WO2005098490A1 - 光導波路、光導波路モジュールおよび光導波路の作成方法 - Google Patents
光導波路、光導波路モジュールおよび光導波路の作成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005098490A1 WO2005098490A1 PCT/JP2005/006169 JP2005006169W WO2005098490A1 WO 2005098490 A1 WO2005098490 A1 WO 2005098490A1 JP 2005006169 W JP2005006169 W JP 2005006169W WO 2005098490 A1 WO2005098490 A1 WO 2005098490A1
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- optical waveguide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2552—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends
Definitions
- Optical waveguide optical waveguide module, and method for producing optical waveguide
- the present invention relates to miniaturization of optical components, and more particularly, to an optical waveguide, an optical waveguide module, and a method of changing the optical waveguide direction, which can change the direction of optical waveguide with a very small size.
- the operating speed of an electric circuit is approaching the operating speed of an optical transmission circuit.
- further increasing the operating speed of the electric circuit has a higher fundamental barrier than improving the operating speed of the optical transmission circuit. This is because the time constant due to the capacitance attached to the electric circuit increases at high speed operation. Therefore, in order to partially supplement the high-speed operation of electric circuits with optical transmission lines, research and development for fusing electric circuits and optical circuits are being actively conducted.
- a VCSEL Very Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
- an optical signal emitted from the VCSEL is incident on an optical fiber or an optical waveguide, propagates, and is mounted on an electric board.
- the light is received by the PD (photodiode) and the signal is transmitted.
- a method of embedding the optical fiber / optical waveguide in the electric circuit board itself and a method of using an optical fiber or an optical waveguide between a plurality of electric circuit boards instead of the current electric code are being studied.
- an organic waveguide sheet a typical waveguide sheet is a polyimide waveguide sheet
- an optical fiber sheet has been proposed. I have.
- VCSEL is a surface emitting laser, and the emission direction of the laser light is perpendicular to the mounted electric circuit board. If the mounting direction of the laser is perpendicular to the electric circuit board, the emission direction of the laser light will be parallel to the electric circuit board. It spoils and is not usually used.
- an optical waveguide or an optical fiber embedded in an electric circuit board guides light in a direction parallel to the electric circuit board
- the laser light emitted from the VCSEL is coupled to the optical waveguide or the optical fiber.
- a 90 degree change in the optical waveguide direction is required.
- an end face of an optical fiber or a waveguide is polished to 45 degrees, and the polished surface is subjected to metal deposition or the like to form a mirror, and a 90-degree conversion is performed.
- a method and a method of performing conversion using a mirror having a 45-degree angle are being studied.
- the application area is different from the necessity of the conversion of the optical waveguide direction of 90 degrees as described above, for example, in the case of FTTH, the power of wiring an optical fiber in a user's house is used. Due to the problem of optical characteristics, it is not possible to bend the fiber within a few cm or less.Therefore, it is necessary to secure a space to bend the optical fiber gently at the corner of the room or at the hole where the optical fiber is introduced indoors In addition, the arrangement of furniture and the indoor scenery are impaired. On the other hand, in recent years, optical fibers that can be mechanically and optically bent even with a minimum bending radius of 15 mm have been developed.
- the diameter of the optical fiber in the thinned part is several / zm or more: about LO m.
- the bending strain due to the bending is less than 1%. It becomes possible to bend sufficiently mechanically.
- optically it is not possible to optically confine light only by the thin fiber, but the combination of the thin optical fiber and the environment outside, that is, air, makes the core an optical fiber and the cladding an environment. It becomes a relation of (air), which functions equivalently as a waveguide with an ultra-high equivalent refractive index difference of several tens of percent, and can be bent even with a small bending radius without loss of light.
