WO2005061318A1

WO2005061318A1 - Vehicle framework and four-wheeled vehicle using the same

Info

Publication number: WO2005061318A1
Application number: PCT/CN2004/000250
Authority: WO
Inventors: Xiangyang Zhang
Original assignee: Xiangyang Zhang
Priority date: 2003-06-17
Filing date: 2004-03-24
Publication date: 2005-07-07

Abstract

A vehicle framework comprises an upper frame and a lower frame, each frame respectively has an upper surface and a lower surface, at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface is plane or functions as mounting surface, An end of said framework is provided with a positioning-connecting means for a king pin, whereas the other end of framework is provided with an installing means for a driving axle. A housing tube for a steering column is inclinedly arranged at the front end of framework. There are 1-5 connecting rods or poles between the upper frame and the lower frame. A small type four-wheeled vehicle using the framework is composed of said framework, a pair of front wheels, a pair of rear wheels, driving assembly, steering assembly, braking assembly and so on. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, high flexibility, and lower cost.

Description

一种微型四轮车及其车架 A miniature four-wheeler and its frame

【技术领域】 [Technical Field]

本发明涉及一种四轮车及其车架，特别是涉及一种微型四轮车及其车架。 The invention relates to a four-wheeled vehicle and a frame thereof, in particular to a miniature four-wheeled vehicle and a frame thereof.

【背景技术】【Background technique】

迄今为止，国内外已公开的微型四轮自行车及可在人行道上行驶的微型四轮电动车、微型四轮助动车专利尚没有成熟的产品问世，原因是这些技术方案或者结构复杂、或者体积太大、车体笨重、重心偏高，而无法作为交通代步工具在城乡普遍推广。究其原因，主要是作为四轮车主体结构的车架普遍存在结构复杂、功能单一、零部件不易安装等问题。据检索，作为最接近的对比文件，中国专利 98800333. 3 和日本专利 JP5039072同样未能解决这一难题。 So far, patents for micro four-wheeled bicycles and micro four-wheeled electric vehicles and micro four-wheeled motor vehicles that can travel on the sidewalk have not been published yet. The reason is that these technical solutions have complicated structures or are too bulky. It is large, heavy, and has a high center of gravity, which cannot be widely promoted in urban and rural areas as a means of transportation. The main reason is that the frame, which is the main structure of a four-wheeled vehicle, generally has problems such as complex structure, single function, and difficult to install parts. According to the search, as the closest comparative document, Chinese patent 988003333.3 and Japanese patent JP5039072 also failed to solve this problem.

ZL98800333. 3 所公开的车架中有两根邻接的弯管在车子的纵向方向上延伸、弯曲而互相靠近，弯管的形状与弓锯形状类似。该方案明显的缺点是车架占有空间体积太大、车架笨重、安装性能差，整车结构复杂，抗震性能较差。日本专利 JP5039072所提供的车架前、后端部分别设有前、后悬挂***，该车架由双钢管并列中间通过横管连接组成，缺点同样是空间结构形状复杂、加工难度大。 ZL98800333. 3 has two adjacent elbows extending in the longitudinal direction of the car, bending and approaching each other. The shape of the elbows is similar to the shape of a bow saw. The obvious disadvantages of this solution are that the space occupied by the frame is too large, the frame is heavy, the installation performance is poor, the structure of the entire vehicle is complex, and the seismic performance is poor. The front and rear parts of the frame provided by the Japanese patent JP5039072 are respectively provided with front and rear suspension systems. The frame is composed of double steel pipes connected in parallel by a cross pipe in the middle. The disadvantages are also the complicated shape of the space structure and the difficulty of processing.

【发明内容】 [Summary of the Invention]

针对现有技术方案存在的上述缺点，本发明的目的之一是要提供一种结构简单、功能突出、集全车承载主体和装配基体于一身，占用空间小、重量轻，容易加工、成本较低的微型四轮车车架；本发明的另一目的是为了提供一种小巧轻便、乘坐安全舒适，在城乡可以作为交通代步工具及具有多种功能的微型四轮车。 In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings existing in the prior art solutions, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a simple structure, outstanding functions, integrating the entire vehicle loading body and assembly base, occupying a small space, light weight, easy processing, and relatively low cost. Low miniature four-wheeled vehicle frame; Another object of the present invention is to provide a miniature four-wheeled vehicle that is compact and light, safe and comfortable to ride, and can be used as a transportation tool in urban and rural areas and has multiple functions.

本发明的目的之一是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种微型四轮车车架，包括相互连接的上架和下架，上架和下架都包括各自的上表面和下表面，所述上表面和下表面中至少其一为平面或构成安装平面，所述车架前、后两端择一地设有主销定位连接装置和驱动轴安装装置，其前部向后倾斜地装有转向杆定位管，上、下架之间装有 1一 5条连接架或连接杆。 One of the objectives of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A miniature four-wheeled vehicle frame includes an upper frame and a lower frame connected to each other, and the upper frame and the lower frame each include a respective upper surface and a lower surface, and the upper surface At least one of the lower surface and the lower surface is a plane or constitutes a mounting plane. The front and rear ends of the frame are optionally provided with a king pin positioning connection device and a drive shaft mounting device. The positioning tube is provided with 1 to 5 connecting frames or connecting rods between the upper and lower frames.

本发明的另一目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种微型四轮车，包括车架、一对前轮和一对后轮、驱动装置、转向装置、刹车装置等，所述车架包括相互连接的上架和下架，上架和下架都包括各自的上表面和下表面，所述上表面和下表面中至少其一为平面或构成安装平面，所述车架前、后两端择一地设有主销定位连接装置和驱动轴安装装置，其前部向后倾斜地装有转向杆定位管，上、下架之间装有 1一 5条连接架或连接杆。 Another object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: A miniature four-wheeled vehicle includes a frame, a pair of front wheels and a pair of rear wheels, a driving device, a steering device, a braking device, and the like. The frame includes The upper frame and the lower frame are connected to each other. Each of the upper frame and the lower frame includes a respective upper surface and a lower surface. At least one of the upper surface and the lower surface is a plane or constitutes a mounting plane. A ground pin positioning and connecting device and a drive shaft mounting device are provided at one place. A steering rod positioning tube is obliquely rearwardly arranged at the front, and 1 to 5 connecting frames or connecting rods are arranged between the upper and lower frames.

