WO2005095580A1 - Microorganism controlling plant disease and plant disease controlling agent using the same - Google Patents

Microorganism controlling plant disease and plant disease controlling agent using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005095580A1
WO2005095580A1 PCT/JP2005/005827 JP2005005827W WO2005095580A1 WO 2005095580 A1 WO2005095580 A1 WO 2005095580A1 JP 2005005827 W JP2005005827 W JP 2005005827W WO 2005095580 A1 WO2005095580 A1 WO 2005095580A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant
plant disease
strain
controlling agent
ferm
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PCT/JP2005/005827
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Katsuhiko Matsuzaki
Takahiro Kawabata
Kazuyoshi Koike
Masashi Nakamura
Zenichi Moromizato
Tetsuya Takushi
Original Assignee
Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2004097932A external-priority patent/JP2005278526A/en
Priority claimed from JP2004315602A external-priority patent/JP2006124337A/en
Application filed by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. filed Critical Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2005095580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005095580A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • A01N61/02—Mineral oils; Tar oils; Tar; Distillates, extracts or conversion products thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/36—Penicillium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microorganism for controlling plant diseases, a plant disease controlling agent using the same, and a method for controlling plant diseases.
  • biological control methods use interactions between living organisms in the natural world, and have low environmental loads.
  • a biological control method for example, a control method using a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus that antagonizes a plant pathogenic bacterium (see Patent Document 1) or a bacterium belonging to the genus Talalomyces (a type of filamentous fungus) that antagonizes an anthrax bacterium is used.
  • a control method see Patent Document 2
  • spores of filamentous fungi are produced in large quantities and have high productivity, but control includes spores of filamentous fungi that are relatively more susceptible to changes in the external environment than chemical agents.
  • the survival time of the spores of the filamentous fungus may be shortened. Therefore, some care had to be taken when handling plant disease control agents including spores of filamentous fungi.
  • the microorganism when a plant disease is controlled using a microorganism, the microorganism must be sprayed on a plant or the like and brought into contact with the pathogenic bacterium in question.
  • the microorganisms can be sprayed directly.However, they are dispersed in auxiliary ingredients such as clay minerals to facilitate spraying, and a surfactant is added to formulate a wettable powder, and the formulation is dissolved in water when used. It is often sprayed by spraying.
  • auxiliary components of the wettable powder sometimes remain on the surface of the crop and look like dirt.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses an entomopathogenic composition using paraffin-based light oil in order to stably retain conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus (see Patent Document 3). However, Patent Document 3 only discloses entomopathogenic fungi, and has not disclosed or suggested any antibacterial antagonism that antagonizes phytopathogenic fungi!
  • Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-175920
  • Patent Document 2 JP-A-10-229872
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-506592
  • the first present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and has a microorganism having an antagonistic action against a plant pathogen, a plant disease controlling agent containing the same, and a plant disease controlling agent using the same.
  • the aim is to provide a method.
  • the second present invention provides a more practical biocontrol agent for plant diseases and a method for controlling plant diseases, which can reduce the burden on the environment and can be stably stored at room temperature for a longer period of time.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • the present inventors separated various microorganisms from the surface of a plant, soil, and the like, and searched for strains having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria. As a result, the present inventors have found that a strain belonging to ⁇ -silium 'waxma, from which plant leaf surface strength is also isolated, has an antagonistic action against phytopathogenic bacteria, and by using this, the first book was obtained. The invention has been completed.
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that spores of filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against plant pathogens and minerals which do not adversely affect the survival of the spores
  • oil By using oil, the spores and oxygen were cut off as a method of keeping the spores stable for a long period of time, and it was found that the above object could be achieved, and the second invention was completed.
  • the gist of the present invention is as follows.
  • a method for controlling plant diseases which comprises applying the plant disease controlling agent according to (3) or (4) to soil or a plant body where plants are grown.
  • filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against the plant pathogenic fungus is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Penicillium, the genus Talalomyces, the genus Dariocladium or the genus Trichoderma. Disease control agent.
  • the plant disease controlling agent according to (6), wherein the filamentous fungus having an antagonistic effect on the plant pathogenic bacteria is Penicillium waxumani, Talalomyces flavus, Gliocladium virens or Trichoderma virens.
  • Filamentous fungi having an antagonistic effect on the plant pathogenic fungi are Penicillium Waxmanii FERM BP-10258, Talalomyces flavus FERM P-15816, Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381, Trichoderma virensu ATCC13213, Trichoderma virinens ATCC24290 Or the mutant thereof, the plant disease controlling agent according to (6).
  • a method for controlling plant diseases which comprises applying the plant disease control agent according to any one of (6) to (14) to soil or a plant body where plants are grown.
  • the ⁇ -silium 'waxmer of the first invention has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria. Further, since the ⁇ -silium 'wax of the first invention has such an antagonistic effect, when applied to a plant or soil, it has an effect of controlling plant diseases without appreciable load on the environment. Demonstrate continuously.
  • the second control agent and control method of the present invention have a small environmental load and continuously exert a sufficient control effect against diseases of plants actually cultivated in soil.
  • the spores of the filamentous fungus in the control agent of the second present invention have a longer term. It can survive at room temperature, and as a result, the second control agent of the present invention has an advantage that it can be stably stored at room temperature for a longer period of time.
  • the second control agent of the present invention when the second control agent of the present invention is sprayed, the crop is controlled by the auxiliary components of the agent.
  • the dirt is small.
  • the present inventors have conducted extensive searches on the surface of plants, soil, and the like. As a result, the present inventors have an antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and belong to Penicillium'waxmanii. The strain was identified and named RU-15000.
  • the present strain forms a greenish felt-like colony having a diameter of 3 cm when cultured on a malt extract agar medium at 25 ° C. for 7 days.
  • the mycelium is colorless and has a dull color on the back, with no exudates. It does not grow at 37 ° C.
  • colonies that form slowly on the Wapec yeast extract agar medium have a grayish surface on the front side and a brownish back side, and have a weak spore formation.
  • the RU-15000 strain was identified as a strain belonging to Penicillium'waxmanii. ⁇ Nisylium 'Waxmani RU-15000 strain was commissioned to the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (License and Biological Depositary) (1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Central No. 6) from November 21, 2003. Deposited under the number FERM P-19592, transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on February 23, 2005 and given the accession number FERM BP-10258.
  • the first strain of the present invention is a strain that has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria and belongs to Penicillium waxmauni. It has an antagonistic effect on plant pathogens and There is no particular limitation as long as it is a strain belonging to Psyllium 'waxma', but P-silium 'Puxma-RU-15000 strain or a mutant thereof is preferred.
  • the "strain having an antagonistic action against a phytopathogenic fungus" in the first invention is a plant which has an antagonizing action on at least one kind of phytopathogenic fungus and causes the phytopathogenic fungus to cause bow I. It means a strain having an effect of preventing or curing a disease.
  • strain having an effect of preventing a plant disease refers to cultivating a plant that can infect it in an environment containing a pathogenic fungus that causes the plant disease under the same conditions except that the strain is applied. In this case, the disease level of a plant to which the strain was applied was lower than that of a plant to which the strain was not applied (see Formula 1 in Example 4 described later).
  • a ⁇ strain that has an effect of curing a disease '' is defined as the degree of disease of a plant to which the strain has been applied when cultivating a plant infected with a pathogen causing the plant disease under the same conditions except that the strain is applied. It is lower than the disease severity in plants that have not been applied with the strain.
  • the "strain having an effect of preventing or curing a plant disease caused by a plant pathogen” specifically includes, for example, a control value of 20 or more when an experiment similar to Example 4 described below is performed. , Preferably 40 or more, more preferably 60 or more.
  • the "phytopathogenic bacterium" in the first invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a phytopathogenic fungus exhibiting antagonism of ⁇ -silium'waxmer.
  • Suferoteca which causes powdery mildew on strawberry 'Aphainis no Aphainis (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. Aphanis), Gromerella causing anthrax on strawberry' Glomerella cingulata 'and colletotricum' Colletotrichum acutatum ', charcoal on charcoal Sinensis (Colletotrichum theae- sinensis), charcoal H in mango (Colletotrichum causing disease; Colletotrichum gleosporioides)
  • plant disease is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant disease caused by a plant pathogen showing an antagonistic action of ⁇ -silium 'wax wax.
  • Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. Aphanis), powdery mildews such as bp (bpnaerotheca cucurbitae) and Nora powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca rosae), strawberry charcoal 3 ⁇ 4J Hei ( Glomerella cingulata, charcoal It! Disease (Colletotrichum orbiculare), charcoal It!
  • the "variant" in the first present invention includes ⁇ -silium 'waxmer-
  • FERM BP-10258 (RU-15000) also induces ⁇ -silium'waxma-FERM BP-10258 strain as long as it has the mycological properties of the strain and has an antagonistic action against plant pathogens Also included are any variants made. Mutations include spontaneous mutations or artificial mutations caused by chemical agents such as ultraviolet rays.
  • strain in the following description may be used in the meaning of "strain or a mutant thereof".
  • the first control agent of the present invention is a plant disease control agent which has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria and contains cells of a strain belonging to ⁇ -silium 'waxma-'.
  • the first control agent of the present invention has an antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic bacteria, and is not particularly limited as long as it contains cells of a strain belonging to ⁇ -silium-waxmer.
  • the strain may contain a plurality of bacterial cells of such a strain.
  • the strain used in the first control agent of the present invention is preferably a ⁇ -silium 'waxma-FERM strain BP-10258 or a mutant thereof.
  • BP-10258 strain is more preferred.
  • the strain used in the first present invention can be cultured by a method similar to a usual method for culturing microorganisms.
  • the culture method may be any method, regardless of the type of culture medium and culture conditions, as long as the cells can grow.
  • potato dextrose is used.
  • the medium can be cultured at 25 ° C using agar agar medium, Gardock agar medium, malt agar medium, etc., and in the case of liquid culture, potato dextrose liquid medium, Gardock Dottus liquid medium, malt liquid medium Can be used for shaking culture at 25 ° C.
  • static culture can be performed at 25 ° C using bran, wheat, oat, soybean flour and the like.
  • the strain used in the first present invention is cultured in a liquid medium of yeast extract and malt extract for 7 days at 25 ° C, the strain is converted into, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 cfo / ml in terms of spore concentration. Of the culture can be obtained.
  • the culture obtained by the culturing can be used as it is, or may be used after separating the cells by centrifuging the culture. That is, the bacterial cells used for the control agent of the first present invention may be in any form of the bacterial cells themselves, a suspension thereof, a culture solution or a concentrate, a paste, a dried product, or a diluted product thereof. . However, from the viewpoint of the shelf life of the product as a control agent, it is preferable that the cells be dried into a dry powder by natural drying, spray drying, freeze drying, or the like, and particularly the water content is 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight. % Or less is preferable.
  • the cells of the strain or the mutant thereof used in the first controlling agent of the present invention are live cells.
  • the live bacteria of the strain used for the control agent of the first present invention may not be spores, but it is preferable that spores are also used in terms of the preservability of the control agent as a product.
  • the culture conditions such as the composition of the medium, the pH of the medium, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, and the oxygen concentration during the culture are adjusted to the sporulation conditions. It is preferable to prepare as follows.
  • the water content of the spores is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the control agent.
  • the concentration of ⁇ -silium bacteria contained in the control agent of the first present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the first present invention is not impaired.
  • the concentration can be preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 clu / mU, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 cfo / ml.
  • the control agent composition of the first present invention comprises a first control agent composition as long as the effect of the first present invention is not hindered.
  • the composition may contain any substance such as a carrier, a surfactant, a dispersant, and an auxiliary agent.
  • Examples of the carrier include solid carriers such as clay, talc, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, white carbon, kaolin, vermiculite, slaked lime, silica sand, ammonium sulfate, urea, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium sulfate. it can.
  • solid carriers such as clay, talc, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, white carbon, kaolin, vermiculite, slaked lime, silica sand, ammonium sulfate, urea, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium sulfate. it can.
  • Examples of the surfactant and dispersant include alkyl phenyl ether to which polyoxyethylene is added, alkyl ether to which polyoxyethylene is added, higher fatty acid ester to which polyoxyethylene is added, and polyoxyethylene.
  • Nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan higher fatty acid esters added, tristyryl phenyl ether added with polyoxyethylene, sulfates of alkylphenols added with polyoxyethylene, metal salts of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid Ionic interfaces such as sulfuric acid ester salts of higher alcohols, sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, sodium bamboosulfonate, formaldehyde condensates of sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, and copolymers of isobutylene-maleic anhydride Mention may be made of the sex and dispersants
  • auxiliary agents examples include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, starch, and lactose.
  • the dosage form of the pesticidal agent of the first invention is not particularly limited, and it can be in a form that can be taken by ordinary pesticides such as powders, wettable powders, emulsions, flowables, and granules.
  • the method for producing the first pesticidal agent of the present invention as an emulsion is not particularly limited, but the spores of the collected and dried Penicillium bacteria are mixed in an organic solvent containing a surfactant and suspended. It can be produced by preparing a liquid.
  • the powerful surfactants are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the germination and growth of the spores, and may have any properties. Examples thereof include polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene glycol monolau. Rate, polyoxyethylene glycol monooleate, or a mixture of two or more kinds.
  • strong organic solvents include vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, and safflower oil, spindle oil, heavy white oil, light white oil, mineral spirit, and mineral oil.
  • Mineral oils such as raltarpen, naphthenic oil, paraffin oil, agricultural chemical machine oils, etc., polymers such as ethylene diisobutene, and silicone oils can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the first method for controlling a plant disease of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for applying the control agent of the first present invention to soil or a plant body for cultivating a plant.
  • the control agent of the first present invention may be applied by directly applying or spraying the control agent on the plant.
  • the control agent of the first present invention may be applied to the soil before planting the plant, or the plant may be applied to the soil after planting. .
  • the first pesticide of the present invention can be diluted with an appropriate amount of water or the like before use.
  • the application rate of the pesticidal composition and the pesticidal composition of the first invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the first invention is exerted.
  • 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 clU / ml of a pesticide solution can be sprayed in an amount of 50 to 700 L, preferably 100 to 300 L, in terms of the spore concentration of ⁇ -silium bacteria per soil.
  • the second agent for controlling plant diseases of the present invention contains spores of filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria.
  • the “filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic fungi” in the second present invention means filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against at least one kind of pathogenic fungi of plant diseases.
  • the filamentous fungus according to the second aspect of the present invention exerts an antagonistic action against a pathogenic bacterium, thereby preventing or curing a plant disease caused by the pathogenic bacterium.
  • ⁇ prevent plant disease '' as used herein means that a plant that is not infected with pathogenic bacteria or has no symptoms is grown under the same suitable conditions except that the filamentous fungus is applied.
  • the degree of the disease of a plant to which the filamentous fungus has been applied is lower than that of a plant to which the filamentous fungus has not been applied.
  • the above-mentioned “healing plant diseases” is the same as the above-mentioned method, except that a plant infected with a pathogenic bacterium and showing symptoms is applied to the plant except that the filamentous fungus is applied.
  • the degree of disease in plants that have not been treated with the filamentous fungus is lower than that of the plants that have been treated with the filamentous fungus.
  • the filamentous fungus used in the second present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a filamentous fungus having an antagonism to a plant pathogen, but the genus Penicillium, the genus Talaromyces, A filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Olidium (Gliockdium) or the genus Trichoderma, which has an antagonistic action against a plant pathogenic bacterium.
  • the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium Penicimum waksmanii RU-15000 (FER BP-10258) or a mutant thereof is preferable.
  • the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Talalomyces Talaromyces flavus is preferred.
  • filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Dariocradium which is preferred by Y-9401 (FERM P-15816) or a mutant thereof
  • the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma are preferably Trichoderma virens ATCC13213, Trichoderma virens ATCC24290, or a mutant thereof.
  • the "variant of a certain strain" in the second aspect of the present invention includes a strain as long as it has the same bacteriological properties as the strain and has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria. And its variants are also included. Mutations include spontaneous mutations and artificial mutations caused by chemical mutagens, ultraviolet rays, and the like.
  • Niscilium Waxmani RU-15000 was obtained from the applicant S on November 21, 2003 by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Organism Depositary Center 1 (Tsukuba Ito, Ibaraki Prefecture 1-1-1) Deposited at Central No. 6) under accession number FERM P-19592, transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on February 23, 2005, and given accession number FERM BP-10258.
  • Talalomyces Flavus Y-9401 was filed by the applicant on September 2, 1996, with the Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center for Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry (now the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology). Deposit No.
