WO2005106782A1 - Ic tag and dishonest taking prevention device using ic tag - Google Patents

Ic tag and dishonest taking prevention device using ic tag Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005106782A1
WO2005106782A1 PCT/JP2005/007860 JP2005007860W WO2005106782A1 WO 2005106782 A1 WO2005106782 A1 WO 2005106782A1 JP 2005007860 W JP2005007860 W JP 2005007860W WO 2005106782 A1 WO2005106782 A1 WO 2005106782A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tag
switch
tag according
sensor
communication
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2005/007860
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takashi Hasegawa
Isao Sakaguchi
Shousuke Matsuura
Masayuki Hosogi
Original Assignee
Ic Brains Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2004132420A external-priority patent/JP2005316628A/en
Priority claimed from JP2004137251A external-priority patent/JP2005321853A/en
Priority claimed from JP2004140829A external-priority patent/JP2005322119A/en
Priority claimed from JP2004324985A external-priority patent/JP2006134223A/en
Priority claimed from JP2004344726A external-priority patent/JP2006155237A/en
Application filed by Ic Brains Co., Ltd. filed Critical Ic Brains Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2005106782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005106782A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G06K19/07309Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
    • G06K19/07372Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by detecting tampering with the circuit
    • G06K19/07381Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by detecting tampering with the circuit with deactivation or otherwise incapacitation of at least a part of the circuit upon detected tampering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an IC tag with a replacement prevention function, an IC tag with a breakage detection function, an IC tag with a write-once function, an active IC tag with a variable transmission cycle, and an unauthorized removal prevention device using the IC tag.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-151459 discloses that when an IC tag is removed from an article, the connection between the IC and the antenna is destroyed to prevent the IC tag from being replaced. Suggested way to do it!
  • Patent Document 1 JP-A-2000-151459
  • the temperature inside the car varies depending on the outside air temperature, sunshine conditions, the frequency of opening and closing doors, and the like.
  • the vibration in the vehicle changes depending on road conditions and driving manner.
  • the IC tag used for temperature management receives electromagnetic waves with a reader Z writer's power more than an active tag with a built-in battery that becomes inoperable when the ambient temperature drops to, for example, -20 ° C or lower, and sets it as an operation power supply. Passive tags are preferred.
  • the recorded contents are taken out and checked after all the measurements are completed, so a time lag occurs, and during that time, the recorded contents can be falsified or forged.
  • the records can be tampered with after removal of the tag and before submission to the client.
  • the consumer can know the history information of the food using a reader or the like provided in the store, and can purchase the product with confidence.
  • Food history information is recorded individually by each trader at each stage such as production, distribution, and sale, but under the present circumstances, information recorded by a previous trader can be falsified by a later trader. For this reason, there is a risk that the store alters the information recorded by the producer, such as the raw materials and the expiration date, and sells the product.
  • an active tag that automatically transmits an ID can be attached to a person or a moving object, and performs gate control such as an electric lock and entrance / exit control that controls the opening / closing of an automatic door. Since the distance is long, there is no need to press the interrogator, and this is convenient when both hands are occupied by luggage.
  • the timing of detecting an ID is early, so even if a person or a moving object is far away, the gate opens at an early stage, making it difficult to ensure security.
  • an active tag emits an ID by itself, and therefore has a built-in battery to replace or charge the battery. I need.
  • the ID is transmitted at a pre-determined cycle, and shortening the transmission cycle increases battery consumption. Therefore, the normal transmission cycle is set to be considerably long, for example, 3 to 30 seconds. For this reason, the ID detection timing is delayed because the ID is not transmitted for a long time, and the gate may be opened even when a person or an animal comes closer.
  • an IC tag for wirelessly exchanging data with a reader / writer is added to a product, and a gate with an antenna is installed at the entrance of a warehouse or a store, so that the product can be sold in the distribution process leading to sales. It is possible to obtain inventory information and inventory information in real time to prevent unauthorized removal of products.
  • the IC tag communicates with the reader / writer using a long-wave band of 135 kHz or less, a short-wave band of 13.56 MHz, or a microwave band of 2.45 GHz, but if there is metal between the IC tag and the reader / writer, a magnetic field will occur. And radio waves are absorbed by metal, making it difficult to communicate in any band.
  • the magnetic field may diffract through a gap between the metals and may be able to communicate, but the communication distance is extremely short.
  • the current generated in the metal flows in the direction to cancel the magnetic field of the IC tag, so that the IC tag can hardly obtain an electromotive force.
  • the antenna is out of tune and communication is not possible.
  • 2.45GHz band radio waves like those used in microwave ovens, are well absorbed by water and do not pass through the human body.
  • the IC tag is covered with a metal such as an aluminum sheet or a hand, there is a problem that communication becomes impossible and the vehicle can easily pass through the gate.
  • the first problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in the conventional method, the IC and the antenna are separated, so that the IC tag cannot be read, and it is difficult to visually confirm the illegality.
  • the first invention has been made to enable reading of the removed IC tag and to facilitate visual inaccuracy recognition.
  • the second problem is that, in the case of the offline method in which the measurement results are recorded in the memory of the! -Tag and retrieved later, a time lag occurs, and during that time, the recorded contents can be falsified or forged.
  • the second invention is intended to make it difficult to remove a tag attached to an article or an inside of a car and prevent fraudulent acts such as falsification or fabrication of recorded contents. .
  • a third problem is that when an IC tag is used for traceability, information recorded in an earlier stage may be falsified in a later stage. It is intended to protect the recorded information from later tampering.
  • a fourth problem is that the gate control of the conventional active tag is difficult to perform at an appropriate timing, and the gate control becomes uncertain.
  • the fourth invention is an active tag that can reliably perform the gate control. It is intended to provide tags.
  • a fifth problem is that communication cannot be performed if the IC tag is covered with a metal or a hand.
  • the fifth invention detects a communication disturbance by a metal or a hand to prevent unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag. It was intended to do so.
  • the first invention is characterized in that a switch for breaking the circuit when a predetermined external force or more is applied to the data input circuit of the IC to insert a switch for interrupting the circuit, inputting the state of the switch, and the state of the input switch.
  • a switch for breaking the circuit when a predetermined external force or more is applied to the data input circuit of the IC to insert a switch for interrupting the circuit, inputting the state of the switch, and the state of the input switch.
  • the second invention is a transmitting means for transmitting an ID to the active tag at a fixed transmitting cycle, a receiving means for receiving the transmitted radio wave of the interrogator, and a measurement for measuring the received voltage of the received radio wave transmitted by the interrogator.
  • the most main feature of the present invention is to include means for changing the transmission cycle according to the measured reception voltage.
  • the third invention provides a first communication means for communicating between an antenna installed at the gate and an IC tag passing through the gate, a second communication means for communicating between antennas installed at the gate, and the first communication means. Switching means for switching to the second communication means when the communication means detects communication failure, and notification means for notifying an alarm when the second communication means detects communication failure after switching.
  • an AZD converter having an analog input terminal to be connected to the sensor is built in the IC, and a switch that is damaged when an external force exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the analog input terminal is connected, and the switch is damaged. In some cases, the most important feature is to disable input from the subsequent sensors.
  • the fifth invention is directed to a peelable label mounted on a surface base material of an inlet, a switch set to be broken when the label is peeled off, and a memory to which writing is prohibited when the switch is broken.
  • a switch that breaks when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied and disconnects the circuit is added to the IC to detect replacement, and thus replacement is detected without impairing the original function of the IC tag. become able to. Therefore, there is no trouble in reading the removed IC tag. Further, when the switch is broken, the ink liquid inside leaks out and adheres to the periphery of the switch, so that the replacement of the IC tag can be easily visually confirmed.
  • a switch that is damaged when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied is connected to an analog input terminal of the AZD converter to detect the removal of the tag, and when the removal is detected, an input from the sensor is performed. Therefore, it is impossible to illegally rewrite the recorded contents after removing the tag.
  • the removed tag cannot be moved to another location and recorded.
  • the switch when the label of the inlet is peeled, the switch is damaged, and when the switch is damaged, writing to the memory is prohibited. Therefore, the timing of write-once can be controlled by peeling the label. . Therefore, if the label is peeled off when the information is determined, the information recorded at that stage is surely protected.
  • the proximity of the active tag can be determined by the transmission period of the ID.
  • gate control can be performed at an appropriate timing.
  • the ID transmission cycle is shortened only when approaching the interrogator, the battery consumption of the active tag, which is often spent most of the time in a distant place, is not wasted.
  • communication between the antenna installed in the gate and the IC tag becomes impossible, communication is switched to communication between the antennas, so that communication disturbance by metal or hand can be reliably detected.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of an IC tag with a replacement prevention function according to the first invention.
  • the figure shows an example of an electromagnetic induction type IC tag that mainly uses the frequency band below 150 kHz or 13.56 MHz!
  • the IC tag with the anti-replacement function has a sheet shape, and an inlet 5 is formed by bonding an antenna coil 2 and a break switch 3 to an IC chip 1 on a substrate sheet 4 such as a PET film.
  • the breaking switch 3 has a structure in which when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied, the breaking switch 3 breaks and interrupts the circuit.
  • the inlet 5 is coated with an adhesive a on the periphery of the substrate sheet 4 and on the break switch 3 and is covered with a surface seal 6.
  • a release paper 7 that has been subjected to a release treatment is applied, thereby forming an IC tag.
  • the release paper 7 is peeled off, and the IC tag is attached to an article or the like.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are enlarged plan views and cross-sectional views of the break switch.
  • the rupture switch 3 is formed by forming a membrane 31 on the substrate 4 by using a thick film printing technique, and coating the membrane 31 with a knocking 32 of a fragile material to form a bag-like liquid storage layer 33. Fill with conductive ink liquid b.
  • Electrodes 34 are arranged at both ends of the liquid storage layer 33, and are connected to the IC chip 1 via the lead wires 35.
  • the width of the weakened line c is such that the width of the cut is increased regardless of the direction in which the line is pulled in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • a paint that absorbs the ink liquid b may be applied to the surface of the substrate 4, or a tape such as paper or cloth that absorbs the ink liquid b may be applied.
  • the breaking switch 3 may be energized by connecting both ends of the liquid storage layer 33 with conductive thin wires d which are easily cut.
  • the membrane 31 and the packing 32 may be formed of a metal foil such as aluminum and energized.
  • the breaking switch 3 is made of a thin wire d or a metal foil as described above, the ink liquid b in the liquid storage layer 33 does not need to be conductive and may be a normal one.
  • the liquid storage layer 33 may be omitted.
  • a thin wire d or a metal foil is directly connected to the lead wire 35.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of an IC tag embodying the first invention.
  • This IC tag has a configuration in which an antenna coil 2 is connected to an antenna connection portion of an IC chip 1 and a break switch 3 is connected to a data input portion of the IC chip 1.
  • the IC chip 1 is composed of a rectifier circuit 11, a demodulation circuit 12, a modulation circuit 13, and a clock circuit 14, which are connected to the antenna coil 2, an analog circuit section, and a digital circuit section including a CPU 15 and a memory 16.
  • the IC tag with the replacement prevention function is configured as described above.
  • the reader / writer 8 modulates the ID read signal and applies it to the antenna coil 9, an induced electromagnetic field is generated and the tag antenna antenna 2 , An induced voltage is generated.
  • the induced voltage is rectified by a rectifier circuit 11 to be used as an operation power supply, and a clock circuit 14 generates a clock for IC synchronization using the frequency.
  • the demodulation circuit 12 demodulates the read signal received from the reader / writer 8 while synchronizing with the clock. And the read ID is modulated by the modulation circuit 13 and transmitted from the antenna coil 2.
  • the CPU 15 performs the input processing of the break switch 3, adds the input switch state to the ID, and transmits the ID to the reader / writer 8. That is, an input command is executed for an IO port (not shown) between the CPU 15 and the break switch 3, the state of the break switch 3 at that time is read, and the read state is added to the ID and transmitted to the reader Z writer 8.
  • the IC tag with a replacement prevention function embodying the first invention has the above-described configuration.
  • an attempt is made to peel off the IC tag that is, an external force exceeding a predetermined level acts.
  • the film-shaped substrate 4 is pulled, and the cut width of the weakening line c inserted in the substrate 4 is increased.
  • the conductive ink liquid b leaks out and the ink liquid b diffuses and adheres to the surface of the substrate 4 around the break switch 3.
  • the break switch 3 When the conductive ink liquid b leaks out, the break switch 3 is turned off. Therefore, the state of the switch added when reading the ID is identified, and the reader Z writer 8 can also detect that the IC tag has been peeled off.
  • the break switch 3 is turned off by cutting the thin line d or the metal foil, and the reader Z writer is turned off. Peeling can be detected on the 8 side.
  • the circuit can detect an improper opening or closing of the door.
  • the IC tag with a breakage detection function according to the second invention has an antenna coil 2 and a break switch 3 on an IC chip 1 similarly to the IC tag with a replacement prevention function of the first invention.
  • a substrate 4 such as a PET film to form an inlet 5.
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an IC tag with a damage detection function embodying the second invention.
  • the IC tag with a damage detection function has a configuration in which an antenna coil 2 is connected to an antenna connection portion of an IC chip 1 and a break switch 3 is connected in series to a sensor input portion.
  • the IC chip 1 has an analog data transmission / reception unit including a rectifier circuit 11, a demodulation circuit 12, a modulation circuit 13, and a clock circuit 14 connected to the antenna coil 2, and a digital data transmission / reception unit including a CPU 15, a memory 16, and a ⁇ / ⁇ converter 7. It is composed of a data processing unit and an analog sensor input unit consisting of a sensor amplifier 18 and a sensor 19 sandwiching the breaking switch 3.
  • the sensor 19 includes a time sensor for measuring time using a resistance change or the like accompanying the progress of metal oxidation, a thermoelectromotive force of a thermocouple or a resistance of a platinum resistance thermometer or a thermistor temperature detector. Temperature sensor to measure temperature using resistance change, humidity sensor to measure humidity using resistance change and capacitance change of organic polymer material, resistance change of ceramic material, voltage change of piezoelectric ceramics And a vibration sensor that measures vibration using a change in resistance of a piezoresistive element, a change in capacitance of a displacement electrode, or a change in resistance of a material whose coupling structure is loosened due to vibration.
  • the time sensor changes the electrical resistance of iron, copper, aluminum, tin, etc. as it progresses.
  • the metal foil is left in an oxygen atmosphere of a certain concentration, and the electrical resistance of the metal foil is measured.
  • One that detects time can be considered.
  • the IC tag with a breakage detection function of the second invention is a break switch between the sensor amplifier 18 and the sensor 19. Since the switch 3 is inserted, when the inlet 5 is to be peeled off, the break switch 3 is broken, and the connection line between the sensor amplifier 18 and the sensor 19 is broken.
  • the reader Z writer 8 modulates a command signal, applies an AC voltage to the antenna coil 9, and transmits a command signal to the IC tag (step 101).
  • an induced electromagnetic field is generated, and an induced voltage is generated in the antenna coil 2 on the tag side.