本发明的微型四轮车车架的优点为： 1 ) 结构简单、功能突出、集全车承载主体和装配基体于一身。与传统管式车架不同，本发明车架的上表面或下表面为水平 The advantages of the miniature four-wheeled vehicle frame of the present invention are: 1) The structure is simple, the functions are outstanding, and the entire vehicle is loaded with the main body and the assembly base. Unlike a traditional tubular frame, the upper or lower surface of the frame of the present invention is horizontal

1 1

确认本平面或具有安装平面的基础结构，因而车架结构大大简化、牢固可靠，且兼为安装平台，全车主要部件包括车轮、驱动装置、转向装置、刹车装置、传动装置、座椅、货架等都可以直接或通过简单的连接件安装在车架上。 2 ) 占用空间小、重量轻。由于车架结构的改进，使其占用的空间成倍缩小，重量大大减轻。在本发明的优选实施例中，车架的长宽髙只有 128 cm X 32 cm X 40 cm。 3 ) 加工工艺简单、成本较低。本发明的上、下架可采用金属板材或管材折弯焊接成型，不需要专用接头，或采用塑料整体注塑成型，因此加工成本相对较低。 Confirm this The plane or the basic structure with a mounting plane, so the frame structure is greatly simplified, sturdy and reliable, and also serves as a mounting platform. The main components of the whole vehicle include wheels, driving devices, steering devices, braking devices, transmission devices, seats, shelves, etc. It can be mounted on the frame directly or via a simple connection. 2) Small footprint and light weight. Due to the improvement of the structure of the frame, the space occupied by the frame is doubled, and the weight is greatly reduced. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length and width of the frame are only 128 cm X 32 cm X 40 cm. 3) Simple processing technology and low cost. The upper and lower racks of the present invention can be formed by bending and welding of metal plates or pipes without special joints or plastic injection molding, so the processing cost is relatively low.

由于车架的上述优点，本发明的微型四轮车具有如下优点： 1 )整车小巧轻便，可装备人力驱动部件作为城乡交通代步工具。由于车架结构方面的重大改进，加上降低座椅高度及采用小轮径轮胎，本发明可以大幅度缩小全车体积、减轻车重和降低重心。在微型四轮自行车优选实施例中，全车体积仅为长 166 cm X宽 50 cm X高 96 cm , 釆用金属车架制成的整车约重 12-16 kg，比自行车略重；采用塑料车架制成的微型四轮自行车还可以做得更小更轻。这种小巧轻便的四轮自行车完全可以替代两轮自行车在城乡普遍推广。 2) 行驶稳定安全、乘坐舒适，可开发为多种用途的功能车。本发明的四个车轮分布在车身四周及低重心结构，大大提高了行驶的稳定性和安全性；前后轮可采用弹性悬架，在带靠背的座椅上釆取半躺式驾驶，增加了乘坐的舒适性；可以调节的座椅和转向盘适合不同年龄的人群使用。以上功能使本发明不仅可以作为一般的交通代步工具，还可以开发为游乐车、休闲健身车、旅游车、童车，装上电池、电动机或内燃机还可以组装成为微型四轮电动车、微型四轮机动车、微型四轮助动车或残疾人车等。 3 ) 可以大量采用普通自行车零部件，投资小、技术方案容易实现。 Due to the above-mentioned advantages of the frame, the mini four-wheeled vehicle of the present invention has the following advantages: 1) The whole vehicle is compact and lightweight, and can be equipped with human-driven components as a vehicle for urban and rural transportation. Due to the major improvements in the structure of the frame, coupled with the reduction in seat height and the use of small wheel diameter tires, the present invention can significantly reduce the overall vehicle volume, weight and center of gravity. In the preferred embodiment of the miniature four-wheeled bicycle, the overall vehicle volume is only 166 cm in length X 50 cm in width X 96 cm in height, and the entire vehicle made of a metal frame weighs about 12-16 kg, which is slightly heavier than a bicycle; Mini four-wheel bicycles made of plastic frames can also be made smaller and lighter. This compact and lightweight four-wheeled bicycle can completely replace the two-wheeled bicycle in urban and rural areas. 2) Stable and safe driving, comfortable riding, and can be developed into a multi-purpose functional vehicle. The four wheels of the present invention are distributed around the vehicle body and have a low center-of-gravity structure, which greatly improves the stability and safety of driving; the front and rear wheels can adopt elastic suspension, and the semi-recumbent driving is taken on the seat with a backrest, which increases the Riding comfort; Adjustable seat and steering wheel are suitable for people of different ages. The above functions enable the present invention not only to be used as a general means of transportation, but also to be developed into recreational vehicles, recreational exercise bikes, tourist vehicles, baby carriages, with batteries, electric motors or internal combustion engines, and can be assembled into micro four-wheeled electric vehicles and micro four-wheeled vehicles. Motor vehicles, mini four-wheeled vehicles or disabled vehicles. 3) Can use a large number of ordinary bicycle parts, small investment, and easy implementation of technical solutions.

以下结合具体实施例和附图对本发明的技术解决方案作进一步说明。 The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.

【附图说明】 [Brief Description of the Drawings]

图 1为本发明上下架为一字形截面的车架及部分装配件的透视图。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a frame and a part of mounting parts of the present invention with a vertical cross section.

图 2为本发明上下架为双管式截面的车架及部分装配件的透视图。 FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a frame and a part of mounting parts with a double-tube cross section in the upper and lower frames of the present invention.

图 3为本发明整体注塑成型的塑料车架的透视图 FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the integrally injection-molded plastic frame of the present invention

图 4为本发明塑料车架及部分装配件的透视图。 Figure 4 is a perspective view of a plastic frame and a portion of the assembly of the present invention.

图 5为上架前圆弧后直线固接下架式的车架示意图。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a straight frame fixed to a lower frame with a front arc and a rear arc.

图 6为上架前直线后圆弧固接下架式的车架示意图。 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a straight frame and a rear arc fixed to a lower frame.

图 7为上架前、后圆弧固接下架式的车架示意图。 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a front frame and a rear frame fixedly connected to a lower frame.

图 8为上架梯形固接下架式的车架示意图。 Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a trapezoidal fixed lower frame type upper frame.

图 9为上架后端 T形连接下架式的车架示意图。 Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a T-connected lower frame type frame at the rear end of the upper frame.

图 10为座椅安装透视图。 Figure 10 is a perspective view of the seat installation.

图 11为双横杆式主销定位连接装置透视图。 Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a double cross bar type king pin positioning and connecting device.

