WO2005086562A2 - Pneumatic liquid atomisation device and method - Google Patents

Pneumatic liquid atomisation device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005086562A2
WO2005086562A2 PCT/ES2005/000118 ES2005000118W WO2005086562A2 WO 2005086562 A2 WO2005086562 A2 WO 2005086562A2 ES 2005000118 W ES2005000118 W ES 2005000118W WO 2005086562 A2 WO2005086562 A2 WO 2005086562A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
atomization
chamber
head
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PCT/ES2005/000118
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2005086562A3 (en
Inventor
Alfonso Miguel GAÑÁN CALVO
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Universidad De Sevilla
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Publication of WO2005086562A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005086562A2/en
Publication of WO2005086562A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005086562A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/009—Inhalators using medicine packages with incorporated spraying means, e.g. aerosol cans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2402—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
    • B05B7/2405—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
    • B05B7/2416—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle characterised by the means for producing or supplying the atomising fluid, e.g. air hoses, air pumps, gas containers, compressors, fans, ventilators, their drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2402—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
    • B05B7/2405—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
    • B05B7/2424—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle the carried liquid and the main stream of atomising fluid being brought together downstream of the container before discharge
    • B05B7/2427—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle the carried liquid and the main stream of atomising fluid being brought together downstream of the container before discharge and a secondary stream of atomising fluid being brought together in the container or putting the carried liquid under pressure in the container

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a device and method of atomization or nebulization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas which is introduced under pressure into said device. Both fluids are expelled outside after mixing, producing the liquid in the form of an aerosol or droplet suspension carried by the gas stream.
  • the device consists of a chamber of a liquid storage chamber, contained in a pressurized bottle, and a liquid-gas mixing head where the combination between the two phases mentioned and the exit to the outside takes place.
  • the supply gas penetrates into the interior of the bottle through an injection nozzle, located in the upper part of said bottle, subsequently leaving an evacuation tube whose end communicates with the mixing head.
  • the free surface of the liquid inside the bottle is pressed by the discharge gas, whereby the liquid is propelled towards the head through a suction tube whose suction mouth is close to the bottom of the bottle.
  • the evacuation tube has a pressure loss regulator.
  • the suction tube is provided with a three-way valve, respectively communicating with the suction nozzle, the head, and a gas leak, and three positions: fogging path seals, gas outlet through the Exhaust and discharge of the gas / liquid mixture through the head.
  • the three positions of said valve correspond to three phases of operation of the device, respectively, the phase of shutting down or filling-emptying of liquid, the gas cleaning of the supply ducts, and the atomization phase.
  • Nebulizer devices allow the transformation of a liquid preparation into an aerosol or micro-droplet suspension.
  • Nebulizer devices usually consist of a reserve chamber where the liquid is introduced, a fogging chamber where the aerosol is generated, and a source of energy, usually a pump, to propel the carrier air from the suspension.
  • Aerosols have been used in numerous technological fields,
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 26 in particular as a means to treat diseases of the respiratory tract by nebulizing liquid medications.
  • the administration of aerosolized drugs by inhalation allows adequate concentrations of medications to be obtained in the respiratory system while minimizing side effects.
  • the applications in the agronomic sector are well known, for pulverization of pesticides, for example in treatments of disinsection. Manual or automatic equipment (portable, mounted on vehicles) is used for this, which allows a targeted application and some ability to regulate the thickness of the drop, whose diameter usually varies between 100 and 500 microns.
  • the term nebulization is usually used: in insecticide applications, this increases the buoyancy of the preparation as well as the covered extension when the deposition of the drops occurs.
  • Centrifugal atomization it is the most widespread, and uses a rotating wheel or disk to break the liquid jet into drops. Depending on the speed of rotation, different droplet sizes are obtained.
  • the market offers centrifugal atomizers of all sizes, from the scale from laboratory to large industrial scale.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 26 impaction combined with a defiector. Compressed air is injected, creating a Nenturi effect when circulating at high speed through a narrowing. The pressure drop produced aspirates the liquid from the storage chamber. When the medical preparation and the air jet arrive at the impaction plate, the liquid fragments into drops of varying size. The older ones collide with the deflector and return to the chamber, while the smaller ones are dragged by the air flow and go outside.
  • the discharge gases can be CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon-dos), with the consequent environmental uncertainties.
  • Electro-dynamic atomization of liquids is a fundamental tool of biochemical analysis (Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, or ESMS), since its potential was discovered in the mid-80s.
  • ESMS Electro-dynamic atomization of liquids
  • One of the advantages it presents is the minimum amount of analyte needed in the analysis.