  • the following operation is performed when a sufficient electric field strength is obtained and the induced voltage is stabilized each time the electric field is supplied from the outside at regular intervals.
  • the IC tag receives the command signal
  • the induced voltage is rectified by the rectifier circuit 11 to serve as an operation power source
  • the clock circuit 14 generates a clock for IC synchronization using the frequency (step 102).
  • the demodulation circuit 12 demodulates the command signal received from the reader / writer 8 while synchronizing with the clock (step 103).
  • the CPU 15 inputs the measured value of the sensor 19 converted into digital data by the AZD conversion 17 and amplified by the sensor amplifier 18 (step 104).
  • the measured value input by the CPU 15 is checked (step 105). If the measured value is at the full scale, the input operation is not performed and the processing is terminated without performing the input operation. As a result, since the history is not stored in the memory 16 in the subsequent steps 109 and 110, the history data thus far is frozen and stored. Therefore, it is impossible to illegally rewrite the recorded contents after removing the tag.
  • the CPU 15 reads the ID code from the memory 16 (step 106), and the modulation circuit 13 modulates the read ID code and the measurement value input in step 104, and outputs the ID code.
  • the measured value is added to the data and transmitted from the antenna coil 2 to the reader / writer 8 (step 107).
  • step 108 it is determined whether the measured value input by the CPU 15 is within the specified level. If the level is within the specified range, the measurement values input as normal data together with the clock data included in the command signal are stored in history in the memory 16 in chronological order (step 109).
  • the measured values input as abnormal data together with the clock data included in the command signal are stored in history in the memory 16 in chronological order (step 110).
  • the storage capacity of the history data can be reduced.
  • the measurement value of the sensor 19 is vibration data
  • a normal waveform pattern is set in advance, and the waveform pattern of the measured vibration data is always collated. If the waveform pattern does not match, the data is regarded as abnormal data.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show an internal plan view and a cross-sectional view of an IC tag with a write-once function embodying the third invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows an external plan view of the IC tag with the write-once function.
  • the figure shows an example of an electromagnetic induction type IC tag that mainly uses the frequency band below 150 kHz or 13.56 MHz!
  • an inlet 5 is formed by joining an antenna chip 2 and break switches 3 in a number corresponding to the number of channels to an IC chip 1 on a substrate 4 such as a PET film.
  • the figure shows an example of a three-channel IC tag! /, But any number of break switches 3 can be joined according to the number of channels.
  • the inlet 5 is coated with an adhesive a on the outer periphery of the upper surface of the substrate 4 and the top surface of the break switch 3 and is covered with a surface seal 6 on the upper surface. It is supported by the applied release paper 7.
  • the inlet 5 is peeled from the release paper 7 and attached to an article or the like.
  • the surface seal 6 forms a number of labels 61 corresponding to the break switches 3 by applying a punching force, and the break switches 3 are provided between the labels 61 and the substrate 4.
  • the breaking switch 3 has a structure that is broken when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied.
  • the bottom surface is fixed to the substrate 4 of the inlet 5, and the top surface is adhered to the back side of the label 61.
  • the breaking switch 3 that adheres the top surface to the back side of the label 61 is pulled upward and is reliably broken.
  • the breaking switch 3 is formed by forming a membrane 31 on the substrate 4 by using a thick film printing technique, and coating the membrane 31 with a packing 32 of a fragile material.
  • a liquid storage layer 33 is formed, into which the conductive ink liquid b is placed.
  • Electrodes 34 are arranged at both ends of the liquid storage layer 33, and are connected to the IC chip 1 via the lead wires 35.
  • the lead wire 35 connected to the IC chip 1 is disconnected.
  • the breaking switch 3 may be energized by connecting both ends of the liquid storage layer 33 with conductive thin wires.
  • the membrane 31 and the packing 32 may be formed of a metal foil such as aluminum and energized.
  • FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of an IC tag with a write-once function embodying the third invention.
  • the IC tag with the write-once function has a configuration in which the antenna coil 2 is connected to the antenna connection portion of the IC chip 1 and the break switch 3 is connected to the data input channel of the IC chip 1.
  • the IC chip 1 is composed of a rectifier circuit 11, a demodulation circuit 12, a modulation circuit 13, and a clock circuit 14, which are connected to the antenna coil 2, an analog circuit section, and a digital circuit section including a CPU 15 and a memory 16.
  • different banks of memory 16 are assigned to each data input channel on a one-to-one basis.
  • the memory 16 is managed in units of a bank having a certain capacity, and when an access request occurs, The target bank is selected, and a bank switch is performed to access only that bank.
  • the bank switch may be performed by either a hardware or software method.
  • the reader Z writer 8 modulates a command signal, applies an AC voltage to the antenna coil 9, and transmits a command signal to the IC tag (step 201).
  • an induced electromagnetic field is generated, and an induced voltage is generated in the antenna coil 2 on the tag side.
  • the following operations are performed each time a sufficient electric field strength is obtained and the induced voltage is stabilized each time an external force electric field is supplied.
  • the IC tag receives the command signal
  • the induced voltage is rectified by the rectifier circuit 11 to serve as an operation power supply
  • the clock circuit 14 generates a clock for IC synchronization using the frequency (step 202).
  • the demodulation circuit 12 demodulates the command signal received from the reader / writer 8 while synchronizing with the clock (step 203).
  • the CPU 15 analyzes the demodulated command signal (step 204).
  • the command signal is a write command
  • the CPU 15 enters a history data write operation, and when the command signal is a thalia command, enters a history data erase operation.
  • the CPU 15 selects a target data input channel, and performs input processing of the break switch 3 connected to the channel (step 205).
  • the input signal is checked (step 206). If the signal is high, it is determined that the label 61 has been peeled off and the writing operation is not performed, and the process is terminated.
  • the bank of the target memory 16 is selected, and the history data included in the command signal is written to the bank (step 207).
  • the response signal to which the ID code is added is modulated by the modulation circuit 13 and transmitted from the antenna coil 2 to the reader / writer 9 (step 208).
  • the CPU 15 selects the data input channels in order, and connects to all the channels. Then, input processing of the break switch 3 is performed (step 209).
  • the input signals are checked (step 210), and if all the input signals are at the high level, all the labels 61 are determined to have been peeled off and all the history data stored in the bank of the memory 16 is deleted (step 211). ).
  • the labels 61 are peeled off from the inlet 5 one by one at each stage of traceability. This prevents the writing of the corresponding address to the memory 16. This protects the history data at each stage of traceability, and this function makes it possible to control the write-once timing by peeling off the label 61. Become.
  • the write-once area of the memory 16 is made independent by a plurality of peeling detecting sections. This makes it possible to prevent the falsification of the history data at each stage of the traceability.
  • a memory 16 is provided with a rewritable area so that it can be used and used in a conventional manner.
  • the number of breakage detection units used by devising the adhesive and the wiring pattern of the label 61 can be controlled.
  • the first channel is placed on the outer periphery as a normal peel detection antenna, and the second and third channels are present, but the wiring is cut even if the label 61 is peeled.
  • a glue like this!
  • the memory 16 at the address corresponding to the second and third channels is rewritable.
  • each part of the label 61 having three channels is peelable.
  • FIG. 17 (c) shows that there is only one peelable part in the label 61 having three channels.
  • FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of a variable transmission cycle active type IC tag embodying the fourth invention.
  • the variable transmission cycle active type IC tag T is a receiver T2 connected to the receiving terminal of the antenna duplexer T1.
  • a frequency synthesizer ⁇ 3, a reception voltage measuring device ⁇ 4 It consists of.
  • the active period variable active type IC tag ⁇ ⁇ has the above configuration, and the receiver ⁇ 2 receives the probe radio wave transmitted by the reader ⁇ writer R via the antenna duplexer T1 and receives the probe radio wave by the variable frequency oscillator.
  • a local oscillation frequency obtained by electrically controlling a certain frequency synthesizer # 3 is synthesized to convert a probe radio wave into a predetermined frequency.
  • Different frequency channels are assigned to the probe radio for each reader / writer R, and when receiving, it is necessary to select the target reader / writer R frequency from among them. In this way, a plurality of reader / writers R are arranged at different gates so that the transmission cycle of the active IC tag can be individually controlled.
  • the reception voltage measuring device 4 measures the reception voltage of the probe radio wave and inputs the A / D converted reception voltage to the CPUT7.
  • the CPU T7 determines the ID transmission cycle in accordance with the received voltage, sets the time value of the determined transmission cycle, and starts the hardware or software timer T8.
  • the CPU T7 accesses the memory T9 at regular time intervals to read the ID, modulates the read ID with the modulator T5, and modulates the modulated ID with the transmitter T6 to control the antenna duplexer T1.
  • the frequency of the ID transmission radio wave is different from the frequency of the probe radio wave having a different frequency for each reader / writer R.
  • the reader / writer R can temporarily stop the probe radio wave and temporarily control the transmission cycle of the variable transmission cycle active type IC tag toward the gate.
  • the CPUT7 sets the time value set in advance in the timer # 8 and returns to the predetermined transmission cycle.
  • the reader / writer R verifies the validity of the received ID, and if OK, outputs a control signal for performing gate control and the like to the controller C.
  • a reference period for measuring the timing of rough gate control is prepared, and this is compared with the ID transmission period, and a control signal is output when they coincide.
  • the timing of the gate control can be made appropriate to ensure the gate control.
  • the active period IC tag T measures this reception voltage E and shortens the ID transmission period t in inverse proportion to the reception voltage E (set tl> t2> t3).
  • the ID transmission cycle t and the distance d are linearly proportional. Can be detected accurately. Therefore, the accuracy of the gate control is further improved.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a device for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag according to the fifth invention. Show.
  • the fraudulent take-out prevention device arranges transmission antennas S2, S3 and reception antennas S4, S5 facing each other, with one of the gates S1 as the transmission side and the other as the reception side, and connects the transmitter S6 and the receiver S7 respectively.
  • a lamp S8 for displaying an alarm is installed above the gate S1, and the transmitter S6, the receiver S7, and the lamp S8 are integrally connected.
  • the transmitting antenna S2 transmits an ID reading signal to the IC tag S10 attached to the article S9 passing through the gate S1, and the receiving antenna S4 receives a response signal from the IC tag S10.
  • the ID read signal and the response signal are modulated by different modulation methods such as the ASK modulation method and the response signal by the FSK modulation method, so that the ID read signal and the response signal can be easily distinguished.
  • Transmitting antenna S3 transmits a test signal for detecting communication disturbance due to metal, hand, and the like, and receiving antenna S5 receives the test signal transmitted from transmitting antenna S3.
  • the test signal uses a carrier frequency different from the ID read signal. For example, if the carrier frequency of the ID read signal is 13.56 MHz, a different 2.45 GHz band is used.
  • the frequency band to be used is divided into a plurality of frequency channels, and communication is performed by switching the frequency of the carrier wave in a time-division manner.
  • the band of the carrier frequency to be used is widened to avoid a communication failure caused by radio wave interference.
  • the transmitting antennas S2 and S3 and the receiving antennas S4 and S5 are loop coil antennas in the electromagnetic induction type using the 13.56 MHz band, and are printed on a flat plate in the microwave type using the 2.45 GHz band. Microstrip antenna.
  • Transmitter S6 and receiver S7 each include a built-in antenna switching circuit (not shown) to switch between transmitting antennas S2 and S3 and receiving antennas S4 and S5, and a built-in frequency synthesizer (not shown) to transmit a plurality of frequencies.
  • the transmission and reception frequencies divided into channels are combined, and the transmission and reception frequencies are switched at regular time intervals.
  • a synchronization signal is transmitted from the transmitter S6 to the receiver S7 to synchronize transmission / reception timing.
  • FIG. 21 shows a flowchart of a process for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag.
  • step 301 the transmitter S6 transmits an ID read signal at the carrier frequency f0 via the transmission antenna S2.
  • step 302 it is determined whether the receiver S7 has received a response signal from the IC tag S10 via the receiving antenna S4, and if so, the process returns to step 301 to transmit the ID read signal. repeat.
  • the transmitter S6 transmits the test signal in order through the transmitting antenna S3 at the carrier frequency fl to fn obtained by time division.
  • step 304 the receiver S7 determines whether or not the test signal has been received at all the carrier frequencies fl to fn via the receiving antenna S5, and if so, returns to step 301 and returns to step 301. The transmission of the read signal is repeated.
  • the lamp S8 is turned on to notify an alarm, and the processing is terminated.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of an IC tag with a replacement prevention function according to the first invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a break switch.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a break switch of a modification.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the IC tag with a replacement prevention function of the first invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view showing a broken state of a breaking switch.
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing a fracture state of a fracture switch of a modification.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an IC tag with a damage detection function according to the second invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of an IC tag with a damage detection function.
  • FIG. 11 is an internal plan view of the IC tag with a write-once function of the third invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is an external plan view of FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an IC tag with a write-once function according to a third invention.
  • FIG. 15 is an operation flowchart of an IC tag with a write-once function.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an IC tag with a write-once function in which the number of breakage detection units is controlled.
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a variable transmission cycle active type IC tag according to a fourth invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a change in a transmission cycle t according to a distance d.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the device for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag according to the fifth invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a process for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag.

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Abstract

To enable an IC tag having been removed to be read and to facilitate visual confirmation of a dishonesty. An inlet (5) is formed by joining, on a substrate (4) such as a PET film, an antenna coil (2) and a fracture switch (3) to an IC chip (1). The fracture switch (3) is constructed so as to break and shutoff a circuit when an external force greater than a predetermined level is applied to the switch. The inlet (5) is constructed such that an adhesive agent (a) is applied to the outer periphery of the upper surface of the substrate (4) and to the top surface of the fracture switch (3), the upper surface of the substrate is covered with a surface seal (6), the adhesive agent (a) is applied to the entire lower surface of the substrate, and the lower surface is supported by release paper (7) which is treated with silicone for release. The inlet (5) is peeled off from the release paper (7) and adhered to an article etc.

Description

ICタグおよび ICタグを利用した不正持ち出し防止装置  IC tag and unauthorized removal prevention device using IC tag
技術分野  Technical field
[0001] 本発明は、すり替え防止機能付き ICタグ、破損検知機能付き ICタグ、ライトワンス機 能付き ICタグ、発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ、および ICタグを利用した不正持ち 出し防止装置に関する。  The present invention relates to an IC tag with a replacement prevention function, an IC tag with a breakage detection function, an IC tag with a write-once function, an active IC tag with a variable transmission cycle, and an unauthorized removal prevention device using the IC tag.
背景技術  Background art
[0002] 固体認識を非接触で行う ICタグは、製造工程でデータを ROMに書き込むことから 書き換えができず、高い真正性が保証されている。  [0002] IC tags that perform solid-state recognition in a non-contact manner cannot be rewritten because data is written to ROM during the manufacturing process, and high authenticity is guaranteed.
また、さまざまな物品に装着できることから紙幣などの有価証券の偽造防止、入退 室管理を確実に行うための個人認証、製造、流通、販売などの過程における物品管 理など幅広 、分野での利用が見込まれて 、る。  In addition, since it can be attached to various goods, it can be used in a wide variety of fields, such as prevention of counterfeiting of securities such as banknotes, personal authentication to ensure access control, and article management in the manufacturing, distribution, and sales processes. Is expected.