图 12为减震器式主销定位连接装置透视图。图 13为 A形主销导向板 +减震器式主销定位连接装置透视图。 FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a shock absorber-type king pin positioning connection device. 13 is a perspective view of an A-shaped king pin guide plate + shock absorber king pin positioning connection device.

图 14为双钢板 +减震器式主销定位连接装置透视图。 Figure 14 is a perspective view of a dual steel plate + shock absorber-type kingpin positioning connection device.

图 15为转向连杆机构及转向节安装透视图。 Figure 15 is a perspective view of the steering link mechanism and knuckle installation.

图 16为导向钢板式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a guide plate type drive shaft mounting device.

图 17为调节杆式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the adjusting lever type drive shaft mounting device.

图 18为前后横向连接管式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a front-rear transverse connection tube-type drive shaft mounting device.

图 19为上下横向连接管式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a mounting device for a horizontally connected tubular drive shaft.

图 20为 U字形叉式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Figure 20 is a perspective view of a U-shaped fork-type drive shaft mounting device.

图 21为导向板 +减震器式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Figure 21 is a perspective view of a guide plate + shock absorber-type drive shaft mounting device.

图 22为导向板 +负荷调节滑架式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Figure 22 is a perspective view of a guide plate + load adjustment carriage type drive shaft mounting device.

图 23为槽形或工字形导向板 +减震器式驱动轴安装装置透视图。 Figure 23 is a perspective view of a slot-shaped or I-shaped guide plate + shock absorber drive shaft mounting device.

图 24为上置的带连接架的半卷式后导向板连接示意图。 Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the upper half-rolled rear guide plate with the connecting frame.

图 25为下置的半卷式后导向板连接示意图。 Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the lower half-rolled rear guide plate.

图 26为本发明微型四轮车优选实施例一效果图。 FIG. 26 is an effect diagram of a preferred embodiment of a miniature four-wheeled vehicle according to the present invention.

图中：上架 1 下架 2 主销定位连接装置 3 驱动轴安装装置 4 连接架或连接杆 5 中轴套管安装架 6 转向杆定位管 7 座椅 8 滑槽 21 安装槽 22 定位横杆或定位钢板安装孔 23、 23 ' 中轴套管安装孔 24 刹车轴安装孔 25 摆臂或导向板定位轴安装孔 26 后减震器轴安装孔 27 横向连接管安装孔 28、 28 ' 卷线轮 30 钢丝绳 31 主销定位钢板 32、 32 ' 主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' 前导向钢绳 34、 34 ' 主销 35、 35 ' 主销连接块 36、 36 ' 转向节 37、 37，转向节臂 38、 38 ' 转向横拉杆 39 左、右导向摆臂 41、 41 ' 摆臂定位轴 42 后减震器 43、 43 ' 驱动轴轴承 44、 44 ' 后减震器轴 45、 45 ' 后导向钢绳 46、 46 ' 驱动轴 47 中轴 61 刹车轴 62 刹车踏板 63 手刹拉杆 64 ' 转向杆套管 70 定位管轴承 71、 71 转向杆 72 快卸紧固环 73 连接螺栓 81 连接螺母 82 主销定位横杆 311、 311 ' 前减震器 331、 33 Γ 前减震器轴 332 A形主销导向板 341、 34Γ 左、右导向钢板 411、41 Γ 导向板定位轴 412 负荷调节杆 433 调节螺栓 434 调节螺母 435 横向连接管 441、 44 连接片 442、 442， U字型立叉 451 U字型平叉 452 后导向板 461 导向板固定架 462 负荷调节滑架 472 滑架调节螺丝 473 槽形或工字形导向板 491 脚蹬部件 611 【具体实施方式】优选实施例一：本实施例为上、下架采用一字形截面的车架制成的微型四轮自行车。如图 1所示：其主体结构车架包括上架 1及下架 2、主销定位连接装置 3、驱动轴安装装置 4、转向杆定位管 7和连接架 5。上架 1和下架 2由薄钢板制成，钢板厚度为 4毫米，宽度为 80毫米，两者各取一字形和槽形截面。上架 1前端向下弯曲成圆弧与下架 2前端相接，然后继续向下、向后、向上折成倒梯形的前底端再次与下架 2固接，上架 1后端向下折成近似直角与下架 2固接，为增加强度，上架 1和下架 2之间装有两条连接架 5。主销定位连接装置 3和驱动轴安装装置 4分别安装在上架 1和下架 2的前、后两端。 In the picture: Upper frame 1 Lower frame 2 Main pin positioning connection device 3 Drive shaft mounting device 4 Connection frame or connecting rod 5 Bottom bushing mounting frame 6 Steering rod positioning tube 7 Seat 8 Slot 21 Mounting slot 22 Positioning crossbar or Positioning steel plate mounting holes 23, 23 'Bottom shaft bushing mounting hole 24 Brake shaft mounting hole 25 Swing arm or guide plate positioning shaft mounting hole 26 Rear shock absorber shaft mounting hole 27 Transverse connection pipe mounting hole 28, 28' reel 30 Wire rope 31 King pin positioning steel plate 32, 32 'King pin mounting bearing 33, 33' Front guide wire rope 34, 34 'King pin 35, 35' King pin connection block 36, 36 'Steering knuckle 37, 37, knuckle arm 38, 38 'Steering tie rods 39 Left and right guide swing arms 41, 41' Swing arm positioning shaft 42 Rear shock absorbers 43, 43 'Drive shaft bearings 44, 44' Rear shock absorber shafts 45, 45 'Rear guide steel Rope 46, 46 'Drive shaft 47 Bottom shaft 61 Brake shaft 62 Brake pedal 63 Handbrake lever 64' Steering rod sleeve 70 Positioning tube bearing 71, 71 Steering rod 72 Quick-release fastening ring 73 Connecting bolt 81 Connecting nut 82 Master pin positioning Crossbars 311, 311 'Front shock absorbers 331, 33 Γ Front shock absorber shaft 332 A-shaped king pin guide plates 341, 34Γ Left and right guide steel plates 411, 41 Γ Guide plate positioning shaft 412 Load adjustment lever 433 Adjustment bolt 434 Adjustment nut 435 Transverse connection pipe 441, 44 Connection piece 442, 442, U-shaped stand fork 451 U-shaped flat fork 452 rear guide Plate 461 Guide plate fixing frame 462 Load adjustment carriage 472 Slide adjustment screw 473 Slot or I-shaped guide plate 491 Pedal member 611 [Detailed description] Preferred Embodiment 1: This embodiment is a miniature four-wheel bicycle made of a frame with a cross section in the upper and lower frames. As shown in FIG. 1: The main structure frame includes an upper frame 1 and a lower frame 2, a king pin positioning connection device 3, a drive shaft mounting device 4, a steering rod positioning pipe 7, and a connection frame 5. The upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 are made of a thin steel plate, and the steel plate has a thickness of 4 mm and a width of 80 mm, each of which takes a shape of a cross section and a groove shape. The front end of the upper shelf 1 is bent downward to form an arc to connect with the front end of the lower shelf 2. Then, the front bottom end of the inverted trapezoid that continues to fold downward, backward, and upward is fixed to the lower shelf 2 again, and the rear end of the upper shelf 1 is folded down into It is fixedly connected to the lower frame 2 at approximately a right angle. In order to increase the strength, two connecting frames 5 are installed between the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2. The kingpin positioning connection device 3 and the drive shaft mounting device 4 are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2.