  • Trichoderma Billens ATCC13213 and the Trichoderma Billens ATCC24290 are also available in the American Type 'Culture I' collection (Virginia, USA, 20110-2209 Manassas 10801 Versatile Bird).
  • the plant disease control agent of the second invention of the present invention may contain only one kind of filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria, or may contain two or more such filamentous fungi at the same time. It may be something.
  • the filamentous fungus used in the second present invention may be, for example, one contained in a commercially available biocide or the like, or one cultured using a commercially available strain.
  • a commercially available biocide or the like or one cultured using a commercially available strain.
  • the spores used in the second present invention are spores of filamentous fungi, and include conidia, ascospores, and chlamydospores.
  • the type of spores contained in the plant disease controlling agent of the second present invention may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
  • the second spore of the present invention is obtained from a culture of the above filamentous fungus.
  • the cultivation of the second filamentous fungus of the present invention can be performed by a method similar to the usual method for culturing filamentous fungi.
  • the culture method may be any method as long as the cells can be grown, regardless of the type of culture medium and culture conditions.
  • solid culture potato dextrose agar medium, quapex dox agar Culture medium, malt agar medium, etc.
  • liquid culture shaking culture using potato dextrose liquid medium, Wapek Dox liquid medium, malt liquid medium, etc.
  • static cultivation can be performed using bran, wheat, rye, soybean flour and the like.
  • the culture conditions such as the composition of the culture medium, the pH of the culture medium, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, and the oxygen concentration during the culture are adjusted to match the sporulation conditions. Is preferred.
  • the culture obtained by the culture is used by separating and recovering spores by, for example, placing a solid culture on a sieving machine or centrifuging a liquid culture.
  • spore-containing solid culture is placed on a 0.25 mm sieve with a sieve with a mesh size of 0.25 mm, and the spore concentration is removed from the spores.
  • the spore suspension can be obtained by adding the solid culture to liquid paraffin in a container, stirring well, and then squeezing the solution with a cotton cloth.
  • the culture power of the filamentous fungus can increase the recovery rate of spores recovered.
  • Another embodiment of the second present invention is a method for recovering conidia of a filamentous fungus from a cultured cell body using white mineral oil. The method is as follows.
  • the solution After adding the solid culture containing the conidia of the filamentous fungus to the white mineral oil in the container and stirring well, the solution can be squeezed out with a cotton cloth to obtain a conidia suspension.
  • the culture power of the filamentous fungus is increased, thereby increasing the recovery rate of conidia recovered. Can be.
  • the second agent for controlling plant diseases of the present invention does not adversely affect the survival of the spores! / ⁇ Contains mineral oil! / Puru.
  • the mineral oil used in the second present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the survival of the spores of the above filamentous fungi.
  • the mineral oil used in the second invention is a white mineral oil which is colorless and transparent, more preferably liquid paraffin purified by hydrogenation, or liquid paraffin purified by hydrogenation and further washed with sulfuric acid. No. All of the above mineral oils are commercially available and generally readily available.
  • the liquid paraffin used in the second invention is a kind of white mineral oil, and has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. within a range of 3 to 20 mm 2 Zs and a boiling point within a range of 240 to 400 ° C.
  • various liquid paraffins with slightly different properties can be obtained.
  • the aromatic components in the components can be reduced by passing through steps such as solvent washing, high-pressure hydrogenation, and sulfuric acid washing, so that highly purified liquid paraffin can be obtained.
  • Liquid paraffin has been used for agricultural purposes for many years, and is also specified as a food additive, and its safety has been sufficiently confirmed. Liquid paraffin is known to have different effects on plants and animals due to its difference in viscosity. The lower it is, the less affected the soft leaves of herbs. In addition, the higher the viscosity, the higher the action against insects and mites. However, various kinds of liquid paraffin can be used in the second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention, in which the difference in the type of liquid paraffin exerts little effect on the spores of the filamentous fungi.
  • the second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention contains a plant disease controlling agent containing a spore of a filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against a plant pathogen and a mineral oil which does not adversely affect the survival of the spore. is there.
  • the spore concentration of the above-mentioned filamentous fungus contained in the plant disease controlling agent of the second present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the second present invention is not impaired.
  • the content of the mineral oil in the plant disease controlling agent of the second invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the second invention is exerted. It is preferred to contain from 80 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably from 85 to 95% by weight. This is because a stable formulation can be obtained in such a range.
  • the plant disease controlling agent of the second invention may contain any component other than the spores of the filamentous fungus and the mineral oil as long as the effects of the second invention are not impaired. Good.
  • optional components include additives such as silicon dioxide powder and fine clay minerals, and surfactants such as anion type, cationic type and amphoteric type. When these additives and surfactants are contained, the spores of the filamentous fungi are more uniformly dispersed in the mineral oil, and the stability of the second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention as a product is further improved.
  • silicon dioxide powder eg, "Carplettus” (manufactured by Degussa) suppresses sedimentation of spores in the stored formulation, and facilitates handling of the bottled formulation during use.
  • the method for producing the emulsion of the second control agent of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the ⁇ -silium bacteria collected in the second mineral oil of the present invention containing a surfactant can be used. And by preparing a suspension.
  • the plant disease to which the plant disease control agent of the second invention of the present invention obtained as described above is applied is caused by infection of the plant with a pathogenic bacterium which exhibits the antagonistic action of the filamentous fungus of the second invention.
  • a pathogenic bacterium which exhibits the antagonistic action of the filamentous fungus of the second invention.
  • the fungus of the second aspect of the present invention is a pathogenic bacterium exhibiting an antagonistic action, and the pathogenic fungus belonging to the fungi is caused by the infection of the plant. Diseases are particularly preferred.
  • a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus ⁇ -silium, the genus Talalomyces, the genus Dariocladium or the genus Trichoderma exhibits an antagonistic effect.
  • Plant diseases caused by infecting plants with pathogens include, among others, those caused by infecting plants with antagonism of bacillium waxma, Talalomyces flavus, gliocladium billens or trichoderma billens.
  • plant diseases of which, among them, benzodiamine waxmer FERM BP-10258, Talalomyces flavus FERM P-15816, Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381, Trichoderma virens ATCC13213 or Trichoderma virens ATCC24290 exhibit an antagonistic action.
  • Pathogens infecting plants Therefore plant disease caused particularly preferred.
  • Plant diseases caused by infecting plants with pathogens that exhibit antagonism of ⁇ -silium waxma include powdery mildew such as strawberry powdery mildew, cucumber powdery mildew, and nora powdery mildew. Disease, strawberry anthracnose, perilla anthracnose, char anthracnose, mango anthrax, oyster anthracnose, anthracnose such as anthracnose of drupes, and tomato leaf mold.
  • examples of plant diseases caused by infection of plants with pathogens exhibiting an antagonistic action by Talalomyces flavus include strawberry powdery mildew, tomato leaf mold, and anthrax of sycamore.
  • Plant diseases caused by infecting plants with pathogens that exhibit antagonism by Dario cladium virens trichoderma virens include large patches of korai turf belonging to the family Poaceae and brown patches of bentgrass. And dollar spots, clubroot of broccoli belonging to the Abrana family, clubroot of Chinese cabbage, seedling blight and sclerotium of cabbage, yellow rot of radish, white silk and wilt of leek belonging to the lily family , Tama Gray rot of green onion, spinach rot of spinach belonging to the family Laceae, damping-off and wilt, Brown rot of nagaimo belonging to the family Yamanimo, wilt of carnation belonging to the family Aceraceae, wilt of parsley belonging to the family Apiaceae Root rot of lettuce belonging to Asteraceae, Wilt rot of tomato belonging to Solanaceae, Root rot, Brown root rot and half body wilt, Half body
  • the second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention can be applied to soil or plants where plants are cultivated for the purpose of controlling various diseases of various plants as described above.
  • the restriction is appropriately selected depending on the type of the disease to be mutilated, the type of the plant to be applied, and the like.
  • the second control agent of the present invention may be applied, or
  • the second pesticide of the present invention may be applied by directly applying or spraying the pesticide of the present invention on a plant.
  • a plant may be planted after applying the second control agent of the present invention to soil, or it may be applied to the soil after planting the plant. .
  • the pesticide of the second present invention can be diluted with an appropriate amount of water or the like before use.
  • the application rate of the plant disease controlling agent of the second invention of the present invention differs depending on the type of disease, the type of plant to be applied, and the like, and cannot be unconditionally specified.
  • 50 to 3 OOL of a pesticidal solution which is usually 10 4 to 10 6 cfo / ml in terms of the spore concentration of the filamentous fungus, can be applied.
  • Mango cultivation field power in various parts of Okibashi Prefecture Mango leaves are collected and inhabit on the leaf surface.
  • the filamentous fungi were separated on a Rose Bengal medium described below.
  • the isolated filamentous fungi were stored in PDA medium.
  • strains having an antagonistic effect on mango charcoal H were selected by the following method.
  • the isolated bacteria were cultured on a PDA medium at 25 ° C for 4 days, the leading edge of the flora was punched out together with the medium with a sterilized 5 mm diameter cork borer, and cultured in the same manner as the punched flora.
  • the punched mango and the flora of B were selected by the following method.
  • anthracis were cultured on a PDA medium. Five days later, the flora radius of B. anthracis was measured and strains that inhibited the growth of B. anthracis were selected. In this way, a strain of Penicillium Waxmanii RU-15,000 was obtained.
  • Peptone 5g; Monopotassium phosphate: 0.5g; Dipotassium phosphate: 0.5g; Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate: 0.5g; Gunorecose: 10g; Yeast extract: 0.5g; Rose venganore: 0.5g 0.5 g; streptomycin sulfate: 0.03 g; agar: 20 g; distilled water: 1000 ml
  • ⁇ -Silium 'Waxma-RU-15,000 was cultured in a PDA medium for 5 days at 25 ° C, and then inoculated in a platinum loop with a liquid medium using malt extract (DIFCO). And shaking culture at 25 ° C. After culturing for 7 days, the number of spores in the culture solution was measured. As a result, 1 ⁇ 10 8 spores were formed per 1 ml of the culture solution. The culture was filtered through gauze and centrifuged to obtain large amounts of RU-15000 spores.
  • DIFCO malt extract
  • the test was performed by preparing six planters as described above. At this point, none of the strawberries had developed powdery mildew. Tap water was sprayed on strawberries of three of the prepared planters as a three-unit system in the untreated area. To the remaining three planter strawberries, the control agent of Formulation Example 1 diluted 1000 times with tap water was sprayed 6 times at 7-day intervals. One week after the final application, the extent of the occurrence of naturally occurring powdery mildew was investigated. First, a disease index was assigned to each leaflet of the top three compound leaves of strawberry seedlings, based on the degree of disease as shown in Table 1.
  • N is the total number of leaflets investigated, and n to n are the number of leaflets belonging to each of the disease indices 0 to 4.
  • Control value (%) X100 Formula 2 Degree of disease in untreated plot
  • Example 4 When the degree of occurrence of strawberry powdery mildew in Example 4 was investigated, the pathogens of strawberry anthrax in those runners, petioles, and leaves of the strawberry were examined, and the number of strains in which strawberry anthracnose was detected was determined. The diseased strain rate was calculated by counting. Furthermore, based on the data on the disease-causing strain rate, a control value as defined in the following formula 3 was calculated.
  • Control value (%) X 100 Formula 3 Rate of diseased strain in untreated plot
  • the concentration of spores Formulation Examples 2-4 respectively 50 X 10 9 cfo / g, 1. 5 X 10 9 cfo / g, blinking 7 this in 3. 0 X 10 8 clU / g .
  • Lesion area rate is 5% or more and less than 25%
  • Lesion area rate is 25% or more and less than 50%
  • a tomato seedling (variety: Taro), whose first flower cluster was flowering, was planted in a nose with a ridge width of 100 cm and a spacing of 50 cm between plants. Before the start of the test, the occurrence of leaf mold was strong.
  • Formulation Example 2 diluted 1000 times with tap water was sprayed at 150 L per Oa. The same operation was performed for Formulation Example 3. The same operation was performed using tap water instead of the preparation example as an untreated section. The above test was carried out in a three-train system with 12 strains per ward.
  • Example 7 conidia powders of ⁇ -silium wax FERM BP-10258, Taraguchi Myces flavas FERM P-15816, and Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381 were collected. Using these conidia powders and Formulation Examples 2 to 4 described in Example 8, the following storage stability test was performed.
  • Penicillium conidia 100 65 20 Formulation example 2 (penicillium) 100 80 55 Trichoderma conidia 100 80 30 Formulation example 3 (Trichoderma) 100 80 65 Glio cladium conidia 100 70 20 Formulation Example 4 (Gliocladium) 100 80 60
  • the formulation of the present invention was shown to have high storage stability.

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Abstract

A strain having an antagonistic effect on a plant pathogenic bacterium and belonging to Penicillium waksmanii; a plant disease controlling agent containing cells of this strain; a method of controlling a plant disease by using the controlling agent; and a plant disease controlling agent containing spores of a fungus having an antagonistic effect on a plant pathogenic bacterium and a mineral oil exerting no undesirable effect on the survival of the spores.

Description

明 細 書  Specification
植物病害を防除する微生物およびそれを用いた植物病害防除剤 技術分野  Microorganisms controlling plant diseases and plant disease control agents using the same
[0001] 本発明は、植物病害を防除する微生物、それを用いた植物病害防除剤、および植 物の病害の防除方法に関する。 背景技術  The present invention relates to a microorganism for controlling plant diseases, a plant disease controlling agent using the same, and a method for controlling plant diseases. Background art
[0002] 植物を病虫害の攻撃から守り、植物の健全な生育および収穫を得るためには、種 々の方法がある。最も一般的な方法は、化学剤を用いることである (化学的防除法)。 しかし、化学剤を多用または連用すると、その化学剤に抵抗性を示す植物病原菌が 出現する場合があり、多大な開発費を力 4ナて開発したィ匕学剤の効果が失われてしま うことがあった。また、化学剤を多用すると、自然環境に対して過大な負荷がかかり、 生態系の破壊につながる。そこで、近年は化学剤のみに頼るのではなぐ物理的、生 物的な方法などの環境負荷の少な 、防除法も組み合わせて用いる総合防除の考え 方が広がってきた。  [0002] There are various methods for protecting plants from pest attack and obtaining healthy plant growth and harvest. The most common method is to use chemical agents (chemical control). However, when chemical agents are used heavily or repeatedly, phytopathogenic bacteria that are resistant to the chemical agents may appear, and the effects of the iDagaku agent, which was developed with considerable development costs, will be lost. There was something. In addition, heavy use of chemical agents puts an excessive load on the natural environment, which leads to destruction of ecosystems. Therefore, in recent years, there has been an increase in the concept of comprehensive pest control using a combination of pest control methods with a low environmental load such as physical and biological methods rather than relying only on chemical agents.
[0003] 特に生物的な防除方法は、自然界の生物間の相互作用を利用するもので、環境に 対する負荷が少ない。そのような生物的な防除方法としては、例えば、植物病原菌と 拮抗するバチルス属細菌を用いた防除方法 (特許文献 1参照)や炭疽病菌と拮抗す るタラロマイセス属細菌 (糸状菌の一種)を用いた防除方法 (特許文献 2参照）が知ら れている。  [0003] In particular, biological control methods use interactions between living organisms in the natural world, and have low environmental loads. As such a biological control method, for example, a control method using a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus that antagonizes a plant pathogenic bacterium (see Patent Document 1) or a bacterium belonging to the genus Talalomyces (a type of filamentous fungus) that antagonizes an anthrax bacterium is used. There is a known control method (see Patent Document 2).
[0004] しかし、糸状菌の胞子、特に分生子は大量に作られ生産性は高 、ものの、化学剤 に比べて外部環境の変化の影響を比較的受け易ぐ糸状菌の胞子等を含む防除剤 の保存条件によっては糸状菌の胞子の生存期間が短縮されてしまうことがあった。そ のため、糸状菌の胞子を含む植物病害の防除剤の取り扱いには、ある程度の注意を 払う必要があった。胞子を長期間保存するためには、低温に保つ、水分含量を少な くする、酸素を絶つ等の方法があるが、防除剤を低温に保ったり、防除剤の周りの酸 素を絶っためには、コストがかかり過ぎるため現実的ではない。また、胞子の水分含 量を減らすことは通常行われているが、乾燥し過ぎたり、熱を加えて乾燥すると胞子 は死滅してしまう。したがって、微生物を用いた植物病害の防除剤であって、より長期 間常温でも安定して保存することのできる、より実用的な植物病害の防除剤が求めら れていた。 [0004] However, spores of filamentous fungi, especially conidia, are produced in large quantities and have high productivity, but control includes spores of filamentous fungi that are relatively more susceptible to changes in the external environment than chemical agents. Depending on the storage conditions of the agent, the survival time of the spores of the filamentous fungus may be shortened. Therefore, some care had to be taken when handling plant disease control agents including spores of filamentous fungi. In order to store spores for a long period of time, there are methods such as keeping them at low temperature, reducing the water content, and cutting off oxygen.However, in order to keep the controlling agent at low temperature and to cut off oxygen around the controlling agent. Is not realistic because it is too costly. It is common practice to reduce the water content of spores, but spores can be dried too much or dried by applying heat. Will die. Therefore, there has been a need for a more practical plant disease controlling agent which is a plant disease controlling agent using microorganisms and which can be stably stored at room temperature for a longer period of time.