  • one of the fundamental problems that electrospray presents is its low productivity. Examples of this type of applications are found in the pharmaceutical industry (encapsulation of active ingredients), food industry (encapsulation of different organoleptic ingredients) and phytosanitary industry.
  • Ultrasonic atomization scarcely diffused yet, it is based on the circulation of a liquid on a surface that vibrates at high frequency. It can produce very fine drops with small flows.
  • Fl ⁇ w Focusing technology (Ga ⁇ án-Calvo 1998, Physical Revieiv etters 80, 285), through the use of a special geometry, uses the pneumatic path to generate liquid micro cubes that subsequently, after the exit hole, are broken into drops of Very small and substantially homogeneous size.
  • the latter technology is also capable of generating micro-jets of liquid by another liquid instead of gas, or it can generate micro-jets of gas within a liquid (the same liquid or a different one used as a forger, that is, with the same role played by the gas in the pneumatic process), with which microbubbles of perfectly homogeneous size are generated.
  • the present invention belonging to the field of pneumatic atomizers, aims to combine the advantages of a simple and robust design, with continuous operation at low pressures and by means of an impeller gas which, in most cases, can be atmospheric air .
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 26 The energy consumption of the device described here is compatible with a renewable energy source: a photovoltaic cell or a wind generator, for example.
  • the object of the present invention is a device and method of atomization or nebulization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas which is introduced under pressure into said device. Both fluids are expelled outside after mixing, producing the liquid in the form of an aerosol or droplet suspension carried by the gas stream.
  • the device consists of a liquid storage chamber (1), contained in a pressurized bottle, and a mixing head (2) between the two liquid and gaseous phases where the mixing of both occurs, the disintegration of the liquid stream and the exit in the form of aerosol.
  • the supply gas penetrates into the interior of the bottle through an injection nozzle (3), located in the upper part of said bottle, subsequently leaving an evacuation tube (4) whose end communicates with the mixing head (2) .
  • the free surface of the liquid inside the bottle is pressed by the discharge gas, whereby the liquid is propelled towards the head through a suction tube (5) whose suction mouth (6) is close to the bottom of the bottle
  • the evacuation tube has a pressure loss regulator (7).
  • the suction tube is provided with a three-way valve (8), respectively communicating with the suction mouth (6), the head (2), and a multi-purpose duct (9), and three positions: filling of fogging tracks, gas leakage through the exhaust and impulsion of the gas / liquid mixture through the head.
  • the three positions of said valve correspond to three phases of operation of the device, respectively, the phase of turning off or filling-emptying of liquid, gas purging in the discharge ducts for cleaning the head, and atomization.
  • the device is pressurized by a compressor (10) that drives the incoming gas into the storage chamber through the injection nozzle (3).
  • a compressor 10 that drives the incoming gas into the storage chamber through the injection nozzle (3).
  • the liquid is introduced into the chamber by removing a plug (11) where the ducts (4) and (5) are housed.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
  • the device and method objects of the present invention facilitates the continuous obtaining of a good quality aerosol without resorting to an impeller gas other than atmospheric air.
  • a Kgera pressurization is sufficient to boost fluid mixing and liquid atomization. This ensures very moderate energy consumption, which makes the invention compatible with renewable and self-sufficient sources of energy (solar collector, eóKco generator).
  • Figure 1 device according to claim one.
  • Liquid storage chamber contained in a pressurized bottle; (2) Mixing head between the two liquid and gas phases where the mixing of both occurs, the disintegration of the liquid stream and the saKda to the outside in the form of an aerosol. (3) Injection nozzle of the supply gas, located in the upper part of the bottle. (4) Supply gas evacuation tube whose end communicates with the mixing head. (5) Suction tube. (6) Suction mouth near the bottom of the bottle. (7) Load loss regulator. (8) Three-way valve respectively communicating with the suction mouth, the head and a poKvalente duct. (9) PoKvalent, gas exhaust or Liquid re-draining duct. (10) Gas discharge compressor in the storage chamber. (11) Tube housing plug (4) and (5).

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid atomisation or nebulisation device and method involving the use of a propellant gas which is pressure introduced into the device. According to the invention, the two fluids are mixed together and subsequently expelled to the exterior, such that the liquid is released in the form of an aerosol or a suspension of drops that is carried along by the gas current. The inventive device comprises: a liquid storage chamber which is housed in a pressurised cylinder, and a liquid/gas mixing head which is used to combine the two phases and to release same to the exterior. The propellant gas enters the cylinder through an injection nozzle which is located on the upper part of the cylinder and subsequently exits same through a discharge tube, one end of said tube being connected to the above-mentioned mixing head.

