WO2005091484A1 - Alimentation a decoupage - Google Patents
Alimentation a decoupage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005091484A1 WO2005091484A1 PCT/CH2004/000170 CH2004000170W WO2005091484A1 WO 2005091484 A1 WO2005091484 A1 WO 2005091484A1 CH 2004000170 W CH2004000170 W CH 2004000170W WO 2005091484 A1 WO2005091484 A1 WO 2005091484A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- snubber
- diode
- rectifier
- secondary winding
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
- H02M3/3372—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration of the parallel type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
- H02M1/346—Passive non-dissipative snubbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a switching power supply providing a DC output, the power supply having a transformer, a rectifier and an output capacitor, the transformer including two se- condary windings.
- the invention further relates to a method of providing a DC output with a power supply having a transformer, a rectifier and an output capacitor, the transformer including two secondary windings.
- a widely used type of power supplies are the switching power supplies which typically are smaller, lighter and generate less heat than an equivalent linear power supply.
- switching power supplies suffer from losses.
- Two of the most important sources for losses are the conduction losses due to the voltage drop in the rectifier diodes and the commutation losses due to the reverse recovery of the rectifier diodes.
- Document WO 03/094332 A1 proposes a new snubber circuit for DC power supplies.
- the snubber circuit is purely passive and non-dissipating, i. e. it allows to transfer the energy that was stored in the snubber capacitor previously to the output capacitor.
- the result is a lossless or low loss snubber circuit that enables to design more efficient power supplies.
- the losses in the rectifier diodes still exist.
- the rectifier is modified such that it includes exactly six rectifier diodes.
- the six rectifier diodes are arranged as follows:
- the cathode of the fifth rectifier diode is connected to the first terminal of the second secondary winding
- the cathode of the third rectifier diode is connected to the first terminal of the second first winding
- the cathode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected to the second terminal of the first secondary winding
- the anode of the third rectifier diode is connected to the first terminal of the second secondary winding
- the anode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected to the second terminal of the second secondary winding.
- the secondary side of the transformer that is the two secondary windings of the transformer are arranged in series.
- the secondary windings are realised depends on the particular application. They may for example be realised as two windings on the same transformer core or they may be realised as two windings on different transformer cores.
- the secondary current runs through four diodes in each direction.
- the number of diodes is reduced.
- the secondary current only runs through three diodes in each direction.
- the conduction losses in the rectifier diodes can therefore be reduced by 25 % due to the arrangement of the rectifier diodes.
- the efficiency of the power supply can be increased. Consequently, lower currents and/or voltages within the power supply are necessary in order to reach the same power level as in the known power supplies. This in turn enables the usage of electrical and/or magnetic components with a lower nominal power, which typically have lower losses, resulting in lower EMI (electromagnetic interference). Moreover, since the load on most of the components of the power supply is reduced, a smaller failure rate can be achieved.
- an output filter is placed at the output of a power supply.
- the output capacitor is a part of such an output filter, which further typically comprises an inductor connected in series with the output capacitor either ahead of and/or following it.
- inductors or chokes can for example be implemented by a winding, which is looped around a magnetic co- re.
- the power supply includes an inductor ahead of and/or following the output capacitor.
- the inductors are connected to the secondary circuit of the power supply by interposing them between the rectifier and the output capacitor. That is, the cathodes of the first and the second rectifier diode are connected to the first terminal of the output capacitor via a first inductor and/or the anodes of the fifth and the sixth rectifier diode are connected to the second terminal of the output capacitor via a second inductor.
- the first and the second inductor have a common magnetic core.
- the power supply preferably includes a snubber arrangement. While the snubber arrange- ment may include only one snubber circuit for both secondary windings, the snubber preferably includes a first snubber circuit connected between the first secondary winding and the output capacitor and a second snubber circuit connected between the second secondary winding and the output capacitor. Generally it is possible to use any snubber arrangement. However, snubber circuits typically comprise capacitors, diodes, resistors and even inductors.
- each snubber circuit includes a snubber capacitor as well as a first, a second and a third snubber diode.
- the snubber capacitor and the first snubber diode are arranged in a series circuit that is connected in parallel to the output capacitor.
- the first terminal of the second snubber diode and the first terminal of the third snubber diode are connected to the joint terminal of the first snubber diode and the snubber capacitor.
- the second terminal of the second snubber diode is connected to the first terminal of the secondary winding and the second terminal of the third snubber diode is connected to the second terminal of that secondary winding.
- the snubber components are connected to the secondary of the power supply as follows.
- the first snubber circuit In the first snubber circuit:
- the cathode of the first snubber diode is connected to the first terminal of the snubber capacitor and the second terminal of the snubber capacitor is connected to the catho- des of the first and second rectifier diodes. Therefore, the joint terminal of the first snubber diode and the snubber capacitor is the cathode of the first snubber diode.
- the anodes of the second and the third snubber diodes are connected to the cathode of the first snubber diode.
- the cathodes of the second and the third snubber diodes are connected to the first and second terminals of the first secondary winding respectively.