[0005] また、微生物を用いて植物病害を防除する場合は、その微生物を植物に散布等し 、問題となっている病原菌と接触させなければならない。この場合、微生物を直接散 布することもできるが、散布しやすい様に粘土鉱物等の補助成分に分散させ、界面 活性剤を加えて水和剤に製剤し、使用時にその製剤を水に溶カゝして散布することが 多い。しかし、このような水和剤として散布すると、剤の補助成分が作物の表面に残り 、汚れのように見える場合があった。  [0005] In addition, when a plant disease is controlled using a microorganism, the microorganism must be sprayed on a plant or the like and brought into contact with the pathogenic bacterium in question. In this case, the microorganisms can be sprayed directly.However, they are dispersed in auxiliary ingredients such as clay minerals to facilitate spraying, and a surfactant is added to formulate a wettable powder, and the formulation is dissolved in water when used. It is often sprayed by spraying. However, when sprayed as such a wettable powder, auxiliary components of the wettable powder sometimes remain on the surface of the crop and look like dirt.
[0006] 特許文献 3には、昆虫病原性真菌の分生子を安定的に保持するためにパラフィン 系軽油を用いた昆虫病原性組成物が開示されている (特許文献 3参照)。しかし、特 許文献 3で用いられているのは、あくまでも昆虫病原性真菌であって、植物病原菌に 拮抗する拮抗菌にっ 、ては何ら開示も示唆もされて!/、な 、。  [0006] Patent Document 3 discloses an entomopathogenic composition using paraffin-based light oil in order to stably retain conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus (see Patent Document 3). However, Patent Document 3 only discloses entomopathogenic fungi, and has not disclosed or suggested any antibacterial antagonism that antagonizes phytopathogenic fungi!
また、ぺ-シリウム属菌の一部の菌は、抗生物質であるペニシリンを生産することで 知られている。ぺ-シリウム'ワックスマ- (Penicillium waksmanii)は、古くからその存 在が知られている力 ペニシリンを生産しない。  Also, some ぺ -silium species are known to produce the antibiotic penicillin. Penicillium waksmanii does not produce the power penicillin, which has long been known to exist.
[0007] しかし、植物病原菌に対して拮抗し、植物の病害を防除するべ-シリウム 'ワックス マ-が存在するかどうかにっ 、ては知られて 、なかった。  [0007] However, it has not been known whether or not there is a beryllium 'waxmer' that antagonizes phytopathogenic bacteria and controls plant diseases.
特許文献 1 :特開平 8— 175920号  Patent Document 1: JP-A-8-175920
特許文献 2：特開平 10— 229872号  Patent Document 2: JP-A-10-229872
特許文献 3：特表平 9 - 506592号公報  Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-506592
発明の開示  Disclosure of the invention
発明が解決しょうとする課題  Problems to be solved by the invention
[0008] 第一の本発明は、上記観点からなされたものであり、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作 用を有する微生物、それを含有する植物病害防除剤、およびそれを用いて植物病害 を防除する方法を提供することを目的とする。 [0008] The first present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and has a microorganism having an antagonistic action against a plant pathogen, a plant disease controlling agent containing the same, and a plant disease controlling agent using the same. The aim is to provide a method.
[0009] また、第二の本発明は、環境に対する負担が少なぐかつ、より長期間常温でも安 定して保存することのできる、より実用的な植物病害の生物防除剤および防除方法 を提供することを目的とする。 Further, the second present invention provides a more practical biocontrol agent for plant diseases and a method for controlling plant diseases, which can reduce the burden on the environment and can be stably stored at room temperature for a longer period of time. The purpose is to provide.
課題を解決するための手段  Means for solving the problem
[0010] 本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するために、植物の表面や土壌等から様々な微 生物を分離し、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有する菌株の検索を行った。その結 果、本発明者らは、植物葉面力も単離したぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-に属する菌株が 植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有することを見い出し、これを用いることにより、第一 の本発明を完成するに至った。  [0010] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors separated various microorganisms from the surface of a plant, soil, and the like, and searched for strains having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria. As a result, the present inventors have found that a strain belonging to ぺ -silium 'waxma, from which plant leaf surface strength is also isolated, has an antagonistic action against phytopathogenic bacteria, and by using this, the first book was obtained. The invention has been completed.
[0011] また、本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、植物 病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌の胞子と、その胞子の生存に悪影響を与え ない鉱物油とを用いることにより、胞子を長期安定に保つ方法として胞子と酸素を絶 ち、上記目的を達成し得ることを見い出し、第二の本発明を完成するに至った。  Further, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that spores of filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against plant pathogens and minerals which do not adversely affect the survival of the spores By using oil, the spores and oxygen were cut off as a method of keeping the spores stable for a long period of time, and it was found that the above object could be achieved, and the second invention was completed.
[0012] すなわち、本発明の要旨は以下の通りである。  That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1)植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、かつ、ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-に属する 菌株。  (1) A strain that has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria and belongs to ぺ -silium waxma.
(2)植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有するぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ- FERM  (2) ぺ -Silium 'waxma-FERM with antagonistic action against plant pathogens
BP-10258菌株またはその変異体。  BP-10258 strain or a mutant thereof.
(3) (1)又は (2)に記載の菌株又は変異体の菌体を含有する植物病害防除剤。  (3) A plant disease controlling agent containing the bacterial cell of the strain or the mutant according to (1) or (2).
(4)前記植物病害が、イチゴうどんこ病、マンゴー炭疽病、イチゴ炭疽病およびチヤ 炭疽病の 、ずれか 1つ又は 2つ以上の病害であることを特徴とする（3)に記載の植物 病害防除剤。  (4) The plant according to (3), wherein the plant disease is one or more of strawberry powdery mildew, mango anthrax, strawberry anthrax and chin anthrax. Disease control agent.
(5)植物を栽培する土壌または植物体に、（3)又は (4)に記載の植物病害防除剤を 施用することを特徴とする、植物病害を防除する方法。  (5) A method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises applying the plant disease controlling agent according to (3) or (4) to soil or a plant body where plants are grown.
(6)植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌の胞子、および、その胞子の生存に 悪影響を与えな ヽ鉱物油を含有する植物病害防除剤。  (6) A plant disease control agent containing a spore of a filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against a plant pathogen and a mineral oil which does not adversely affect the survival of the spore.
(7)前記鉱物油が、白色鉱物油であることを特徴とする（6)に記載の植物病害防除 剤。  (7) The plant disease controlling agent according to (6), wherein the mineral oil is a white mineral oil.
(8)前記鉱物油が、水素添加して精製された流動パラフィンであることを特徴とする（ 6)に記載の植物病害防除剤。 (9)前記鉱物油が、水素添加し、さらに硫酸洗浄して精製された流動パラフィンであ ることを特徴とする (6)に記載の植物病害防除剤。 (8) The plant disease control agent according to (6), wherein the mineral oil is liquid paraffin purified by hydrogenation. (9) The plant disease control agent according to (6), wherein the mineral oil is liquid paraffin which is purified by hydrogenation and further washing with sulfuric acid.
(10)前記植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌が、ぺニシリウム属、タラロマ イセス属、ダリオクラディウム属またはトリコデルマ属に属する糸状菌であることを特徴 とする (6)に記載の植物病害防除剤。  (10) The plant according to (6), wherein the filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against the plant pathogenic fungus is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Penicillium, the genus Talalomyces, the genus Dariocladium or the genus Trichoderma. Disease control agent.
(11)前記植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌が、ぺニシリウム ワックスマ二 、タラロマイセス フラバス、グリオクラディウム ビレンスまたはトリコデルマ ビレンス であることを特徴とする（6)に記載の植物病害防除剤。  (11) The plant disease controlling agent according to (6), wherein the filamentous fungus having an antagonistic effect on the plant pathogenic bacteria is Penicillium waxumani, Talalomyces flavus, Gliocladium virens or Trichoderma virens.
(12)前記植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌が、ぺニシリウム ワックスマ二 FERM BP- 10258、タラロマイセス フラバス FERM P- 15816、グリオクラディウム ビレンス FERM P- 17381、トリコデルマ ビレンス ATCC13213、トリコデルマ ビレ ンス ATCC24290,またはそれらの変異体であることを特徴とする（6)に記載の植物 病害防除剤。  (12) Filamentous fungi having an antagonistic effect on the plant pathogenic fungi are Penicillium Waxmanii FERM BP-10258, Talalomyces flavus FERM P-15816, Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381, Trichoderma virensu ATCC13213, Trichoderma virinens ATCC24290 Or the mutant thereof, the plant disease controlling agent according to (6).
(13)前記胞子が、分生子、子嚢胞子または厚膜胞子であることを特徴とする（6)に 記載の植物病害防除剤。  (13) The plant disease control agent according to (6), wherein the spore is a conidium, an ascospore, or a chlamydospore.
(14)二酸化珪素をさらに含有することを特徴とする（6)〜（13)のいずれか 1つに記 載の植物病害防除剤。  (14) The plant disease control agent according to any one of (6) to (13), further comprising silicon dioxide.
(15)植物を栽培する土壌または植物体に、 (6)〜（14)のいずれか 1つに記載の植 物病害防除剤を施用することを特徴とする、植物の病害の防除方法。  (15) A method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises applying the plant disease control agent according to any one of (6) to (14) to soil or a plant body where plants are grown.
(16)培養菌体物から白色鉱物油で糸状菌の分生子を回収する方法。  (16) A method of recovering conidia of a filamentous fungus from a cultured cell body with white mineral oil.
発明の効果  The invention's effect
[0013] 第一の本発明のぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-は、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有 する。また、第一の本発明のぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-はそのような拮抗作用を有す るので、植物体や土壌に施用した場合に環境に対する負荷をあまりかけることなく植 物病害に対する防除効果を持続的に発揮する。  [0013] The ぺ -silium 'waxmer of the first invention has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria. Further, since the ぺ -silium 'wax of the first invention has such an antagonistic effect, when applied to a plant or soil, it has an effect of controlling plant diseases without appreciable load on the environment. Demonstrate continuously.
[0014] 第二の本発明の防除剤および防除方法は、環境に対する負荷が少なぐかつ、土 壌で実際に栽培されている植物の病害に対して十分な防除効果を持続的に発揮す るという利点がある。また、第二の本発明の防除剤中の糸状菌の胞子は、より長期間 常温でも生存することができ、その結果、第二の本発明の防除剤は、より長期間常温 でも安定して保存することができるという利点がある。さらに、植物病原菌に対して拮 抗作用を有する微生物を水和剤等に混和して散布した場合に比べ、第二の本発明 の防除剤を散布した場合は、剤の補助成分等による作物への汚れが少なレ、という利 点がある。 [0014] The second control agent and control method of the present invention have a small environmental load and continuously exert a sufficient control effect against diseases of plants actually cultivated in soil. There is an advantage. In addition, the spores of the filamentous fungus in the control agent of the second present invention have a longer term. It can survive at room temperature, and as a result, the second control agent of the present invention has an advantage that it can be stably stored at room temperature for a longer period of time. Furthermore, compared to the case where a microorganism having an antagonistic effect on plant pathogens is mixed with a wettable powder or the like and sprayed, when the second control agent of the present invention is sprayed, the crop is controlled by the auxiliary components of the agent. There is an advantage that the dirt is small.
発明を実施するための最良の形態  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0015] 以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
1.第一の本発明について  1. About the first present invention
< 1 >第一の本発明の菌株  <1> First strain of the present invention
[0016] 本発明者らは、後記実施例に詳細に示すように、植物の表面や土壌等を広く検索 した結果、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、ぺニシリウム 'ワックスマ二に属する 新規な菌株を見レ、だし、その株を RU— 15000株と命名した。 As described in detail in Examples below, the present inventors have conducted extensive searches on the surface of plants, soil, and the like. As a result, the present inventors have an antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and belong to Penicillium'waxmanii. The strain was identified and named RU-15000.
[0017] 本菌株は、麦芽エキス寒天培地上で 25°Cで 7日間培養すると、直径 3cmの緑がか つたフェルト状のコロニ一を形成する。菌糸は無色で裏面はくすんだ色をしており、 浸出物はない。また、 37°Cでは生育しない。さらに、ッァペック酵母エキス寒天培地 では生育が遅ぐ形成されるコロニーは表面が灰色がかり、裏面は茶色になって、胞 子形成は弱くなる。 The present strain forms a greenish felt-like colony having a diameter of 3 cm when cultured on a malt extract agar medium at 25 ° C. for 7 days. The mycelium is colorless and has a dull color on the back, with no exudates. It does not grow at 37 ° C. In addition, colonies that form slowly on the Wapec yeast extract agar medium have a grayish surface on the front side and a brownish back side, and have a weak spore formation.
[0018] 分生子柄は、直立、薄膜、平滑、小のう状にはならない。ラミはなぐメトレは 2〜5本 殆ど輪生し、フィアライドは長さ 9 mのフラスコ型で短く先細の首がある。分生子は 直径 3 μ mのほぼ球形、滑面で、連鎖状となる。  [0018] The conidiophores do not become erect, thin, smooth, or sac-like. Rami Hanmetre has almost 2 to 5 rings, and Fialide is a 9 m long flask with a short tapered neck. Conidia are nearly spherical, 3 μm in diameter, smooth and chained.
[0019] 以上の菌学的性質から、 RU— 15000株は、ぺニシリウム 'ワックスマ二に属する菌 株であると同定された。ぺニシリウム 'ワックスマ二 RU— 15000菌株は、平成 15年 11 月 21日より、独立行政法 Λ産業技術総合研究所 許生物寄託センター (茨城県つ くば市東 1丁目 1番地 1中央第 6)に受託番号 FERM P- 19592で寄託され、平成 17年 (2005年) 2月 23日にブダペスト条約に基づく国際寄託に移管され、受託番号 FERM BP - 10258が付与されてレヽる。  [0019] From the above bacteriological properties, the RU-15000 strain was identified as a strain belonging to Penicillium'waxmanii.ぺ Nisylium 'Waxmani RU-15000 strain was commissioned to the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (License and Biological Depositary) (1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Central No. 6) from November 21, 2003. Deposited under the number FERM P-19592, transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on February 23, 2005 and given the accession number FERM BP-10258.
[0020] 第一の本発明の菌株は、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、かつ、ぺニシリウム •ワックスマ二に属する菌株である。植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、かつ、ぺニ シリウム 'ワックスマ-に属する菌株である限り、特に制限はないが、ぺ-シリウム 'ヮッ クスマ- RU - 15000菌株またはその変異体が好まし 、。 [0020] The first strain of the present invention is a strain that has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria and belongs to Penicillium waxmauni. It has an antagonistic effect on plant pathogens and There is no particular limitation as long as it is a strain belonging to Psyllium 'waxma', but P-silium 'Puxma-RU-15000 strain or a mutant thereof is preferred.
[0021] 第一の本発明における「植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有する菌株」とは、少なく とも 1種の植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有することにより、その植物病原菌が弓 Iき 起こす植物病害を予防又は治癒する効果を有する菌株を意味する。  [0021] The "strain having an antagonistic action against a phytopathogenic fungus" in the first invention is a plant which has an antagonizing action on at least one kind of phytopathogenic fungus and causes the phytopathogenic fungus to cause bow I. It means a strain having an effect of preventing or curing a disease.
[0022] ここでいう「植物病害を予防する効果を有する菌株」とは、その菌株を施用すること 以外は同じ条件で、その植物病害を引き起こす病原菌を含む環境中でそれに感染 しうる植物を栽培した場合に、その菌株を施用しなカゝつた植物の発病度 (後述の実施 例 4の式 1参照）より、その菌株を施用した植物の発病度が低いことをいい、また、「植 物病害を治癒する効果を有する菌株」とは、その菌株を施用すること以外は同じ条件 で、その植物病害を引き起こす病原菌に感染した植物を栽培した場合に、その菌株 を施用した植物の発病度がその菌株を施用しな力つた植物における発病度より低い ことをいう。  [0022] As used herein, the term "strain having an effect of preventing a plant disease" refers to cultivating a plant that can infect it in an environment containing a pathogenic fungus that causes the plant disease under the same conditions except that the strain is applied. In this case, the disease level of a plant to which the strain was applied was lower than that of a plant to which the strain was not applied (see Formula 1 in Example 4 described later). A `` strain that has an effect of curing a disease '' is defined as the degree of disease of a plant to which the strain has been applied when cultivating a plant infected with a pathogen causing the plant disease under the same conditions except that the strain is applied. It is lower than the disease severity in plants that have not been applied with the strain.