如图 1所示，本实施例的主销定位连接装置 3采用双钢板式。该装置包括主销定位钢板 32、 32 '、主销安装轴承 33、 33，和前导向钢绳 34、 34'。主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' 装于上、下两块主销定位钢板 32、 32 ' 两端，主销定位钢板 32、 32 ' 平行且分别横向固接于下架 2和上架 1前底端，为保证主销在运动中准确定位，主销定位钢板 32、 32，外侧和上、下架之间加装了前导向钢绳 34、 34'。由于运动中主销和主销定位钢板之间的相对位置经常发生变化，因此本例的主销安装轴承 33、 33 '采用关节轴承。在安装时，同侧上、下轴承轴心连线上端向车身后侧倾斜 4.5 ° ，向车身内侧倾斜 6° ，以形成合适的主销后倾角和主销内倾角。 As shown in FIG. 1, the king pin positioning and connecting device 3 of this embodiment adopts a double steel plate type. The device includes king pin positioning steel plates 32, 32 ', king pin mounting bearings 33, 33, and front guide wire ropes 34, 34'. The main pin mounting bearings 33 and 33 'are mounted on both ends of the upper and lower main pin positioning steel plates 32 and 32', and the main pin positioning steel plates 32 and 32 'are parallel and laterally fixed to the front bottom end of the lower frame 2 and the upper frame 1, respectively. In order to ensure the accurate positioning of the kingpin during the movement, the kingpin positioning steel plates 32 and 32 are provided with front guide steel ropes 34 and 34 'between the outer side and the upper and lower frames. Since the relative position between the king pin and the king pin positioning steel plate often changes during the movement, the king pin mounting bearings 33, 33 'in this example adopt articulated bearings. During installation, the upper ends of the upper and lower bearing axis lines on the same side are inclined 4.5 ° toward the rear of the vehicle body and 6 ° toward the inside of the vehicle body to form a suitable kingpin inclination angle and kingpin inclination angle.

图 15描述了本实施例转向连杆机构及转向节的安装方法。主销 35、 35 ' 通过主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' 与主销定位钢板 32、 32 ' 铰接，固装于主销 35、 35 ' 的主销连接块 36、 36' 外侧和后侧分别装有左、右转向节 37、 37' 和左、右转向节臂 38、 38 ' , 转向节臂 38、 38 ' 后端与转向横拉杆 39两端铰接，转向轮安装在转向节 37、 37，上。由于主销定位钢板带有弹性，所以转向轮可实现独立悬架。 FIG. 15 illustrates a steering link mechanism and a method of installing a steering knuckle in this embodiment. The main pins 35, 35 'are hinged to the main pin positioning steel plates 32, 32' through the main pin mounting bearings 33, 33 ', and are fixed to the main pin connecting blocks 36, 36' of the main pins 35, 35 '. There are left and right knuckles 37, 37 'and left and right knuckle arms 38, 38', and the rear ends of the knuckle arms 38, 38 'are hinged to both ends of the steering tie rod 39, and the steering wheels are mounted on the knuckles 37, 37, on. Due to the elasticity of the king pin positioning steel plate, the steering wheel can achieve independent suspension.

如图 1、图 21所示，本实施例采用导向板 +减震器式驱动轴安装装置。该装置装在车架后端，包括前端带套管的后导向板 461、导向板固定架 462、导向板定位轴 412、横向连接管 441、 441 '、左、右连接片 442、 442 '、左、右后减震器 43、 43 '、驱动轴轴承 44， 44，、后减震器上、下轴 45、 45 '。后导向板 461带套管的前端通过导向板固定架 462和导向板定位轴 412与下架 2铰接，另一端与两条并列的横向连接管 441、 441，的中部固接，横向连接管 441、 441，两端与装有驱动轴滚动轴承 44、 44，的连接片 442、 442 ' 固接，左、右后减震器 43、 43 ' 上、下端分别与后减震器上、下轴 45、 45 ' 同侧端铰接，而后减震器上、下轴 45、 45 ' 分别固定在上架 1及后导向板 461的后上侧。为保证驱动轮在运动中准确定位，连接管 441外侧和导向板定位轴 412之间对称安装了后导向钢绳 46、 46 '。驱动轴 47 (图 1 ) 穿过驱动轴轴承 44、 44 '，其中部与链轮相对部位装有普通自行车飞轮，驱动轴 47—端与一个后轮固接，另一端通过轴承与另一个后轮活接，以形成差速转动。 As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 21, in this embodiment, a guide plate + shock absorber type drive shaft mounting device is used. The device is installed at the rear end of the frame, and includes a rear guide plate 461 with a sleeve at the front end, a guide plate fixing frame 462, a guide plate positioning shaft 412, transverse connecting pipes 441, 441 ', left and right connecting pieces 442, 442', Left and right rear shock absorbers 43, 43 ', drive shaft bearings 44, 44, and rear shock absorbers 45 and 45'. The front end of the rear guide plate 461 with the sleeve is hinged to the lower frame 2 through the guide plate fixing frame 462 and the guide plate positioning shaft 412, and the other end is fixedly connected to the middle of two parallel connection pipes 441, 441, and the horizontal connection pipe 441. , 441, both ends are fixedly connected to the connecting pieces 442, 442 'equipped with drive shaft rolling bearings 44, 44, and the left and right rear shock absorbers 43, 43' are respectively upper and lower ends with the rear shock absorber upper and lower shafts 45, 45 , 45 ′ are hinged on the same side, and the upper and lower shafts 45 and 45 ′ of the rear shock absorber are respectively fixed on the upper rear side of the upper frame 1 and the rear guide plate 461. In order to ensure the accurate positioning of the driving wheels during the movement, rear guide steel ropes 46, 46 'are symmetrically installed between the outside of the connecting pipe 441 and the guide plate positioning shaft 412. The drive shaft 47 (Fig. 1) passes through the drive shaft bearings 44, 44 ', and a common bicycle flywheel is mounted on the opposite part of the sprocket. The drive shaft 47 is fixed to one rear wheel at one end, and the other end is connected to the other rear end through a bearing. The wheels are articulated to form a differential rotation.