Description

Título de la invenciónInvention Title
Dispositivo y procedimiento para la atomización neumática de líquidosDevice and procedure for pneumatic atomization of liquids
El objeto de la presente invención es un dispositivo y procedimiento de atomización o nebulización de un líquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor que es introducido a presión en dicho dispositivo. Ambos fluidos son expulsados al exterior tras su mezcla, produciéndose la salida del líquido en forma de aerosol o suspensión de gotas arrastrada por la corriente de gas. El dispositivo consta de una cámara de una cámara de almacenamiento de líquido, contenida en una botella presurizada, y un cabezal de mezclado líquido-gas donde se produce la combinación entre las dos fases citadas y la salida al exterior. El gas de impulsión penetra en el interior de la botella por una boquilla de inyección, situada en la parte alta de dicha botella, saliendo posteriormente por un tubo de evacuación cuyo extremo comunica con el cabezal de mezclado. La superficie libre del líquido dentro de la botella es presionada por el gas de impulsión, por lo que el líquido es impulsado hacia el cabezal a través de un tubo de succión cuya boca de aspiración se encuentra próxima al fondo de la botella. El tubo de evacuación dispone de un regulador de pérdida de carga. El tubo de succión, a su vez, está dotado de una válvula de tres vías, respectivamente comunicantes con la boca de aspiración, el cabezal, y un escape de gas, y tres posiciones: obturación de vías de nebulización, salida de gas por el escape e impulsión de la mezcla gas/líquido por el cabezal. Las tres posiciones de dicha válvula se corresponden con tres fases de operación del dispositivo, respectivamente, la fase de apagado o de rellenado-vaciado de líquido, la de limpieza mediante gas de los conductos de impulsión, y la de atomización.The object of the present invention is a device and method of atomization or nebulization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas which is introduced under pressure into said device. Both fluids are expelled outside after mixing, producing the liquid in the form of an aerosol or droplet suspension carried by the gas stream. The device consists of a chamber of a liquid storage chamber, contained in a pressurized bottle, and a liquid-gas mixing head where the combination between the two phases mentioned and the exit to the outside takes place. The supply gas penetrates into the interior of the bottle through an injection nozzle, located in the upper part of said bottle, subsequently leaving an evacuation tube whose end communicates with the mixing head. The free surface of the liquid inside the bottle is pressed by the discharge gas, whereby the liquid is propelled towards the head through a suction tube whose suction mouth is close to the bottom of the bottle. The evacuation tube has a pressure loss regulator. The suction tube, in turn, is provided with a three-way valve, respectively communicating with the suction nozzle, the head, and a gas leak, and three positions: fogging path seals, gas outlet through the Exhaust and discharge of the gas / liquid mixture through the head. The three positions of said valve correspond to three phases of operation of the device, respectively, the phase of shutting down or filling-emptying of liquid, the gas cleaning of the supply ducts, and the atomization phase.
Introducción al estado de la técnicaIntroduction to the state of the art
Los aparatos nebulizadores permiten la transformación de un preparado líquido en aerosol o suspensión de microgotas. Los dispositivos nebulizadores suelen constar de una cámara de reserva donde se introduce el líquido, una cámara de nebulización donde se genera el aerosol, y una fuente de energía, generalmente una bomba, para impulsar el aire portador de la suspensión.The nebulizer devices allow the transformation of a liquid preparation into an aerosol or micro-droplet suspension. Nebulizer devices usually consist of a reserve chamber where the liquid is introduced, a fogging chamber where the aerosol is generated, and a source of energy, usually a pump, to propel the carrier air from the suspension.