[0023] 「植物病原菌が引き起こす植物病害を予防又は治癒する効果を有する菌株」には 、具体的には、例えば後述の実施例 4と同様の実験を行った場合の防除価が、通常 20以上、好ましくは 40以上、より好ましくは 60以上であるような菌株が含まれる。  [0023] The "strain having an effect of preventing or curing a plant disease caused by a plant pathogen" specifically includes, for example, a control value of 20 or more when an experiment similar to Example 4 described below is performed. , Preferably 40 or more, more preferably 60 or more.
[0024] 第一の本発明における「植物病原菌」とは、ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-が拮抗作用を 示す植物病原菌であれば特に制限はないが、例えば、イチゴにうどんこ病を引き起こ すスフエロテカ 'ァフイニス ノ ー ァフイニス (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. aphanis)、ィ チゴに炭疽病を引き起こすグロメレラ 'シングラータ（Glomerella cingulata)やコレトトリ カム'アキュテータム（Colletotrichum acutatum)、チヤに炭 [病を引き起こすコレトトリ カム'テアエーシネンシス (Colletotrichum theae- sinensis)、マンゴーに炭 H [病を引き 起こすコレトトリカム.グレオスポリオイデス (Colletotrichum gleosporioides)が挙げられ る  [0024] The "phytopathogenic bacterium" in the first invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a phytopathogenic fungus exhibiting antagonism of ぺ -silium'waxmer. For example, Suferoteca which causes powdery mildew on strawberry 'Aphainis no Aphainis (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. Aphanis), Gromerella causing anthrax on strawberry' Glomerella cingulata 'and colletotricum' Colletotrichum acutatum ', charcoal on charcoal Sinensis (Colletotrichum theae- sinensis), charcoal H in mango (Colletotrichum causing disease; Colletotrichum gleosporioides)
[0025] また、上述の「植物病害」とは、ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-が拮抗作用を示す植物病 原菌によって引き起こされる植物の病害である限り特に制限はないが、例えば、イチ コっごんこ病 (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. aphanisノ、ゥリ類つどんこ；) ¾ (bpnaerotheca cucurbitae)、ノ ラうどんこ病 (Sphaerotheca rosae)等のうどんこ病、ィチゴ炭 ¾J丙 ( Glomerella cingulata)、ゥリ類炭 It!病 (Colletotrichum orbiculare)、チヤ炭 It!病 ( Colletotrichum theae— sinensis)、マンゴ ~~炭 病 (Colletotrichum gleosporioides)、 カキ炭 ϊΙ^丙（Glomerella cingulata)、核果類の炭 It!病 (Colletotrichum gleosporioides や Colletotrichum acutatum)等の炭疽病、あるいはそれらの植物病原菌と同類、同属 または近縁の病原菌によって引き起こされる、ブドウうどんこ病（Uncinula necator)、 ナスつとんこ病 (Erysiphe cichoracearum)、ヒ ~~マンつとんこ丙 (Oiaiopsis siculaノ、ブ ドウ晚腐病（Glomerella cingulata)、トマト黒点根腐病（Colletotrichum coccodes)等が 挙げられる。 [0025] Further, the above-mentioned "plant disease" is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant disease caused by a plant pathogen showing an antagonistic action of ぺ -silium 'wax wax. Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. Aphanis), powdery mildews such as bp (bpnaerotheca cucurbitae) and Nora powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca rosae), strawberry charcoal ¾J Hei ( Glomerella cingulata, charcoal It! Disease (Colletotrichum orbiculare), charcoal It! Disease (Colletotrichum theae—sinensis), mango ~~ charcoal disease (Colletotrichum gleosporioides), oyster charcoal ϊΙ ^ Hei (Glomerella cingulata), drupe Charcoal It! Disease (Colletotrichum gleosporioides, Colletotrichum acutatum) and other anthrax diseases, or grape powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), eggplant powdery mildew ( Erysiphe cichoracearum), cucumber (Oiaiopsis sicula), vine rot (Glomerella cingulata), tomato black spot rot (Colletotrichum coccodes) and the like.
[0026] 第一の本発明における「変異体」には、上述したようなぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ- [0026] The "variant" in the first present invention includes ぺ -silium 'waxmer-
FERM BP-10258 (RU— 15000)菌株の菌学的性質を有し、かつ、植物病原菌に対 して拮抗作用を有する菌株である限り、ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ- FERM BP-10258菌 株力も誘導されたいかなる変異体も含まれる。変異には、自然変異または化学的変 異剤ゃ紫外線等による人工変異を含む。 FERM BP-10258 (RU-15000) also induces ぺ -silium'waxma-FERM BP-10258 strain as long as it has the mycological properties of the strain and has an antagonistic action against plant pathogens Also included are any variants made. Mutations include spontaneous mutations or artificial mutations caused by chemical agents such as ultraviolet rays.
[0027] なお、以下の明細書の記載における「菌株」の語は、「菌株またはその変異体」の意 味で用いる場合がある。  [0027] The term "strain" in the following description may be used in the meaning of "strain or a mutant thereof".
[0028] < 2 >第一の本発明の防除剤  <2> First controlling agent of the present invention
第一の本発明の防除剤は、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、かつ、ぺ-シリウ ム 'ワックスマ-に属する菌株の菌体を含有する植物病害防除剤である。第一の本発 明の防除剤は、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-に 属する菌株の菌体を含有するものであれば特に制限はなぐそのような菌株の一種
Figure imgf000008_0001
、し、そのような菌株の複数種の菌体を含有 するものであってもよい。 The first control agent of the present invention is a plant disease control agent which has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria and contains cells of a strain belonging to ぺ -silium 'waxma-'. The first control agent of the present invention has an antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic bacteria, and is not particularly limited as long as it contains cells of a strain belonging to ぺ -silium-waxmer. Kind
Figure imgf000008_0001
Alternatively, the strain may contain a plurality of bacterial cells of such a strain.
[0029] 第一の本発明の防除剤に用いる菌株としては、ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ- FERM BP-10258菌株又はその変異体が好ましぐぺ-シリウム'ワックスマ- FERM  [0029] The strain used in the first control agent of the present invention is preferably a ぺ -silium 'waxma-FERM strain BP-10258 or a mutant thereof.
BP-10258菌株がより好ましく挙げられる。  BP-10258 strain is more preferred.
[0030] 第一の本発明に用いる菌株は、通常の微生物の培養方法と同様の方法により培養 することができる。培養方法は、菌体が増殖する方法であれば、培地の種類や培養 条件等を問わず、いずれの方法でもよいが、固体培養の場合は、ポテトデキストロー ス寒天培地、ッァペックドックス寒天培地、麦芽寒天培地等を用いて 25°Cで静置培 養することができ、液体培養の場合は、ポテトデキストロース液体培地、ッァペックドッ タス液体培地、麦芽液体培地等を用いて 25°Cで振とう培養することができ、さらに、 大量培養する場合は、フスマ、コムギ、ォォムギ、大豆粉等を用いて 25°Cで静置培 養することができる。 [0030] The strain used in the first present invention can be cultured by a method similar to a usual method for culturing microorganisms. The culture method may be any method, regardless of the type of culture medium and culture conditions, as long as the cells can grow.In the case of solid culture, potato dextrose is used. The medium can be cultured at 25 ° C using agar agar medium, Gardock agar medium, malt agar medium, etc., and in the case of liquid culture, potato dextrose liquid medium, Gardock Dottus liquid medium, malt liquid medium Can be used for shaking culture at 25 ° C. In the case of mass culture, static culture can be performed at 25 ° C using bran, wheat, oat, soybean flour and the like.
[0031] 第一の本発明に用いる菌株を酵母エキス ·麦芽エキス液体培地で 7日間 25°Cで培 養すると、胞子菌濃度に換算して例えば 1 X 106〜1 X 108cfo/mlの培養液を得ること ができる。 [0031] When the strain used in the first present invention is cultured in a liquid medium of yeast extract and malt extract for 7 days at 25 ° C, the strain is converted into, for example, 1 × 10 6 to 1 × 10 8 cfo / ml in terms of spore concentration. Of the culture can be obtained.
[0032] 培養で得られた培養物は、そのまま用いることもできるが、培養物を遠心分離する などして菌体を分離して用いてもよい。すなわち、第一の本発明の防除剤に用いる 菌体は、菌体自体のほか、その懸濁液、培養液又はこれらの濃縮物、ペースト状物、 乾燥物、希釈物のいずれの形態でもよい。ただし、防除剤の製品の保存性の観点か らは、菌体を自然乾燥、噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥などにより乾燥粉末とするのが好ましく 、特に水分含有量が 10重量％以下、好ましくは 5重量％以下である乾燥粉末とする のが好ましい。  [0032] The culture obtained by the culturing can be used as it is, or may be used after separating the cells by centrifuging the culture. That is, the bacterial cells used for the control agent of the first present invention may be in any form of the bacterial cells themselves, a suspension thereof, a culture solution or a concentrate, a paste, a dried product, or a diluted product thereof. . However, from the viewpoint of the shelf life of the product as a control agent, it is preferable that the cells be dried into a dry powder by natural drying, spray drying, freeze drying, or the like, and particularly the water content is 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight. % Or less is preferable.
[0033] 第一の本発明の防除剤に用いる菌株またはその変異体の菌体は、生菌である。ま た、第一の本発明の防除剤に用いる菌株の生菌は、胞子でなくてもよいが、防除剤 の製品としての保存性の観点力も胞子であることが好ましい。  [0033] The cells of the strain or the mutant thereof used in the first controlling agent of the present invention are live cells. In addition, the live bacteria of the strain used for the control agent of the first present invention may not be spores, but it is preferable that spores are also used in terms of the preservability of the control agent as a product.
[0034] したがって、胞子を形成させるため、培養の終期において、培地の組成、培地の p H、培養温度、培養湿度、培養する際の酸素濃度などの培養条件を、その胞子形成 条件に適合させるように調製することが好ましい。また、第一の本発明において胞子 を用いる場合は、防除剤の保存性の観点から、胞子の水分含有量を 10重量％以下 、好ましくは 5重量％以下とするのが好ましい。  [0034] Therefore, in order to form spores, at the end of the culture, the culture conditions such as the composition of the medium, the pH of the medium, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, and the oxygen concentration during the culture are adjusted to the sporulation conditions. It is preferable to prepare as follows. When spores are used in the first aspect of the present invention, the water content of the spores is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the control agent.
[0035] 第一の本発明の防除剤に含まれるぺ-シリウム菌の濃度は、第一の本発明の効果 を損なわない限り特に制限はないが、 500〜2000倍に希釈した際に、胞子菌濃度 に換算して、好ましくは 1 X 103〜1 X 1010 clu/mUより好ましくは 1 X 104〜1 X 108 cfo/mlとすることができる。 [0035] The concentration of ぺ -silium bacteria contained in the control agent of the first present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the first present invention is not impaired. In terms of bacterial concentration, the concentration can be preferably 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 10 clu / mU, more preferably 1 × 10 4 to 1 × 10 8 cfo / ml.
[0036] 第一の本発明の防除剤組成物は、第一の本発明の効果を妨げない限り、第一の 本発明の菌体、胞子以外に、担体、界面活性剤、分散剤、補助剤等の任意の物質 を含んでいてもよい。 [0036] The control agent composition of the first present invention comprises a first control agent composition as long as the effect of the first present invention is not hindered. In addition to the cells and spores of the present invention, the composition may contain any substance such as a carrier, a surfactant, a dispersant, and an auxiliary agent.
[0037] 上記の担体としては、クレー、タルク、ベントナイト、珪藻土、ホワイトカーボン、カオ リン、バーミキユライト、消石灰、珪砂、硫安、尿素、炭酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウ ム等の固体担体を挙げることができる。  [0037] Examples of the carrier include solid carriers such as clay, talc, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, white carbon, kaolin, vermiculite, slaked lime, silica sand, ammonium sulfate, urea, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium sulfate. it can.
[0038] 上記の界面活性剤及び分散剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したァ ルキルフエニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したアルキルエーテル、ポリオキ シエチレンが付加した高級脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したソルビタ ン高級脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したトリスチリルフエニルエーテル 等の非イオン性界面活性剤、ポリオキシエチレンが付カ卩したアルキルフエ-ルエーテ ルの硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸金属塩、高級アルコールの硫酸 エステル塩、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、リグ-ンスルホン酸ナトリウム、 アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウムのホルムアルデヒド縮合物、イソブチレン— 無水マレイン酸の共重合体等のイオン性界面活性剤や分散剤を挙げることができる  [0038] Examples of the surfactant and dispersant include alkyl phenyl ether to which polyoxyethylene is added, alkyl ether to which polyoxyethylene is added, higher fatty acid ester to which polyoxyethylene is added, and polyoxyethylene. Nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan higher fatty acid esters added, tristyryl phenyl ether added with polyoxyethylene, sulfates of alkylphenols added with polyoxyethylene, metal salts of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid Ionic interfaces such as sulfuric acid ester salts of higher alcohols, sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, sodium lignesulfonate, formaldehyde condensates of sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, and copolymers of isobutylene-maleic anhydride Mention may be made of the sex and dispersants
[0039] また、上記の補助剤としては、例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリエチレング リコール、アラビアゴム、澱粉、乳糖等が挙げられる。 [0039] Examples of the above auxiliary agents include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, starch, and lactose.
[0040] 第一の本発明の防除剤の剤型は特に制限はなぐ例えば粉剤、水和剤、乳剤、フ ロアブル剤、粒剤等の、通常の農薬がとり得る形態をとることができる。  [0040] The dosage form of the pesticidal agent of the first invention is not particularly limited, and it can be in a form that can be taken by ordinary pesticides such as powders, wettable powders, emulsions, flowables, and granules.
[0041] 第一の本発明の防除剤を乳剤として製造する方法は特に制限はないが、界面活性 剤を含有する有機溶剤中に、採取'乾燥したぺニシリウム菌の胞子を混入させ、懸濁 液を調製することにより製造することができる。  [0041] The method for producing the first pesticidal agent of the present invention as an emulsion is not particularly limited, but the spores of the collected and dried Penicillium bacteria are mixed in an organic solvent containing a surfactant and suspended. It can be produced by preparing a liquid.
[0042] 力かる界面活性剤としては、胞子の発芽 ·生長を阻害しな!、性状のものであれば特 に制限はないが、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシェ チレングリコールモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレングリコールモノォレエートのいず れか 1種、または 2種以上を混合して用いることができる。また、力かる有機溶剤として は、例えば、大豆油、ナタネ油、ひまし油、綿実油、パーム油、サフラワー油等の植物 油、スピンドル油、ヘビーホワイトオイル、ライトホワイトオイル、ミネラルスピリット、ミネ ラルターペン、ナフテン油、パラフィン油、農薬用マシン油等の鉱物油、エチレンゃィ ソブテン等力 の重合物、シリコーンオイル等のいずれ力 1種、または 2種以上を混合 して用いることができる。 [0042] The powerful surfactants are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the germination and growth of the spores, and may have any properties. Examples thereof include polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene glycol monolau. Rate, polyoxyethylene glycol monooleate, or a mixture of two or more kinds. Examples of strong organic solvents include vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, and safflower oil, spindle oil, heavy white oil, light white oil, mineral spirit, and mineral oil. Mineral oils such as raltarpen, naphthenic oil, paraffin oil, agricultural chemical machine oils, etc., polymers such as ethylene diisobutene, and silicone oils can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0043] 第一の本発明の植物病害を防除する方法は、植物を栽培する土壌または植物体 に、第一の本発明の防除剤を施用する方法であれば特に制限はなぐ例えば、第一 の本発明の防除剤を、植物を栽培する土壌に混和、散布または灌注等を行うこと〖こ より、第一の本発明の防除剤を施用してもよぐあるいは、第一の本発明の防除剤を 植物体に直接塗布または散布等することにより、第一の本発明の防除剤を施用して もよい。ここで、土壌に施用する場合は、第一の本発明の防除剤を土壌に施用して から植物を植えてもよぐまた、植物を土壌に植えた後でその土壌に施用してもよい。  [0043] The first method for controlling a plant disease of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for applying the control agent of the first present invention to soil or a plant body for cultivating a plant. By mixing, spraying or irrigation with the soil for plant cultivation of the plant according to the present invention. The control agent of the first present invention may be applied by directly applying or spraying the control agent on the plant. Here, when applied to soil, the control agent of the first present invention may be applied to the soil before planting the plant, or the plant may be applied to the soil after planting. .