- the anode of the first snubber diode is connected to the first terminal of the snubber capacitor and the second terminal of the snubber capacitor is connected to the anodes of the fifth and sixth rectifier diodes. Therefore, the joint terminal of the first snubber diode and the snubber capacitor is the anode of the first snubber diode.
- the cathodes of the second and the third snubber diodes are connected to the anode of the first snubber diode.
- the anodes of the second and the third snubber diodes are con- nected to the first and second terminals of the second secondary winding respectively.
- the invention is applicable in many different converter topologies, such as flyback, forward or other converters.
- the topologies may also comprise one or more primary windings.
- a push-pull converter is used because such converters have a low output ripple current and, due to the high switching frequencies, the size of the transformer can be small.
- push- pull configurations There are two advantageous embodiments of push- pull configurations.
- the power supply includes a DC power input and a transformer with a primary winding that has a centre tap. Further the power supply includes a first and a second switch on the primary side.
- the positive termi- nal of the DC power input is connected to the centre tap.
- the first switch is connected between the first terminal of the primary winding and the negative terminal of the DC power input and the second switch is connected between the second terminal of the primary winding and the negative terminal of the DC power input.
- both secondary windings are wound on the same transformer core.
- the RMS (root mean square) current in the input capacitor of the power supply which typically is an electrolytic capacitor, can be reduced.
- the frequency in the secondary side of the power supply is multiplied by four. This enables to reduce the size of the output choke for high power applications, resulting in a smaller and lower-cost power supply.
- the switches for example power switches, are alternately driven as known in the art.
- MOSFETs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- MOSFETs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- other electronic switches can be used as well.
- the method comprises the steps of providing exactly six rectifier diodes and
- FIG. 1 A block diagram of a power supply
- Fig. 2 a circuit diagram of the secondary side of a power supply according to the invention
- Fig. 3 a circuit diagram of a power supply according to the invention with a single push-pull converter arrangement on the primary side;
- Fig. 4 a circuit diagram of a power supply according to the invention with a double push-pull converter arrangement on the primary side;
- Fig. 5 a circuit diagram of a prior art power supply with a single push-pull converter arrangement
- Fig. 6 a circuit diagram of a prior art power supply with a double push-pull conver- ter arrangement.
- Fig. 2 shows the secondary side of the power converter of fig. 1 in more detail.
- the transformer stage 2 includes a transformer arrangement 10 with two secondary windings 1 1.1 and 1 1.2.
- the transformer arrangement 10 may include one single transformer where the two secondary windings 1 1.1 and 1 1.2 are wound on the same transformer core or transformer arrangement 10 may include two individual transformers where each secondary winding 1 1.1 and 1 1.2 is wound on the core of a different transformer respectively.
- the rectifier stage 3 includes six diodes 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 which are arranged such that the functionality of two serially connected full-bridge rectifiers each with four diodes is achieved.
- the diodes are connected as follows.
- the anode of diode 3.1 is connected to the first terminal 1 1.1 1 of the first secondary winding 1 1.1.
- the anode of diode 3.2 is connected to the second terminal 1 1.12 of the first secondary winding 1 1.1.
- the cathodes of diodes 3.1 and 3.2 are connected together to form the positive rectifier output 18.
- the anodes of diodes 3.5 and 3.6 are connected together to form the negative rectifier output 19.
- the cathode of diode 3.5 is connected to the first terminal 1 1.21 of the second secondary winding 1 1.2 and the cathode of diode 3.6 is connected to the second terminal 1 1.22 of the second secondary winding 1 1.2.
- the cathode of diode 3.3 is connected to the first terminal 1 1.1 1 of the first secondary winding 1 1.1 and the cathode of diode 3.4 is connected to the second terminal 1 1.12 of the first secondary winding 1 1.1.
- the anode of diode 3.3 is connected to the first terminal 1 1.21 of the second secondary winding 1 1.2 and the anode of diode 3.4 is connected to the second terminal 1 1.22 of the second secondary winding 1 1.2.
- the voltage across the rectifier diodes 3.1, ..., 3.6 is effectively clamped to a voltage in the range of the output voltage. Furthermore, the snubber stage effectively reduces the recovery losses of the diodes.
- the cathode of the third rectifier diode 3.3 is unlike in fig. 2 connected to the second terminal 1 1.12 of the first secondary winding 1 1.1 and the cathode of the fourth rectifier diode 3.4 is therefore connected to the first terminal ( 1 1.1 1 ) of the first secondary winding 1 1.1.
- the only further difference to the arrangement in fig. 2 is that the first secondary winding has a reverse polarity.
- Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a power supply according to the invention.
- This power supply is based on a single push-pull power supply as shown in fig. 5 and known in the art.
- the push-pull power supply from fig. 5 includes a transformer 21 with a primary winding that is segmented into two primary winding segments 21.1, 21.2 by a centre tap 25, a DC power source 6 connected to the centre tap 25, two switches 20 connected between the primary winding segments 21.1, 21.2 and the DC power source 6, a secondary winding 26, a full-bridge rectifier 40 with four diodes, an output choke 16 and an output capacitor 17.