La atomización de líquidos por vías puramente fluidodinámicas, y en particular por vía neumática, es una operación fundamental en múltiples aplicaciones y desarrollos industriales, tecnológicos, científicos y de la vida cotidiana. Los aerosoles han sido usados en numerosos campos tecnológicos,The atomization of liquids by purely fluid dynamics, and in particular by pneumatic means, is a fundamental operation in multiple applications and industrial, technological, scientific and everyday life developments. Aerosols have been used in numerous technological fields,
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN REGLA 26 en particular como medio para tratar las enfermedades de las vías respiratorias mediante la nebulización de medicamentos líquidos. La administración de fármacos en forma de aerosol por vía inhalatoria permite obtener concentraciones adecuadas de medicamentos en el aparato respiratorio minimizando los efectos secundarios. Asimismo son muy conocidas las aplicaciones en el sector agronómico, para pulverización de plaguicidas, por ejemplo en tratamientos de desinsectación. Se utilizan para ello equipos manuales o automáticos (portátiles, montados en vehículos), que permiten una aplicación dirigida y cierta capacidad de regular el grosor de la gota, cuyo diámetro suele variar entre las 100 y las 500 mieras. Cuando los tamaños de gota son inferiores, entre 50 - 100 mieras, suele usarse el término nebulización: en las aplicaciones de insecticida, ello aumenta la capacidad de flotación del preparado así como la extensión cubierta cuando se produce la deposición de las gotas.SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 26 in particular as a means to treat diseases of the respiratory tract by nebulizing liquid medications. The administration of aerosolized drugs by inhalation allows adequate concentrations of medications to be obtained in the respiratory system while minimizing side effects. Also the applications in the agronomic sector are well known, for pulverization of pesticides, for example in treatments of disinsection. Manual or automatic equipment (portable, mounted on vehicles) is used for this, which allows a targeted application and some ability to regulate the thickness of the drop, whose diameter usually varies between 100 and 500 microns. When the droplet sizes are smaller, between 50-100 microns, the term nebulization is usually used: in insecticide applications, this increases the buoyancy of the preparation as well as the covered extension when the deposition of the drops occurs.
Son diversos los principios tecnológicos en que se basa la atomización de líquidos. De ellos depende la caKdad y estabilidad del aerosol (carácter mono-disperso, tamaño de gotas), así como la facilidad de manejo y economía del procedimiento.The technological principles on which liquid atomization is based are diverse. On them depends the quality and stability of the aerosol (mono-dispersed character, droplet size), as well as the ease of handling and economy of the procedure.
" Atomización centrífuga: es la más extendida, y utiliza una rueda o disco giratorio para romper el chorro líquido en gotas. Dependiendo de la velocidad de giro se obtienen distintos tamaños de gota. El mercado ofrece atomizadores centrífugos de todos los tamaños, desde la escala de laboratorio hasta la gran escala industrial. " Atomización <5lrodinámica, a presión: la caída de presión en una boquilla o los efectos gravitatorios ocasionan la desintegración del líquido. Generalmente, el líquido es impulsado a través de una boquilla estrecha; la dinámica del flujo en dicha boquilla detem-ina el tamaño de gotas, de ahí el mal funcionamiento cuando el líquido utilizado causa abrasión en la boquilla o cuando se producen sedimentaciones que alteran la geometría de la eyección. Se basan en este principio la mayoría de las aplicaciones industriales: humidificación de espacios cerrados, microrriego, tratamiento de superficies en fabricación de aceros y chapas, aplicación de pinturas. " Atomización neumática. Se recurre a un segundo fluido, generalmente un gas, para facilitar la atomización del líquido. Los esfuerzos cortantes entre el gas y el líquido producen la desintegración de éste en gotas. La atomización neumática, en general, consigue buenos rencümientos con una presión moderada. o Dentro de esta tipología destacan los inhaladores farmacéuticos. Los inhaladores suelen constar de una cámara que contiene el medicamento en forma líquida, un chorro de aire, un conducto de alimentación del medicamento, y una placa de"Centrifugal atomization: it is the most widespread, and uses a rotating wheel or disk to break the liquid jet into drops. Depending on the speed of rotation, different droplet sizes are obtained. The market offers centrifugal atomizers of all sizes, from the scale from laboratory to large industrial scale. "Atomization <5 lrodynamics, under pressure: pressure drop in a nozzle or gravitational effects cause the disintegration of the liquid. Generally, the liquid is driven through a narrow nozzle; The dynamics of the flow in said nozzle detect the droplet size, hence the malfunction when the liquid used causes abrasion in the nozzle or when sedimentations occur that alter the geometry of the ejection. Most industrial applications are based on this principle: humidification of enclosed spaces, micro-irrigation, surface treatment in steel and sheet manufacturing, paint application. "Pneumatic atomization. A second fluid, usually a gas, is used to facilitate the atomization of the liquid. The shear stresses between the gas and the liquid cause its disintegration in drops. The pneumatic atomization, in general, achieves good renuctions with a moderate pressure.o Pharmaceutical inhalers stand out within this typology.Inhalers usually consist of a chamber that contains the medicine in liquid form, an air jet, a medication feeding duct, and a plaque.