[0044] 第一の本発明の防除剤を散布処理する場合は、第一の本発明の防除剤を適当量 の水等で希釈して使用することができる。  When spraying the first pesticide of the present invention, the first pesticide of the present invention can be diluted with an appropriate amount of water or the like before use.
[0045] なお、第一の本発明の防除剤および農薬組成物の施用量は、第一の本発明の効 果を発揮する限り特に制限はないが、土壌に散布処理する場合は、 10aの土壌当た り、ぺ-シリウム菌の胞子濃度に換算して通常 1 X 103〜1 X 1010 clU/mlの防除剤溶 液を 50〜700L、好ましくは 100〜300L散布することができる。 [0045] The application rate of the pesticidal composition and the pesticidal composition of the first invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the first invention is exerted. In general, 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 10 clU / ml of a pesticide solution can be sprayed in an amount of 50 to 700 L, preferably 100 to 300 L, in terms of the spore concentration of ぺ -silium bacteria per soil.
[0046] 2.第二の本発明について  [0046] 2. Regarding the second present invention
< 1 >植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌の胞子  <1> Spores of filamentous fungi that have antagonistic action against plant pathogens
第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤は、植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌 の胞子を含有する。第二の本発明における「植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸 状菌」とは、植物の病害の病原菌のうち少なくとも 1種の病原菌に対して拮抗作用を 有する糸状菌を意味する。第二の本発明の糸状菌は、病原菌に対して拮抗作用を 発揮することにより、その病原菌により引き起こされる植物の病害を予防または治癒 する。ここでいう「植物の病害を予防する」とは、病原菌が感染していないか又は病徴 が現れていない植物を、その糸状菌を施用すること以外は同じ好適な条件で栽培し た場合に、その糸状菌を施用しなかった植物より、その糸状菌を施用した植物のその 病害の度合いが低いことをいう。また、前述した「植物の病害を治癒する」とは、病原 菌が感染して病徴が現れている植物を、その糸状菌を施用すること以外は同じ好適 な条件で栽培した場合に、その糸状菌を施用した植物より、その糸状菌を施用しな 力つた植物における病害の度合レ、が低レ、ことを!/、う。 The second agent for controlling plant diseases of the present invention contains spores of filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria. The “filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic fungi” in the second present invention means filamentous fungi having an antagonistic action against at least one kind of pathogenic fungi of plant diseases. The filamentous fungus according to the second aspect of the present invention exerts an antagonistic action against a pathogenic bacterium, thereby preventing or curing a plant disease caused by the pathogenic bacterium. The term `` prevent plant disease '' as used herein means that a plant that is not infected with pathogenic bacteria or has no symptoms is grown under the same suitable conditions except that the filamentous fungus is applied. This means that the degree of the disease of a plant to which the filamentous fungus has been applied is lower than that of a plant to which the filamentous fungus has not been applied. In addition, the above-mentioned “healing plant diseases” is the same as the above-mentioned method, except that a plant infected with a pathogenic bacterium and showing symptoms is applied to the plant except that the filamentous fungus is applied. When cultivated under suitable conditions, the degree of disease in plants that have not been treated with the filamentous fungus is lower than that of the plants that have been treated with the filamentous fungus.
[0047] 第二の本発明に用いる糸状菌としては、植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状 菌であれば特に制限はなレ、が、ぺニシリウム (Penicillium)属、タラロマイセス（ Talaromyces)属、グリオクラディウム（Gliockdium)属またはトリコデノレマ（Trichoderma )属に属する糸状菌であって、植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌が挙げら れる。ぺニシリウム属に属する糸状菌としては、ぺニシリウム ワックスマ二（Penicimum waksmanii) RU-15000 (FER BP- 10258)またはその変異体が好ましく、タラロマイセ ス属に属する糸状菌としては、タラロマイセス フラバス（Talaromyces flavus) Y - 9401 ( FERM P- 15816)またはその変異体が好ましぐダリオクラディウム属に属する糸状菌 としては、グリオクラディウム ビレンス（Gliocladium virens) G2 (FERM P - 17381)また はその変異体が好ましく、トリコデルマ属に属する糸状菌としては、トリコデルマ ビレ ンス（Trichoderma virens) ATCC13213,トリコデルマ ビレンス ATCC24290またはそ れらの変異体が好ましい。  [0047] The filamentous fungus used in the second present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a filamentous fungus having an antagonism to a plant pathogen, but the genus Penicillium, the genus Talaromyces, A filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Olidium (Gliockdium) or the genus Trichoderma, which has an antagonistic action against a plant pathogenic bacterium. As the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium, Penicimum waksmanii RU-15000 (FER BP-10258) or a mutant thereof is preferable. As the filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Talalomyces, Talaromyces flavus is preferred. As a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Dariocradium, which is preferred by Y-9401 (FERM P-15816) or a mutant thereof, Gliocladium virens (Gliocladium virens) G2 (FERM P-17381) or a mutant thereof The filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma are preferably Trichoderma virens ATCC13213, Trichoderma virens ATCC24290, or a mutant thereof.
[0048] 第二の本発明における「ある菌株の変異体」には、その菌株と同様の菌学的性質を 有し、かつ、植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有する菌株である限り、その菌株から誘 導されたレ、かなる変異体も含まれる。変異には、自然変異または化学的変異剤や紫 外線等による人工変異を含む。  [0048] The "variant of a certain strain" in the second aspect of the present invention includes a strain as long as it has the same bacteriological properties as the strain and has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria. And its variants are also included. Mutations include spontaneous mutations and artificial mutations caused by chemical mutagens, ultraviolet rays, and the like.
[0049] ぺニシリウム ワックスマ二 RU- 15000は、本出願人力 S、平成 15年 11月 21日より、 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センタ一 (茨城県つくば巿東 1 - 1 - 1 中央第 6)に受託番号 FERM P- 19592で寄託され、平成 17年（2005年） 2 月 23日にブダペスト条約に基づく国際寄託に移管され、受託番号 FERM BP- 10258 が付与されている。また、タラロマイセス フラバス Y- 9401は、本出願人が、平成 8年 9月 2日に通商産業省工業技術院生命工学技術研究所 特許微生物寄託センター ( 現独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター）に受託番号 FERM P- 15816で寄託されている。また、ダリオクラディウム ビレンス G2は、本出願人が、 平成 11年 4月 30日より、通商産業省工業技術院生命工学技術研究所 特許微生物 寄託センター (現独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生  [0049] Niscilium Waxmani RU-15000 was obtained from the applicant S on November 21, 2003 by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Organism Depositary Center 1 (Tsukuba Ito, Ibaraki Prefecture 1-1-1) Deposited at Central No. 6) under accession number FERM P-19592, transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on February 23, 2005, and given accession number FERM BP-10258. In addition, Talalomyces Flavus Y-9401 was filed by the applicant on September 2, 1996, with the Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center for Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry (now the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology). Deposit No. FERM P-15816. In addition, since April 30, 1999, the applicant has filed the Dario Cradium Virenz G2 with the Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center of the Institute of Biotechnology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (currently the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). Raw
訂正された闱鹩 物寄託センター）に受託番号 FERM P-17381で寄託されている。 Corrected 闱 鹩 Deposit No. FERM P-17381.
[0050] トリコデルマ ビレンス ATCC13213およびトリコデルマ ビレンス ATCC24290は、ァ メリカン 'タイプ'カルチヤ一'コレクション（アメリカ合衆国 ヴァージ-ァ州 20110— 2209 マナサス 10801 ュ-バーシティブルバード）力もそれぞれ入手することが できる。 [0050] The Trichoderma Billens ATCC13213 and the Trichoderma Billens ATCC24290 are also available in the American Type 'Culture I' collection (Virginia, USA, 20110-2209 Manassas 10801 Versatile Bird).
[0051] 第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤は、植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌 を一種のみ含有するものであってもよいし、そのような糸状菌を二種以上同時に含有 するものであってもよい。  [0051] The plant disease control agent of the second invention of the present invention may contain only one kind of filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria, or may contain two or more such filamentous fungi at the same time. It may be something.
[0052] また、第二の本発明に用いる糸状菌は、例えば、市販の生菌剤などに含まれてい るものを用いてもょ 、し、巿販の菌株を用いて培養したものを用いてもょ 、。  [0052] The filamentous fungus used in the second present invention may be, for example, one contained in a commercially available biocide or the like, or one cultured using a commercially available strain. Yeah.
[0053] 第二の本発明に用いる胞子は、糸状菌の胞子であり、分生子、子嚢胞子、厚膜胞 子が含まれる。第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤に含まれる胞子の種類は、一種の みであってもよいし、二種以上であってもよい。  [0053] The spores used in the second present invention are spores of filamentous fungi, and include conidia, ascospores, and chlamydospores. The type of spores contained in the plant disease controlling agent of the second present invention may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
[0054] 第二の本発明の胞子は、上記糸状菌の培養物から得られる。  [0054] The second spore of the present invention is obtained from a culture of the above filamentous fungus.
第二の本発明の糸状菌の培養は、糸状菌の通常の培養方法と同様の方法により 行うことができる。培養方法は、菌体が増殖する方法であれば、培地の種類や培養 条件等を問わず、いずれの方法でもよいが、固体培養の場合は、ポテトデキストロー ス寒天培地、ッァペックドックス寒天培地、麦芽寒天培地等を用いて静置培養するこ とができ、液体培養の場合は、ポテトデキストロース液体培地、ッァペックドックス液体 培地、麦芽液体培地等を用いて振とう培養することができ、さらに、大量培養する場 合は、フスマ、コムギ、ォォムギ、大豆粉等を用いて静置培養することができる。  The cultivation of the second filamentous fungus of the present invention can be performed by a method similar to the usual method for culturing filamentous fungi. The culture method may be any method as long as the cells can be grown, regardless of the type of culture medium and culture conditions.In the case of solid culture, potato dextrose agar medium, quapex dox agar Culture medium, malt agar medium, etc., and in the case of liquid culture, shaking culture using potato dextrose liquid medium, Wapek Dox liquid medium, malt liquid medium, etc. In the case of culturing in large quantities, static cultivation can be performed using bran, wheat, rye, soybean flour and the like.
[0055] ただし、糸状菌を胞子化させるため、培地の組成、培地の pH、培養温度、培養湿 度、培養する際の酸素濃度などの培養条件を、その胞子形成条件に適合させるよう に調製することが好ましい。  [0055] However, in order to make the filamentous fungus sporulate, the culture conditions such as the composition of the culture medium, the pH of the culture medium, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, and the oxygen concentration during the culture are adjusted to match the sporulation conditions. Is preferred.
[0056] 培養で得られた培養物は、固体培養物をフルイ機にかけたり、液体培養物を遠心 分離するなどして胞子を分離 ·回収して用いる。  [0056] The culture obtained by the culture is used by separating and recovering spores by, for example, placing a solid culture on a sieving machine or centrifuging a liquid culture.
[0057] 固体培養物力 の胞子の回収方法については特に制限はないが、例えば、胞子を 含む固体培養物を目開き 0. 25mmのフルイ機にかけ、培養担体を除いた胞子濃縮 物を得る。あるいは、固体培養物を容器中の流動パラフィンに加えてよく攪拌した後 、その溶液を綿布で絞り出し、胞子懸濁液を得ることもできる。また、綿布に残ったも のを再度流動パラフィンに加えてよく攪拌した後、その溶液を綿布で絞り出すという 操作を繰り返すことにより、糸状菌の培養物力 回収される胞子の回収率を上げるこ とがでさる。 [0057] There is no particular limitation on the method of recovering spores in the form of a solid culture medium. For example, a spore-containing solid culture is placed on a 0.25 mm sieve with a sieve with a mesh size of 0.25 mm, and the spore concentration is removed from the spores. Get things. Alternatively, the spore suspension can be obtained by adding the solid culture to liquid paraffin in a container, stirring well, and then squeezing the solution with a cotton cloth. In addition, by repeating the operation of adding what was left on the cotton cloth to liquid paraffin again, stirring well, and then squeezing the solution with a cotton cloth, the culture power of the filamentous fungus can increase the recovery rate of spores recovered. Monkey
[0058] なお、第二の本発明の別の態様は、培養菌体物から白色鉱物油で糸状菌の分生 子を回収する方法である。本方法は以下の通りである。  [0058] Another embodiment of the second present invention is a method for recovering conidia of a filamentous fungus from a cultured cell body using white mineral oil. The method is as follows.
糸状菌の分生子を含む固体培養物を容器中の白色鉱物油に加えてよく攪拌した 後、その溶液を綿布で絞り出し、分生子懸濁液を得ることもできる。また、綿布に残つ たものを再度白色鉱物油に加えてよく攪拌した後、その溶液を綿布で絞り出すという 操作を繰り返すことにより、糸状菌の培養物力 回収される分生子の回収率を上げる ことができる。  After adding the solid culture containing the conidia of the filamentous fungus to the white mineral oil in the container and stirring well, the solution can be squeezed out with a cotton cloth to obtain a conidia suspension. In addition, by repeating the operation of adding the residue remaining on the cotton cloth to the white mineral oil and stirring well, and then squeezing out the solution with a cotton cloth, the culture power of the filamentous fungus is increased, thereby increasing the recovery rate of conidia recovered. Can be.
[0059] < 2 >糸状菌の胞子の生存に悪影響を与えな!/、鉱物油  [0059] <2> Do not adversely affect the survival of filamentous fungal spores! /, Mineral oil
第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤は、上記の糸状菌の胞子と共に、その胞子の生 存に悪影響を与えな！/ヽ鉱物油を含有して！/ヽる。  The second agent for controlling plant diseases of the present invention, together with the spores of the above filamentous fungi, does not adversely affect the survival of the spores! / ヽ Contains mineral oil! / Puru.
[0060] 第二の本発明に用いる鉱物油としては、上記の糸状菌の胞子の生存に悪影響を 与えな 、鉱物油であれば特に制限はな 、。第二の本発明に用いる鉱物油としては、 無色透明である白色鉱物油、より好ましくは水素添加して精製された流動パラフィン 、または、水素添加し、さらに硫酸洗浄して精製された流動パラフィンが挙げられる。 上記の鉱物油はいずれも市販されており、一般に入手は容易である。  [0060] The mineral oil used in the second present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the survival of the spores of the above filamentous fungi. The mineral oil used in the second invention is a white mineral oil which is colorless and transparent, more preferably liquid paraffin purified by hydrogenation, or liquid paraffin purified by hydrogenation and further washed with sulfuric acid. No. All of the above mineral oils are commercially available and generally readily available.
[0061] 第二の本発明に用いる流動パラフィンは、白色鉱物油の一種で、 40°Cの動粘度が 3〜20mm2Zsの範囲内、沸点が 240〜400°Cの範囲内にある。精製方法の違いに よって、性質の若干異なる種々の流動パラフィンが得られる。例えば、溶剤洗浄や、 高圧水添、硫酸洗浄等の工程を経ることにより成分中の芳香族成分を少なくすること ができ、精製度の高 、流動パラフィンを得ることができる。 The liquid paraffin used in the second invention is a kind of white mineral oil, and has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. within a range of 3 to 20 mm 2 Zs and a boiling point within a range of 240 to 400 ° C. Depending on the purification method, various liquid paraffins with slightly different properties can be obtained. For example, the aromatic components in the components can be reduced by passing through steps such as solvent washing, high-pressure hydrogenation, and sulfuric acid washing, so that highly purified liquid paraffin can be obtained.
[0062] 流動パラフィンは長年に渡って農業用途に用いられている上、食品添加物にも指 定されており、安全性が十分に確認されている物質である。流動パラフィンは、その 粘度の違いにより植物や動物に対する作用は異なることが知られており、動粘度が 低くなれば草本類の軟らかい葉にも影響が少なくなる。また、粘度が高くなれば、昆 虫ゃノ、ダニに対する作用が高くなる。しかし、流動パラフィンの種類の違いが糸状菌 の胞子に対して与える影響は少なぐ第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤においては 種々の流動パラフィンを用いることができる。 [0062] Liquid paraffin has been used for agricultural purposes for many years, and is also specified as a food additive, and its safety has been sufficiently confirmed. Liquid paraffin is known to have different effects on plants and animals due to its difference in viscosity. The lower it is, the less affected the soft leaves of herbs. In addition, the higher the viscosity, the higher the action against insects and mites. However, various kinds of liquid paraffin can be used in the second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention, in which the difference in the type of liquid paraffin exerts little effect on the spores of the filamentous fungi.