- Patent Document 1 US Patent Publication No. 2003 / 0165291A1
- Patent Document 2 U.S. Patent No. 5138676
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2000-329950
- Non-Patent Document 1 Oki, et al. "60bps Class Parallel Optical Interconnect Module (ParaBIT-1F
- Non-Patent Document 2 Shimizu, et al. "Optical IZO Built-in System LSI Module (3) Optical Coupling System Design"
- Non-Patent Document 3 Sasaki, et al. "Optical IZO Built-in System LSI Module (5) Development of Board-Mounted Connector” 2003 IEICE Electronics Society Conference C -3-1 27
- the optical fiber or the waveguide is regulated.
- the light after the light is converted in the 90-degree direction from the core of the optical fiber or the waveguide, the light propagates in a medium that does not have a waveguide structure, so that the beam diameter expands and good coupling is obtained. Is difficult.
- the reduction of the optical loss at the bent portion is basically based on the fact that the external environment acts as a clad, and is sensitive to changes in the external environment. In other words, if moisture condenses on this small diameter portion due to environmental humidity and temperature fluctuations, the light at the minute bending portion due to the pseudo ultra-high ⁇ Confinement no longer works.
- the optical loss of the organic waveguide sheet at the current technical level is about 0.2 dBZcm. With a very large transmission of 15 cm, the optical power is reduced by 3 dB, that is, less than half.
- the optical signal is considered to travel a distance of about several tens of cm to about lm.
- the transmission loss of the waveguide alone results in a maximum optical loss of about 20 dB.
- organic waveguides After all, if optical transmission is performed using organic waveguides at the current technology level, it will be limited to short-distance transmission. In addition, the characteristics of the organic waveguide fluctuate depending on the temperature, and the long-term reliability in a high-temperature and high-humidity state such as an electric circuit is lower than that of an optical fiber.
- the optical fiber sheet is formed by arranging a plurality of optical fibers between two flexible plastic films, and the characteristics are determined by the optical fibers.
- the transmission loss of the optical fiber is about 0.2 dB / km, which is far smaller than that of the organic waveguide, which is 0.2 dBZcm.
- the transmission loss is negligibly small at distances of up to several meters, such as transmission at a distance.
- the transmission loss increases by several dB to several tens of dBZkm.For example, even a loss of 500 dBZZkm is about 0.5 dBZm, which is a low loss of about 1Z40 compared to an organic waveguide. At a distance of a few meters at the maximum, the transmission loss is still small and poses no practical problem.
- the wired optical fibers intersect.
- optical loss occurs depending on the degree of the intersection.
- modify the wiring shape Power that can be considered to be inserted Such a measure reduces yield and leads to further cost increase.
- wiring on the sheet has a problem that the bending radius cannot be reduced due to the optical and mechanical strength of the optical fiber.
- a silica-based optical fiber has a fear that if the bending radius is 15 mm or less, there is a concern about an increase in optical loss and mechanical destruction. Therefore, it is necessary to wire with a radius larger than that, and it is necessary to reduce the size of the optical fiber sheet. It is difficult, and the wiring shape is limited.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000-329950 proposes to use a carbon fiber coated optical fiber surface with carbon. There is a problem that the difference in color cannot be discriminated even if the fiber coated with carbon is colored by coating the fiber with black surface.
- the optical fiber When an optical fiber sheet is buried in an electric circuit board to produce an opto-electric fusion board, the optical fiber generates a microbend due to unevenness on the surface of the electric circuit board. This is easy to understand if small irregularities hit the side surface of the optical fiber and generate lateral pressure, causing continuous fine bending in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber. Such microbend loss may also occur when the temperature of the optical fiber sheet alone is lowered. This is caused by the fact that the flexible plastic film forming the sheet shrinks at a low temperature, and the optical fiber is glass, so that the optical fiber is glass and the shrinkage is small.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. Its purpose is to reduce the number of parts, eliminate the need for alignment, convert the light waveguide direction in a very small part, and be insensitive to external environmental changes, and do not require a special protection mechanism such as hermetic sealing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waveguide, an optical waveguide module, and a method for converting the optical waveguide direction.