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN REGLA 26 impactación combinada con un defiector. Se inyecta aire comprimido, creándose un efecto Nenturi al circular a alta velocidad por un estrechamiento. La bajada de presión producida aspira el líquido desde la cámara de almacenamiento. Al llegar el preparado médico y el chorro de aire a la placa de impactación, el líquido se fragmenta en gotas de tamaño diverso. Las mayores chocan con el deflector y regresan a la cámara, mientras que las menores son arrastradas por el flujo de aire y salen al exterior. Los gases de impulsión pueden ser CFCs (clorofluorocarbona-dos), con las consiguientes incertidumbres ambientales. Atomización electtomdrodmámica de líquidos (electrospray): es una herramienta fundamental de análisis bioquímico (Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, o ESMS), desde que se descubrió su potencial a mediados de la década de los 80. Una de las ventajas que presenta es la mínima cantidad de analito necesaria en el análisis. Sin embargo, para aplicaciones en que se requiere atomizar o disgregar un volumen de líquido suficientemente grande por unidad de tiempo, uno de los problemas fundamentales que presenta el electrospray es su baja productividad. Ejemplos de este tipo de aplicaciones se encuentran en la industria farmacéutica (encapsulación de principios activos), industria alimentaria (encapsulación de distintos ingredientes organolépticos) e industria fitosanitaria. Atomización ultrasónica: escasemente difundida aún, se basa en la circulación de un líquido sobre una superficie que vibra a alta frecuencia. Puede producir gotas muy finas con flujos pequeños.SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 26 impaction combined with a defiector. Compressed air is injected, creating a Nenturi effect when circulating at high speed through a narrowing. The pressure drop produced aspirates the liquid from the storage chamber. When the medical preparation and the air jet arrive at the impaction plate, the liquid fragments into drops of varying size. The older ones collide with the deflector and return to the chamber, while the smaller ones are dragged by the air flow and go outside. The discharge gases can be CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon-dos), with the consequent environmental uncertainties. Electro-dynamic atomization of liquids (electrospray): it is a fundamental tool of biochemical analysis (Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, or ESMS), since its potential was discovered in the mid-80s. One of the advantages it presents is the minimum amount of analyte needed in the analysis. However, for applications where it is required to atomize or disintegrate a sufficiently large volume of liquid per unit of time, one of the fundamental problems that electrospray presents is its low productivity. Examples of this type of applications are found in the pharmaceutical industry (encapsulation of active ingredients), food industry (encapsulation of different organoleptic ingredients) and phytosanitary industry. Ultrasonic atomization: scarcely diffused yet, it is based on the circulation of a liquid on a surface that vibrates at high frequency. It can produce very fine drops with small flows.
La llamada tecnología Flσw Focusing (Gañán-Calvo 1998, Physical Revieiv etters 80, 285), mediante el uso de una geometría especial, utiliza la vía neumática para generar microchorros de líquido que posteriormente, pasado el orificio de salida, se rompen en gotas de tamaño muy pequeño y sustancialmente homogéneo. Esta última tecnología también es capaz de generar micro-chorros de líquido mediante otro líquido en lugar de gas, o bien puede generar micro-chorros de gas en el seno de un líquido (el mismo líquido u otro diferente usado como forzador, es decir, con el mismo papel desempeñado por el gas en el procedimiento neumático), con lo cual se generan microburbujas de tamaño perfectamente homogéneo.The so-called Flσw Focusing technology (Gañán-Calvo 1998, Physical Revieiv etters 80, 285), through the use of a special geometry, uses the pneumatic path to generate liquid micro cubes that subsequently, after the exit hole, are broken into drops of Very small and substantially homogeneous size. The latter technology is also capable of generating micro-jets of liquid by another liquid instead of gas, or it can generate micro-jets of gas within a liquid (the same liquid or a different one used as a forger, that is, with the same role played by the gas in the pneumatic process), with which microbubbles of perfectly homogeneous size are generated.
La presente invención, perteneciente al campo de los atomizadores neumáticos, pretende combinar las ventajas de un diseño sencillo y robusto, con la operación en régimen continuo a bajas presiones y mediante un gas impulsor que, en la mayoría de los casos, puede ser aire atmosférico. El bajoThe present invention, belonging to the field of pneumatic atomizers, aims to combine the advantages of a simple and robust design, with continuous operation at low pressures and by means of an impeller gas which, in most cases, can be atmospheric air . The bass
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN REGLA 26 consumo energético del dispositivo aquí descrito es compatible con una fuente energética renovable: una célula fotovoltaica o un generador eólico, por ejemplo.SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 26 The energy consumption of the device described here is compatible with a renewable energy source: a photovoltaic cell or a wind generator, for example.
Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention
El objeto de la presente invención es un dispositivo y procedimiento de atomización o nebulización de un líquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor que es introducido a presión en dicho dispositivo. Ambos fluidos son expulsados al exterior tras su mezcla, produciéndose la salida del líquido en forma de aerosol o suspensión de gotas arrastrada por la corriente de gas. El dispositivo consta de una cámara de almacenamiento de líquido (1), contenida en una botella presurizada, y un cabezal de mezclado (2) entre las dos fases líquida y gaseosa donde se produce la mezcla de ambas, la disgregación de la corriente líquida y la salida al exterior en forma de aerosol. El gas de impulsión penetra en el interior de la botella por una boquilla de inyección (3), situada en la parte alta de dicha botella, saliendo posteriormente por un tubo de evacuación (4) cuyo extremo comunica con el cabezal de mezclado (2). La superficie libre del líquido dentro de la botella es presionada por el gas de impulsión, por lo que el líquido es impulsado hacia el cabezal a través de un tubo de succión (5) cuya boca de aspiración (6) se encuentra próxima al fondo de la botella. El tubo de evacuación dispone de un regulador de pérdida de carga (7). El tubo de succión, a su vez, está dotado de una válvula de tres vías (8), respectivamente comunicantes con la boca de aspiración (6), el cabezal (2), y un conducto polivalente (9), y tres posiciones: obturación de vías de nebulización, salida de gas por el escape e impulsión de la mezcla gas/líquido por el cabezal. Las tres posiciones de dicha válvula se corresponden con tres fases de operación del dispositivo, respectivamente, la fase de apagado o de rellenado-vaciado de líquido, la de purgado de gas en los conductos de impulsión para limpieza del cabezal, y la de atomización.The object of the present invention is a device and method of atomization or nebulization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas which is introduced under pressure into said device. Both fluids are expelled outside after mixing, producing the liquid in the form of an aerosol or droplet suspension carried by the gas stream. The device consists of a liquid storage chamber (1), contained in a pressurized bottle, and a mixing head (2) between the two liquid and gaseous phases where the mixing of both occurs, the disintegration of the liquid stream and the exit in the form of aerosol. The supply gas penetrates into the interior of the bottle through an injection nozzle (3), located in the upper part of said bottle, subsequently leaving an evacuation tube (4) whose end communicates with the mixing head (2) . The free surface of the liquid inside the bottle is pressed by the discharge gas, whereby the liquid is propelled towards the head through a suction tube (5) whose suction mouth (6) is close to the bottom of the bottle The evacuation tube has a pressure loss regulator (7). The suction tube, in turn, is provided with a three-way valve (8), respectively communicating with the suction mouth (6), the head (2), and a multi-purpose duct (9), and three positions: filling of fogging tracks, gas leakage through the exhaust and impulsion of the gas / liquid mixture through the head. The three positions of said valve correspond to three phases of operation of the device, respectively, the phase of turning off or filling-emptying of liquid, gas purging in the discharge ducts for cleaning the head, and atomization.
El dispositivo es presurizado por un compresor (10) que impulsa al gas entrante en la cámara de almacenamiento a través de la boquilla de inyección (3). Mediante el citado regulador de pérdida de carga (7) se consigue compensar las caídas de presión asociadas con el recorrido de ambos fluidos en su recorrido por el tubo de succión, tubo de evacuación, válvula y cabezal.The device is pressurized by a compressor (10) that drives the incoming gas into the storage chamber through the injection nozzle (3). By means of the aforementioned pressure loss regulator (7), it is possible to compensate for the pressure drops associated with the path of both fluids in their route through the suction tube, drain pipe, valve and head.
En una variante de la invención, el líquido se introduce en la cámara retirando un tapón (11) donde se encuentran alojados los conductos (4) y (5).In a variant of the invention, the liquid is introduced into the chamber by removing a plug (11) where the ducts (4) and (5) are housed.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) El dispositivo y procedimiento objetos de la presente invención facilita la obtención en régimen continuo de un aerosol de buena caKdad sin necesidad de recurrir a un gas impulsor distinto del aire atmosférico. Una presurización Kgera es suficiente para impulsar la mezcla de fluidos y la atomización del líquido. Ello asegura consumos energéticos muy moderados, lo que hace compatible la invención con fuentes renovables y autosuficientes de energía (colector solar, generador eóKco).SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The device and method objects of the present invention facilitates the continuous obtaining of a good quality aerosol without resorting to an impeller gas other than atmospheric air. A Kgera pressurization is sufficient to boost fluid mixing and liquid atomization. This ensures very moderate energy consumption, which makes the invention compatible with renewable and self-sufficient sources of energy (solar collector, eóKco generator).
Descripción de las figurasDescription of the figures
Figura 1 : dispositivo con arreglo a la reivindicación primera.Figure 1: device according to claim one.