[0063] < 3 >植物病害防除剤  [0063] <3> Plant disease controlling agent
第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤は、植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌 の胞子、および、その胞子の生存に悪影響を与えない鉱物油を含有する植物病害 防除剤を含有するものである。  The second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention contains a plant disease controlling agent containing a spore of a filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against a plant pathogen and a mineral oil which does not adversely affect the survival of the spore. is there.
[0064] 第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤に含まれる上記の糸状菌の胞子濃度は、第二の 本発明の効果を損なわない限り特に制限はないが、胞子濃度に換算して、好ましく は lO4 ^)10 cfo/ml、より好ましくは 106〜109 cfo/mlとすることができる。このような 範囲であると、第二の本発明の効果がより十分に発揮されるからである。 [0064] The spore concentration of the above-mentioned filamentous fungus contained in the plant disease controlling agent of the second present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the second present invention is not impaired. Can be 10 4 cfo / ml, more preferably 10 6 to 10 9 cfo / ml. This is because in such a range, the effect of the second present invention is more sufficiently exhibited.
[0065] また、第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤は、第二の本発明の効果が発揮される限り 、上記の鉱物油の含有量に特に制限はないが、防除剤全量に対して 80〜99重量 %含有することが好ましぐ 85〜95重量％含有することが特に好ましい。このような範 囲であると、安定した製剤が得られるからである。  [0065] The content of the mineral oil in the plant disease controlling agent of the second invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the second invention is exerted. It is preferred to contain from 80 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably from 85 to 95% by weight. This is because a stable formulation can be obtained in such a range.
使用にあたっては、水で 500〜4000倍に希釈して植物に散布することができる。  For use, it can be diluted 500-4000 times with water and sprayed on plants.
[0066] また、第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤は、第二の本発明の効果を妨げない限り、 上記糸状菌の胞子及び上記鉱物油以外に、任意の成分を含有していてもよい。その ような任意の成分として、二酸化珪素粉末、微細粘土鉱物等の添加剤、ァニオン型、 カチオン型、両性型等の界面活性剤が挙げられる。これらの添加剤、界面活性剤を 含有させると、糸状菌の胞子が鉱物油内でより均一に分散し、第二の本発明の植物 病害防除剤の製品としての安定性がより向上する。 [0066] Further, the plant disease controlling agent of the second invention may contain any component other than the spores of the filamentous fungus and the mineral oil as long as the effects of the second invention are not impaired. Good. Examples of such optional components include additives such as silicon dioxide powder and fine clay minerals, and surfactants such as anion type, cationic type and amphoteric type. When these additives and surfactants are contained, the spores of the filamentous fungi are more uniformly dispersed in the mineral oil, and the stability of the second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention as a product is further improved.
[0067] また、二酸化珪素粉末 (例えば「カープレッツタス」（デグッサ (Degussa)社製) )は、 保存中の製剤中で胞子の沈降を抑え、使用時にあたってボトル力 製剤を取り扱い 易くする。  [0067] Also, silicon dioxide powder (eg, "Carplettus" (manufactured by Degussa)) suppresses sedimentation of spores in the stored formulation, and facilitates handling of the bottled formulation during use.
第二の本発明の防除剤の乳剤を製造する方法については特に制限はないが、例 えば、界面活性剤を含有する第二の本発明の鉱物油中に、採取したぺ-シリウム菌 の胞子を混入させ、懸濁液を調製することにより製造することができる。 The method for producing the emulsion of the second control agent of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, the ぺ -silium bacteria collected in the second mineral oil of the present invention containing a surfactant can be used. And by preparing a suspension.
[0068] この様にして得られる第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤が適応される植物の病害は 、第二の本発明の糸状菌が拮抗作用を示す病原菌が植物に感染することよって引き 起こされる植物の病害であれば特に制限はないが、第二の本発明の糸状菌が拮抗 作用を示す病原菌であって、かび類に属する病原菌が植物に感染することによって Iき起こされる植物の病害が特に好まし 、。  [0068] The plant disease to which the plant disease control agent of the second invention of the present invention obtained as described above is applied is caused by infection of the plant with a pathogenic bacterium which exhibits the antagonistic action of the filamentous fungus of the second invention. There is no particular limitation as long as the disease of the plant is caused by the disease, but the fungus of the second aspect of the present invention is a pathogenic bacterium exhibiting an antagonistic action, and the pathogenic fungus belonging to the fungi is caused by the infection of the plant. Diseases are particularly preferred.
[0069] 第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤が適応される植物の病害として、例えば、ぺ-シ リウム属、タラロマイセス属、ダリオクラディウム属またはトリコデルマ属に属する糸状 菌が拮抗作用を示す病原菌が植物に感染することによって引き起こされる植物の病 害が挙げられ、その中でもべ-シリウム ワックスマ-、タラロマイセス フラバス、グリ オクラディウム ビレンスまたはトリコデルマ ビレンスが拮抗作用を示す病原菌が植 物に感染することによって引き起こされる植物の病害が好ましく、その中でもべ-シリ ゥム ワックスマ- FERM BP- 10258、タラロマイセス フラバス FERM P- 15816、グ リオクラディウム ビレンス FERM P- 17381、トリコデルマ ビレンス ATCC13213ま たはトリコデルマ ビレンス ATCC24290が拮抗作用を示す病原菌が植物に感染す ることによって引き起こされる植物の病害が特に好ましい。  [0069] As a plant disease to which the second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention is applied, for example, a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus ぺ -silium, the genus Talalomyces, the genus Dariocladium or the genus Trichoderma exhibits an antagonistic effect. Plant diseases caused by infecting plants with pathogens include, among others, those caused by infecting plants with antagonism of bacillium waxma, Talalomyces flavus, gliocladium billens or trichoderma billens. Among them, preferred are plant diseases, of which, among them, benzodiamine waxmer FERM BP-10258, Talalomyces flavus FERM P-15816, Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381, Trichoderma virens ATCC13213 or Trichoderma virens ATCC24290 exhibit an antagonistic action. Pathogens infecting plants Therefore plant disease caused particularly preferred.
[0070] ぺ-シリウム ワックスマ-が拮抗作用を示す病原菌が植物に感染することによって 引き起こされる植物の病害としては、イチゴうどんこ病、ゥリ類うどんこ病、ノ ラうどんこ 病等のうどんこ病、イチゴ炭疽病、ゥリ類炭疽病、チヤ炭疽病、マンゴー炭疽病、カキ 炭疽病、核果類の炭疽病等の炭疽病、トマト葉かび病が挙げられる。  [0070] Plant diseases caused by infecting plants with pathogens that exhibit antagonism of ぺ -silium waxma include powdery mildew such as strawberry powdery mildew, cucumber powdery mildew, and nora powdery mildew. Disease, strawberry anthracnose, perilla anthracnose, char anthracnose, mango anthrax, oyster anthracnose, anthracnose such as anthracnose of drupes, and tomato leaf mold.
[0071] また、タラロマイセス フラバスが拮抗作用を示す病原菌が植物に感染することによ つて引き起こされる植物の病害としては、イチゴうどんこ病、トマト葉かび病、チヤ炭疽 病が挙げられる。  [0071] In addition, examples of plant diseases caused by infection of plants with pathogens exhibiting an antagonistic action by Talalomyces flavus include strawberry powdery mildew, tomato leaf mold, and anthrax of sycamore.
[0072] また、ダリオクラディウム ビレンスゃトリコデルマ ビレンスが拮抗作用を示す病原 菌が植物に感染することによって引き起こされる植物の病害としては、イネ科に属す るコゥライ芝のラージパッチ、ベントグラスのブラウンパッチおよびダラースポット、アブ ラナ科に属するブロッコリ一の根こぶ病、ハクサイの根こぶ病、キャベツの苗立枯病 および菌核病、ダイコンの萎黄病、ユリ科に属するネギの白絹病および萎凋病、タマ ネギの灰色腐敗病、ァカザ科に属するホウレンソゥの株腐病、立枯病および萎凋病、 ャマノィモ科に属するナガィモの褐色腐敗病、ナデシコ科に属するカーネーションの 萎凋病、セリ科に属するパセリの萎凋病、キク科に属するレタスの根腐病、ナス科に 属するトマトの萎凋病、根腐萎凋病、褐色根腐病および半身萎凋病、ナスの半身萎 凋病、ジャガイモのそうか病、ゥリ科に属するスイカのつる枯れ病、メロンのつる割病 および黒点根腐病、ヒルガオ科に属するサツマィモの紫紋羽病、サトイモ科に属する コンニヤクの根腐病、バラ科に属するイチゴの萎黄病、ナシの白紋羽病などが挙げら れる。 [0072] Plant diseases caused by infecting plants with pathogens that exhibit antagonism by Dario cladium virens trichoderma virens include large patches of korai turf belonging to the family Poaceae and brown patches of bentgrass. And dollar spots, clubroot of broccoli belonging to the Abrana family, clubroot of Chinese cabbage, seedling blight and sclerotium of cabbage, yellow rot of radish, white silk and wilt of leek belonging to the lily family , Tama Gray rot of green onion, spinach rot of spinach belonging to the family Laceae, damping-off and wilt, Brown rot of nagaimo belonging to the family Yamanimo, wilt of carnation belonging to the family Aceraceae, wilt of parsley belonging to the family Apiaceae Root rot of lettuce belonging to Asteraceae, Wilt rot of tomato belonging to Solanaceae, Root rot, Brown root rot and half body wilt, Half body wilt of eggplant, Scab of potato, Pelliaceae Watermelon wilt, Melon wilt and sunspot rot of Melon, Purple root rot of Sweet potato belonging to Convolvulaceae, Root rot of konjac belonging to Araceae, Yellow rot of strawberry belonging to Rosaceae, Pear White root rot, etc.
[0073] < 4 >第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤の施用方法および第二の本発明の植物病 害防除剤を施用することによる植物の病害の防除方法  <4> A second method for applying the plant disease controlling agent of the present invention and a second method for controlling plant disease by applying the plant disease controlling agent of the present invention
[0074] 第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤は、上記のような各種植物の各種病害を防除す る目的で植物を栽培する土壌または植物体に施用することができるが、その施用方 法に特に制限はなぐ病害の種類や適用植物の種類等によって適宜選択される。例 えば、第二の本発明の防除剤を、植物を栽培する土壌に混和、散布または灌注等を 行うことにより、第二の本発明の防除剤を施用してもよぐあるいは、第二の本発明の 防除剤を植物体に直接塗布または散布等することにより、第二の本発明の防除剤を 施用してもよい。ここで、土壌に施用する場合は、第二の本発明の防除剤を土壌に 施用してから植物を植えてもよぐまた、植物を土壌に植えた後でその土壌に施用し てもよい。第二の本発明の防除剤を散布処理する場合は、第二の本発明の防除剤 を適当量の水等で希釈して使用することができる。  [0074] The second plant disease controlling agent of the present invention can be applied to soil or plants where plants are cultivated for the purpose of controlling various diseases of various plants as described above. In particular, the restriction is appropriately selected depending on the type of the disease to be mutilated, the type of the plant to be applied, and the like. For example, by mixing, spraying, or irrigating the soil with which the plant is cultivated with the second control agent of the present invention, the second control agent of the present invention may be applied, or The second pesticide of the present invention may be applied by directly applying or spraying the pesticide of the present invention on a plant. Here, when applied to soil, a plant may be planted after applying the second control agent of the present invention to soil, or it may be applied to the soil after planting the plant. . When spraying the second pesticide of the present invention, the pesticide of the second present invention can be diluted with an appropriate amount of water or the like before use.
[0075] なお、第二の本発明の植物病害防除剤の施用量は、病害の種類、適用植物の種 類等によって異なるため一概には規定できないが、土壌に散布処理する場合は、 10 a当たり、糸状菌の胞子濃度に換算して通常 104〜106cfo/mlの防除剤溶液を 50〜3 OOL散布することができる。 [0075] The application rate of the plant disease controlling agent of the second invention of the present invention differs depending on the type of disease, the type of plant to be applied, and the like, and cannot be unconditionally specified. In this case, 50 to 3 OOL of a pesticidal solution, which is usually 10 4 to 10 6 cfo / ml in terms of the spore concentration of the filamentous fungus, can be applied.
実施例 1  Example 1
[0076] 以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明する。  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
(ぺ -シリゥム ·ワックスマ- RU— 15000菌株の単離）  (Isolation of ゥ -Silium Waxma-RU-15,000)
[0077] 沖縛県各地のマンゴー栽培圃場力 マンゴーの葉を採集し、葉面上に生息してい た糸状菌を後述のローズベンガル培地で分離した。分離した糸状菌は PDA培地に 保存した。得られた菌株からマンゴー炭 H [病菌（Colletotrichum gleosporioides)に対 して拮抗作用を有する菌株を以下の方法で選別した。すなわち、分離した菌を PDA 培地上で 25°C、 4日間培養し、菌叢最先端部を培地ごと直径 5mmの滅菌したコルク ボーラ一で打ち抜き、その打ち抜いた菌叢と、同様に培養して打ち抜いたマンゴー 炭疽病菌の菌叢とを PDA培地上で対畤培養した。それから 5日後に炭疽病菌の菌 叢半径を測定し、マンゴー炭疽病菌の生育を抑制した菌株を選別した。このようにし てぺニシリゥム ·ワックスマ二 RU - 15000菌株カ得られた。 [0077] Mango cultivation field power in various parts of Okibashi Prefecture Mango leaves are collected and inhabit on the leaf surface. The filamentous fungi were separated on a Rose Bengal medium described below. The isolated filamentous fungi were stored in PDA medium. From the obtained strains, strains having an antagonistic effect on mango charcoal H [Colletotrichum gleosporioides] were selected by the following method. In other words, the isolated bacteria were cultured on a PDA medium at 25 ° C for 4 days, the leading edge of the flora was punched out together with the medium with a sterilized 5 mm diameter cork borer, and cultured in the same manner as the punched flora. The punched mango and the flora of B. anthracis were cultured on a PDA medium. Five days later, the flora radius of B. anthracis was measured and strains that inhibited the growth of B. anthracis were selected. In this way, a strain of Penicillium Waxmanii RU-15,000 was obtained.
[0078] (ローズベンガル培地の組成） [0078] (Composition of Rose Bengal Medium)
ペプトン： 5g ; リン酸一カリウム： 0. 5g ; リン酸二カリウム： 0. 5g ; 硫酸マグネシゥ ム七水塩： 0. 5g ; グノレコース： 10g ; イーストエキス： 0. 5g ; ローズべンガノレ： 0. 0 5g ; ストレプトマイシン硫酸塩： 0. 03g ; 寒天： 20g ; 蒸留水： 1000ml 実施例 2  Peptone: 5g; Monopotassium phosphate: 0.5g; Dipotassium phosphate: 0.5g; Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate: 0.5g; Gunorecose: 10g; Yeast extract: 0.5g; Rose venganore: 0.5g 0.5 g; streptomycin sulfate: 0.03 g; agar: 20 g; distilled water: 1000 ml
[0079] (ぺ -シリウム 'ワックスマ-の培養）  [0079] (Culture of ぺ -silium 'waxmer')
(1)固体培養  (1) Solid culture
[0080] ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ- RU— 15000菌株の胞子を PDA培地で 5日間 25°Cで静 置培養した後、白金耳で一部を PDブロスに接種し、 25°Cで一晩振とう培養した。次 に、水分含量を 50重量％に調製した滅菌済みのフスマに PDブロス培養液の一部を 接種し、混合した後、 25°Cで固体静置培養を開始した。 7日間培養した後、胞子数 を計測したところ、フスマ lg当たり I X 101G個の胞子が形成されていた。フスマを乾燥 した後、フルイ機にかけることにより RU— 15000菌株の胞子が大量に得られた。[0080] After spores of ぺ -silium 'Waxma-RU-15000 strain were statically cultured in a PDA medium for 5 days at 25 ° C, a portion of the spores was inoculated with a platinum loop into PD broth and shaken at 25 ° C overnight. Culture was continued. Next, a part of the PD broth culture solution was inoculated into a sterilized bran whose water content was adjusted to 50% by weight, mixed, and then the solid stationary culture was started at 25 ° C. After culturing for 7 days, the number of spores was measured. As a result, IX 10 1G spores were formed per lg of bran. After drying the bran, the spores of the RU-15000 strain were obtained in large quantities by using a sieve.