- a first aspect of the optical waveguide of the present invention is an optical waveguide having a core and a clad, in which a desired portion is heated and processing strain is caused. Move to open state. Then, the optical waveguide is shifted into the processing strain state by being bent in a curved shape at a predetermined bending radius at the portion shifted to the processing strain release state.
- the portion of the optical waveguide to be used is heated to a temperature within the range from the bending point to the softening point, and the state is shifted to the processing strain state. It is an optical waveguide.
- a third aspect of the optical waveguide of the present invention is an optical waveguide which is an optical fiber whose outer diameter is 50 ⁇ m or more.
- the material of the optical fiber includes quartz, all plastic, plastic clad and the like.
- a fourth aspect of the optical waveguide of the present invention is an optical waveguide in which the outer diameter of an optical waveguide to be used is 10 times or more the mode field diameter.
- a fifth aspect of the optical waveguide of the present invention is an optical waveguide in which a bending radius of an optical waveguide to be used is not more than 5. Omm.
- the difference ⁇ in equivalent refractive index between the core and the clad of the optical waveguide used is in the range of 0.8% or more and 3.5% or less, and preferably, The optical waveguide is in the range of 0% or more and 3.0% or less.
- the equivalent refractive index difference refers to a refractive index difference between the maximum refractive index of a portion serving as a core and the refractive index of a portion serving as an effective cladding.
- the refractive index profile of the optical fiber is not particularly limited, such as a single-peak profile and a W-shaped profile.
- any one of the above-described optical waveguides is a plurality of optical waveguides, and the optical waveguides are arranged in an array, and at least a part of the optical waveguides is arranged.
- an optical waveguide module fixed to a member provided with a positioning mechanism.
- an optical waveguide in which at least one end of any one of the above-described optical waveguides has an equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between a core and a clad of 0.2% or more.
- a third mode of the optical waveguide module according to the present invention is an optical waveguide module fixed in a state of being wired on one sheet of any one of the optical waveguides described above.
- a fourth aspect of the optical waveguide module of the present invention is an optical waveguide module fixed in a state of being wired between at least one of the above-described optical waveguides and at least two sheets.
- a fifth aspect of the optical waveguide module according to the present invention is an optical waveguide module in which a plurality of optical waveguides are used and fixed in a wired state.
- a sixth aspect of the optical waveguide module of the present invention is an optical waveguide module in which the material of the sheet to be used is a flexible material.
- this material include polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, low- or high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, nylon 6, nylon 66, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, poly4-methylpentene, and polychloride. Films such as bilidene, plasticizani polyvinyl chloride, polyetherester copolymer, ethylene butyl acetate copolymer, and flexible polyurethane are used.
- a desired portion of the optical waveguide is heated, and the portion is shifted to a processing strain released state.
- the method is a method of forming an optical waveguide which is bent into a predetermined bending radius at the corresponding portion of the optical waveguide which has shifted to the processing strain state, and shifts to the processing strain state in that state.
- the optical waveguide used here is an optical fiber, and the material is made of all plastic or plastic clad, so that it can be bent to a small degree without bending loss. Also, the work at a high temperature as in the case of a silica-based optical fiber becomes unnecessary.
- a desired portion can be bent at a desired radius and the optical waveguide direction can be changed to a predetermined angle while reducing connection loss due to fusion splicing. Further, the size of the optical waveguide module can be reduced by using them.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of bending an optical waveguide using arc discharge.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of Embodiments 3 and 5 of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of Embodiment 6 of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an optical waveguide module in which arrayed optical waveguides are fixed to members.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of Embodiment 2 of the optical waveguide module of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of Embodiment 2 of the optical waveguide module of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an optical fiber sheet.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram in which the optical waveguide direction changing module is applied to corner wiring in a house.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram in which the optical waveguide direction changing module is applied to an electro-optical circuit fusion board. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a first embodiment of the optical waveguide of the present invention. That is, the optical waveguide is bent at a predetermined radius in a state where a desired portion of the optical waveguide is heated to a high temperature (between a bent store and a softened point) by arc discharge.