(1) Cámara de almacenamiento de Hquido contenida en una botella presurizada; (2) Cabezal de mezclado entre las dos fases líquida y gaseosa donde se produce la mezcla de ambas, la disgregación de la corriente Hquida y la saKda al exterior en forma de aerosol. (3) Boquilla de inyección del gas de impulsión, situada en la parte alta de la botella. (4) Tubo de evacuación del gas de impulsión cuyo extremo comunica con el cabezal de mezclado. (5) Tubo de succión. (6) Boca de aspiración próxima al fondo de la botella. (7) Regulador de pérdida de carga. (8) Válvula de tres vías respectivamente comunicantes con la boca de aspiración, el cabezal y un conducto poKvalente. (9) Conducto poKvalente, de escape de gas o reKenado-vaciado de Hquido. (10) Compresor de impulsión del gas en la cámara de almacenamiento. (11) Tapón de alojamiento de los tubos (4) y (5).(1) Liquid storage chamber contained in a pressurized bottle; (2) Mixing head between the two liquid and gas phases where the mixing of both occurs, the disintegration of the liquid stream and the saKda to the outside in the form of an aerosol. (3) Injection nozzle of the supply gas, located in the upper part of the bottle. (4) Supply gas evacuation tube whose end communicates with the mixing head. (5) Suction tube. (6) Suction mouth near the bottom of the bottle. (7) Load loss regulator. (8) Three-way valve respectively communicating with the suction mouth, the head and a poKvalente duct. (9) PoKvalent, gas exhaust or Liquid re-draining duct. (10) Gas discharge compressor in the storage chamber. (11) Tube housing plug (4) and (5).
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

Reivindicaciones Claims
1. Dispositivo para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor que es introducido a presión en dicho dispositivo, siendo ambos fluidos expulsados al exterior en forma de aerosol o suspensión de gotas transportada por dicho gas; en dicho dispositivo se dispone de una cámara de almacenamiento de Hquido (1), que es estanca por todos lados salvo por la entrada del gas a presión, la saKda del gas hacia el cabezal de mezclado (2), y la saKda del Hquido por un tubo de succión (5) hacia el cabezal de mezclado (2) donde se produce la mezcla entre las dos fases Hquida y gaseosa, la disgregación de la corriente Hquida y la saKda al exterior en forma de aerosol; dicho dispositivo está1. Device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of an impeller gas which is introduced under pressure in said device, both fluids being expelled outside in the form of an aerosol or droplet suspension transported by said gas; in said device there is a liquid storage chamber (1), which is watertight everywhere except for the pressure gas inlet, the gas outlet to the mixing head (2), and the liquid outlet by a suction tube (5) towards the mixing head (2) where the mixture between the two phases of the liquid and gas occurs, the disintegration of the liquid stream and the saKda outside in the form of an aerosol; said device is
caracterizado por quecharacterized by that
a) el gas de impulsión penetra en el interior de la botella por una boquilla de inyección (3), situada en la parte alta de dicha botella, saKendo posteriormente por un tubo de evacuación (4) cuyo extremo comunica con el cabezal de mezclado (2); la superficie Kbre del Hquido dentro de la boteHa es presionada por el gas de impulsión siendo el Hquido consecuentemente impulsado hacia el cabezal a través de dicho tubo de succión (5), cuya boca de aspiración (6) se encuentra próxima al fondo de la boteHa; b) dicho tubo de evacuación (4) dispone de un regulador de presión o caudal (7); c) dicho tubo de succión (5) está dotado de una válvula de tres vías y tres posiciones (8); d) dichas tres vías comunican respectivamente con la boca de aspiración (6), el cabezal (2), y un conducto poKvalente (9); a través de dicho conducto poHvalente (9) puede alimentarse directamente con Hquido dicha cámara de almacenamiento (1), o puede evacuarse directamente al exterior el Hquido de la cámara (1), o puede salir el gas contenido en dicha cámara (1) atravesando, en primer lugar, dicho tubo de evacuación (4), y en segundo lugar, dicho cabezal (2), y Hegando finalmente a dicho conducto poKvalente (9) a través de dicha válvula (8); e) dichas tres posiciones son de (I) reHenado o purgado de la cámara de Hquido a través del conducto (9); (II) limpieza del cabezal, mediante la saKda de gas por dicho conducto poKvalente (9) previo paso por el tubo de evacuación (4) y el cabezal (2); y (III) impulsión de la mezcla gas/Hquido por el cabezal; dichas tres posiciones se corresponden con tres fases dea) the supply gas penetrates into the interior of the bottle through an injection nozzle (3), located in the upper part of said bottle, subsequently being removed by an evacuation tube (4) whose end communicates with the mixing head ( two); The surface Kbre of the Liquid inside the canister is pressed by the discharge gas, the Liquid being consequently propelled towards the head through said suction tube (5), whose suction mouth (6) is close to the bottom of the canister. ; b) said evacuation tube (4) has a pressure or flow regulator (7); c) said suction tube (5) is provided with a three way and three position valve (8); d) said three ways communicate respectively with the suction mouth (6), the head (2), and a poKvalent duct (9); through said poHvalent conduit (9) said storage chamber (1) can be fed directly with liquid, or the chamber liquid (1) can be evacuated directly to the outside, or the gas contained in said chamber (1) can flow out , first, said evacuation tube (4), and secondly, said head (2), and finally making said poKvalent conduit (9) through said valve (8); e) said three positions are of (I) reHeado or purged of the chamber of Liquid through the conduit (9); (II) cleaning of the head, by means of the gas saKda through said poKvalent conduit (9) prior to passing through the evacuation tube (4) and the head (2); and (III) supply of the gas / liquid mixture through the head; said three positions correspond to three phases of
