable ranges for each of said water quality characteristics, and
providing feedback to show any water quality characteristic
deviating from said acceptable ranges;
(d) providing a dechlorination system to said reclaimed water for treating
said reclaimed water with a dechlorination agent to maintain a level of
residual chlorine below a predetermined maximum of said predetermined
acceptable range, and activating said dechlorination system in response
to feedback from said computerized data handling system when showing
deviation from said predetermined acceptable range for residual
chlorine;
(e) providing an oxidation system to said reclaimed water for treating
said reclaimed water with an oxidizing agent to maintain a level of total
organic compounds below a predetermined maximum of said
predetermined acceptable range, and controlling said oxidation system in
response to feedback from said computerized data handling system when
-32- showing deviation from said predetermined acceptable range for total
organic compounds; and
(f) irrigating a man-made landscaped area with reclaimed water which
has been processed in accordance with the preceding steps.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said plurality of monitors includes at
least one additional monitor to obtain test results selected from the group
consisting of the following water quality characteristics:
(a) hardness;
(b) turbidity;
(c) alkalinity; and
(d) conductivity.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said plurality of monitors includes
additional monitors to obtain test results for the following water quality
characteristics:
-33- (e) hardness;
(f) turbidity; ,
(g) alkalinity; and
(h) conductivity.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said providing feedback to show any
water quality characteristic deviation includes initiating an alarm
selected from the group consisting of audio alarms, visual alarms and
combinations thereof.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein said alarm is initiated in response to
feedback showing any deviation from water quality characteristics
selected from the group consisting of pH, chloride compounds and
sodium.
-34-
6. The process of claim 2 wherein said providing feedback to show any
water quality characteristic deviation includes initiating an alarm
selected from the group consisting of audio alarms, visual alarms and
combinations thereof.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein said alarm is initiated in response to
feedback showing any deviation from water quality characteristics
selected from the group consisting of pH, chloride compounds, sodium,
hardness, turbidity, alkalinity and conductivity.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said dechlorination system is a
vitamin C dechlorination system wherein vitamin C is fed into said
reclaimed water in response to said computerized data handling system
showing a deviation from said predetermined acceptable range for active
chlorine.
9. A process for irrigation of a golf course, which comprises:
-35- (a) procuring a supply of reclaimed water selected from the group
consisting of treated sewage wastewater, untreated sewage wastewater
and natural water supply water containing sewage wastewater;
(b) subjecting said reclaimed water to a plurality monitors and testing
said reclaimed water with said plurality of monitors to obtain a plurality
of test results for water quality characteristics, including:
(i) total organic carbon compounds;
(ϋ) PH;
(iii) active chlorine;
(iv) chlorides; and,
(v) sodium;
(c) inputting said test results to a computerized data handling system for
data collection, storage and analysis for comparison to predetermined
acceptable ranges for each of said water quality characteristics, and
providing feedback to show any water quality characteristic
deviating from said acceptable ranges;
-36- (d) providing a dechlorination system to said reclaimed water for treating
said reclaimed water with a dechlorination agent to maintain a level of
active chlorine below a predetermined maximum of said predetermined
acceptable range, and activating said dechlorination system in response
to feedback from said computerized data handling system when showing
deviation from said predetermined acceptable range for active chlorine;
(e) providing an oxidation system to said reclaimed water for treating
said reclaimed water with an oxidizing agent to maintain a level of total
organic compounds below a predetermined maximum of said
predetermined acceptable range and to destroy biological hazards, and
controlling said oxidation system in response to feedback from said
computerized data handling system when showing deviation from said
predetermined acceptable range for total organic compounds; and
(f) irrigating a golf course area with reclaimed water which has been
processed in accordance with the preceding steps;
-37- wherein said predetermined acceptable ranges are set within the
following ranges:
(i) for total organic carbon compounds, 0 milligrams per liter to
50 milligrams per liter;
(ii) for residual chlorine, 0 milligrams per liter to 1 milligrams
per liter;
(iii) for pH, 6 to 8;
(iv) for chloride compounds, 0 milligrams per liter to 70
milligrams per liter; and,
(v) for sodium, 0 milligrams per liter to 70 milligrams per
liter.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein said plurality of monitors includes
at least one additional monitor to obtain test results selected from the
group consisting of the following water quality characteristics:
(vi) hardness;
(vii) turbidity;
-38- (viii) alkalinity; and
(ix) conductivity.
11. The process of claim 9 wherein said plurality of monitors includes
additional monitors to obtain test results for the following water quality
characteristics:
(j) hardness;
(k) turbidity;
(1) alkalinity; and
(m) conductivity.
12. The process of claim 9 wherein said providing feedback to show
any water quality characteristic deviation includes initiating an alarm
selected from the group consisting of audio alarms, visual alarms and
combinations thereof.
-39-
13. The process of claim 12 wherein said alarm is initiated in response
to feedback showing any deviation from water quality characteristics
selected from the group consisting of pH, chloride compounds and
sodium.
14. The process of claim 10 wherein said providing feedback to show
any water quality characteristic deviation includes initiating an alarm
selected from the group consisting of audio alarms, visual alarms and
combinations thereof.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein said alarm is initiated in response
to feedback showing any deviation from water quality characteristics
selected from the group consisting of pH, chloride compounds, sodium,
hardness, turbidity, alkalinity and conductivity.
-40-
16. The process of claim 9 wherein said dechlorination system is a
vitamin C dechlorination system wherein vitamin C is fed into said
reclaimed water in response to said computerized data handling system
showing a deviation from said predetermined acceptable range for active
chlorine.
17. The process of claim 10 wherein said predetermined acceptable
ranges for the following water quality characteristics are set within the
following ranges:
(vi) for hardness, 0 to 200 milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter ;
(vii) for turbidity, 0 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units ;
(viii) for alkalinity, 0 to 200 milligrams per liter total alkalinity; and
(ix) for conductivity, o to 4000 microSiemens per centimeter.
-41-
18. The process of claim 11 wherein said predetermined acceptable
ranges for the following water quality characteristics are set within the
following ranges:
(vi) for hardness, 0 to 200 milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter ;
(vii) for turbidity, 0 to 10 nephelometric turbidity units ;
(viii) for alkalinity, 0 to 200 milligrams per liter total alkalinity; and
(ix) for conductivity, o to 4000 microSiemens per centimeter.
19. The process of claim 9 wherein said plurality of monitors includes a
nitrate monitor.
20. The process of claim 19 wherein predetermined acceptable ranges
for nitrate are set within the range of 0 to 100 milligrams per liter nitrate
as nitrogen.
-42-
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2003/014896 WO2006022604A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Golf course irrigation water monitoring and treatment system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2003/014896 WO2006022604A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Golf course irrigation water monitoring and treatment system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006022604A1 true WO2006022604A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
Family
ID=35967729
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/US2003/014896 WO2006022604A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Golf course irrigation water monitoring and treatment system |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5589068A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1996-12-31 | I. Kruger Systems A/S | Method of controlling waste water purification plants using multiple control functions |
US5774633A (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1998-06-30 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Supporting neural network method for process operation |
US6224778B1 (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 2001-05-01 | Charles T. Peltzer | Method for manufacturing a system for mixing fluids |
-
2003
- 2003-05-07 WO PCT/US2003/014896 patent/WO2006022604A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5774633A (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1998-06-30 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Supporting neural network method for process operation |
US5589068A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1996-12-31 | I. Kruger Systems A/S | Method of controlling waste water purification plants using multiple control functions |
US6224778B1 (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 2001-05-01 | Charles T. Peltzer | Method for manufacturing a system for mixing fluids |
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