- the bent portion of this optical waveguide is bent in a high temperature state, and after being bent, is brought to a room temperature environment, so that there is no distortion due to bending. sand That is, it is processed so that the bent state becomes the initial state.
- the processed state force deforms and generates strain and breaks, but by bending the processed state into a bent state, no strain occurs and no break occurs.
- a desired portion of the optical waveguide may be heated by any means such as heating by arc discharge, heating by a burner, and heating by a furnace.
- the purpose is to bend simultaneously with heating. This is to release the distortion while performing the kage.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing third and fifth embodiments of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- the optical waveguide direction is changed in a very small space, but the physical size of the optical waveguide to be used defines a practically usable size.
- the outer diameter a of the optical waveguide is 50 m or more.
- the bending radius R is less than 5. Omm. That is, it is physically impossible to bend the bending radius R at 50 m for an optical waveguide having an outer diameter a of 50 m. Also, since it is not easy to handle an optical waveguide with an outer diameter a of less than 50 m, it is easy to handle by defining an optical waveguide with a minimum outer diameter a of 50 m and used as a bending radius. The structure is such that it is physically bent by setting it to 10 times the minimum outer diameter of the optical waveguide.
- An optical waveguide having an outer diameter a of 125 ⁇ m is an outer diameter that is compatible with a typical optical waveguide currently used in general. Therefore, by using this outer diameter, the present invention can be used.
- the scope of application can be greatly expanded.
- the bending radius R is set to 5.Omm or less, the advantage of adopting the method of the present invention can be utilized. In other words, when the bending radius R is more than 5. Omm, when a small-diameter optical fiber is used, breakage does not occur depending on the bending radius and the strain relief processing of the present invention may not be required. If the minimum outer diameter a is 50 m, the strain relief processing of the present invention is required even if the minimum outer diameter a is 50 m.
- an optical fiber having an outer diameter a of 80 ⁇ m is bent to 90 degrees with a bending radius R of 1 mm.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a sixth embodiment of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad of the optical waveguide is in the range of 0.8% to 3.5%, preferably ⁇ is in the range of 1.0% to 3.0%. That is, in a commonly used optical waveguide, the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad is usually around 0.3%.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ is in the range of 0.8% or more and 3.5% or less, preferably ⁇ force ⁇ .
- the optical loss at the bending portion can be suppressed to 0.5 dB or less. 3.
- a high equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ exceeding 5% a force that can reduce bending loss even if the bending radius is 0.5 mm or less.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ be in the range of 1.5% or more and 3.5% or less.
- an optical fiber having an equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ of 2.5% is used for bending 90 degrees with an outer diameter a of 80 m and a bending radius R of lmm.
- the wavelength used is 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a first embodiment of the optical waveguide module of the present invention.
- the optical waveguide module of this aspect is an optical waveguide module in which the optical waveguides of the present invention are arrayed, and the direction of the optical waveguide can be changed collectively for a large number of channels.
- the module of the present invention Since the force portion is an optical waveguide whose characteristics are compatible with those of a general optical waveguide, a connection with excellent characteristics to an external device becomes possible.
- an optical fiber having an outer diameter a of 80 m and an equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ of 2.5% is fixed to a member provided with a positioning mechanism.
- a 90-degree optical waveguide direction change is performed from the input to the output, and the polished end faces are polished by tilting the input and output by 4 degrees with respect to the 90-degree plane.
- the number is 12 in a horizontal line at 125 ⁇ m intervals.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a second embodiment of the optical waveguide module of the present invention.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad is in the range of 0.8% or more and 3.5% or less, preferably in the range of 1.0% or more and 3.0% or less.
- a fusion splicing is performed, and the fusion spliced portion is heated to reduce the mismatch of the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad and the mismatch of the mode field diameter, and to heat and bend the desired portion of the optical waveguide.