[0003] これらの ICタグはさまざまな物品に装着できる反面、他の物品に付け直すことも簡 単にできてしまう。  [0003] While these IC tags can be attached to various articles, they can be easily attached to other articles.
また、表面のシールを剥がして他のシールに貼り替えることも簡単にできてしまう。 そのため、例えば物品管理などにぉ 、て高額な商品の ICタグと安価な商品の ICタ グを付け替えたり、偽物の商品に本物の商品から引き剥がした ICタグを貼り付けるな どの不正行為がなされる危険性がある。  Further, it is easy to peel off the seal on the surface and replace it with another seal. For this reason, fraudulent activities such as replacing IC tags for expensive products with IC tags for inexpensive products or attaching IC tags peeled off from genuine products to fake products are performed, for example, in article management. Danger.
[0004] この問題を解決するために、特開 2000— 151459号公報には、 ICタグを物品から 取り外そうとすると ICとアンテナの接続部分が破壊されるようにして ICタグのすり替え を防止する方法が提案されて!、る。  [0004] In order to solve this problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-151459 discloses that when an IC tag is removed from an article, the connection between the IC and the antenna is destroyed to prevent the IC tag from being replaced. Suggested way to do it!
しかし、この方法では ICとアンテナが切り離されてしまうため、取り外された ICタグの IDが読めなくなってしまう。  However, this method disconnects the antenna from the IC, so the ID of the removed IC tag cannot be read.
そのため、本来の ICタグが何であったのか判らないば力りでなぐ ICタグをトレーサ ピリティに利用する場合は履歴情報が追跡できず、どの時点で不正が行われたのか 知ることができなくい。  For this reason, if you do not know what the original IC tag was, you can not use it for traceability If you use IC tags for traceability, you can not track history information and you can not know at what time fraud was performed .
また、目視ではすり替えを確認するのが難しぐリーダ Zライタを使って IDを読み取 つてみな!、と不正を検知することができな ヽと 、う問題もある。 In addition, it is difficult to visually confirm the replacement.Read the ID using a reader Z writer. There is also a problem that fraud cannot be detected.
特許文献 1 :特開 2000— 151459号公報  Patent Document 1: JP-A-2000-151459
[0005] ところで、食品やィ匕学薬品、精密部品などの中には一定の温度を超えたり、限度外 の衝撃を受けると、品質が劣化して商品価値を失うものがある。 [0005] By the way, some foods, drugs, precision parts, and the like may deteriorate in quality and lose their commercial value if they exceed a certain temperature or receive an impact beyond the limit.
そのため、これらの物品を輸送'保管するときは、車内'庫内の温度や振動を常に 規定内に保つ必要がある。  Therefore, when transporting or storing these items, it is necessary to keep the temperature and vibration in the cabins within specified limits.
ところが、車内'庫内の温度は外気温や日照条件、ドアの開閉頻度などにより変化 する。  However, the temperature inside the car varies depending on the outside air temperature, sunshine conditions, the frequency of opening and closing doors, and the like.
また、車内の振動は道路状況や運転の仕方により変化する。  In addition, the vibration in the vehicle changes depending on road conditions and driving manner.
そのため、温度センサや振動センサを付けた ICタグを物品や車内'庫内に貼り付け て一定時間毎に温度や振動を測定して記録しておくと、物品の品質管理を確実なも のにすることができる。  Therefore, if an IC tag with a temperature sensor or vibration sensor is attached to an article or the interior of a car and the temperature and vibration are measured and recorded at regular intervals, the quality control of the article will be ensured. can do.
例えば、輸送'保管を終了した段階で記録内容をトラッキングすれば、規定内に保 たれな力つた不良品(例えば冷蔵庫の故障で一時的に温度が上がってしまった食品 )を検出できる。  For example, by tracking the recorded contents at the end of transportation and storage, it is possible to detect a strong defective product that is not maintained within the specified range (for example, a food product whose temperature has risen temporarily due to a refrigerator failure).
また、不良品を検出した場合、どの段階の管理に問題があった力を分析して、その 後の対策に役立てることができる。  In addition, when a defective product is detected, it is possible to analyze the power at which stage the management had a problem and use it for subsequent measures.
[0006] 温度管理に使用する ICタグは、周辺温度が例えば- 20°C以下になると動作不能に なる電池を内蔵したアクティブタグよりも、リーダ Zライタ力もの電磁波を受信して動作 電源とするパッシブタグの方が好適である。  [0006] The IC tag used for temperature management receives electromagnetic waves with a reader Z writer's power more than an active tag with a built-in battery that becomes inoperable when the ambient temperature drops to, for example, -20 ° C or lower, and sets it as an operation power supply. Passive tags are preferred.
また、走行する車内や密閉した庫内にリーダ Zライタや多くの通信機器を持ち込ん で外部と交信するのは困難なうえ通信コストも掛力るので、測定結果をリアルタイムに 取り出して送信するオンライン方式よりも、測定結果をいつたんタグのメモリに記録し て後で取り出すオフライン方式の方が好適である。  In addition, it is difficult to communicate with the outside by bringing a reader Z writer or many communication devices into a running car or in a closed warehouse, and communication costs are high.Therefore, an online method that retrieves and transmits measurement results in real time It is more preferable to use the offline method in which the measurement result is recorded in the memory of the tag and retrieved later.
しかし、オフライン方式の場合、測定がすべて終了した後で記録内容を取り出して チェックするのでタイムラグが発生し、その間に記録内容を改ざんしたり、捏造したり することが可能になる。  However, in the case of the offline method, the recorded contents are taken out and checked after all the measurements are completed, so a time lag occurs, and during that time, the recorded contents can be falsified or forged.
[0007] 一般に物品の輸送'保管はそれぞれ別の業者が分担して行うので、輸送'保管中 の温度管理や振動管理はそれぞれの業者が責任を持って行う。 [0007] In general, transportation and storage of goods are performed by different companies, respectively. Each company is responsible for temperature management and vibration management.
そのため、輸送 '保管が終了する度に担当業者が物品や車内,庫内に貼り付けたタ グを取り外して依頼者に提出し、依頼者が記録内容を読み出して温度管理や振動管 理が適正に行われたかどうかをチェックし、問題があれば何らかのペナルティを科す ことになる。  For this reason, every time transportation and storage is completed, the responsible person removes the tag attached to the goods, the inside of the car, and the inside of the warehouse, submits it to the client, and the client reads out the recorded contents and the temperature management and vibration management are appropriate. You will be charged with any penalties if any problems occur.
ICタグの IDは書き換えができず、高い真正性が保証されているので、最初に物品 や車内,庫内に貼り付けたタグを記録内容の異なる別のタグにすり替えることはでき ない。  Since the ID of the IC tag cannot be rewritten and its high authenticity is guaranteed, it is not possible to replace the tag originally attached to the article, the inside of the car, or the inside of the warehouse with another tag with different recorded contents.
その代わり、タグを取り外した後、依頼者に提出する前に記録内容を改ざんすること はできる。  Instead, the records can be tampered with after removal of the tag and before submission to the client.
また、途中で物品や車内'庫内に貼り付けたタグを取り外し、温度状態や振動状態 の良好な場所に移して記録内容を捏造することもできる。  In addition, it is also possible to remove the tag attached to the article or the interior of the car on the way, move it to a place where the temperature and vibration are good, and forge the recorded contents.
[0008] また、 ICタグに書き込み可能なメモリを内蔵すると、原材料、生産者、生産日、また は賞味期限などの情報を記録することができ、食品などのトレーサビリティ (生産履歴 の追跡)が可能になる。 [0008] In addition, by incorporating a memory that can be written to an IC tag, information such as raw materials, producers, production dates, or expiration dates can be recorded, and traceability of foods and the like (tracking of production history) is possible. become.
これにより、消費者が店に備え付けのリーダなどを利用して食品の履歴情報を知る ことができるので、安心して商品を購入できるようになる。  As a result, the consumer can know the history information of the food using a reader or the like provided in the store, and can purchase the product with confidence.
[0009] 食品の履歴情報は生産、流通、販売などの各段階で各業者が個別に記録すること になるが、現状では先の業者が記録した情報を後の業者が改ざんすることもできる。 そのため、例えば生産者が記録した原材料や賞味期限などの情報を販売店が改 ざんして商品を売るなどの不正行為が行われる危険性がある。 [0009] Food history information is recorded individually by each trader at each stage such as production, distribution, and sale, but under the present circumstances, information recorded by a previous trader can be falsified by a later trader. For this reason, there is a risk that the store alters the information recorded by the producer, such as the raw materials and the expiration date, and sells the product.
[0010] さらに、 IDを自動発信するアクティブタグは、人や移動物に取り付けて電気錠ゃ自 動ドアの開閉を制御する入退室管理などのゲート制御を行う場合、ノッシブ型に比 ベて通信距離が長いので質問器に力ざすなどの操作が不要になり、荷物で両手が ふさがれているときなどに便利である。 [0010] Furthermore, an active tag that automatically transmits an ID can be attached to a person or a moving object, and performs gate control such as an electric lock and entrance / exit control that controls the opening / closing of an automatic door. Since the distance is long, there is no need to press the interrogator, and this is convenient when both hands are occupied by luggage.
その反面、通信距離が長いので IDを検知するタイミングが早ぐ人や移動物が遠く 離れた位置にいても早い段階でゲートが開き、セキュリティの確保が難しくなる。  On the other hand, since the communication distance is long, the timing of detecting an ID is early, so even if a person or a moving object is far away, the gate opens at an early stage, making it difficult to ensure security.
[0011] 一方、アクティブタグは自ら IDを発するので電池を内蔵し、電池交換もしくは充電を 必要とする。 [0011] On the other hand, an active tag emits an ID by itself, and therefore has a built-in battery to replace or charge the battery. I need.
また、あらカゝじめ決められた周期で IDを発信し、発信周期を短くすると電池の消耗 が速くなるので、通常の発信周期は例えば 3〜30秒とかなり長めに設定されている。 そのため、 IDを発信しない時間が長いので IDを検知するタイミングが遅れ、人や移 動物が近付 ヽてもゲートが開かな 、ことがある。  In addition, the ID is transmitted at a pre-determined cycle, and shortening the transmission cycle increases battery consumption. Therefore, the normal transmission cycle is set to be considerably long, for example, 3 to 30 seconds. For this reason, the ID detection timing is delayed because the ID is not transmitted for a long time, and the gate may be opened even when a person or an animal comes closer.
[0012] また、リーダ Zライタとの間で無線でデータをやり取りする ICタグを商品に付加して 倉庫や店舗などの出入口にアンテナ付きゲートを設置することで製造力 販売に至 る流通過程で在庫情報と入出庫情報をリアルタイムに入手し、商品の不正持ち出し を防止することができる。 [0012] In addition, an IC tag for wirelessly exchanging data with a reader / writer is added to a product, and a gate with an antenna is installed at the entrance of a warehouse or a store, so that the product can be sold in the distribution process leading to sales. It is possible to obtain inventory information and inventory information in real time to prevent unauthorized removal of products.
ICタグは 135kHz以下の長波帯、 13. 56MHzの短波帯、 2. 45GHzのマイクロ波 帯などを使用してリーダ Zライタと通信するが、 ICタグとリーダ Zライタの間に金属が あると磁界や電波が金属に吸収されてしまうため、どの帯域においても通信し難くな る。  The IC tag communicates with the reader / writer using a long-wave band of 135 kHz or less, a short-wave band of 13.56 MHz, or a microwave band of 2.45 GHz, but if there is metal between the IC tag and the reader / writer, a magnetic field will occur. And radio waves are absorbed by metal, making it difficult to communicate in any band.
[0013] 135kHz以下の場合は磁界が金属の隙間を抜けて回折し、通信できることもあるが 通信距離が極端に短くなる。  [0013] When the frequency is 135 kHz or less, the magnetic field may diffract through a gap between the metals and may be able to communicate, but the communication distance is extremely short.
13. 56MHz帯の場合は金属に発生する電流が ICタグの磁界を打ち消す方向に 流れるため、 ICタグは起電力をほとんど得られなくなる。  13. In the case of the 56MHz band, the current generated in the metal flows in the direction to cancel the magnetic field of the IC tag, so that the IC tag can hardly obtain an electromotive force.
2. 45GHz帯の場合はアンテナの同調がずれて通信ができなくなる。  2. In the case of the 45GHz band, the antenna is out of tune and communication is not possible.
また、 2. 45GHz帯の電波は電子レンジにも利用されているように、水によく吸収さ れるので、人体を通過しない。  In addition, 2.45GHz band radio waves, like those used in microwave ovens, are well absorbed by water and do not pass through the human body.
そのため、 ICタグの部分をアルミシートなどの金属や手などで覆うと、通信できなく なって簡単にゲートを通過できるという問題が発生する。  Therefore, if the IC tag is covered with a metal such as an aluminum sheet or a hand, there is a problem that communication becomes impossible and the vehicle can easily pass through the gate.
発明の開示  Disclosure of the invention
発明が解決しょうとする課題  Problems to be solved by the invention
[0014] 本発明が解決しょうとする第 1の問題点は、従来の方法は ICとアンテナが切り離さ れてしまうため、 ICタグの読み取りができなくなり、また、目視での不正確認が困難な 点であり、第 1発明は、取り外された ICタグの読み取りを可能にし、目視での不正確 認を容易にすることを目的になされたものである。 [0015] 第 2の問題点は、測定結果を!、つたんタグのメモリに記録して後で取り出すオフライ ン方式の場合、タイムラグが発生するので、その間に記録内容の改ざんや捏造が可 能になる点であり、第 2発明は、物品や車内'庫内に貼り付けたタグの取り外しを困難 にして記録内容の改ざんや捏造などの不正行為を防止することを目的になされたも のである。 [0014] The first problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in the conventional method, the IC and the antenna are separated, so that the IC tag cannot be read, and it is difficult to visually confirm the illegality. The first invention has been made to enable reading of the removed IC tag and to facilitate visual inaccuracy recognition. [0015] The second problem is that, in the case of the offline method in which the measurement results are recorded in the memory of the! -Tag and retrieved later, a time lag occurs, and during that time, the recorded contents can be falsified or forged. The second invention is intended to make it difficult to remove a tag attached to an article or an inside of a car and prevent fraudulent acts such as falsification or fabrication of recorded contents. .
[0016] 第 3の問題点は、 ICタグをトレーサビリティに利用した場合、先の段階で記録した情 報を後の段階で改ざんされる恐れがある点であり、第 3発明は、 ICタグに記録した情 報を後で改ざんされないように保護することを目的になされたものである。  [0016] A third problem is that when an IC tag is used for traceability, information recorded in an earlier stage may be falsified in a later stage. It is intended to protect the recorded information from later tampering.