如图 1所示，本实施例的下架 2中部装有中轴套管安装架 6，安装架 6上装有中轴套管以安装自行车中轴 61和脚蹬部件 611，脚蹬部件 611、中轴 61、链轮、链条连同上述的飞轮、驱动轴 47组成了本发明的人力驱动装置。 As shown in FIG. 1, a bottom bracket 2 of this embodiment is provided with a bottom bracket mounting bracket 6 in the middle, and a bottom bracket is mounted on the mounting bracket 6 to mount the bicycle bottom bracket 61 and the pedal member 611, the pedal member 611, Bottom 61, sprocket, chain The bar together with the above-mentioned flywheel and drive shaft 47 constitute the human-powered driving device of the present invention.

如图 1、图 15所示，上架 1与下架 2前部装有向后倾斜、且与平面大致形成 45 ° 左右夹角的转向杆定位管 7，转向杆套管 70通过定位管轴承 71、 7Γ 与转向杆定位管 7铰接，可上下滑动的转向杆 72***转向杆套管 70并通过快卸紧固环 73将其固定在转向杆套管 70的适当位置上（此位置可因人而异），转向杆 72顶端装有转向盘（图 26)。转向杆套管 70下端固装有卷线轮 30，卷线轮 30上缠绕的钢丝绳 31两端与转向横拉杆 39相接，通过转向连杆机构，转动转向盘即可带动转向轮转向。采用转向盘转向不仅提升了本发明的档次，还大大增加了驾驶乐趣。上述的转向杆定位管 7、转向杆套管 70、定位管轴承 71、 71 '、转向杆 72、快卸紧固环 73、转向盘及图 15所示的转向连杆机构组成本实施例的转向装置。 ' As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 15, the front part of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 is provided with a steering rod positioning tube 7 inclined backward and forming an angle of about 45 ° with the plane. The steering rod sleeve 70 passes the positioning tube bearing 71. , 7Γ is hinged to the steering rod positioning tube 7, and the slidable steering rod 72 is inserted into the steering rod sleeve 70 and fastened to the appropriate position of the steering rod sleeve 70 by a quick-release fastening ring 73 (this position can be changed by people It varies), and a steering wheel is installed at the top of the steering rod 72 (Fig. 26). The lower end of the steering rod sleeve 70 is fixed with a reel 30, and the two ends of the steel wire 31 wound on the reel 30 are connected to the tie rod 39. Through the steering link mechanism, the steering wheel can be turned by turning the steering wheel. The use of a steering wheel for steering not only improves the grade of the present invention, but also greatly increases driving pleasure. The above-mentioned steering rod positioning tube 7, the steering rod sleeve 70, the positioning tube bearings 71, 71 ', the steering rod 72, the quick release fastening ring 73, the steering wheel, and the steering link mechanism shown in FIG. 15 constitute the Steering. '

如图 1所示，装于下架 2中部的中轴套管安装架 6上装有刹车轴 62，刹车轴 62上装有刹车踏板 63及手刹拉杆 64。驱动轴安装装置 4中的左、右连接片 442、 442，外侧对称装有与驱动轴轴承 44、 44' 同心的普通自行车抱闸盒，两后轮的轴套内侧与抱闸盒对应部位装有抱闸盘和抱闸圈，抱闸圈上的曲拐与刹车踏板 63及手刹拉杆 64之间用钢丝绳连接（附图未示出），抱闸部件连同刹车轴 62、刹车踏板 63、手刹拉杆 64及钢丝绳等组成本实施例的刹车装置。 As shown in FIG. 1, a brake shaft 62 is mounted on a bottom bracket mounting bracket 6 mounted in the middle of the lower frame 2, and a brake pedal 63 and a handbrake lever 64 are mounted on the brake shaft 62. The left and right connecting pieces 442 and 442 in the drive shaft mounting device 4 are equipped with a common bicycle brake box that is concentric with the drive shaft bearings 44 and 44 'on the outside, and the inner sides of the two rear wheel sleeves are fitted with the corresponding parts of the brake box. There are brake discs and brake rings. The brakes on the brake rings are connected to the brake pedal 63 and the handbrake lever 64 by a wire rope (not shown in the drawing). The brake parts together with the brake shaft 62, brake pedal 63, and handbrake The pull rod 64, the wire rope, and the like constitute the brake device of this embodiment.

如图 10、图 26所示，上架 1后部设有安装槽 22，安装槽 22上装有塑料制成的座椅 8，座椅 8上的连接螺栓 81穿过安装槽 22与连接螺母 82配合，使座椅 8 可以前后调节并固定在适当位置。座椅 8前后移动配合转向杆 72的上下调节，使本实施例可以适合不同年龄的人群使用，并解决了随着儿童年龄增长需不断换车的问题。此外，车架后端可以设置货架，前端可以安装童椅，既充分利用了空间，又使其具有更多的功能。 As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 26, a mounting groove 22 is provided at the rear of the upper frame 1. A plastic seat 8 is mounted on the mounting groove 22. The connecting bolt 81 on the seat 8 passes through the mounting groove 22 and cooperates with the connecting nut 82. , So that the seat 8 can be adjusted forward and backward and fixed in place. The forward and backward movement of the seat 8 and the up and down adjustment of the steering rod 72 make this embodiment suitable for use by people of different ages, and solves the problem of constantly changing cars as children age. In addition, the rear end of the frame can be provided with a shelf, and the front end can be installed with a child chair, which not only makes full use of the space, but also has more functions.