- Waveguide module
- the equivalent refractive index of the core ⁇ cladding is equivalent to that of a general optical waveguide. And different. Further, since the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ is also different, there is a difference between the mode field diameter of the general optical waveguide and the mode field diameter of the optical waveguide used in the optical waveguide direction changing portion of the present invention.
- connection loss due to the diameter difference occurs at the connection portion.
- the mode field diameter of a general optical waveguide differs depending on the wavelength used, but is about 10 m, and the mode field diameter of the optical waveguide used in the optical waveguide direction changing portion of the present invention is about 3 / zm. is there. If the connection is made with this diameter difference, the connection loss will be 5 dB or more.
- a general optical fiber is connected to an external device, and then connected to the optical waveguide direction conversion unit of the present invention. That is effective.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad is in the range of 0.8% or more and 3.5% or less, preferably 1% or less.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the first optical waveguide within the range of 0% or more and 3.0% or less and the core and the clad is 0.2% or less.
- the return loss can be reduced. It is increased to suppress connection loss. With this method, the return loss was more than 50 dB and the splice loss was about 0.2 dB.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ is 2.5%
- the optical waveguide mode according to the wavelength used is single.
- the outer diameter a is 80 m on one side, and the equivalent refractive index difference is ⁇ 0.35%.
- the optical fiber in which the optical waveguide mode becomes a single mode was fusion-spliced, and the fusion spliced portion was heated with a gas burner to reduce the mismatch of the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ and the mismatch of the mode field diameter.
- the operating wavelength is 1.3 m. According to the measurement results, the return loss was 50 dB or more, and the connection loss was 0.2 dB.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a second embodiment of the optical waveguide module of the present invention.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad is in the range of 0.8% to 3.5%, preferably in the range of 1.0% to 3.0%.
- a second optical waveguide having an equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad of 0.2% or more is provided at both ends of the first optical waveguide.
- a fusion splicing is performed, and the fusion spliced portion is heated to reduce the mismatch of the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad and the mismatch of the mode field diameter, and to heat and bend the desired portion of the optical waveguide.
- Waveguide module
- an optical waveguide compatible with the characteristics of a general optical waveguide is fusion-spliced to only one side of the optical waveguide direction changing portion, and the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ is obtained by heating the connecting portion.
- an optical waveguide compatible with the characteristics of a general optical waveguide is fusion-spliced to both sides of the optical waveguide direction changing portion, and the connection portion is heated. Mismatch of equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ and mismatch of mode field diameter Is reduced. This facilitates connection to an external device on either side of the optical waveguide direction changing unit.
- the outer diameter a is 80 ⁇ m
- the bending radius R is lmm
- bending is 90 degrees
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ is 2.5%
- the optical waveguide mode according to the wavelength used is a single mode.
- the outer diameter a is 80 m on both sides
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ is 0.35%
- An optical fiber whose waveguide mode is a single mode is fusion spliced, and the fusion spliced part is heated with a gas parner to reduce the mismatch of the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ and the mismatch of the mode field diameter.
- the operating wavelength is 1.3 m.
- the return loss was 50 dB or more, and the connection loss was about 0.4 dB.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing fourth to sixth embodiments of the optical waveguide module according to the present invention.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the core and the clad of the optical waveguide incorporated in the sheet is set to a range of 0.8% or more and 3.5% or less.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ between the force core and the cladding using an optical fiber with a general outer diameter of 125 ⁇ m in the outer diameter of the glass part and 250 ⁇ m in the coating outer diameter is 2.5%.
- An optical waveguide with a very large equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ , which is different from the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ of a general single mode optical fiber of about 0.3%, is used.
- an optical waveguide module is manufactured using such an optical fiber having a large equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ as compared with the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ of a general single-mode optical fiber, the optical waveguide module Even if undulation or bending is applied, the loss due to it is reduced.
- an optical waveguide module using a general optical fiber is sandwiched between two pieces of sandpaper and pressed, and the loss fluctuation test is performed as it is in a temperature cycle of -40 ° C to + 80 ° C. The result was very bad, with a maximum loss of about 20 dB at a low temperature of 40 ° C, but the conditions were the same except that the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ was 2.5%.