[0017] 第 4の問題点は、従来のアクティブタグは適正なタイミングでゲート制御を行うのが 難しぐゲート制御が不確実になる点であり、第 4発明は、ゲート制御を確実に行える アクティブタグを提供することを目的になされたものである。  [0017] A fourth problem is that the gate control of the conventional active tag is difficult to perform at an appropriate timing, and the gate control becomes uncertain. The fourth invention is an active tag that can reliably perform the gate control. It is intended to provide tags.
[0018] 第 5の問題点は、 ICタグを金属や手で覆うと通信できなくなる点であり、第 5発明は 、金属や手による通信妨害を検知して ICタグ付き物品の不正持ち出しを防止するこ とを目的になされたものである。  [0018] A fifth problem is that communication cannot be performed if the IC tag is covered with a metal or a hand. The fifth invention detects a communication disturbance by a metal or a hand to prevent unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag. It was intended to do so.
課題を解決するための手段  Means for solving the problem
[0019] そのため第 1発明は、 ICのデータ入力回路に所定以上の外力が加わると破断して 回路を遮断するスィッチを挿入し、このスィッチの状態を入力する入力手段と、入力 したスィッチの状態を応答信号に付加して送信する送信手段を ICタグに備えることを 最も主要な特徴とする。 [0019] Therefore, the first invention is characterized in that a switch for breaking the circuit when a predetermined external force or more is applied to the data input circuit of the IC to insert a switch for interrupting the circuit, inputting the state of the switch, and the state of the input switch The most important feature of the IC tag is that the IC tag is provided with a transmitting means for transmitting the response signal by adding it to the response signal.
[0020] 第 2発明は、アクティブタグに一定の発信周期で IDを発信する発信手段と、質問器 の発信電波を受信する受信手段と、受信した質問器の発信電波の受信電圧を測定 する測定手段と、測定した受信電圧に応じて発信周期を変更する変更手段とを備え ることを最も主要な特徴とする。  [0020] The second invention is a transmitting means for transmitting an ID to the active tag at a fixed transmitting cycle, a receiving means for receiving the transmitted radio wave of the interrogator, and a measurement for measuring the received voltage of the received radio wave transmitted by the interrogator. The most main feature of the present invention is to include means for changing the transmission cycle according to the measured reception voltage.
[0021] 第 3発明は、ゲートに設置したアンテナとゲートを通過する ICタグが通信する第 1の 通信手段と、ゲートに設置したアンテナ同士が通信する第 2の通信手段と、前記第 1 の通信手段が通信不能を検知したときは前記第 2の通信手段に切り換える切換手段 と、切り換え後に前記第 2の通信手段が通信不能を検知したときはアラームを報知す る報知手段とを備えることを最も主要な特徴とする。 [0022] 第 4発明は、センサに接続すべきアナログ入力端子を備える AZD変 を ICに 内蔵し、このアナログ入力端子に所定以上の外力が加わると破損するスィッチを接続 し、このスィッチが破損したときは以降のセンサからの入力を不能にすることを最も主 要な特徴とする。 [0021] The third invention provides a first communication means for communicating between an antenna installed at the gate and an IC tag passing through the gate, a second communication means for communicating between antennas installed at the gate, and the first communication means. Switching means for switching to the second communication means when the communication means detects communication failure, and notification means for notifying an alarm when the second communication means detects communication failure after switching. The most important feature. In the fourth invention, an AZD converter having an analog input terminal to be connected to the sensor is built in the IC, and a switch that is damaged when an external force exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the analog input terminal is connected, and the switch is damaged. In some cases, the most important feature is to disable input from the subsequent sensors.
[0023] 第 5発明は、インレットの表面基材に装着された剥離可能なラベルと、このラベルを 剥離すると破損するようにセットされたスィッチと、このスィッチが破損すると書き込み が禁止されるメモリとを備えて成ることを最も主要な特徴とする。  [0023] The fifth invention is directed to a peelable label mounted on a surface base material of an inlet, a switch set to be broken when the label is peeled off, and a memory to which writing is prohibited when the switch is broken. The most important feature is to have
発明の効果  The invention's effect
[0024] 第 1発明は、所定以上の外力が加わると破断して回路を遮断するスィッチを ICに付 加してすり替を検知するので、 ICタグ本来の機能を損なうことなくすり替を検知できる ようになる。そのため、取り外された ICタグの読み取り関する支障が一切なくなる。 また、スィッチが破断すると中のインク液が漏出してスィッチの周辺に付着するので 、 ICタグのすり替えを容易に目視確認できるようになる。  In the first invention, a switch that breaks when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied and disconnects the circuit is added to the IC to detect replacement, and thus replacement is detected without impairing the original function of the IC tag. become able to. Therefore, there is no trouble in reading the removed IC tag. Further, when the switch is broken, the ink liquid inside leaks out and adheres to the periphery of the switch, so that the replacement of the IC tag can be easily visually confirmed.
[0025] 第 2発明は、所定以上の外力が加わると破損するスィッチを AZD変換器のアナ口 グ入力端子に接続してタグの取り外しを検知し、取り外しを検知した場合はセンサか らの入力を不能にするので、タグを取り外した後で不正に記録内容を書き換えること はできなくなる。  [0025] In the second invention, a switch that is damaged when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied is connected to an analog input terminal of the AZD converter to detect the removal of the tag, and when the removal is detected, an input from the sensor is performed. Therefore, it is impossible to illegally rewrite the recorded contents after removing the tag.
また、取り外したタグを別の場所に移して記録することもできなくなる。  Also, the removed tag cannot be moved to another location and recorded.
[0026] 第 3発明は、インレットのラベルを剥離するとスィッチが破損し、スィッチが破損する とメモリへの書き込みが禁止されるので、ライトワンスのタイミングをラベルの剥離によ り制御できるようになる。そのため、情報が確定した時点でラベルを剥離すればその 段階で記録した情報が確実に保護されるようになる。 [0026] In the third invention, when the label of the inlet is peeled, the switch is damaged, and when the switch is damaged, writing to the memory is prohibited. Therefore, the timing of write-once can be controlled by peeling the label. . Therefore, if the label is peeled off when the information is determined, the information recorded at that stage is surely protected.
[0027] 第 4発明は、質問器の発信電波の受信電圧に応じてアクティブタグの IDの発信周 期を変化させるので、 IDの発信周期によってアクティブタグの接近度が判るようにな る。 [0027] In the fourth invention, since the transmission period of the ID of the active tag is changed according to the reception voltage of the radio wave transmitted from the interrogator, the proximity of the active tag can be determined by the transmission period of the ID.
従って、ゲート制御を適正なタイミングで行えるようになる。  Therefore, gate control can be performed at an appropriate timing.
また、質問器に近付いたときだけ IDの発信周期が短くなるので、大部分の時間を 離れた場所で過ごすことの多いアクティブタグの電池消費に無駄がなくなる。 [0028] 第 5発明は、ゲートに設置したアンテナと ICタグの通信が不能になったときはアンテ ナ同士の通信に切り換えるので、金属や手による通信妨害を確実に検知できるように なる。 Also, since the ID transmission cycle is shortened only when approaching the interrogator, the battery consumption of the active tag, which is often spent most of the time in a distant place, is not wasted. [0028] In the fifth invention, when communication between the antenna installed in the gate and the IC tag becomes impossible, communication is switched to communication between the antennas, so that communication disturbance by metal or hand can be reliably detected.
また、アンテナ同士の通信が不能であればアラームを報知するので、 ICタグ付き物 品の不正持ち出しを確実に検知できるようになる。  In addition, if communication between antennas is not possible, an alarm is issued, so that unauthorized removal of goods with IC tags can be reliably detected.
発明を実施するための最良の形態  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0029] 以下、第 1発明の実施の形態について説明する。  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the first invention will be described.
[0030] 図 1と図 2に、第 1発明を実施したすり替え防止機能付き ICタグの平面図と断面図 を示す。  FIGS. 1 and 2 show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of an IC tag with a replacement prevention function according to the first invention.
図では、主に 150kHz以下、あるいは 13. 56MHzの周波数帯を使用する電磁誘 導方式の ICタグの例を示して!/、る。  The figure shows an example of an electromagnetic induction type IC tag that mainly uses the frequency band below 150 kHz or 13.56 MHz!
すり替え防止機能付き ICタグはシート状で、 ICチップ 1にアンテナコイル 2と破断ス イッチ 3を PETフィルムなどの基板シート 4上で接合してインレット 5を形成している。 破断スィッチ 3は、所定以上の外力が加わると破断して回路を遮断する構造になつ ている。  The IC tag with the anti-replacement function has a sheet shape, and an inlet 5 is formed by bonding an antenna coil 2 and a break switch 3 to an IC chip 1 on a substrate sheet 4 such as a PET film. The breaking switch 3 has a structure in which when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied, the breaking switch 3 breaks and interrupts the circuit.
インレット 5は、基板シート 4の周縁と破断スィッチ 3に粘着剤 aを塗布して、その上を 表面シール 6で被覆し、基板シート 4の裏面全体には粘着剤 aを塗布してそれにシリ コンの剥離処理を施した剥離紙 7を貼り、これにより ICタグを構成する。  The inlet 5 is coated with an adhesive a on the periphery of the substrate sheet 4 and on the break switch 3 and is covered with a surface seal 6. A release paper 7 that has been subjected to a release treatment is applied, thereby forming an IC tag.
この剥離紙 7を剥がして ICタグを物品などに貼付する。  The release paper 7 is peeled off, and the IC tag is attached to an article or the like.
[0031] 図 3と図 4に、破断スィッチの平面図と断面図を拡大して示す。 FIGS. 3 and 4 are enlarged plan views and cross-sectional views of the break switch.
破断スィッチ 3は、厚膜印刷技術を用いて基板 4上にメンブレン 31を成膜し、その 上を脆弱な材料のノ ッキング 32で被膜して袋状の液貯蔵層 33を形成し、その中に 導電性のインク液 bを入れる。  The rupture switch 3 is formed by forming a membrane 31 on the substrate 4 by using a thick film printing technique, and coating the membrane 31 with a knocking 32 of a fragile material to form a bag-like liquid storage layer 33. Fill with conductive ink liquid b.
液貯蔵層 33の両端には電極 34を配置し、リード線 35を介して ICチップ 1に接続す る。  Electrodes 34 are arranged at both ends of the liquid storage layer 33, and are connected to the IC chip 1 via the lead wires 35.
基板 4にはあら力じめ例えば X印などの形に破線状に弱め線 cを入れておくとよい これにより、インレット 5を引き剥がそうとすると、基板 4が引っ張られて弱め線 cの切 れ幅が拡大し、基板 4と一体の破断スィッチ 3の破断を確実にする。 It is good to put a weak line c in the shape of a broken line in the form of a mark, such as an X mark, on the substrate 4 so that when the inlet 5 is to be peeled off, the substrate 4 is pulled and the weak line c is cut The width is increased, and the breaking switch 3 integrated with the substrate 4 is reliably broken.
この弱め線 cは、縦横如何なる方向に引っ張られても切れ幅が拡大するようになつ ている。  The width of the weakened line c is such that the width of the cut is increased regardless of the direction in which the line is pulled in the vertical and horizontal directions.
[0032] また、基板 4表面の破断スィッチ 3の周辺あるいは基板 4の表面全体に網点形成な どの表面力卩ェを施してインク液 bの吸着を確実にするとよい。  In addition, it is preferable to apply a surface force such as halftone dot formation to the periphery of the break switch 3 on the surface of the substrate 4 or the entire surface of the substrate 4 to ensure adsorption of the ink liquid b.
表面加工の他に、基板 4表面にインク液 bを吸着する塗料を塗布したり、インク液 b を吸着する紙や布などのテープを貼ってもょ 、。  In addition to the surface treatment, a paint that absorbs the ink liquid b may be applied to the surface of the substrate 4, or a tape such as paper or cloth that absorbs the ink liquid b may be applied.
これにより、破断の際に漏出したインク液 bが微量ながら周辺の基板 4に広く拡散し て付着するので、破断スィッチ 3が破断したことを容易に目視確認できるようになる。  As a result, a small amount of the ink liquid b leaked at the time of breakage is widely diffused and attached to the surrounding substrate 4, so that the breakage of the breakage switch 3 can be easily visually confirmed.
[0033] 破断スィッチ 3は、図 5に示すように、液貯蔵層 33の両端を導電性の切れ易い細線 dで結んで通電させてもよ!、。 As shown in FIG. 5, the breaking switch 3 may be energized by connecting both ends of the liquid storage layer 33 with conductive thin wires d which are easily cut.
あるいは、メンブレン 31やパッキング 32をアルミなどの金属箔で形成して通電させ てもよい。  Alternatively, the membrane 31 and the packing 32 may be formed of a metal foil such as aluminum and energized.
このように破断スィッチ 3を細線 dや金属箔で構成する場合は、液貯蔵層 33の中の インク液 bは導電性の必要はなく通常のものであればょ 、し、またインク液なしで液貯 蔵層 33を省略してもよい。液貯蔵層 33を省略する場合は、細線 dや金属箔をリード 線 35に直接接続する。  When the breaking switch 3 is made of a thin wire d or a metal foil as described above, the ink liquid b in the liquid storage layer 33 does not need to be conductive and may be a normal one. The liquid storage layer 33 may be omitted. When the liquid storage layer 33 is omitted, a thin wire d or a metal foil is directly connected to the lead wire 35.
[0034] 図 6に、第 1発明を実施した ICタグのブロック図を示す。 FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of an IC tag embodying the first invention.
この ICタグは、 ICチップ 1のアンテナ接続部にアンテナコイル 2を接続し、 ICチップ 1のデータ入力部に破断スィッチ 3を接続する構成である。  This IC tag has a configuration in which an antenna coil 2 is connected to an antenna connection portion of an IC chip 1 and a break switch 3 is connected to a data input portion of the IC chip 1.
ICチップ 1は、アンテナコイル 2に接続する整流回路 11、復調回路 12、変調回路 1 3およびクロック回路 14力 なるアナログ回路部と、 CPU15とメモリ 16からなるデジタ ル回路部で構成される。  The IC chip 1 is composed of a rectifier circuit 11, a demodulation circuit 12, a modulation circuit 13, and a clock circuit 14, which are connected to the antenna coil 2, an analog circuit section, and a digital circuit section including a CPU 15 and a memory 16.
[0035] すり替え防止機能付き ICタグは以上のような構成で、リーダ Zライタ 8が IDの読取 信号を変調してアンテナコイル 9に印加すると、誘導電磁界が発生してタグ側のアン テナコイル 2に誘起電圧が発生する。 The IC tag with the replacement prevention function is configured as described above. When the reader / writer 8 modulates the ID read signal and applies it to the antenna coil 9, an induced electromagnetic field is generated and the tag antenna antenna 2 , An induced voltage is generated.