如图 26所示，以上述车架制成的整车配合采用前轮 16〃、后轮 20 " 的小轮径车轮，使全车体积可以缩小至长 166 cm X宽 50 cm X高 96 cm , 整车约重 12-16 kg，其体积和重量与普通 24〃自行车相当。这种小巧轻便、乘坐安全舒适的微型四轮自行车完全可以替代两轮自行车在城乡普遍推广。 As shown in Figure 26, the entire vehicle made of the above frame is equipped with small wheel diameter wheels with 16〃 front and 20 "rear wheels, which can reduce the overall vehicle volume to 166 cm in length X 50 cm in width X 96 cm in height , The whole vehicle weighs about 12-16 kg, and its volume and weight are equivalent to ordinary 24 普通 bicycles. This compact, lightweight, safe and comfortable miniature four-wheeled bicycle can completely replace the two-wheeled bicycle and is widely popular in urban and rural areas.

优选实施例二：本实施例为上、下架采用双圆管截面的车架制成的微型四轮自行车。如图 2所示：该车架包括上架 1和下架 2，上架 1和下架 2由左右两条平行并列、通过横管水平连接、截面为方形的金属管材制成，车架前、后两端择一地设有主销定位连接装置 3和驱动轴安装装置 4，上架 1和下架 2的前部倾斜地装有转向杆定位管 7。上架 1前端向下弯曲成圆弧与下架 2前端相接，然后继续向下、向后、向上延伸形成倒梯形的前底端与下架 2相接，上架 1后端向下弯折与下架 2固接，上、下架宽度相等且两侧上下对齐、并在同一个纵向平面内。上、下架之间装有 2条连接架 5，下架 2中部装有中轴套管安装架 6。本例的主销定位连接装置 3 与上例同，其驱动轴安装装置 4采用摆臂式且安装在车架后端。该装置包括左、右导向摆臂 41、 4 、摆臂定位轴 42、左、右后减震器 43、 43 '、驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44，和后减震器轴 45。左、右导向摆臂 41、 4 后端装有驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44' 且分别与左、右后减震器 43、 43 ' 下端铰接，前端与固装于下架 2的摆臂定位轴 42铰接，后减震器 43、 43 ' 上端与固接于上架 1后端的后减震器轴 45铰接。本例的驱动装置、转向装置、刹车装置及座椅等部件的组成及安装方法与上例同（刹车装置中的抱闸盒可直接安装在左、右导向摆臂 41、 4Γ 后端）。本例的优点是结构牢固、强度高，适于组装行驶速度较高的微型四轮电动车和微型四轮机动车，两条水平并列的方管构成安装平面，该安装平面和实施例一的车架上的平面一样可以方便地成为全车的安装平台。 Preferred embodiment two: This embodiment is a miniature four-wheeled bicycle made of a frame with a double circular tube section for the upper and lower frames. As shown in Figure 2: The frame includes an upper frame 1 and a lower frame 2. The upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 are made of metal pipes that are parallel to each other and horizontally connected by a horizontal pipe and have a square cross section. A main pin positioning connection device 3 and a drive shaft mounting device 4 are alternately provided at both ends, and the front portion of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 is provided with a steering rod positioning tube 7 obliquely. The front end of the upper shelf 1 is bent downward to form an arc to connect with the front end of the lower shelf 2, and then continues to extend downward, backward, and upward to form an inverted trapezoidal front bottom end that is connected to the lower shelf 2. The rear end of the upper shelf 1 is bent down to The lower rack 2 is fixedly connected, and the upper and lower racks are equal in width and aligned on both sides, and are in the same longitudinal plane. Two connecting frames 5 are installed between the upper and lower frames, and a bottom bracket mounting frame 6 is installed in the middle of the lower frame 2. The main pin positioning and connecting device 3 of this example is the same as the above example, and its drive shaft mounting device 4 is of a swing arm type and is installed at the rear end of the frame. The device includes left and right The guide swing arms 41, 4, the swing arm positioning shaft 42, the left and right rear shock absorbers 43, 43 ', the drive shaft self-aligning bearings 44, 44 and the rear shock absorber shaft 45. The left and right guide swing arms 41, 4 are equipped with drive shaft self-aligning bearings 44, 44 'at the rear end and are hinged to the lower ends of the left and right rear shock absorbers 43, 43', respectively. The front end and the swing arm fixed to the lower frame 2 The positioning shaft 42 is hinged, and the upper ends of the rear shock absorbers 43 and 43 ′ are hinged to the rear shock absorber shaft 45 fixed to the rear end of the upper frame 1. The composition and installation method of the drive, steering, brake, and seat components of this example are the same as the previous example (the brake box in the brake can be directly installed at the rear end of the left and right guide swing arms 41, 4Γ). The advantage of this example is that the structure is firm and strong, and it is suitable for assembling a miniature four-wheeled electric vehicle and a miniature four-wheeled motor vehicle with a high running speed. Two horizontally parallel square pipes constitute a mounting plane. The mounting plane is the same as the vehicle of the first embodiment. The plane on the rack can be easily used as the installation platform of the whole car.

优选实施例三：本实施例为采用塑料车架制成的微型四轮自行车。如图 3、图 4所示：塑料车架包括上架 1和下架 2、上、下架之间的连接架 5、设于上架 1和下架 2前部且向后倾斜的转向杆定位管 7、设于下架 2中前部的中轴套管安装孔 24 和刹车轴安装孔 25、设于下架 2前部的定位横杆安装孔 23、 23 '、设于上架 1后上端的后减震器轴安装孔 27、设于下架 2中后部的摆臂或导向板定位轴安装孔 26和设于下架 2后端的横向连接管安装孔 28、 28 '。上架 1 的宽度为 80 mm , 其横截面为一字形，为方便上、下车，其中间段采用下凹的圆弧段（在其他实施例中，中间段也可采取直线段），前后两端为下弯的圆弧段，下架 2为两条上下并列、水平设置、沿纵向延伸、宽度同样为 80 醒的长方形平板及 8条垂直设置的中介平板连接而成的框架结构。上架 1和下架 2通过 5块纵向或横向的连接架 5相接，并与上述各安装孔及事先预制的转向杆定位管 7—起整体注塑成型。（本例上架 1、下架 2 的宽度相等，在其他实施例中，上架 1中间段与下架 2的宽度差在 0— 30 cm之间选择，从而形成上窄下宽的梯形结构。 Preferred embodiment three: This embodiment is a miniature four-wheel bicycle made of a plastic frame. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the plastic frame includes upper frame 1 and lower frame 2, a connecting frame 5 between the upper frame and the lower frame, and a steering rod positioning tube which is provided at the front of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 and tilts backwards. 7. Bottom bracket casing mounting holes 24 and brake shaft mounting holes 25 provided in the front part of the lower frame 2, positioning crossbar mounting holes 23, 23 'provided in the front part of the lower frame 2, and The rear shock absorber shaft mounting hole 27, the swing arm or guide plate positioning shaft mounting hole 26 provided in the rear part of the lower frame 2 and the transverse connection pipe mounting holes 28, 28 'provided at the rear end of the lower frame 2. The width of the upper shelf 1 is 80 mm, and its cross section is in the shape of a zigzag. For the convenience of getting on and off, the middle section adopts a concave arc section (in other embodiments, the middle section can also take a straight section). The end is a downward curved arc segment, and the lower shelf 2 is a frame structure formed by connecting two rectangular plates that are arranged side by side, horizontally extending, extending in the longitudinal direction, and also having a width of 80 mm and 8 vertical intermediate plates. The upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 are connected through five longitudinal or horizontal connecting frames 5 and are integrally injection-molded together with the above-mentioned mounting holes and the prefabricated steering rod positioning tube 7. (In this example, the width of the upper shelf 1 and the lower shelf 2 are the same. In other embodiments, the width difference between the middle section of the upper shelf 1 and the lower shelf 2 is selected between 0-30 cm, so as to form a trapezoidal structure with a narrow upper width.

