WO2006016907A2 - Photoactionneurs a base de composites de nanotubes de carbone/nafion - Google Patents

Photoactionneurs a base de composites de nanotubes de carbone/nafion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006016907A2
WO2006016907A2 PCT/US2005/013606 US2005013606W WO2006016907A2 WO 2006016907 A2 WO2006016907 A2 WO 2006016907A2 US 2005013606 W US2005013606 W US 2005013606W WO 2006016907 A2 WO2006016907 A2 WO 2006016907A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nafion
layer
substrate
photo
actuator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/013606
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006016907A3 (fr
Inventor
Igor A. Levitsky
Peter T. Kanelos
William B. Euler
Original Assignee
The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations filed Critical The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations
Publication of WO2006016907A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006016907A2/fr
Publication of WO2006016907A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006016907A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
    • B81B3/0018—Structures acting upon the moving or flexible element for transforming energy into mechanical movement or vice versa, i.e. actuators, sensors, generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to direct conversion of light energy to mechanical energy at an unprecedented magnitude.
  • actuators have been electromechanical, in both micro- and nano-scale technologies. There have been a few semiconductor photoactuators. However, the magnitude of actuation is more than 1000 times smaller than reported here. Pure carbon nanotubes fibers also exhibit photoactuation but of a smaller magnitude.
  • Photomechanical actuators could replace electromechanical actuators in micro- and non-scale technologies resulting in smaller micro-machines due to the lack of wiring needed to provide physical displacement.
  • a photo-mechanical actuator based on a carbon nanotubes/Nafion bi-layer is the direct conversion of light energy to mechanical energy at an unprecedented magnitude.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a photo-mechanical actuating material composed of an organic composite and a method of forming such a structure.
  • FIGS. 1 is a schematic of a photoactuator
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic showing a bi-layer composite
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of photo-mechanical displacement
  • FIGS. 4 A and 4B are photographs of cantilever displacement, 4 A being prior to light stimulation and 4B with photo stimulation;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of the linearity of photo-mechanical actuation.
  • the invention includes a photoactuator based on a carbon nanotube-Nafion composite as shown at 10 in Figure 1.
  • the photoactuator consists of bilayer strip 12.
  • One layer is made of nafion 14, an ionomeric, perfluorinated polymer, that has a thickness of 25 to 200 microns.
  • the second layer 16 is composed of single walled carbon nanotubes with a thickness of 1 to 20 microns.
  • the layer of Nafion 14 includes single- walled carbon nanotubes and the ionomeric polymer Nafion.
  • the extent of actuation is wavelength dependent and parallels the absorption of the semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the maximum deflection of the actuator tip depends upon the light intensity and is approximately linear in light intensity. At the maximum light levels available in the NIR, the strains reaches 0.3-0.4% .
  • the mechanism of actuation appears to be based upon a photoconductivity effect at the nafion-nanotube interface.
  • the photocurrent was measured in a sample where the actuation was restricted.
  • the actuation is caused by the electrostatic forces.
  • the difference in this actuator is that the electric current is generated by light rather than by an external electric foiled. There is a direct conversion of light energy to mechanical energy at an unprecedented magnitude.
  • Carbon nanotubes are highly conjugated network of carbon atoms. They have extremely high surface area and unique conducting and electrical properties. They have superior physical properties (e.g. high Young's modulus and work density). Single-walled carbon nanotubes have been shown to exhibit actuation via the stretching and contracting of the conjugated carbon network. Single walled nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit electronic/physical properties such as band gap width, actuating efficiency, and expansion coefficient are dependent on their diameter, chirality, and bundle structure. The nanotubes used for this research had typical diameters of 0.8-1.1 nm, assorted chiralities and formed bundles of 50-100 nanotubes. The NIR absorption spectra shows peaks characteristic of the valence, conducting transition for semiconducting nanotubes. A semiconducting transition occurs between 1000-1600 nm.
  • Nafion is an ion-exchange polymer which has a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) backbone. It contains mobile cations (M+) that are ionically bound to the negatively charged functional groups (X-). They are hygroscopic, which means it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere.
  • Nafion is thought to have a polar /non-polar microphase separation.
  • the presence/absence of the hydrophilic clusters contributes to polymer chain contraction/extension.
  • a bi-layer composite 12 was fabricated by airbrushing a chloroform/single- walled carbon nanotubes suspension onto a heated 16 (approximately 50 0 C) Nafion substrate 14. Cantilevers (lmm x 13mm) were cut from the bi-layer composite to explore displacement due to photostimulation.
  • a graphite/Nafion bi-layer was fabricated as a control group of the photo ⁇ mechanical actuation experiments.
  • a cantilever was coated with a thin, conducting layer of gold (approximately 200nm thick) onto which electrical contacts 20, 22 were attached as shown in Figure 1.
  • the semi-transparent layer of gold 30 was sputtered onto the Nafion surface opposite the SWNT layer to measure photo-induced current.
  • Photo-mechanical actuation of the SWNT/Nafion cantilever was captured using a CCD camera mounted to an optical microscope and interfaced with a computer monitor.
  • Figure 4 A illustrates a cantilever displacement via photoactuation.
  • 4B is a cantilever prior to light stimulation with maximum displacement with photostimulation after 30 seconds.
  • Figure 5 shows the linearity of photo-mechanical actuation at lOOOnm (graph 24) and 1300 nm (graph 26).