この誘起電圧を整流回路 11が整流して動作電源とし、クロック回路 14がその周波 数を用いて IC同期用のクロックを生成する。 これより IC回路に電力とクロックが供給されると、復調回路 12がクロックに同期させ ながらリーダ Zライタ 8から受信した読取信号を復調し、この読取信号を CPU15が解 祈してメモリ 16から IDを読み出し、読み出した IDを変調回路 13が変調してアンテナ コイル 2から送信する。 The induced voltage is rectified by a rectifier circuit 11 to be used as an operation power supply, and a clock circuit 14 generates a clock for IC synchronization using the frequency. When power and a clock are supplied to the IC circuit, the demodulation circuit 12 demodulates the read signal received from the reader / writer 8 while synchronizing with the clock. And the read ID is modulated by the modulation circuit 13 and transmitted from the antenna coil 2.
このとき、 CPU15は破断スィッチ 3の入力処理を行い、入力したスィッチの状態を I Dに付加してリーダ/ライタ 8に送信する。すなわち CPU15と破断スィッチ 3の間の 図示しない IOポートに対して入力命令を実行し、そのときの破断スィッチ 3の状態を 読み取り、それを IDに付加してリーダ Zライタ 8に送信する。  At this time, the CPU 15 performs the input processing of the break switch 3, adds the input switch state to the ID, and transmits the ID to the reader / writer 8. That is, an input command is executed for an IO port (not shown) between the CPU 15 and the break switch 3, the state of the break switch 3 at that time is read, and the read state is added to the ID and transmitted to the reader Z writer 8.
[0036] 第 1発明を実施したすり替え防止機能付き ICタグは以上のような構成で、 ICタグを 他の物品などに付け替える場合、 ICタグを引き剥がそうとすると、すなわち所定以上 の外力が作用すると、フィルム状の基板 4が引っ張られて基板 4に入れた弱め線 cの 切れ幅が拡大する。 [0036] The IC tag with a replacement prevention function embodying the first invention has the above-described configuration. When the IC tag is replaced with another article or the like, an attempt is made to peel off the IC tag, that is, an external force exceeding a predetermined level acts. Then, the film-shaped substrate 4 is pulled, and the cut width of the weakening line c inserted in the substrate 4 is increased.
これにより、図 7に示すように、いずれかの弱め線 cに引き裂き力が作用し、破断スィ ツチ 3が破断する。  As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, a tearing force acts on one of the weakening lines c, and the breaking switch 3 breaks.
このとき、中に入れた導電性のインク液 bが漏出して破断スィッチ 3周辺の基板 4表 面にインク液 bが広く拡散して付着する。  At this time, the conductive ink liquid b leaks out and the ink liquid b diffuses and adheres to the surface of the substrate 4 around the break switch 3.
そのため、リーダ Zライタ 8が IDを読み取る前に ICタグが引き剥がされたことを目視 で検知できる。  Therefore, it is possible to visually detect that the IC tag has been peeled off before the reader Z writer 8 reads the ID.
また、中に入れた導電性のインク液 bが漏出すると破断スィッチ 3がオフになる。 そのため、 IDの読み取り時に付加されるスィッチの状態を識別してリーダ Zライタ 8 側でも ICタグが引き剥がされたことを検知できる。  When the conductive ink liquid b leaks out, the break switch 3 is turned off. Therefore, the state of the switch added when reading the ID is identified, and the reader Z writer 8 can also detect that the IC tag has been peeled off.
[0037] 液貯蔵層 33の両端を細線 dで結ぶ破断スィッチ 3の場合は、図 8に示すように、 IC タグを引き剥がすと破断スィッチ 3が破断し、中に入れた通常のインク液 bが漏出して 破断スィッチ 3周辺の基板 4表面にインク液 bが付着する。これと同時に細線 dが断線 し、破断スィッチ 3がオフになる。  [0037] In the case of the break switch 3 connecting both ends of the liquid storage layer 33 with thin lines d, as shown in Fig. 8, when the IC tag is peeled, the break switch 3 breaks, and the normal ink liquid b Leaks and the ink liquid b adheres to the surface of the substrate 4 around the break switch 3. At the same time, the thin line d is broken, and the breaking switch 3 is turned off.
[0038] また、 ICタグの表面シール 6だけを剥がして他の表面シール 6に貼り替えようとして も、破断スィッチ 3が基板 4と表面シール 6の間で引き裂かれて破断してオフになりィ ンク液が流出する。その結果、 ICタグ全体を物品から引き剥がそうとする場合と同様 に、表面シール 6の引き剥がしが検出できる。 [0038] Even if the surface seal 6 of the IC tag is peeled off and replaced with another surface seal 6, the break switch 3 is torn between the substrate 4 and the surface seal 6 to be broken and turned off. Liquid flows out. As a result, the same as when trying to peel off the entire IC tag from the article In addition, peeling of the surface seal 6 can be detected.
液貯蔵層 33を省略したものではインク液がな 、から、 ICタグやその表面シールの 引き剥がしを目では確認できないが、細線 dや金属箔の切断により破断スィッチ 3は オフとなり、リーダ Zライタ 8側で引き剥がしが検出できる。  If the liquid storage layer 33 is omitted, the IC tag and its surface seal cannot be peeled off because of the lack of ink liquid.However, the break switch 3 is turned off by cutting the thin line d or the metal foil, and the reader Z writer is turned off. Peeling can be detected on the 8 side.
細線の破断スィッチを回路を扉や抽斗にシール代わりに配置すれば、その断線に より扉の不正な開閉を検出できる。  If a thin wire break switch is placed on the door or drawer instead of a seal, the circuit can detect an improper opening or closing of the door.
[0039] 次に、第 2発明の実施の形態について説明する。 Next, an embodiment of the second invention will be described.
[0040] 第 2発明を実施した破損検知機能付き ICタグは、図 1〜2に示すように、第 1発明の すり替え防止機能付き ICタグと同様に ICチップ 1にアンテナコイル 2と破断スィッチ 3 を PETフィルムなどの基板 4上で接合してインレット 5を形成する。  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the IC tag with a breakage detection function according to the second invention has an antenna coil 2 and a break switch 3 on an IC chip 1 similarly to the IC tag with a replacement prevention function of the first invention. Are joined on a substrate 4 such as a PET film to form an inlet 5.
[0041] 図 9に、第 2発明を実施した破損検知機能付き ICタグのブロック図を示す。  FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an IC tag with a damage detection function embodying the second invention.
破損検知機能付き ICタグは、 ICチップ 1のアンテナ接続部にアンテナコイル 2を接 続し、センサ入力部に破断スィッチ 3を直列に接続する構成である。  The IC tag with a damage detection function has a configuration in which an antenna coil 2 is connected to an antenna connection portion of an IC chip 1 and a break switch 3 is connected in series to a sensor input portion.
ICチップ 1は、アンテナコイル 2に接続する整流回路 11、復調回路 12、変調回路 1 3、クロック回路 14からなるアナログのデータ送受信部と、 CPU15、メモリ 16、 Α/Ό 変 7からなるデジタルのデータ処理部と、破断スィッチ 3を間に挟むセンサアン プ 18とセンサ 19からなるアナログのセンサ入力部で構成される。  The IC chip 1 has an analog data transmission / reception unit including a rectifier circuit 11, a demodulation circuit 12, a modulation circuit 13, and a clock circuit 14 connected to the antenna coil 2, and a digital data transmission / reception unit including a CPU 15, a memory 16, and a Α / Ό converter 7. It is composed of a data processing unit and an analog sensor input unit consisting of a sensor amplifier 18 and a sensor 19 sandwiching the breaking switch 3.
[0042] センサ 19には、金属の酸ィ匕の進行に伴う抵抗変化などを利用して時間を測定する 時間センサ、熱電対の熱起電力あるいは白金測温抵抗体ゃサーミスタ測温体の抵 抗変化などを利用して温度を測定する温度センサ、有機高分子系材料の抵抗変化 や静電容量変化、セラミックス材料の抵抗変化などを利用して湿度を測定する湿度 センサ、圧電セラミックスの電圧変化、ピエゾ抵抗素子の抵抗変化、変位電極の静電 容量変化あるいは振動により結合構造が緩む素材の抵抗変化などを利用して振動 を測定する振動センサなどが含まれる。  [0042] The sensor 19 includes a time sensor for measuring time using a resistance change or the like accompanying the progress of metal oxidation, a thermoelectromotive force of a thermocouple or a resistance of a platinum resistance thermometer or a thermistor temperature detector. Temperature sensor to measure temperature using resistance change, humidity sensor to measure humidity using resistance change and capacitance change of organic polymer material, resistance change of ceramic material, voltage change of piezoelectric ceramics And a vibration sensor that measures vibration using a change in resistance of a piezoresistive element, a change in capacitance of a displacement electrode, or a change in resistance of a material whose coupling structure is loosened due to vibration.
時間センサは、鉄、銅、アルミ、スズなど酸ィ匕の進行に伴って電気抵抗が変化する 金属箔を一定濃度の酸素雰囲気中に放置し、この金属箔の電気抵抗を計測して経 過時間を検知するものなどが考えられる。  The time sensor changes the electrical resistance of iron, copper, aluminum, tin, etc. as it progresses. The metal foil is left in an oxygen atmosphere of a certain concentration, and the electrical resistance of the metal foil is measured. One that detects time can be considered.
[0043] 第 2発明の破損検知機能付き ICタグはセンサアンプ 18とセンサ 19の間に破断スィ ツチ 3が挿入されているので、インレット 5を引き剥がそうとすると破断スィッチ 3が破断 し、センサアンプ 18とセンサ 19の間の結合線が断線する。 The IC tag with a breakage detection function of the second invention is a break switch between the sensor amplifier 18 and the sensor 19. Since the switch 3 is inserted, when the inlet 5 is to be peeled off, the break switch 3 is broken, and the connection line between the sensor amplifier 18 and the sensor 19 is broken.
そのため、抵抗が無限大となり、破断スィッチ 3が破断したときの AZD変 の 変換値はフルスケール (最大値)となる。  Therefore, the resistance becomes infinite, and the conversion value of the AZD change when the fracture switch 3 fractures becomes the full scale (maximum value).
[0044] 以下、図 10のフローチャートを参照して破損検知機能付き ICタグの動作を説明す る。 Hereinafter, the operation of the IC tag with a damage detection function will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
まず、リーダ Zライタ 8がコマンド信号を変調してアンテナコイル 9に交流電圧を印 加し、 ICタグにコマンド信号を送信する (ステップ 101)。  First, the reader Z writer 8 modulates a command signal, applies an AC voltage to the antenna coil 9, and transmits a command signal to the IC tag (step 101).
このとき、誘導電磁界が発生してタグ側のアンテナコイル 2に誘起電圧が発生する。 以下の動作は外部から一定時間毎に電界供給を受ける都度、充分な電界強度が 得られ、誘起電圧が安定した時点で行われる。  At this time, an induced electromagnetic field is generated, and an induced voltage is generated in the antenna coil 2 on the tag side. The following operation is performed when a sufficient electric field strength is obtained and the induced voltage is stabilized each time the electric field is supplied from the outside at regular intervals.
次に、 ICタグがコマンド信号を受信すると、この誘起電圧を整流回路 11が整流して 動作電源とし、クロック回路 14がその周波数を用いて IC同期用のクロックを生成する (ステップ 102)。  Next, when the IC tag receives the command signal, the induced voltage is rectified by the rectifier circuit 11 to serve as an operation power source, and the clock circuit 14 generates a clock for IC synchronization using the frequency (step 102).
次に、 IC回路に電力とクロックが供給されと、復調回路 12がクロックに同期させなが らリーダ Zライタ 8から受信したコマンド信号を復調する (ステップ 103)。  Next, when power and a clock are supplied to the IC circuit, the demodulation circuit 12 demodulates the command signal received from the reader / writer 8 while synchronizing with the clock (step 103).
[0045] 次に、 CPU15が AZD変^ ^17によりデジタルデータに変換され、センサアンプ 1 8により増幅されたセンサ 19の測定値を入力する(ステップ 104)。 Next, the CPU 15 inputs the measured value of the sensor 19 converted into digital data by the AZD conversion 17 and amplified by the sensor amplifier 18 (step 104).
次に、 CPU15が入力した測定値をチェックし (ステップ 105)、フルスケールのとき はインレット 5が剥離されたとして入力動作を行わず、そのまま処理を終了する。 これにより、後のステップ 109、 110におけるメモリ 16への履歴保存がなくなるので それまでの履歴データは凍結保存される。従って、タグを取り外した後で不正に記録 内容を書き換えることはできなくなる。  Next, the measured value input by the CPU 15 is checked (step 105). If the measured value is at the full scale, the input operation is not performed and the processing is terminated without performing the input operation. As a result, since the history is not stored in the memory 16 in the subsequent steps 109 and 110, the history data thus far is frozen and stored. Therefore, it is impossible to illegally rewrite the recorded contents after removing the tag.
[0046] フルスケールでな!/、ときは CPU 15がメモリ 16から IDコードを読み出し (ステップ 10 6)、読み出した IDコードとステップ 104で入力した測定値を変調回路 13が変調し、 I Dコードに測定値を付加してアンテナコイル 2からリーダ/ライタ 8に送信する (ステツ プ 107)。 [0046] At full scale, the CPU 15 reads the ID code from the memory 16 (step 106), and the modulation circuit 13 modulates the read ID code and the measurement value input in step 104, and outputs the ID code. The measured value is added to the data and transmitted from the antenna coil 2 to the reader / writer 8 (step 107).
次に、 CPU15が入力した測定値が規定内レベルかどうかを判定し (ステップ 108) 、規定内レベルであれば正常データとしてコマンド信号に含まれる時計データと合わ せて入力した測定値を時系列順にメモリ 16に履歴保存する (ステップ 109)。 Next, it is determined whether the measured value input by the CPU 15 is within the specified level (step 108). If the level is within the specified range, the measurement values input as normal data together with the clock data included in the command signal are stored in history in the memory 16 in chronological order (step 109).
規定内レベルでなければ、異常データとして同様にコマンド信号に含まれる時計デ ータと合わせて入力した測定値を時系列順にメモリ 16に履歴保存する (ステップ 110 If the level is not within the specified range, similarly, the measured values input as abnormal data together with the clock data included in the command signal are stored in history in the memory 16 in chronological order (step 110).
) o ) o
これにより、異常データだけ力 Sメモリ 16に保存されるので、履歴データの読取効率 が向上し、規定内レベルに保たれな力つた不良品の検出スピードが速くなる。  As a result, only the abnormal data is stored in the force S memory 16, so that the reading efficiency of the history data is improved, and the speed of detecting a defective product that is not maintained within the specified level is increased.
また、履歴データの保存容量も少なくできる。  Also, the storage capacity of the history data can be reduced.
なお、センサ 19の測定値が振動データの場合、予め正常波形パターンを設定し、 それと測定した振動データの波形パターンを常時照合して不一致のときはそれを異 常データとする。  When the measurement value of the sensor 19 is vibration data, a normal waveform pattern is set in advance, and the waveform pattern of the measured vibration data is always collated. If the waveform pattern does not match, the data is regarded as abnormal data.
[0047] 次に、第 3発明の実施の形態について説明する。 Next, an embodiment of the third invention will be described.