在本实施例中，转向杆定位管 7可预制，其两端预留定位管轴承 71、 7Γ 的安装位置，中轴套管安装孔 24可采用中轴套管与上下架整体注塑而成，以方便安装自行车中轴 61。如同实施例一所述，为保证主销的准确定位，上、下定位横杆安装孔 23、 23 ' 的同侧圆心连线上端应向后倾斜 4.5 ° ，以形成合适的主销后倾角。安装孔 23、 23 ' 可以是圆形或矩形，分别对应安装双横杆式或双钢板式主销定位连接装置 3，本实施例采用圆形孔。前后横向连接管安装孔 28、 28 ' 可以是圆形或方形，分别对应安装横向连接管中的圆管或方管，本例釆用圆形孔。两孔之间的中心距离应大于 90 mm，以便在装上横向连接管 441、 441，以后，使飞轮的运转不受干涉，该安装孔可设上下两排，以方便消费者根据需要安装不同轮径的后轮，或将横向连接管 441、 44Γ 水平、上下或斜向安装；为增加安装强度，各安装孔可直接由金属或碳素纤维管制成并与上、下架、连接支架 5、转向杆定位管 7等一起注塑成型。 In this embodiment, the steering rod positioning pipe 7 can be prefabricated, and the installation positions of the positioning pipe bearings 71 and 7Γ are reserved at both ends. The bottom bracket casing mounting hole 24 can be integrally injection molded with the bottom bracket casing and the upper and lower frames. To facilitate the installation of the bicycle bottom bracket 61. As described in the first embodiment, in order to ensure the accurate positioning of the king pin, the upper ends of the concentric circles on the same side of the upper and lower positioning crossbar mounting holes 23, 23 'should be tilted backwards by 4.5 ° to form an appropriate king pin backward angle. The mounting holes 23 and 23 ′ may be circular or rectangular, and are respectively corresponding to the installation of the double cross bar type or the double steel plate type main pin positioning connection device 3. This embodiment uses a circular hole. The front and rear transverse connection pipe installation holes 28 and 28 ′ may be circular or square, respectively corresponding to the installation of a circular pipe or a square pipe in the transverse connection pipe. In this example, circular holes are used. The center distance between the two holes should be greater than 90 mm, so that after the horizontal connecting pipes 441 and 441 are installed, the operation of the flywheel will not be interfered. The mounting hole can be set up and down two rows to facilitate consumers to install different The rear wheels with wheel diameter, or the horizontal connection pipes 441, 44Γ can be installed horizontally, vertically or obliquely. To increase the installation strength, each installation hole can be directly made of metal or carbon fiber tubes and connected with the upper, lower and connecting brackets. , Steering rod positioning tube 7, etc. are injection molded together.

如图 4、图 11所示，本实施例采用双横杆式主销定位连接装置。该装置包括上、下主销定位横杆 311、 311 ' 和主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' ; 安装时将上、下主销定位横杆 311、 31Γ ***并固定在定位横杆安装孔 23、 23 ' 中，再装上主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' 即可，主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' 采用端杆关节轴承。为保证转向轮的准确定位，主销定位横杆 311、 31Γ 外侧与上、下架之间可以加装前导向钢绳 34、 34'。为减轻行驶中路面对车架的冲击，主销定位横杆可用弹簧钢制成。 As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 11, this embodiment adopts a double cross bar type master pin positioning connection device. The device includes upper, Lower king pin positioning crossbars 311, 311 'and king pin mounting bearings 33, 33'; during installation, insert upper and lower king pin positioning cross bars 311, 31Γ into and fix the positioning cross bar mounting holes 23, 23 ', and then It is sufficient to install the main pin mounting bearings 33, 33 ', and the main pin mounting bearings 33, 33' adopt end rod joint bearings. In order to ensure the accurate positioning of the steering wheels, front guide ropes 34, 34 'can be installed between the outside of the king pin positioning crossbars 311, 31Γ and the upper and lower frames. In order to reduce the impact of the road surface on the frame during driving, the kingpin positioning cross bar can be made of spring steel.

如图 4、图 23所示，本实施例采用槽形导向板 +减震器式驱动轴安装装置。该装置包括槽形导向板 491、导向板定位轴 412、后减震器 43、 43 '、后减震器轴 45、驱动轴轴承 44、 44'、横向连接管 441、 441 '、连接片 442、 442'、转向钢绳 46、 46'；槽形导向板 491后部两侧设有若干圆孔，其前端与安装在导向板定位轴安装孔 26上的导向板定位轴 412铰接；横向连接管 441、 441 ' ***并固定于槽形导向板 491 后端预设的圆孔中，装于其两端的连接片 442、 442' 上装有驱动轴滚动轴承 44、 44'，后减震器 43、 43 ' 上、下端分别与安装在后减震器轴安装孔 27上的后减震器轴 45和连接管 441的两侧铰接，连接管 441和导向板定位轴 412两侧可以加装转向钢绳 46、 46'。 As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 23, this embodiment uses a slot-shaped guide plate + a shock absorber-type drive shaft mounting device. The device includes a grooved guide plate 491, a guide plate positioning shaft 412, rear shock absorbers 43, 43 ', rear shock absorber shafts 45, drive shaft bearings 44, 44', transverse connecting pipes 441, 441 ', and connecting pieces 442. 442 ', steering steel ropes 46, 46'; a number of round holes are provided on both sides of the rear of the grooved guide plate 491, and the front end is hinged with the guide plate positioning shaft 412 installed on the guide plate positioning shaft installation hole 26; lateral connection The tubes 441, 441 'are inserted into and fixed to a preset circular hole at the rear end of the grooved guide plate 491, and the connecting pieces 442, 442' mounted at both ends are equipped with drive shaft rolling bearings 44, 44 ', and rear shock absorbers 43, 43 ′ The upper and lower ends are hinged to the two sides of the rear shock absorber shaft 45 and the connecting pipe 441 installed on the rear shock absorber shaft mounting hole 27, and the connecting pipe 441 and the guide plate positioning shaft 412 can be equipped with steering steel on both sides. Rope 46, 46 '.