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un matériau d'actionnement photomécanique qui est constitué d'un composite organique, et à un procédé permettant de produire une telle structure.
PCT/US2005/013606 2004-04-21 2005-04-21 Photoactionneurs a base de composites de nanotubes de carbone/nafion WO2006016907A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56419904P 2004-04-21 2004-04-21
US60/564,199 2004-04-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006016907A2 true WO2006016907A2 (fr) 2006-02-16
WO2006016907A3 WO2006016907A3 (fr) 2006-06-29

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WO (1) WO2006016907A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009101635A1 (fr) 2008-02-12 2009-08-20 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition à conductivité protonique améliorée
US20190226449A1 (en) * 2016-08-30 2019-07-25 Wobben Properties Gmbh Actuator device for a wind turbine, wind turbine and method of assembly
WO2019166648A1 (fr) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-06 Wobben Properties Gmbh Dispositif actionneur pour une éolienne, éolienne et procédé de montage

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6660680B1 (en) * 1997-02-24 2003-12-09 Superior Micropowders, Llc Electrocatalyst powders, methods for producing powders and devices fabricated from same

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6660680B1 (en) * 1997-02-24 2003-12-09 Superior Micropowders, Llc Electrocatalyst powders, methods for producing powders and devices fabricated from same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009101635A1 (fr) 2008-02-12 2009-08-20 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition à conductivité protonique améliorée
US20190226449A1 (en) * 2016-08-30 2019-07-25 Wobben Properties Gmbh Actuator device for a wind turbine, wind turbine and method of assembly
US10961980B2 (en) * 2016-08-30 2021-03-30 Wobben Properties Gmbh Actuator device for a wind turbine, wind turbine and method of assembly
WO2019166648A1 (fr) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-06 Wobben Properties Gmbh Dispositif actionneur pour une éolienne, éolienne et procédé de montage
CN111819359A (zh) * 2018-03-01 2020-10-23 乌本产权有限公司 用于风能设施的执行器装置、风能设施及安装方法
US11466662B2 (en) 2018-03-01 2022-10-11 Wobben Properties Gmbh Actuator device for a wind turbine, wind turbine and assembly method
CN111819359B (zh) * 2018-03-01 2023-06-13 乌本产权有限公司 用于风能设施的执行器装置、风能设施及安装方法

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Publication number Publication date
WO2006016907A3 (fr) 2006-06-29

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