[0048] 図 11と図 12に、第 3発明を実施したライトワンス機能付き ICタグの内部平面図と断 面図を示す。また、図 13に、ライトワンス機能付き ICタグの外部平面図を示す。  FIGS. 11 and 12 show an internal plan view and a cross-sectional view of an IC tag with a write-once function embodying the third invention. FIG. 13 shows an external plan view of the IC tag with the write-once function.
図では、主に 150kHz以下、あるいは 13. 56MHzの周波数帯を使用する電磁誘 導方式の ICタグの例を示して!/、る。  The figure shows an example of an electromagnetic induction type IC tag that mainly uses the frequency band below 150 kHz or 13.56 MHz!
ライトワンス機能付き ICタグは、 ICチップ 1にアンテナコイル 2とチャネル数に応じた 数の破断スィッチ 3を PETフィルムなどの基板 4上で接合してインレット 5を形成する。 図では 3チャネル編成の ICタグの例を示して!/、るが、チャネル数によって任意の数の 破断スィッチ 3を接合することができる。  In an IC tag with a write-once function, an inlet 5 is formed by joining an antenna chip 2 and break switches 3 in a number corresponding to the number of channels to an IC chip 1 on a substrate 4 such as a PET film. The figure shows an example of a three-channel IC tag! /, But any number of break switches 3 can be joined according to the number of channels.
インレット 5は、基板 4上面の外周と破断スィッチ 3の頂面に粘着剤 aを塗布して上面 を表面シール 6で被覆し、下面全体に粘着剤 aを塗布して下面をシリコンの剥離処理 を施した剥離紙 7に支持する。  The inlet 5 is coated with an adhesive a on the outer periphery of the upper surface of the substrate 4 and the top surface of the break switch 3 and is covered with a surface seal 6 on the upper surface. It is supported by the applied release paper 7.
このインレット 5を剥離紙 7から引き剥がして物品などに貼付する。  The inlet 5 is peeled from the release paper 7 and attached to an article or the like.
[0049] 表面シール 6は、打ち抜き力卩ェを施して破断スィッチ 3に応じた数のラベル 61を形 成し、このラベル 61と基板 4の間に破断スィッチ 3を内設する。 [0049] The surface seal 6 forms a number of labels 61 corresponding to the break switches 3 by applying a punching force, and the break switches 3 are provided between the labels 61 and the substrate 4.
破断スィッチ 3は、所定以上の外力が加わると破損する構造で、底面をインレット 5 の基板 4に固着し、頂面をラベル 61の裏側に粘着する。 これにより、ラベル 61を剥離すると底面を基板 4に固着し、頂面をラベル 61の裏側 に粘着する破断スィッチ 3が上方に引っ張られて確実に破損する。 The breaking switch 3 has a structure that is broken when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied. The bottom surface is fixed to the substrate 4 of the inlet 5, and the top surface is adhered to the back side of the label 61. As a result, when the label 61 is peeled off, the bottom surface is fixed to the substrate 4 and the breaking switch 3 that adheres the top surface to the back side of the label 61 is pulled upward and is reliably broken.
[0050] 破断スィッチ 3は、図 4〜5に示すように、厚膜印刷技術を用いて基板 4上にメンブ レン 31を成膜し、その上を脆弱な材料のパッキング 32で被膜して袋状の液貯蔵層 3 3を形成し、その中に導電性のインク液 bを入れる。 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the breaking switch 3 is formed by forming a membrane 31 on the substrate 4 by using a thick film printing technique, and coating the membrane 31 with a packing 32 of a fragile material. A liquid storage layer 33 is formed, into which the conductive ink liquid b is placed.
液貯蔵層 33の両端には電極 34を配置し、リード線 35を介して ICチップ 1に接続す る。  Electrodes 34 are arranged at both ends of the liquid storage layer 33, and are connected to the IC chip 1 via the lead wires 35.
これにより、ラベル 61を引き剥がそうとすると、破断スィッチ 3が引っ張られて破損し As a result, when the label 61 is to be peeled, the break switch 3 is pulled and is broken.
、 ICチップ 1に接続するリード線 35が断線する。 The lead wire 35 connected to the IC chip 1 is disconnected.
また、ラベル 61を剥離すると例えば「検品済」や「合格」などのマークが露出する。 これにより、視覚的にもインレット 5を貼付した物品が検査されたものであることが分 かるようになる。  When the label 61 is peeled off, marks such as “inspected” and “passed” are exposed. As a result, the user can visually recognize that the article to which the inlet 5 has been applied has been inspected.
[0051] 破断スィッチ 3は、液貯蔵層 33の両端を導電性の細線で結んで通電させてもよい。  [0051] The breaking switch 3 may be energized by connecting both ends of the liquid storage layer 33 with conductive thin wires.
あるいは、メンブレン 31やパッキング 32をアルミなどの金属箔で形成して通電させ てもよい。  Alternatively, the membrane 31 and the packing 32 may be formed of a metal foil such as aluminum and energized.
[0052] 図 14に、第 3発明を実施したライトワンス機能付き ICタグのブロック図を示す。  FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of an IC tag with a write-once function embodying the third invention.
ライトワンス機能付き ICタグは、 ICチップ 1のアンテナ接続部にアンテナコイル 2を 接続し、 ICチップ 1のデータ入力チャネルに破断スィッチ 3を接続する構成である。  The IC tag with the write-once function has a configuration in which the antenna coil 2 is connected to the antenna connection portion of the IC chip 1 and the break switch 3 is connected to the data input channel of the IC chip 1.
ICチップ 1は、アンテナコイル 2に接続する整流回路 11、復調回路 12、変調回路 1 3およびクロック回路 14力 なるアナログ回路部と、 CPU15とメモリ 16からなるデジタ ル回路部で構成される。  The IC chip 1 is composed of a rectifier circuit 11, a demodulation circuit 12, a modulation circuit 13, and a clock circuit 14, which are connected to the antenna coil 2, an analog circuit section, and a digital circuit section including a CPU 15 and a memory 16.
[0053] データ入力チャネルは複数あり、各データ入力チャネルに対して破断スィッチ 3が 一対一に接続されている。 [0053] There are a plurality of data input channels, and one break switch 3 is connected to each data input channel.
破断スィッチ 3が破損したときのデータ入力チャネルのインピーダンスは無限大とな り、そのときの入力信号はハイレベルとなる。  When the break switch 3 is broken, the impedance of the data input channel becomes infinite, and the input signal at that time becomes high level.
また、各データ入力チャネルに対して異なるメモリ 16のバンクが一対一に割り当て られている。  Also, different banks of memory 16 are assigned to each data input channel on a one-to-one basis.
メモリ 16は一定の容量を持ったバンク単位に管理され、アクセス要求が発生すると 対象となるバンクを選択し、バンクスイッチを行ってそのバンクに対してだけアクセス するようになつている。バンクスイッチはハード、ソフトいずれの方法で行ってもよい。 The memory 16 is managed in units of a bank having a certain capacity, and when an access request occurs, The target bank is selected, and a bank switch is performed to access only that bank. The bank switch may be performed by either a hardware or software method.
[0054] 以下、図 15のフローチャートを参照してライトワンス機能付き ICタグの動作を説明 する。  Hereinafter, the operation of the IC tag with the write-once function will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
まず、リーダ Zライタ 8がコマンド信号を変調してアンテナコイル 9に交流電圧を印 加し、 ICタグにコマンド信号を送信する (ステップ 201)。  First, the reader Z writer 8 modulates a command signal, applies an AC voltage to the antenna coil 9, and transmits a command signal to the IC tag (step 201).
このとき、誘導電磁界が発生してタグ側のアンテナコイル 2に誘起電圧が発生する。 以下の動作は外部力 電界供給を受ける都度、充分な電界強度が得られ、誘起電 圧が安定した時点で行われる。  At this time, an induced electromagnetic field is generated, and an induced voltage is generated in the antenna coil 2 on the tag side. The following operations are performed each time a sufficient electric field strength is obtained and the induced voltage is stabilized each time an external force electric field is supplied.
次に、 ICタグがコマンド信号を受信すると、この誘起電圧を整流回路 11が整流して 動作電源とし、クロック回路 14がその周波数を用いて IC同期用のクロックを生成する (ステップ 202)。  Next, when the IC tag receives the command signal, the induced voltage is rectified by the rectifier circuit 11 to serve as an operation power supply, and the clock circuit 14 generates a clock for IC synchronization using the frequency (step 202).
次に、 IC回路に電力とクロックが供給されと、復調回路 12がクロックに同期させなが らリーダ Zライタ 8から受信したコマンド信号を復調する (ステップ 203)。  Next, when power and a clock are supplied to the IC circuit, the demodulation circuit 12 demodulates the command signal received from the reader / writer 8 while synchronizing with the clock (step 203).
次に、 CPU15が復調したコマンド信号を解析し (ステップ 204)、コマンド信号が書 き込みコマンドのときは履歴データの書き込み動作に入り、タリアコマンドのときは履 歴データの消去動作に入る。  Next, the CPU 15 analyzes the demodulated command signal (step 204). When the command signal is a write command, the CPU 15 enters a history data write operation, and when the command signal is a thalia command, enters a history data erase operation.
[0055] 次に、履歴データの書き込み動作について説明する。 Next, an operation of writing history data will be described.
まず、 CPU15は対象となるデータ入力チャネルを選択し、そのチャネルに接続さ れて 、る破断スィッチ 3の入力処理を行う(ステップ 205)。  First, the CPU 15 selects a target data input channel, and performs input processing of the break switch 3 connected to the channel (step 205).
次に、入力信号をチェックし (ステップ 206)、ハイレベルのときはラベル 61が剥離さ れたとして書き込み動作を行わず、そのまま処理を終了する。  Next, the input signal is checked (step 206). If the signal is high, it is determined that the label 61 has been peeled off and the writing operation is not performed, and the process is terminated.
ノ、ィレベルでないときは対象となるメモリ 16のバンクを選択し、コマンド信号に含ま れる履歴データをそのバンクに書き込む (ステップ 207)。  If not, the bank of the target memory 16 is selected, and the history data included in the command signal is written to the bank (step 207).
次に、 IDコードを付加した応答信号を変調回路 13が変調し、アンテナコイル 2から リーダ Zライタ 9に送信する (ステップ 208)。  Next, the response signal to which the ID code is added is modulated by the modulation circuit 13 and transmitted from the antenna coil 2 to the reader / writer 9 (step 208).
[0056] 次に、履歴データの消去動作について説明する。 Next, an operation of deleting history data will be described.
まず、 CPU 15はデータ入力チャネルを順番に選択し、全てのチャネルに接続され て 、る破断スィッチ 3の入力処理を行う(ステップ 209)。 First, the CPU 15 selects the data input channels in order, and connects to all the channels. Then, input processing of the break switch 3 is performed (step 209).
次に、入力信号をチェックし (ステップ 210)、全ての入力信号がハイレベルのときは 全てのラベル 61が剥離されたとしてメモリ 16のバンクに保存されている履歴データを 全て消去する (ステップ 211)。  Next, the input signals are checked (step 210), and if all the input signals are at the high level, all the labels 61 are determined to have been peeled off and all the history data stored in the bank of the memory 16 is deleted (step 211). ).
ハイレベルでな 、ときは全てのラベル 61が未だ剥離されて!、な!/、として消去動作を 行わず、そのまま処理を終了する。  If it is not at the high level, all labels 61 are still peeled off, and the process is terminated without performing the erasing operation as!, Na! /.
これにより、使用後のライトワンス機能付き ICタグのリサイクルが可能になる。  This makes it possible to recycle IC tags with the write-once function after use.
[0057] 第 3発明のライトワンス機能付き ICタグは、図 16に示すように、トレーサビリティの各 段階においてインレット 5からラベル 61を 1枚ずつ剥離し、これより対応する破損検知 部の破断スィッチ 3が破損し、対応するアドレスのメモリ 16への書き込みが禁止される これにより、トレーサビリティの各段階における履歴データが保護され、この機能を 有することでライトワンスのタイミングをラベル 61の剥離により制御可能になる。 As shown in FIG. 16, in the IC tag with the write-once function of the third invention, the labels 61 are peeled off from the inlet 5 one by one at each stage of traceability. This prevents the writing of the corresponding address to the memory 16.This protects the history data at each stage of traceability, and this function makes it possible to control the write-once timing by peeling off the label 61. Become.
また、複数存在する剥離検知部によりメモリ 16のライトワンス領域を独立させている このことでトレーサビリティの各段階での履歴データの改ざんを防げるようになる。 なお、図には従来と同様な使 、方もできるようにメモリ 16に常時書き換え可能な領 域を設けている。  Further, the write-once area of the memory 16 is made independent by a plurality of peeling detecting sections. This makes it possible to prevent the falsification of the history data at each stage of the traceability. In the figure, a memory 16 is provided with a rewritable area so that it can be used and used in a conventional manner.
[0058] また、図 17に示すように、ラベル 61の接着剤や配線パターンを工夫して使用する 破損検知部の数を制御できるようになって 、る。  Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the number of breakage detection units used by devising the adhesive and the wiring pattern of the label 61 can be controlled.
図 17 (a)は、 3チャネルあるラベル 61のうち第 1チャネルを通常の剥離検知アンテ ナとして外周部に配置し、第 2、第 3チャネルは存在するもののラベル 61を剥がしても 配線は切れな!/ヽような接着剤を使用して ヽる。  In Fig. 17 (a), among the three channels of label 61, the first channel is placed on the outer periphery as a normal peel detection antenna, and the second and third channels are present, but the wiring is cut even if the label 61 is peeled. Use a glue like this!
このため第 2、第 3チャネルに対応するアドレスのメモリ 16は書き換え可能となって いる。  Therefore, the memory 16 at the address corresponding to the second and third channels is rewritable.
図 17 (b)は、 3チャネルあるラベル 61の各部分が剥離可能となっている。 図 17 (c)は、 3チャネルあるラベル 61のうち剥離可能な部分が 1箇所しか存在しな いようになっている。 [0059] 次に、第 4発明の実施の形態について説明する。 In FIG. 17 (b), each part of the label 61 having three channels is peelable. FIG. 17 (c) shows that there is only one peelable part in the label 61 having three channels. Next, an embodiment of the fourth invention will be described.
[0060] 図 18に、第 4発明を実施した発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグのブロック図を示す 発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tは、アンテナ共用器 T1の受信側端子に接続す る受信機 T2、周波数シンセサイザ Τ3、受信電圧測定器 Τ4力 なる受信回路部と、 送信側端子に接続する変調器 Τ5、送信機 Τ6からなる送信回路部と、 CPUT7、タイ マ T8、メモリ Τ9からなる制御回路部で構成される。  FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of a variable transmission cycle active type IC tag embodying the fourth invention. The variable transmission cycle active type IC tag T is a receiver T2 connected to the receiving terminal of the antenna duplexer T1. , A frequency synthesizer Τ3, a reception voltage measuring device Τ4 It consists of.