- the maximum loss variation due to a temperature cycle of 40 ° C to + 80 ° C was about 0.1 dB, and almost no loss variation appeared.
- the optical waveguide module of the present invention can be used in combination with the optical waveguide direction conversion element of the previous invention to achieve electro-optical fusion with good optical transmission characteristics and connection characteristics.
- the lowest value of the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ used in the optical waveguide direction changing element of the previous invention is taken into consideration in consideration of the connectivity with the optical waveguide direction changing element of the previous invention. Yes 1.5% or more.
- ⁇ is set to 3.5% or less in consideration of the need for positional accuracy and the connectivity with the optical waveguide direction changing element of the previous invention.
- the outer diameter a of the glass part may be made smaller.
- the outer diameter is too small, light trapped in the core escapes because the clad is too thin. Transmission loss occurs. Therefore, the transmission loss can be suppressed by setting the clad diameter, that is, the outer diameter of the optical fiber to be at least 10 times the mode field diameter.
- the equivalent refractive index difference ⁇ is 1. Above 5%, the maximum loss fluctuation is about 0.1 dB, which is a very good characteristic, with the optical fiber outer diameter a being 50 ⁇ m and the mode field diameter being 5 ⁇ m. It was confirmed that.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram in which the optical waveguide module of the present invention is applied to corner wiring in a house.
- the wiring of the optical waveguide at the corner of the room in the house or the like has conventionally required a minimum bending radius of several cm, which is the minimum bending radius of the optical waveguide, but by using the optical waveguide module of the present invention, Square wiring is possible with a size of lcm or less.
- b in FIG. 8 indicates that bending at 90 degrees is possible.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing an optical waveguide module of the present invention applied to an electro-optical circuit fusion board.
- the electro-optic fusion board is an optical waveguide module sandwiched between two electric circuit boards.
- the optical waveguide module according to the present invention is attached to an end portion of a 90-degree direction optical waveguide direction conversion part on the electric circuit board surface of the optical waveguide module.
- a desired portion can be bent at a desired radius and the optical waveguide direction can be changed to a predetermined angle while reducing connection loss due to fusion splicing. Furthermore, they can be used to reduce the size of the optical waveguide module, which has high industrial utility value.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05727267A EP1736805A4 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2005-03-30 | OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE AND METHOD FOR MAKING OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES |
US11/547,610 US20070183730A1 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2005-03-30 | Optical waveguide, optical waveguide module and method for forming optical waveguide |
CN2005800178183A CN1973221B (zh) | 2004-04-05 | 2005-03-30 | 光波导、光波导模块以及光波导的制作方法 |
US13/016,580 US8014644B2 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2011-01-28 | Optical waveguide, optical waveguide module and method for forming optical waveguide |
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JP2004-111211 | 2004-04-05 | ||
JP2004111211A JP2005292718A (ja) | 2004-04-05 | 2004-04-05 | 光導波路、光導波路モジュールおよび光導波路の作成方法 |
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US11/547,610 A-371-Of-International US20070183730A1 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2005-03-30 | Optical waveguide, optical waveguide module and method for forming optical waveguide |
US13/016,580 Continuation US8014644B2 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2011-01-28 | Optical waveguide, optical waveguide module and method for forming optical waveguide |
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WO2005098490A1 true WO2005098490A1 (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
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US (2) | US20070183730A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1736805A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005292718A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1973221B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005098490A1 (ja) |
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JP2015102663A (ja) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-06-04 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 屈曲光ファイバの製造方法 |
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JPWO2017022085A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-04 | 2018-05-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光接続部品 |
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US11352612B2 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2022-06-07 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Manufacturing of alkaline phosphatases |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005292718A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
US20110135261A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
EP1736805A4 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
CN1973221B (zh) | 2010-07-28 |
CN1973221A (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
US20070183730A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
US8014644B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
EP1736805A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
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