(2)液体培養 (2) Liquid culture
[0081] ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ- RU— 15000菌株を PDA培地で 5日間 25°Cで静置培養 した後、白金耳で一部を麦芽エキス (DIFCO社製)を用いた液体培地に接種し、 25 °Cで振とう培養を行った。 7日間培養後、培養液中の胞子数を計測したところ、培養 液 lml当たり 1 X 108個の胞子が形成されていた。この培養液をガーゼでろ過し、遠 心分離することにより RU— 15000菌株の胞子が大量に得られた。 [0081] ぺ -Silium 'Waxma-RU-15,000 was cultured in a PDA medium for 5 days at 25 ° C, and then inoculated in a platinum loop with a liquid medium using malt extract (DIFCO). And shaking culture at 25 ° C. After culturing for 7 days, the number of spores in the culture solution was measured. As a result, 1 × 10 8 spores were formed per 1 ml of the culture solution. The culture was filtered through gauze and centrifuged to obtain large amounts of RU-15000 spores.
実施例 3 [0082] (製剤例 1) Example 3 (Formulation Example 1)
前述の実施例 2 (1)における固体培養で得られたぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ二 RU— 1 5000菌株の粉砕物 10gに、界面活性剤として、アルキルナフテンスルホネート 5gを 加え、担体として粘度鉱物 (勝光山鉱業所社製: Kクレー） 85gを配合して、水和剤を 調製した。この水和剤の胞子濃度は、 1 X 109cfo/gであった。 5 g of alkyl naphthene sulfonate as a surfactant was added to 10 g of ground material of ぺ -silium 'Waxmanii RU-15000 strain obtained by the solid culture in Example 2 (1), and a viscous mineral A wettable powder was prepared by blending 85 g of Mitsuyama Mining Co., Ltd .: K clay. The spore concentration of this wettable powder was 1 × 10 9 cfo / g.
実施例 4  Example 4
[0083] (イチゴうどんこ病に対する防除効果の確認）  (Confirmation of control effect against strawberry powdery mildew)
イチゴの親株 2株（品種：さちの力 )を 20 X 60cmのプランターに植え、ランナーを発 生させた。これを、土を詰めた直径 9cmの黒いビニールポットで順次受け苗を育成し た。  Two strawberry parent strains (variety: Sachi no Miki) were planted in a 20 x 60 cm planter to generate runners. The seedlings were grown in black plastic pots with a diameter of 9 cm filled with soil.
[0084] 試験は上記のようなプランターを 6つ用意して行った。この時点では、いずれのイチ ゴにもうどんこ病の発生はな力 た。用意したプランターのうち 3つのプランターのィ チゴには無処理区の 3連制として水道水を散布した。残りの 3つのプランターのイチ ゴには、製剤例 1の防除剤を水道水で 1000倍に希釈したものを 7日間隔で 6回、十 分に散布した。最終散布から 1週間後、自然発病で発生したうどんこ病の発病度合 いを調査した。まず、イチゴ苗の上位 3複葉の各小葉毎に、表 1に示すような発病の 程度に照らし合わせて発病指数をつけた。  [0084] The test was performed by preparing six planters as described above. At this point, none of the strawberries had developed powdery mildew. Tap water was sprayed on strawberries of three of the prepared planters as a three-unit system in the untreated area. To the remaining three planter strawberries, the control agent of Formulation Example 1 diluted 1000 times with tap water was sprayed 6 times at 7-day intervals. One week after the final application, the extent of the occurrence of naturally occurring powdery mildew was investigated. First, a disease index was assigned to each leaflet of the top three compound leaves of strawberry seedlings, based on the degree of disease as shown in Table 1.
[0085] [表 1]  [0085] [Table 1]
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
[0086] そのデータを基にして発病小葉率、および下記の式 1により定義される発病度を算 出した。 [0086] Based on the data, the diseased lobule rate and the disease severity defined by the following formula 1 were calculated.
[0087] [数 1] 0 Χη0+ 1 Χ η, + 2 Χ η2+3 Χ η3 + 4 Χ η4 [0087] [Equation 1] 0 Χη 0 + 1 η η, + 2 η η 2 +3 Χ η3 + 4 Χ η 4
発病度 （％) = X 100 式 1  Severity (%) = X 100 Formula 1
4 XN  4 XN
[0088] 但し、 Nは調査した総小葉数、 n〜nは発病指数 0〜4のそれぞれに属する小葉数 [0088] Here, N is the total number of leaflets investigated, and n to n are the number of leaflets belonging to each of the disease indices 0 to 4.
0 4  0 4
[0089] さらに、この発病度のデータを基に、下記の式 2により定義されるような無処理区に 対する防除価を算出した。  Further, based on the data of the disease incidence, a control value for an untreated plot as defined by the following formula 2 was calculated.
[0090] [数 2] 無処理区の発病度一散布区の発病度 [Equation 2] Degree of disease in untreated plots-Degree of disease in scatter plots
防除価 （％) = X 1 00 式 2 無処理区の発病度  Control value (%) = X100 Formula 2 Degree of disease in untreated plot
[0091] その結果を表 2に示す, [0091] The results are shown in Table 2,
[0092] [表 2]  [0092] [Table 2]
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000020_0001
[0093] 表 2の結果から明らかなように、無処理区に比べて RU— 15000菌株散布区では、 イチゴうどんこ病の発病が抑制された。 [0093] As is evident from the results in Table 2, the occurrence of strawberry powdery mildew was suppressed in the RU-15000 strain application plot as compared with the untreated plot.
実施例 5  Example 5
[0094] (イチゴ炭疽病に対する防除効果の確認）  [0094] (Confirmation of control effect against strawberry anthracnose)
実施例 4のイチゴうどんこ病の発病度合 、を調査した時に、それらのイチゴのラン ナー、葉柄、葉におけるイチゴ炭疽病の発病痕を調査し、イチゴ炭疽病の発病が認 められた株数を数えて発病株率を算出した。さらに、この発病株率のデータを基に、 下記の式 3に定義されるような防除価を算出した。  When the degree of occurrence of strawberry powdery mildew in Example 4 was investigated, the pathogens of strawberry anthrax in those runners, petioles, and leaves of the strawberry were examined, and the number of strains in which strawberry anthracnose was detected was determined. The diseased strain rate was calculated by counting. Furthermore, based on the data on the disease-causing strain rate, a control value as defined in the following formula 3 was calculated.
[0095] [数 3] 無処理区の発病株率一散布区の発病株率 [0095] [Number 3] Disease rate in untreated plots-Disease rate in spray plots
防除価 （％) = X 1 0 0 式 3 無処理区の発病株率  Control value (%) = X 100 Formula 3 Rate of diseased strain in untreated plot
[0096] その結果を表 3に示す。 [0096] The results are shown in Table 3.
[0097] [表 3] [0097] [Table 3]
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000021_0001
[0098] 表 3の結果から明らかなように、無処理区に比べて RU— 15000菌株散布区では、 イチゴ炭疽病の発病が抑制された。 [0098] As is evident from the results in Table 3, the occurrence of strawberry anthrax was suppressed in the RU-15,000 strain application plot compared to the untreated plot.
実施例 6  Example 6
[0099] (チヤ炭疽病に対する防除効果の確認）  [0099] (Confirmation of control effect against anthrax of charr)
やぶきた 10年生の茶を用い、 1区 30m2、反復なしで、 3番茶を対象とした。 2番茶 を 6月 23日に摘採し、 100%萌芽した 7月 14日から 7日毎に 4回、製剤例 1の防除剤 を水道水で 1000倍希釈したものを 300LZa散布した。無処理区には防除剤の希釈 液の代わりに水道水を散布した。最終散布から 1週間後の 8月 11日と 3週間後の 8月 25日に、茶の栽培面積 lm2中にある茶の病葉数を、無処理区および散布区のそれ ぞれで 3箇所ずつ調べた。発病葉は調査毎に除去した。 Using a 10-year-old tea Yabukita, District 1 30m 2, without repetition, targeting the 3 crop. No. 2 tea was picked on June 23, and the control agent of Formulation Example 1 diluted 1000 times with tap water was sprayed 300 LZa four times every 7 days from July 14 when 100% germination occurred. Tap water was sprayed on the untreated area instead of the diluted solution of the control agent. On August 11, one week after the last application and August 25 days after 3 weeks, the Wakuraba number of tea is in acreage tea lm 2, the non-treated group and sprayed plot it Zorede three I examined each. Diseased leaves were removed after each survey.
[0100] この病葉数のデータを基に、下記の式 4により定義されるような無処理区に対する 防除価を算出した。  [0100] Based on the data on the number of diseased leaves, a control value for an untreated plot as defined by the following formula 4 was calculated.
[0101] [数 4] 無処理区の病葉数—散布区の病葉数  [0101] [Equation 4] Number of diseased leaves in untreated area—number of diseased leaves in sprayed area
防除価 （％) = X 1 0 0 式 4  Control value (%) = X 100 Formula 4
無処理区の病葉数 [0102] その結果を表 4に示す。 Number of diseased leaves in untreated area [0102] The results are shown in Table 4.
[0103] [表 4] [0103] [Table 4]
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
[0104] 表 4の結果から明らかなように、無処理区に比べて RU— 15000菌株散布区では、 チヤ炭疽病の発病が抑制された。また、表 4の結果から、最終散布から約 1ヶ月経過 しても、本発明の防除剤の防除効果が持続していることが分力つた。 [0104] As is evident from the results in Table 4, the incidence of the anthrax of the anthracnose was suppressed in the RU-15,000 strain sprayed area as compared with the untreated area. From the results in Table 4, it has been confirmed that even after about one month from the last application, the controlling effect of the controlling agent of the present invention is maintained.
実施例 7  Example 7
[0105] (糸状菌の培養）  [0105] (Culture of filamentous fungi)
(1)固体培養  (1) Solid culture
[0106] ぺ-シリウム ワックスマ- FERM BP-10258の胞子を PDA培地で 5日間 25°Cで静 置培養した後、白金耳で一部を PDブロスに接種し、 25°Cで一晩振とう培養した。次 に、水分含量を 50重量％に予め調製した滅菌済みのフスマに PDブロス培養液の一 部を接種し、混合した後、 25°Cで固体静置培養を開始した。 7日間培養した後、胞 子数を計測したところ、フスマ lg当たり I X 101G個の胞子が形成されていた。フスマを 乾燥した後、フルイ機にかけることにより FERM BP-10258の胞子を大量に回収するこ とができた。 [0106] After spores of ぺ -silium waxma-FERM BP-10258 were cultured in PDA medium for 5 days at 25 ° C, a part of the broth was inoculated into PD broth and shaken at 25 ° C overnight. Cultured. Next, a part of the PD broth culture solution was inoculated into a sterilized bran in which the water content was previously adjusted to 50% by weight, mixed, and then the solid stationary culture was started at 25 ° C. After culturing for 7 days, the number of spores was measured. As a result, IX 10 1G spores were formed per lg of bran. After drying the bran, the spores of FERM BP-10258 could be recovered in large quantities by using a sieve.
(2)液体培養  (2) Liquid culture
[0107] ぺ-シリウム ワックスマ- FERM BP- 10258を PDA培地で 5日間 25°Cで静置培養 した後、白金耳で一部を麦芽エキス (DIFCO社製)を用いた液体培地に接種し、 25 °Cで振とう培養を行った。 7日間培養後、培養液中の胞子数を計測したところ、培養 液 lml当たり 1 X 108個の胞子が形成されていた。この培養液をガーゼでろ過し、遠 心分離することにより FERM BP-10258の胞子が大量に得られた。 [0107] After 静 -silium waxma-FERM BP-10258 was allowed to stand and cultured at 25 ° C for 5 days in a PDA medium, a portion of the platinum loop was used to inoculate a liquid medium using malt extract (manufactured by DIFCO). twenty five Shaking culture was performed at ° C. After culturing for 7 days, the number of spores in the culture solution was measured. As a result, 1 × 10 8 spores were formed per 1 ml of the culture solution. This culture was filtered through gauze and centrifuged to obtain a large amount of FERM BP-10258 spores.
実施例 8  Example 8
[0108] (製剤例 2〜4)  (Formulation Examples 2 to 4)
前述の実施例 7 (1)の方法で回収したぺ-シリウム ワックスマ- FERM BP-10258 の胞子 10重量部と、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル系界面活性剤 5重量部に 、 85重量部の流動パラフィンをカ卩えて乳剤とした (製剤例 2)。また、ぺ-シリウム ヮ ックスマ- FERM BP- 10258に代えて、タラロマイセス フラバス FERM P- 15816、グリ オクラディウム ビレンス FERM P-17381をそれぞれ用いて同様の操作を行って乳剤 を得た (それぞれ製剤例 3、製剤例 4)。  85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin was added to 10 parts by weight of spores of ぺ -silium wax FERM BP-10258 recovered by the method of Example 7 (1) and 5 parts by weight of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactant. The emulsion was prepared by kneading (preparation example 2). Also, instead of を 得 -silium ッ ク ス xma-FERM BP-10258, an emulsion was obtained by performing the same operation using, respectively, Talalomyces flavus FERM P-15816 and Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381 (Formulation Examples 3, 3 respectively). Formulation Example 4).
[0109] 製剤例 2〜4の胞子濃度は、それぞれ 50 X 109cfo/g、 1. 5 X 109cfo/g、 3. 0 X 108 clU/gでめつ 7こ。 [0109] The concentration of spores Formulation Examples 2-4, respectively 50 X 10 9 cfo / g, 1. 5 X 10 9 cfo / g, blinking 7 this in 3. 0 X 10 8 clU / g .
[0110] また、用いた流動パラフィンの性状は、比重 0. 8560 (15Z4°C)、動粘度 7. 98m m2Zs (40°C)、引火点 160°Cである。 [0110] In addition, the properties of the liquid paraffin was used, specific gravity 0. 8560 (15Z4 ° C), kinematic viscosity 7. 98m m 2 Zs (40 ° C), a flash point 160 ° C.
実施例 9  Example 9
[0111] (イチゴうどんこ病に対する防除効果の確認）  [0111] (Confirmation of control effect against strawberry powdery mildew)
[0112] ポット育苗したイチゴ苗（品種:さちの力 )をビニールノヽウスに 10月 23日に定植した 。その際、畦幅 50cm畦間 50cm、株間 20cmで 2条植えとした。冬季は最低 12°Cで 栽培した。試験開始前の時点ではうどんこ病の発生はな力つた。  [0112] Strawberry seedlings (cultivar: Sachino power) grown in pots were planted on a vinyl nose on October 23. At this time, two rows were planted with a ridge width of 50 cm, a ridge width of 50 cm, and a stump of 20 cm. Cultivated in winter at a minimum of 12 ° C. Before the start of the test, the occurrence of powdery mildew was strong.
[0113] 2月 10日より 1週間間隔で 4回、製剤例 2を水道水で 1000倍に希釈したものを、 10 a当り 250L散布した。同様の操作を製剤例 3についても行った。また、無処理区とし て、製剤例の代わりに水道水を用いて同様の操作を行った。上記の試験は 1区 24株 3連制で行った。最終散布から 1週間後（3月 9日）、自然発病で発生したうどんこ病の 発病度合いを調査した。調査は、区の両端の 4株を除く 20株について、上位 3複葉 の各小葉毎に以下の発病程度に合わせてスコア付けし、発病小葉率および発病度 を求め、発病度より無処理区に対する防除価を求めた。 2月 18日に無処理区にうど んこ病の初発を見た。 [0114] 指数 0 ;無発病 [0113] From February 10, four times at weekly intervals, Preparation Example 2 diluted 1000-fold with tap water was sprayed at 250 L per 10 a. The same operation was performed for Formulation Example 3. The same operation was performed using tap water instead of the preparation example as a non-treatment section. The above test was performed in a three-unit system with 24 strains per ward. One week after the final application (March 9), the incidence of spontaneous powdery mildew was investigated. In the survey, 20 strains excluding the 4 strains at both ends of the plot were scored according to the following disease levels for each leaflet of the top three compound leaves, and the diseased leaflet rate and disease severity were calculated. The control value was determined. On February 18, the first outbreak of powdery mildew was observed in a non-treated area. [0114] Index 0; disease-free
指数 1；病斑面積率 5%未満  Index 1; Lesion area rate less than 5%
指数 2；病斑面積率が 5%以上 25%未満  Index 2; Lesion area rate is 5% or more and less than 25%
指数 3 ;病斑面積率が 25%以上 50%未満  Index 3; Lesion area rate is 25% or more and less than 50%
指数 4 ;病斑面積率が 50%以上  Index 4; Lesion area rate is 50% or more
[0115] [数 5] 発病度 =∑ (程度別発病小葉数 X指数） X I 0 0 （調査小葉数） X 4 ) 防除価二 （1一散布区の発病度 Z無処理区の発病度） X 1 0 0 [Equation 5] Disease severity = ∑ (number of diseased leaflets by degree X index) XI 0 0 (number of surveyed leaflets) X 4) Control value 2 (1 disease severity in one application plot Z disease incidence in untreated plots) X 1 0 0
[0116] 以上の試験の結果を表 5に示す, [0116] Table 5 shows the results of the above tests,
[0117] [表 5] 区 隱 /灘 織繊鹏 s _RM へ ジ』ゥム区 I 170 2 1.2 ひ5 鹏 π 160 12 7.5 4.2 [Table 5] Oki / Nada Textile s _RM へ ゥ ゥ 区 I 170 2 1.2 π 鹏 160 12 7.5 4.2
in 165 11 6.7 2.1  in 165 11 6.7 2.1
平均 165 8.3 5.1 2.3 91.9 P7イセス区 I 174 7 4.0 1.0  Average 165 8.3 5.1 2.3 91.9 P7 Ises I 174 7 4.0 1.0
π 167 15 9.0 4.7  π 167 15 9.0 4.7
162 17 10.5 2.2  162 17 10.5 2.2
平均 168 13.0 7.8 2.6 89.7 Average 168 13.0 7.8 2.6 89.7
I 163 75 46.0 19.8 I 163 75 46.0 19.8
π 177 118 66.7 34.8  π 177 118 66.7 34.8
m 162 103 63.6 30.3  m 162 103 63.6 30.3
平均 167 98.7 58.8 28.3 -  Average 167 98.7 58.8 28.3-
[0118] 表 5の結果から明らかなように、無処理区に比べてぺニシリウム ワックスマ二 [0118] As is evident from the results in Table 5, compared to the untreated plot, the Penicillium wax
FERM BP-10258散布区およびタラロマイセス フラバス FERM P- 15816散布区では 、イチゴうどんこ病の発病が抑制された。  Strawberry powdery mildew was suppressed in the FERM BP-10258 and the Talalomyces flavas FERM P-15816.