[0061] 発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Τは以上のような構成で、リーダ Ζライタ Rが発信 するプローブ電波をアンテナ共用器 T1を経由して受信機 Τ2が受信し、これに可変 周波数発振器である周波数シンセサイザ Τ3を電気的にコントロールして得られた局 部発振周波数を合成してプローブ電波を所定の周波数に変換する。 [0061] The active period variable active type IC tag 可 変 has the above configuration, and the receiver Τ2 receives the probe radio wave transmitted by the reader Ζwriter R via the antenna duplexer T1 and receives the probe radio wave by the variable frequency oscillator. A local oscillation frequency obtained by electrically controlling a certain frequency synthesizer # 3 is synthesized to convert a probe radio wave into a predetermined frequency.
プローブ電波は、リーダ Ζライタ R毎に異なる周波数チャネルが割り当てられており 、受信するときはその中から目的のリーダ Ζライタ Rの周波数を選択する必要がある。 これにより、複数のリーダ Ζライタ Rを別々のゲートに配置して個別に発信周期可変 アクティブ型 ICタグ Τの発信周期を制御できるようにして ヽる。  Different frequency channels are assigned to the probe radio for each reader / writer R, and when receiving, it is necessary to select the target reader / writer R frequency from among them. In this way, a plurality of reader / writers R are arranged at different gates so that the transmission cycle of the active IC tag can be individually controlled.
[0062] 周波数変換された後、受信電圧測定器 Τ4がプローブ電波の受信電圧を測定し、 A,D変換された受信電圧を CPUT7に入力する。 [0062] After the frequency conversion, the reception voltage measuring device 4 measures the reception voltage of the probe radio wave and inputs the A / D converted reception voltage to the CPUT7.
CPUT7は、受信電圧に応じて IDの発信周期を決定し、決定した発信周期の時間 値をセットしてハードウェアまたはソフトウェアのタイマ T8を起動する。  The CPU T7 determines the ID transmission cycle in accordance with the received voltage, sets the time value of the determined transmission cycle, and starts the hardware or software timer T8.
これにより、タイマ T8の制御で CPUT7が一定の時間間隔でメモリ T9をアクセスし て IDを読み出し、読み出した IDを変調器 T5が変調し、変調した IDを送信機 T6がァ ンテナ共用器 T1を介してリーダ Zライタ Rに送信する。  As a result, under the control of the timer T8, the CPU T7 accesses the memory T9 at regular time intervals to read the ID, modulates the read ID with the modulator T5, and modulates the modulated ID with the transmitter T6 to control the antenna duplexer T1. To Reader Z Writer R via
このときの IDの発信電波の周波数は、リーダ Zライタ R毎に周波数が異なるプロ一 ブ電波の周波数とは異なる周波数帯を使用する。  At this time, the frequency of the ID transmission radio wave is different from the frequency of the probe radio wave having a different frequency for each reader / writer R.
これにより、全ての発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tの IDの発信電波の周波数を 共通にしてリーダ/ライタ Rが複数の発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tの IDを認識 でさるよう〖こする。  This allows the reader / writer R to recognize the IDs of a plurality of transmission cycle variable active IC tags T by making the transmission radio frequency of the IDs of all transmission cycle variable active IC tags T common.
[0063] なお、リーダ Zライタ Rからのプローブ電波が一時的に途切れたときは、 CPUT7は タイマ T8の更新を停止して途切れる直前の発信周期を維持する。 [0063] When the probe radio wave from the reader Z writer R is temporarily interrupted, the CPUT7 Stop updating the timer T8 and maintain the transmission cycle immediately before the interruption.
これにより、リーダ Ζライタ Rがプローブ電波を一時停止させてゲートに向かう発信 周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Τの発信周期を一時的に制御できるようになる。  As a result, the reader / writer R can temporarily stop the probe radio wave and temporarily control the transmission cycle of the variable transmission cycle active type IC tag toward the gate.
また、リーダ Ζライタ Rからのプローブ電波が一定時間途切れたときは、 CPUT7は タイマ Τ8にあら力じめ設定した時間値をセットして所定の発信周期に戻す。  Further, when the probe radio wave from the reader / writer R is interrupted for a predetermined time, the CPUT7 sets the time value set in advance in the timer # 8 and returns to the predetermined transmission cycle.
これにより、リーダ Ζライタ Rがプローブ電波を一定時間停止させてゲートを通過し た発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Τの発信周期をリセットできるようになる。  This allows the reader / writer R to stop the probe radio wave for a certain period of time and reset the transmission cycle of the variable transmission cycle active IC tag that has passed through the gate.
[0064] リーダ Ζライタ Rは、受信した IDの正当性を検証し、 OKであればコントローラ Cにゲ ート制御などを行う制御信号を出力する。 The reader / writer R verifies the validity of the received ID, and if OK, outputs a control signal for performing gate control and the like to the controller C.
このとき、あら力じめゲート制御のタイミングを測るための基準周期を用意し、これと I Dの発信周期を比較して一致したときに制御信号を出力する。  At this time, a reference period for measuring the timing of rough gate control is prepared, and this is compared with the ID transmission period, and a control signal is output when they coincide.
これにより、ゲート制御のタイミングを適正にしてゲート制御を確実なものにすること ができる。  As a result, the timing of the gate control can be made appropriate to ensure the gate control.
[0065] 自由空間では、図 19に示すように、リーダ Zライタ Rが発信するプローブ電波の送 信電力 Pt (W)が一定の場合、発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tの受信電圧 E (V / )はリーダ Zライタ Rと発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tの間の距離 d (m)に反 比例して減衰していく。  In free space, as shown in FIG. 19, when the transmission power Pt (W) of the probe radio wave transmitted by the reader Z writer R is constant, the reception voltage E (V /) Attenuates in inverse proportion to the distance d (m) between the reader / writer R and the variable transmission cycle active type IC tag T.
その結果、発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tがリーダ Zライタ Rに近付 ヽて距離 d が短くなる(dl > d2 > d3となる)ほど、発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tの受ける 受信電圧 Eは大きくなる(E1 < E2< E3となる)。  As a result, as the distance d becomes shorter (dl> d2> d3) as the variable transmission cycle active type IC tag T approaches the reader Z writer R, the reception voltage E received by the variable transmission cycle active IC tag T increases. Becomes larger (E1 <E2 <E3).
発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tはこの受信電圧 Eを測定して IDの発信周期 tを 受信電圧 Eに反比例させて短くする(tl >t2 >t3とする)。  The active period IC tag T measures this reception voltage E and shortens the ID transmission period t in inverse proportion to the reception voltage E (set tl> t2> t3).
以上の受信電圧 Eの測定と発信周期 tの短縮操作を連続的に行うと、 IDの発信周 期 tと距離 dが直線比例するのでリーダ Zライタ Rが発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ Tの位置を正確に検出できるようになる。そのため、ゲート制御の精度がより一層向上 する。  If the above measurement of the reception voltage E and the operation of shortening the transmission cycle t are performed continuously, the ID transmission cycle t and the distance d are linearly proportional. Can be detected accurately. Therefore, the accuracy of the gate control is further improved.
[0066] 次に、第 5発明の実施の形態について説明する。  Next, an embodiment of the fifth invention will be described.
[0067] 図 20に、第 5発明を実施した ICタグ付き物品の不正持ち出し防止装置の概略図を 示す。 FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a device for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag according to the fifth invention. Show.
不正持ち出し防止装置は、ゲート S1の一方を送信側、他方を受信側として送信ァ ンテナ S2、 S3と受信アンテナ S4、 S5を対向させて配置し、それぞれに送信機 S6と 受信機 S7を接続する。また、ゲート S1の上方にアラームを表示するランプ S8を取り 付け、送信機 S6、受信機 S7およびランプ S8を一体に接続する。  The fraudulent take-out prevention device arranges transmission antennas S2, S3 and reception antennas S4, S5 facing each other, with one of the gates S1 as the transmission side and the other as the reception side, and connects the transmitter S6 and the receiver S7 respectively. . A lamp S8 for displaying an alarm is installed above the gate S1, and the transmitter S6, the receiver S7, and the lamp S8 are integrally connected.
[0068] 送信アンテナ S2はゲート S1を通過する物品 S9に付カ卩した ICタグ S10に IDの読み 取り信号を送信し、受信アンテナ S4は ICタグ S10からの応答信号を受信する。 このとき、例えば IDの読み取り信号を ASK変調方式、応答信号を FSK変調方式と するなど異なる変調方式で変調して IDの読み取り信号と応答信号を識別しやすくす る。 [0068] The transmitting antenna S2 transmits an ID reading signal to the IC tag S10 attached to the article S9 passing through the gate S1, and the receiving antenna S4 receives a response signal from the IC tag S10. At this time, the ID read signal and the response signal are modulated by different modulation methods such as the ASK modulation method and the response signal by the FSK modulation method, so that the ID read signal and the response signal can be easily distinguished.
[0069] 送信アンテナ S3は金属や手などによる通信妨害を検知するための検査信号を送 信し、受信アンテナ S5は送信アンテナ S3から送られた検査信号を受信する。  [0069] Transmitting antenna S3 transmits a test signal for detecting communication disturbance due to metal, hand, and the like, and receiving antenna S5 receives the test signal transmitted from transmitting antenna S3.
検査信号は IDの読み取り信号とは異なる搬送周波数を使用し、例えば IDの読み 取り信号の搬送周波数を 13. 56MHz帯とした場合、それとは異なる 2. 45GHz帯を 使用する。  The test signal uses a carrier frequency different from the ID read signal. For example, if the carrier frequency of the ID read signal is 13.56 MHz, a different 2.45 GHz band is used.
これにより、周波数帯によって異なる電波の特性を有効に活用して通信妨害の検 知を容易にする。  This facilitates the detection of communication interference by effectively utilizing the characteristics of radio waves that differ depending on the frequency band.
また、使用する周波数帯を複数の周波数チャネルに分割し、時分割で搬送波の周 波数を切り換えて通信できるようにする。  In addition, the frequency band to be used is divided into a plurality of frequency channels, and communication is performed by switching the frequency of the carrier wave in a time-division manner.
これにより、使用する搬送周波数の帯域を広くして電波干渉によって発生する通信 障害を回避する。  As a result, the band of the carrier frequency to be used is widened to avoid a communication failure caused by radio wave interference.
なお、送信アンテナ S2、 S3と受信アンテナ S4、 S5は 13. 56MHz帯を使用する電 磁誘導方式の場合はループコイルアンテナとなり、 2. 45GHz帯を使用するマイクロ 波方式の場合は平板に印刷されたマイクロストリップアンテナとなる。  The transmitting antennas S2 and S3 and the receiving antennas S4 and S5 are loop coil antennas in the electromagnetic induction type using the 13.56 MHz band, and are printed on a flat plate in the microwave type using the 2.45 GHz band. Microstrip antenna.
[0070] 送信機 S6と受信機 S7は、それぞれ図示しないアンテナ切換回路を内蔵して送信 アンテナ S2、 S3と受信アンテナ S4、 S5の切り換えを行い、図示しない周波数シンセ サイザを内蔵して複数の周波数チャネルに分割した送受信周波数を合成し、一定の 時間間隔で送受信周波数を切り換える。 また、送信機 S6から受信機 S7に同期信号を送出して送受信のタイミングを同期さ せる。 [0070] Transmitter S6 and receiver S7 each include a built-in antenna switching circuit (not shown) to switch between transmitting antennas S2 and S3 and receiving antennas S4 and S5, and a built-in frequency synthesizer (not shown) to transmit a plurality of frequencies. The transmission and reception frequencies divided into channels are combined, and the transmission and reception frequencies are switched at regular time intervals. Also, a synchronization signal is transmitted from the transmitter S6 to the receiver S7 to synchronize transmission / reception timing.
[0071] 図 21に、 ICタグ付き物品の不正持ち出し防止処理のフローチャートを示す。  FIG. 21 shows a flowchart of a process for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag.
まず、ステップ 301において送信機 S6が送信アンテナ S2を経由して搬送周波数 f0 で IDの読み取り信号を送信する。  First, in step 301, the transmitter S6 transmits an ID read signal at the carrier frequency f0 via the transmission antenna S2.
次に、ステップ 302において受信機 S7が受信アンテナ S4を経由して ICタグ S10か らの応答信号を受信したかどうかを判定し、受信した場合はステップ 301に戻って ID の読み取り信号の送信を繰り返す。  Next, in step 302, it is determined whether the receiver S7 has received a response signal from the IC tag S10 via the receiving antenna S4, and if so, the process returns to step 301 to transmit the ID read signal. repeat.
受信しない場合は次のステップ 303において送信機 S6が送信アンテナ S3を経由 して時分割した搬送周波数 fl〜fnで順番に検査信号を送信する。  If not received, in the next step 303, the transmitter S6 transmits the test signal in order through the transmitting antenna S3 at the carrier frequency fl to fn obtained by time division.
次に、ステップ 304において受信機 S7が受信アンテナ S5を経由して全ての搬送周 波数 f l〜fnにお 、て検査信号を受信した力どうかを判定し、受信した場合はステップ 301に戻って IDの読み取り信号の送信を繰り返す。  Next, in step 304, the receiver S7 determines whether or not the test signal has been received at all the carrier frequencies fl to fn via the receiving antenna S5, and if so, returns to step 301 and returns to step 301. The transmission of the read signal is repeated.
受信しない場合は次のステップ 305においてランプ S8を点灯してアラームを報知し 、処理を終了する。  If not received, in the next step 305, the lamp S8 is turned on to notify an alarm, and the processing is terminated.
図面の簡単な説明  Brief Description of Drawings
[0072] [図 1]第 1発明のすり替え防止機能付き ICタグの平面図である。 FIG. 1 is a plan view of an IC tag with a replacement prevention function according to the first invention.
[図 2]図 1の断面図である。  FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1.
[図 3]破断スィッチの平面図である。  FIG. 3 is a plan view of a break switch.
[図 4]図 3の断面図である。  FIG. 4 is a sectional view of FIG. 3.
[図 5]変形例の破断スィッチの平面図である。  FIG. 5 is a plan view of a break switch of a modification.
[図 6]第 1発明のすり替え防止機能付き ICタグのブロック図である。  FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the IC tag with a replacement prevention function of the first invention.
[図 7]破断スィッチの破断状態を示す図である。  FIG. 7 is a view showing a broken state of a breaking switch.
[図 8]変形例の破断スィッチの破断状態を示す図である。  FIG. 8 is a view showing a fracture state of a fracture switch of a modification.
[図 9]第 2発明の破損検知機能付き ICタグのブロック図である。  FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an IC tag with a damage detection function according to the second invention.
[図 10]破損検知機能付き ICタグの動作フローチャートである。  FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of an IC tag with a damage detection function.
[図 11]第 3発明のライトワンス機能付き ICタグの内部平面図である。  FIG. 11 is an internal plan view of the IC tag with a write-once function of the third invention.
[図 12]図 11の断面図である。 [図 13]図 11の外部平面図である。 FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. FIG. 13 is an external plan view of FIG. 11.
[図 14]第 3発明のライトワンス機能付き ICタグのブロック図である。  FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an IC tag with a write-once function according to a third invention.
[図 15]ライトワンス機能付き ICタグの動作フローチャートである。  FIG. 15 is an operation flowchart of an IC tag with a write-once function.