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) operación del dispositivo, respectivamente, la fase de apagado o reUenado-vaciado de Hquido, la de purgado de los conductos de impulsión y el cabezal utilizando el gas de la cámara, y la de atomización; £) el dispositivo es presurizado por un compresor (10) que impulsa al gas entrante en la cámara de almacenamiento a través de la boquilla de inyección (3).SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) operation of the device, respectively, the phase of switching off or re-draining of liquid, the purging of the discharge ducts and the head using the chamber gas, and the atomization; £) The device is pressurized by a compressor (10) that drives the incoming gas into the storage chamber through the injection nozzle (3).
2. Dispositivo para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según la reivindicación primera, caracterizado por que el Hquido se introduce en la cámara retirando un tapón (11) donde se encuentran alojados los conductos de evacuación (4) y poKvalente (5).2. Device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas according to the first claim, characterized in that the liquid is introduced into the chamber by removing a plug (11) where the evacuation ducts (4) and poKvalente are housed (5).
3. Dispositivo para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según la reivindicación primera o segunda, caracterizado por que el Hquido se introduce en la cámara a través de un orificio en dicha cámara, estando dicho orificio obturado por un tapón cuando la válvula (8) se encuentra en las posiciones (II) o (III).3. Device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas according to the first or second claim, characterized in that the liquid is introduced into the chamber through a hole in said chamber, said hole being sealed by a plug when the valve (8) is in positions (II) or (III).
4. Dispositivo portátil para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según las reivindicaciones primera, segunda o tercera, caracterizado por que el gas es introducido en la cámara mediante un pequeño compresor eléctrico que tiene un consumo inferior a 50 atios.4. Portable device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas according to the first, second or third claims, characterized in that the gas is introduced into the chamber by means of a small electric compressor having a consumption of less than 50 years.
5. Dispositivo portátil para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según la reivindicación cuarta, caracterizado por que dicho pequeño compresor es alimentado por una placa fotovoltaica.5. Portable device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of an impeller gas according to claim four, characterized in that said small compressor is fed by a photovoltaic plate.
6. Dispositivo portátil para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según la reivindicación cuarta, caracterizado por que dicho pequeño compresor es alimentado por un generador eóKco.6. Portable device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of an impeller gas according to claim four, characterized in that said small compressor is fed by an eóKco generator.
7. Dispositivo portátil para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según la reivindicación cuarta, caracterizado por que el pequeño compresor es alimentado por un pequeño generador portátil a gasolina o diesel.7. Portable device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas according to claim four, characterized in that the small compressor is fed by a small portable gasoline or diesel generator.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
8. Dispositivo portátil para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según las reivindicaciones primera, segunda o tercera, caracterizado por que el gas es introducido en la cámara mediante un pequeño compresor portátil que funciona a gasolina o diesel.8. Portable device for the atomization of a liquid by means of the use of a driving gas according to the first, second or third claims, characterized in that the gas is introduced into the chamber by means of a small portable compressor that runs on gasoline or diesel.
9. Procedimiento para la atomización de un Hquido mediante el uso de un gas impulsor según el dispositivo de las reivindicaciones primera, segunda, tercera, cuarta, quinta, sexta, séptima u octava.9. Method for atomizing a liquid by using a driving gas according to the device of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth claims.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
PCT/ES2005/000118 2004-03-09 2005-03-07 Pneumatic liquid atomisation device and method WO2005086562A2 (en)

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