実施例 10  Example 10
[0119] (トマト葉かび病に対する防除効果の確認）  [0119] (Confirmation of control effect against tomato leaf mold)
5月 12日第 1花房が開花しているトマト苗（品種:祧太郎）を畦幅 100cm、株間 50c mでノヽウスに定植した。試験開始前の時点では葉かび病の発生はな力つた。 5月 29日、 6月 5日、 6月 12日に、製剤例 2を水道水で 1000倍に希釈したものを、 1 Oa当り 150L散布した。同様の操作を製剤例 3についても行った。また、無処理区と して、製剤例の代わりに水道水を用いて同様の操作を行った。上記試験は、 1区 12 株 3連制で行った。 On May 12, a tomato seedling (variety: Taro), whose first flower cluster was flowering, was planted in a nose with a ridge width of 100 cm and a spacing of 50 cm between plants. Before the start of the test, the occurrence of leaf mold was strong. On May 29, June 5 and June 12, Formulation Example 2 diluted 1000 times with tap water was sprayed at 150 L per Oa. The same operation was performed for Formulation Example 3. The same operation was performed using tap water instead of the preparation example as an untreated section. The above test was carried out in a three-train system with 12 strains per ward.
6月 19日に各区の両端を除いた 10株の第 2果房前後の 10複葉について病斑数を 調査した。発病度、防除価等は、実施例 9と同様に算出した。その結果を表 6に示す  On June 19, the number of lesions was examined for 10 compound leaves before and after the second cluster of the 10 strains excluding both ends of each plot. Disease severity, control value, and the like were calculated in the same manner as in Example 9. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0120] [表 6] 調査株数 発病株数 発病株率 病斑数 * 防除価 へ'ニシリウム区 (製剤例 2) 30 9 30 6. 2 タラロマイセス区 (製剤例 3) 30 9 30 6. 2 79. 7 無処理区 30 30 1 00 30. 5 一 [Table 6] Number of investigated strains Number of diseased diseased diseased diseased diseased diseased diseased lesions Number of lesions * Control value Helicillium group (Formulation example 2) 30 9 30 6.2 Talaromyces group (Formulation example 3) 30 9 30 6. 2 79. 7 No treatment area 30 30 1 00 30. 5 I
* : 1 00複葉当り *: 100 per compound leaf
[0121] 表 6の結果から明らかなように、無処理区に比べてぺ-シリウム ワックスマ-[0121] As is clear from the results in Table 6, the シ -silium wax polymer was compared with the untreated plot.
FERM BP- 10258散布区およびタラロマイセス フラバス FERM P- 15816散布区では 、トマト葉かび病の発病が抑制された。 0 ( 実施例 11 In the FERM BP-10258 application and the Talalomyces flavas FERM P-15816 application, the onset of tomato leaf mold was suppressed. 0 (Example 11
[0122] (チヤ炭疽病に対する防除効果の確認）  [0122] (Confirmation of control effect against anthrax of charr)
[0123] やぶきた 10年生の茶を用い、 1区 30m2、反復なしで、 3番茶を対象とした。生育を 整えるため 7月 25日に整枝を行った。 8月 6日から 7日毎に 4回、製剤例 2を水道水で 1000倍に希釈し、 10a当り 300L散布した。同様の操作を製剤例 3についても行った 。また、無処理区として、製剤例の代わりに水道水を用いて同様の操作を行った。 最終散布から 3週間後の 9月 17日に、 lm2の範囲 3ケ所の中の病葉数をそれぞれ 調査した。その結果を表 7に示す。 [0123] using a 10-year-old tea Yabukita, District 1 30m 2, without repetition, targeting the 3 crop. Arrangements were made on July 25 to improve growth. Formulation Example 2 was diluted 1000 times with tap water four times every 7 days from August 6 and sprayed 300L per 10a. The same operation was performed for Formulation Example 3. The same operation was performed using tap water instead of the preparation example as a non-treatment section. On September 17 after three weeks from the last application, it was investigated Wakuraba number in the range 3 places of lm 2, respectively. Table 7 shows the results.
[0124] [表 7] 病斑数 (枚 m2) 防除価 ニシリウム区 I 12 [0124] [Table 7] Number of lesions (sheet m 2 ) Control value Nisirium I 12
(製剤例 2) Π 56  (Formulation Example 2) Π 56
m 50  m 50
平均 39. 3  Average 39.3
タラロマイセス区 I 46  Talaromyses District I 46
(製剤例 3) π 60  (Formulation Example 3) π 60
M 40  M 40
平均 48. 7  Average 48.7
無処理区 I 251  Untreated area I 251
Π 262  Π 262
m 430  m 430
平均 314. 3  Average 314.3
[0125] 表 7の結果から明らかなように、無処理区に比べてぺ-シリウム ワックスマ-[0125] As is evident from the results in Table 7, the シ -silium wax polymer was compared with the untreated group.
FERM BP- 10258散布区およびタラロマイセス フラバス FERM P- 15816散布区では 、チヤ炭疽病の発病が抑制された。 In the FERM BP-10258 and the Talalomyces flavas FERM P-15816, the occurrence of anthrax was suppressed.
実施例 12  Example 12
[0126] (ネギ白絹病に対する防除効果の確認）  [0126] (Confirmation of control effect on scab on white onion)
3月 25日に播種したネギ（品種:東京冬黒）の幼苗を 5月 19日、株間 2. 7cm条間 1 mで定植した。試験開始前の時点ではネギ白絹病の発生はな力つた。  On May 19, seedlings of green onions (variety: Tokyo Fukuroku) sown on March 25 were planted on May 19 with a 2.7 cm spacing between lines and 1 m. At the time before the start of the test, the onion white blight was not strong.
6月 23曰、 7月 14曰、 8月 11曰、 9月 22曰の 4回の土寄せの内、最初の 2回の土寄 せ時に、水道水で 500倍に希釈した製造例 4を lm2当り 0. 5L株元に処理した。また 、無処理区として、製剤例の代わりに水道水を用いて同様の操作を行った。この試験 は、 1区 20m2 (5 X 4m)、 3連制で行った。 June 23, July 14, August 11, and September 22 of the four mulchings, of the first two mullings, the manufacturing example 4 diluted 500 times with tap water using lm 0.5L per 2 strains was processed. In addition, the same operation was performed using tap water instead of the preparation example as an untreated section. This test was performed in three sections, 20 m 2 (5 X 4 m) in one section.
10月 6日に試験区の中央 2mの株を掘り取り、株元の菌核及び葉鞘部に菌糸の付 着して 、る株を調査し発病株を計数した。その結果を表 8に示す。  On October 6, the central 2 m of the test plot was dug out, and the hypha was attached to the sclerotium and the leaf sheath of the strain. Table 8 shows the results.
[0127] [表 8] 調査株数 発病株率 防除価 ゲリ才クラ Tィゥ厶区 I 82 3.7 [0127] [Table 8] Number of strains surveyed Disease incidence Rate of control
(製造例 4) Π 91 8.8  (Production Example 4) Π 91 8.8
ΠΙ 85 4.7  ΠΙ 85 4.7
平均 86.0 5.7 76.2 無処理区 I 86 25.6  Average 86.0 5.7 76.2 Untreated area I 86 25.6
Π 84 26.2  Π 84 26.2
m 81 19.8  m 81 19.8
平均 85.0 23.9 一  Average 85.0 23.9 One
[0128] 表 8の結果から明らかなように、無処理区に比べてダリオクラディウム ビレンス FERM P-17381散布区では、ネギ白絹病の発病が抑制された。 [0128] As is clear from the results in Table 8, the onion white scab disease development was suppressed in the Dario cladium virens FERM P-17381 sprayed section as compared with the untreated section.
実施例 13  Example 13
[0129] (保存安定性試験）  [0129] (Storage stability test)
前述の実施例 7 (1)の方法で、ぺ-シリウム ワックスマ- FERM BP-10258,タラ口 マイセス フラバス FERM P-15816、グリオクラディウム ビレンス FERM P-17381の それぞれの分生子粉末を回収した。それらの分生子粉末と、実施例 8に記載された 製剤例 2〜4を用いて、以下のような保存安定性試験を行った。  According to the method of Example 7 (1) described above, conidia powders of ぺ -silium wax FERM BP-10258, Taraguchi Myces flavas FERM P-15816, and Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381 were collected. Using these conidia powders and Formulation Examples 2 to 4 described in Example 8, the following storage stability test was performed.
[0130] 上述の分生子粉末と製剤例 2〜4を、 35°Cのインキュベーター内に置き、それぞれ の胞子生存率を経時的に調べた。胞子生存率は、各製剤および分生子粉末を殺菌 した 0. 05%ツイーン 20水溶液で 10倍毎に希釈し、ポテトデキストロース寒天培地に 菌を生育させて、生菌数を求めることにより測定した。その結果を表 9に示す。  [0130] The conidia powder described above and Preparation Examples 2 to 4 were placed in an incubator at 35 ° C, and the spore viability of each was examined over time. The spore viability was measured by diluting each preparation and conidia powder with a sterilized 0.05% Tween 20 aqueous solution every 10 times, growing the bacteria on a potato dextrose agar medium, and determining the number of viable bacteria. Table 9 shows the results.
[表 9] [Table 9]
胞子生存率 (％) Spore viability (%)
35°Cでの経過日数 0 14 30 ぺニシリウム分生子 100 65 20 製剤例 2 (ぺニシリウム） 100 80 55 トリコデルマ分生子 100 80 30 製剤例 3 (卜リコデルマ） 100 80 65 グリオクラディウム分生子 100 70 20 製剤例 4(グリオクラディウム） 100 80 60 Elapsed days at 35 ° C 0 14 30 Penicillium conidia 100 65 20 Formulation example 2 (penicillium) 100 80 55 Trichoderma conidia 100 80 30 Formulation example 3 (Trichoderma) 100 80 65 Glio cladium conidia 100 70 20 Formulation Example 4 (Gliocladium) 100 80 60
の結果力も明らかなように、本発明の製剤は、保存安定性が高いことが示された As is clear from the results, the formulation of the present invention was shown to have high storage stability.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
[I] 植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有し、かつ、ぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ-に属する菌 株。  [I] A strain that has an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria and belongs to ぺ -silium waxma.
[2] 植物病原菌に対して拮抗作用を有するぺ-シリウム 'ワックスマ- FERM BP-10258 菌株またはその変異体。  [2] A ぺ -silium ′ waxma-FERM BP-10258 strain or a mutant thereof having an antagonistic action against plant pathogenic bacteria.
[3] 請求項 1又は 2に記載の菌株又は変異体の菌体を含有する植物病害防除剤。 [3] A plant disease controlling agent comprising the bacterial cell of the strain or the mutant according to claim 1 or 2.
[4] 前記植物病害が、イチゴうどんこ病、マンゴー炭疽病、イチゴ炭疽病およびチヤ炭 疽病のいずれか 1つ又は 2つ以上の病害であることを特徴とする請求項 3に記載の植 物病害防除剤。 [4] The plant according to claim 3, wherein the plant disease is at least one of strawberry powdery mildew, mango anthracnose, strawberry anthrax and chin anthracnose. Product disease control agent.
[5] 植物を栽培する土壌または植物体に、請求項 3又は 4に記載の植物病害防除剤を 施用することを特徴とする、植物病害を防除する方法。  [5] A method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises applying the plant disease controlling agent according to claim 3 to soil or a plant body where plants are grown.
[6] 植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌の胞子、および、その胞子の生存に悪 影響を与えな!/、鉱物油を含有する植物病害防除剤。 [6] A spore of a filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against a plant pathogenic fungus and a plant disease controlling agent containing mineral oil which does not adversely affect the survival of the spore!
[7] 前記鉱物油が、白色鉱物油であることを特徴とする請求項 6に記載の植物病害防 除剤。 [7] The plant disease control agent according to claim 6, wherein the mineral oil is a white mineral oil.
[8] 前記鉱物油が、水素添加して精製された流動パラフィンであることを特徴とする請 求項 6に記載の植物病害防除剤。  [8] The plant disease controlling agent according to claim 6, wherein the mineral oil is liquid paraffin purified by hydrogenation.
[9] 前記鉱物油が、水素添加し、さらに硫酸洗浄して精製された流動パラフィンである ことを特徴とする請求項 6に記載の植物病害防除剤。 [9] The plant disease controlling agent according to claim 6, wherein the mineral oil is liquid paraffin purified by hydrogenation and further washing with sulfuric acid.
[10] 前記植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌が、ぺニシリウム属、タラロマイセ ス属、ダリオクラディウム属またはトリコデルマ属に属する糸状菌であることを特徴とす る請求項 6に記載の植物病害防除剤。 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against the plant pathogenic bacteria is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Penicillium, the genus Taralomyces, the genus Dariocladium or the genus Trichoderma. Plant disease control agent.
[II] 前記植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌が、ぺニシリウム ワックスマ二、タ ラロマイセス フラバス、グリオクラディウム ビレンスまたはトリコデノレマ ビレンスであ ることを特徴とする請求項 6に記載の植物病害防除剤。  [II] The plant disease control according to claim 6, wherein the filamentous fungus having an antagonistic action against the plant pathogenic bacteria is Penicillium Waxmanii, Talalomyces flavus, Gliocladium virens or Trichodenorema virens. Agent.
[12] 前記植物病原菌に対し拮抗作用を有する糸状菌が、ぺニシリウム ワックスマ二 [12] The filamentous fungus having an antagonistic effect on the plant pathogen is Penicillium waxmanii.
FERM BP-10258,タラロマイセス フラバス FERM P-15816、グリオクラディウム ビ レンス FERM P- 17381、トリコデルマ ビレンス ATCC13213、トリコデルマ ビレン ス ATCC24290、またはそれらの変異体であることを特徴とする請求項 6に記載の植 物病害防除剤。 FERM BP-10258, Talalomyces flavus FERM P-15816, Gliocladium virens FERM P-17381, Trichoderma virens ATCC13213, Trichoderma viren The plant disease controlling agent according to claim 6, which is ATCC24290 or a mutant thereof.
[13] 前記胞子が、分生子、子嚢胞子または厚膜胞子であることを特徴とする請求項 6に 記載の植物病害防除剤。  13. The plant disease control agent according to claim 6, wherein the spore is a conidium, an ascospore, or a chlamydospore.
[14] 二酸化珪素をさらに含有することを特徴とする請求項 6〜13のいずれか 1項に記載 の植物病害防除剤。 [14] The plant disease controlling agent according to any one of claims 6 to 13, further comprising silicon dioxide.
[15] 植物を栽培する土壌または植物体に、請求項 6〜14のいずれか 1項に記載の植物 病害防除剤を施用することを特徴とする、植物の病害の防除方法。  [15] A method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises applying the plant disease controlling agent according to any one of claims 6 to 14 to soil or a plant body where plants are grown.
[16] 培養菌体物から白色鉱物油で糸状菌の分生子を回収する方法。  [16] A method for recovering conidia of a filamentous fungus from a cultured cell body using white mineral oil.
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