圆 16]ライトワンス機能付き ICタグの段階別の状態遷移図である。 [16] This is a state transition diagram for each stage of the IC tag with the write-once function.
圆 17]破損検知部の数を制御したライトワンス機能付き ICタグの概略図である。 [17] Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an IC tag with a write-once function in which the number of breakage detection units is controlled.
[図 18]第 4発明の発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグのブロック図である。  FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a variable transmission cycle active type IC tag according to a fourth invention.
圆 19]距離 dによる発信周期 tの変化を示す図である。 [19] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a change in a transmission cycle t according to a distance d.
圆 20]第 5発明の ICタグ付き物品の不正持ち出し防止装置の概略図である。 [20] Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the device for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag according to the fifth invention.
[図 21]ICタグ付き物品の不正持ち出し防止処理のフローチャートである。  FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a process for preventing unauthorized removal of an article with an IC tag.
符号の説明 Explanation of symbols
1 ICチップ  1 IC chip
11 整流回路  11 Rectifier circuit
12 復調回路  12 Demodulation circuit
13 変調回路  13 Modulation circuit
14 クロック回路  14 Clock circuit
15 CPU  15 CPU
16 メモリ  16 memory
17 AZD変  17 AZD
18 センサアンプ  18 Sensor amplifier
19 センサ  19 sensors
20 タイマ  20 timer
2 アンテナコイル  2 Antenna coil
3 破断スィッチ  3 Break switch
31 メンブレン  31 membrane
32 パッキング  32 packing
33 液貯蔵層  33 liquid storage layer
34 電極  34 electrodes
35 リード線 4 基板 35 Lead wire 4 Board
5 インレット 5 inlet
6 表面シーノレ6 Surface chinore
61 ラベノレ61 Ravenore
7 剥離紙7 Release paper
8 リーダ Zライタ8 Reader Z writer
9 アンテナコイル a 粘着剤 b インク液 c 切り込み d 細線 9 Antenna coil a Adhesive b Ink liquid c Cut d Fine wire
C コントローラ  C controller

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
[I] ICのデータ入力回路に所定以上の外力が加わると破断して回路を遮断するスイツ チを挿入し、  [I] Insert a switch that breaks and cuts off the circuit when an external force exceeding a predetermined level is applied to the data input circuit of the IC.
このスィッチの状態を入力する入力手段と、  Input means for inputting the state of the switch;
入力したスィッチの状態を応答信号に付加して送信する送信手段と、  Transmitting means for adding the input switch state to the response signal and transmitting the response signal;
を備えることを特徴とするすり替え防止機能付き ICタグ。  An IC tag with a replacement prevention function, comprising:
[2] 前記スィッチが導電性のインク液を入れた脆弱な袋で形成されたものであることを 特徴とする請求項 1記載の ICタグ。 [2] The IC tag according to claim 1, wherein the switch is formed of a fragile bag containing a conductive ink liquid.
[3] 前記スィッチ力 Sインク液を入れた脆弱な袋に導電性の細線を挿入して形成されたも のであることを特徴とする請求項 1記載の ICタグ。 3. The IC tag according to claim 1, wherein the IC tag is formed by inserting a conductive thin wire into a fragile bag containing the switching force S ink liquid.
[4] 前記スィッチ力 Sインク液を入れた脆弱な導電性の袋で形成されたものであることを 特徴とする請求項 1記載の ICタグ。 4. The IC tag according to claim 1, wherein the IC tag is formed of a fragile conductive bag containing the switching force S ink liquid.
[5] 前記スィッチは底面をインレットの基板に固着し、上面を表面シールに粘着して取り 付けらたものであることを特徴とする請求項 1記載の ICタグ。 5. The IC tag according to claim 1, wherein the switch has a bottom surface fixed to an inlet substrate and a top surface attached to a surface seal by adhesion.
[6] 前記スィッチの底面が接するインレットの基板にはあら力じめ弱め線が形成されて[6] A weakening line is formed on the inlet substrate with which the bottom surface of the switch contacts.
V、ることを特徴とする請求項 5記載の ICタグ。 V. The IC tag according to claim 5, wherein
[7] 前記スィッチ周辺のインレットの基板表面にはインク液を吸着する表面力卩ェが施さ れて 、ることを特徴とする請求項 5記載の ICタグ。 7. The IC tag according to claim 5, wherein a surface force for adsorbing an ink liquid is applied to a surface of the substrate of the inlet around the switch.
[8] 前記スィッチ周辺のインレットの基板表面にはインク液を吸着する塗料が塗布され て 、ることを特徴とする請求項 5記載の ICタグ。 8. The IC tag according to claim 5, wherein a paint that absorbs an ink liquid is applied to a substrate surface of the inlet around the switch.
[9] 前記スィッチ周辺のインレットの基板表面にはインク液を吸着するテープが貼られ て 、ることを特徴とする請求項 1記載の ICタグ。 [9] The IC tag according to claim 1, wherein a tape for adsorbing an ink liquid is attached to a surface of the substrate of the inlet around the switch.
[10] センサに接続すべきアナログ入力端子を備える AZD変 を ICに内蔵し、 [10] Built-in AZD converter with analog input terminal to be connected to the sensor in the IC,
このアナログ入力端子に所定以上の外力が加わると破損するスィッチを接続し、 このスィッチが破損するとセンサからの入力を不能にすることを特徴とする破損検知 機能付き ICタグ。  An IC tag with a damage detection function, characterized in that a switch that is damaged when an external force greater than a predetermined value is applied to this analog input terminal is connected, and that input from the sensor is disabled if the switch is damaged.
[I I] 前記センサ力 の入力を履歴データとしてメモリに保存し、  [I I] The input of the sensor force is stored in the memory as history data,
前記スィッチが破損したときは同時にそれまでメモリに保存した履歴データを凍結 することを特徴とする請求項 10記載の ICタグ。 When the switch is damaged, the history data stored in the memory is frozen at the same time. The IC tag according to claim 10, wherein the IC tag is used.
[12] 前記センサ力 の入力が規定外のときは異常データとして正常データとは別にメモ リに保存することを特徴とする請求項 10記載の ICタグ。 12. The IC tag according to claim 10, wherein when the input of the sensor force is out of a specified range, the data is stored as abnormal data in a memory separately from normal data.
[13] 前記センサ力 の入力が振動データの場合、予め設定した正常波形パターンと入 力した振動データの波形パターンを常時照合し、不一致のときはそれを異常データ とすることを特徴とする請求項 12記載の ICタグ。 [13] When the input of the sensor force is vibration data, a preset normal waveform pattern and a waveform pattern of the input vibration data are constantly collated, and when they do not match, the data is regarded as abnormal data. Item 12. The IC tag according to item 12.
[14] 前記センサが対象の状態に応じて電気的アナログ量が変化する時間センサ、温度 センサ、湿度センサまたは振動センサの 、ずれかであることを特徴とする請求項 10 記載の ICタグ。 14. The IC tag according to claim 10, wherein the sensor is one of a time sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a vibration sensor in which an electric analog amount changes according to a target state.
[15] 前記時間センサが酸化の進行に伴って電気抵抗が変化する材料で形成されてい ることを特徴とする請求項 14記載の ICタグ。  15. The IC tag according to claim 14, wherein the time sensor is formed of a material whose electric resistance changes as oxidation proceeds.
[16] 前記温度センサが温度により熱起電力または電気抵抗が変化する材料で形成され て 、ることを特徴とする請求項 14記載の ICタグ。 16. The IC tag according to claim 14, wherein the temperature sensor is formed of a material whose thermoelectromotive force or electric resistance changes depending on temperature.
[17] 前記湿度センサが湿度により静電容量または電気抵抗が変化する材料で形成され て 、ることを特徴とする請求項 14記載の ICタグ。 17. The IC tag according to claim 14, wherein the humidity sensor is formed of a material whose capacitance or electric resistance changes depending on humidity.
[18] 前記振動センサが振動により結合構造が緩み電気抵抗が変化する材料で形成さ れて 、ることを特徴とする請求項 14記載の ICタグ。 18. The IC tag according to claim 14, wherein the vibration sensor is formed of a material whose coupling structure is loosened by vibration and whose electric resistance changes.
[19] インレットの表面基材に装着された剥離可能なラベルと、 [19] a peelable label mounted on the surface substrate of the inlet,
このラベルを剥離すると破損するようにセットされたスィッチと、  A switch set to be broken when this label is peeled off,
このスィッチが破損すると書き込みが禁止されるメモリと、  If this switch is damaged, write-protected memory and
を備えて成ることを特徴とするライトワンス機能付き ICタグ。  An IC tag with a write-once function, comprising:
[20] 前記ラベルを剥離すると剥離した部分が視覚的に確認できるマークが記されている ことを特徴とする請求項 19記載の ICタグ。 20. The IC tag according to claim 19, wherein a mark that allows a visually confirmed portion of the peeled-off label to be peeled off is provided.
[21] 前記ラベルを複数設け、 [21] A plurality of the labels are provided,
各ラベルに対応して前記スィッチとメモリを割り当て、  Allocate the switch and the memory corresponding to each label,
これらのラベルを剥離する毎に対応するスィッチが破損して対応するメモリへの書き 込みが禁止されることを特徴とする請求項 19記載の ICタグ。  20. The IC tag according to claim 19, wherein each time the label is peeled, the corresponding switch is damaged and writing to the corresponding memory is prohibited.
[22] 前記スィッチが導電性の液を入れた脆弱な袋で形成されたものであることを特徴と する請求項 19記載の ICタグ。 [22] The switch is formed of a fragile bag filled with a conductive liquid, 20. The IC tag according to claim 19, wherein:
[23] 前記スィッチが導電性の細線で形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項 19記 載の ICタグ。 23. The IC tag according to claim 19, wherein said switch is formed of a conductive thin wire.
[24] 前記スィッチが導電性の薄膜で形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項 19記 載の ICタグ。  24. The IC tag according to claim 19, wherein said switch is formed of a conductive thin film.
[25] 前記スィッチが底面をインレットの基板に固着し、頂面を表面基材に粘着して取り 付けたものであることを特徴とする請求項 19記載の ICタグ。  25. The IC tag according to claim 19, wherein the switch has a bottom surface fixed to an inlet substrate and a top surface adhered to a surface base material.
[26] 前記スィッチが破損して書き込みが禁止されたメモリに対してそれまで記録したデ ータを全て消去する機能が付加されて 、ることを特徴とする請求項 19記載の ICタグ 26. The IC tag according to claim 19, wherein a function of erasing all data recorded so far is added to a memory in which the switch is damaged and writing is prohibited.
[27] 一定の発信周期で IDを発信する発信手段と、 [27] Transmission means for transmitting an ID at a fixed transmission cycle,
質問器の発信電波を受信する受信手段と、  Receiving means for receiving the radio wave transmitted by the interrogator;
受信した質問器の発信電波の受信電圧を測定する測定手段と、  Measuring means for measuring the received voltage of the transmitted radio wave of the interrogator,
測定した受信電圧に応じて前記発信周期を変更する変更手段と、  Changing means for changing the transmission cycle according to the measured reception voltage,
を備えることを特徴とする発信周期可変アクティブ型 ICタグ。  A variable transmission cycle active type IC tag comprising:
[28] 前記 IDの発信電波と質問器の発信電波の周波数が異なることを特徴とする請求項 27記載の ICタグ。 28. The IC tag according to claim 27, wherein the frequency of the radio wave transmitted by the ID and the frequency of the radio wave transmitted by the interrogator are different.
[29] 前記質問器の発信電波が一時的に途切れたときは直前の発信周期を維持すること を特徴とする請求項 27記載の ICタグ。  29. The IC tag according to claim 27, wherein when the radio wave transmitted from said interrogator is temporarily interrupted, the immediately preceding transmission cycle is maintained.
[30] 前記質問器の発信電波が一定時間途切れたときはあらかじめ設定した発信周期に 戻ることを特徴とする請求項 27記載の ICタグ。 30. The IC tag according to claim 27, wherein when the transmission radio wave of the interrogator is interrupted for a predetermined time, the transmission cycle returns to a preset transmission cycle.
[31] 前記質問器の発信電波の周波数は 1以上の周波数チャネルの中から選択可能で あることを特徴とする請求項 27記載の ICタグ。 31. The IC tag according to claim 27, wherein the frequency of the radio wave transmitted from said interrogator can be selected from one or more frequency channels.
[32] 前記測定手段が連続的に測定した受信電圧に応じて前記変更手段が前記発信周 期を連続的に変化させることを特徴とする請求項 27記載の ICタグ。 32. The IC tag according to claim 27, wherein said changing means continuously changes said transmission period in accordance with a reception voltage continuously measured by said measuring means.
[33] ゲートに設置したアンテナとゲートを通過する ICタグが通信する第 1の通信手段と、 ゲートに設置したアンテナ同士が通信する第 2の通信手段と、 [33] A first communication means for communicating between an antenna installed at the gate and an IC tag passing through the gate, a second communication means for communicating between antennas installed at the gate,
前記第 1の通信手段が通信不能を検知したときは前記第 2の通信手段に切り換え る切換手段と、 Switching to the second communication means when the first communication means detects a communication failure Switching means,
切り換え後に前記第 2の通信手段が通信不能を検知したときはアラームを報知する 報知手段と、  Notifying means for notifying an alarm when the second communication means detects communication failure after the switching,
を備えることを特徴とする ICタグ付き物品の不正持ち出し防止装置。  A device for preventing unauthorized removal of articles with an IC tag, comprising:
[34] 前記第 1の通信手段と第 2の通信手段の通信周波数が異なることを特徴とする請求 項 33記載の不正持ち出し防止装置。 34. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein a communication frequency of the first communication unit is different from a communication frequency of the second communication unit.
[35] 前記第 1の通信手段と第 2の通信手段は通信時に送受信のタイミングを同期させる ことを特徴とする請求項 33記載の不正持ち出し防止装置。 35. The unauthorized access prevention device according to claim 33, wherein the first communication unit and the second communication unit synchronize transmission / reception timing during communication.
[36] 前記第 2の通信手段は複数の周波数チャネルを時分割で切り換えて通信すること を特徴とする請求項 33記載の不正持ち出し防止装置。 36. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the second communication means performs communication by switching a plurality of frequency channels in a time-division manner.
PCT/JP2005/007860 2004-04-28 2005-04-26 Ic tag and dishonest taking prevention device using ic tag WO2005106782A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004-132420 2004-04-28
JP2004132420A JP2005316628A (en) 2004-04-28 2004-04-28 Ic tag with replacement prevention function
JP2004-137251 2004-05-06
JP2004137251A JP2005321853A (en) 2004-05-06 2004-05-06 Variable transmission cycle active tag
JP2004140829A JP2005322119A (en) 2004-05-11 2004-05-11 Device for preventing illegal taking of article equipped with ic tag
JP2004-140829 2004-05-11
JP2004324985A JP2006134223A (en) 2004-11-09 2004-11-09 Ic tag with damage detection function
JP2004-324985 2004-11-09
JP2004-344726 2004-11-29
JP2004344726A JP2006155237A (en) 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 Ic tag with write-once function

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