- the switches 20 are switched ON and OFF by means of a drive circuit as known in the art.
- the drive circuit is not shown in the drawings.
- the dots 24 indicate the polarity of the transformer windings, known in the art as the dot convention.
- the invention is applied by replacing the secondary side exactly by the arrangement as shown in fig. 2, leading to the power converter as shown in fig. 3. That is the secondary side of the transformer 21 is splitted into two secondary windings 1 1.1, 1 1.2 and a six diode rectifier is provided as shown in fig. 2.
- the current in the secondary flows through the diodes 3.5, 3.4 and 3.1.
- the primary cur- rent flows through the primary winding segment 21.2
- the current in the secondary flows through the diodes 3.6, 3.3 and 3.2.
- Such a power converter typically is used for power levels less than 2'000 VA (volt * ampere).
- the voltage stress of the rectifier diodes is reduced, since the snubber circuits 4.1, 4.2 clamp the voltage approximately to the output voltage. Therefore, diodes with smaller breakdown voltages can be used. If, for example, the DC power source 6 provides a voltage between 40V (volts) and 72V and the output voltage is set to 380V, diodes with 600V breakdown voltage can be used because the voltage across the diodes is clam- ped to 380V. In the power converter of fig. 5 with a DC input voltage of 40V (volts) to 72V and an output voltage of 380V, diodes with 1 '200V breakdown voltage have to be used.
- Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention.
- This power converter is based on the power converter as shown in fig. 6 and known in the art.
- Fig. 6 shows a power converter in a double push-pull configuration where the primary sides are connected in parallel and the secondary sides are connected in series. It includes two transformers 22 and 23 each with a primary winding that is segmented into two primary winding segments 22.1 , 22.2 and
- the switches 20 are switched ON and OFF by means of a drive circuit as known in the art.
- the drive circuit is not shown in the drawings.
- the power converter shown in fig. 6 further includes two snubber circuits 4.1 , 4.2 as shown and explained in connection with fig. 2.
- the voltage stress of the diodes in this arrangement is similar to the voltage stress in the single push-pull configuration.
- the invention is applied by replacing the two four diode full-bridge rectifiers in the secondary by the six diode rectifier arrangement as shown in fig. 2 and changing the polarity of the first secondary winding which is indicated by the dot 24 that is at the other terminal of the secondary winding 1 1.1 in fig. 4.
- the conduction losses can be reduced to 75 %.
- the switches 20 are driven such that a current flows through the primary winding segments 22.1 and 23.2, the current in the secondary flows through the diodes 3.5, 3.4 and 3.1. If the primary current flows through the primary winding segment 22.2 and 23.1, the current in the secondary flows through the diodes 3.6, 3.3 and 3.2.
- Such a power converter typically is used for power levels above 3'000 VA.
- switches While MOSFETs are preferably used as the switches 20, other switches such as for example thyristors, GTO (gate turn-off) thyristors or IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistor) may be used as well.
- thyristors preferably used as the switches 20
- GTO gate turn-off
- IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistor
- the invention enables the creation of power supplies with significantly reduced overall losses. Therefore, the overall efficiency of a switching power supply can be enhanced notably, resulting in smaller, lower priced power supplies with lower EMI.
- the invention is applicable not only in push-pull converter configurations, but also in many other types of DC power supplies.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2004/000170 WO2005091484A1 (fr) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Alimentation a decoupage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2004/000170 WO2005091484A1 (fr) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Alimentation a decoupage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005091484A1 true WO2005091484A1 (fr) | 2005-09-29 |
Family
ID=34957087
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2004/000170 WO2005091484A1 (fr) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Alimentation a decoupage |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO2005091484A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102111075A (zh) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-06-29 | 东南大学 | 倍压整流推挽正激变换器 |
CN106849683A (zh) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-06-13 | 南京工业大学 | 一种输入并联输出串联的基于推挽拓扑结构的变换器 |
US10686384B2 (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2020-06-16 | Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María | Partial power converter (PPC) in an electrical energy system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3419786A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1968-12-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrical converter apparatus for rectifying and adding a plurality of a.c. voltages |
EP0106482A1 (fr) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-04-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Appareil pour générer une haute tension continue |
WO2003094332A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-13 | Delta Energy Systems (Switzerland) Ag | Alimentation a decoupage a circuit de protection |
-
2004
- 2004-03-19 WO PCT/CH2004/000170 patent/WO2005091484A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3419786A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1968-12-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrical converter apparatus for rectifying and adding a plurality of a.c. voltages |
EP0106482A1 (fr) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-04-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Appareil pour générer une haute tension continue |
WO2003094332A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-13 | Delta Energy Systems (Switzerland) Ag | Alimentation a decoupage a circuit de protection |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102111075A (zh) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-06-29 | 东南大学 | 倍压整流推挽正激变换器 |
US10686384B2 (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2020-06-16 | Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María | Partial power converter (PPC) in an electrical energy system |
CN106849683A (zh) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-06-13 | 南京工业大学 | 一种输入并联输出串联的基于推挽拓扑结构的变换器 |
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