采用塑料车架组装的微型四轮自行车，其余各部件的安装参见实施例一所述。除了上述优选实施例以外，本发明各主要组成部份包括车架、驱动装置、转向装置、刹车装置等还有多种技术方案。这些不同技术方案的变化和组合可以组成更多的实施方式。 For a miniature four-wheel bicycle assembled with a plastic frame, the installation of other components is described in the first embodiment. In addition to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, the main components of the present invention include various technical solutions including a frame, a driving device, a steering device, a braking device, and the like. Variations and combinations of these different technical solutions can form more implementation modes.

一、车架 First, the frame

车架是微型四轮车的主体结构和骨架，一个完整意义上的车架，不仅是全车的承载主体，还应该成为全车各主要部件的装备基体和安装平台。车架是本发明的主要发明点。除优选实施例以外，车架各部分还有其他技术方案。 The frame is the main structure and skeleton of the mini four-wheeled vehicle. A complete frame is not only the main body of the entire vehicle, but also the equipment base and installation platform for the main components of the entire vehicle. The frame is the main invention of the present invention. In addition to the preferred embodiment, there are other technical solutions for each part of the frame.

(一）上架 1与下架 2 (1) Shelves 1 and 2

1、截面：上、下架不仅可以采取如实施例一所述的一字形及槽形截面（参图 1、图 16—图 22)，还可以釆取 T形截面及空心矩形截面，管式截面车架既可以采用实施例二所述的双方管，也可以采用双圆管。不管采取何种结构或何种截面，其上表面或下表面中至少有一面应为平面或构成安装平面，以便安装各种零部件，一字形截面两侧可以加设加强条，或用两条并列的圆管加固。 1. Section: The upper and lower shelves can not only adopt the straight and grooved sections as described in the first embodiment (see Fig. 1, Fig. 16-Fig. 22), but also can take T-shaped sections and hollow rectangular sections. The cross-section frame can use both the double-sided pipe and the double-round pipe described in the second embodiment. No matter what kind of structure or cross section is adopted, at least one of the upper surface or the lower surface should be flat or constitute a mounting plane to install various parts. Two sides of the cross section can be provided with reinforcing bars, or two Side-by-side round pipe reinforcement.

2、连接方式与形状：上架 1与下架 2两端都可以弯曲成圆弧或直线与对方固接，但作为主梁的下架 2多取直线形，故一般采用上架 1前、后端向下弯曲成圆弧或直线与下架 2固接的形式。上、下架前、后端相接可以采取封闭式（如图 1、图 5 )，也可以采取 T形相交式（如图 6、图 9 )。除实施例一以外，上、下架的连接还可以采取如图 6—图 9所示的前直线后圆弧式、前后圆弧式、梯形式等，图 5—图 8所示车架的前底端必须加设 U形固定架，以便安装主销定位连接装置 3。为增加车架强度，两架之间可以安装 1一 5条连接架或连接杆 5，连接架 5可采用直板、倒 U字形、倒 V字形板，也可以采用中间开孔的纵板或圆管（图 5—图 9)。 2. Connection method and shape: Both ends of the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 can be bent into an arc or a straight line to be fixed to each other, but the lower frame 2 as the main beam is mostly straight, so the front and rear ends of the shelf 1 are generally used. It is bent downward into an arc or a straight line to be fixedly connected to the lower frame 2. The front and rear ends of the upper and lower shelves may be connected in a closed manner (as shown in Figs. 1 and 5), or a T-shaped intersection (as shown in Figs. 6 and 9). In addition to the first embodiment, the connection between the upper and lower frames can also adopt the front straight rear arc type, front and rear arc type, ladder form, etc. as shown in Figs. 6-9. Fig. 5-8 A U-shaped fixing frame must be added at the front bottom end in order to install the master pin positioning connection device 3. In order to increase the strength of the frame, one to five connecting frames or connecting rods 5 can be installed between the two frames. The connecting frame 5 can be a straight bar, An inverted U-shaped or inverted V-shaped plate can also be a vertical plate or a circular tube with a middle opening (Figure 5-9).

3、材料：上架 1与下架 2可用碳素钢、铝合金、碳素纤维或高强度塑料制成。金属板材车架的厚度约 3— 5毫米，宽度为 40— 120毫米，其优点是具有高强度、高刚度、成本低，但稍重。碳素纤维车架重量轻、高强度、高刚度，且有一定的弹性，但成本较高，适合开发高档车。塑料车架重量轻、可一次成型，但强度和刚度较差，适合制作低速童车，如制作成人用车，需增加厚度和宽度，并在主要受力点用金属零件加固。 3. Materials: Upper shelf 1 and lower shelf 2 can be made of carbon steel, aluminum alloy, carbon fiber or high-strength plastic. The sheet metal frame has a thickness of about 3-5 mm and a width of 40-120 mm. Its advantages are high strength, high rigidity, and low cost, but it is slightly heavier. The carbon fiber frame is light weight, high strength, high rigidity, and has a certain elasticity, but the cost is higher, which is suitable for the development of high-end vehicles. The plastic frame is light and can be molded at one time, but its strength and rigidity are poor. It is suitable for making low-speed baby carriages. For example, for adult cars, it is necessary to increase the thickness and width, and reinforce them with metal parts at the main stress points.

(二）主销定位连接装置 3 , (Two) the kingpin positioning connection device 3,

除了优选实施例所述的双钢板式、双横杆式以外，还可以采取下列几种主销定位连接装置 - In addition to the double steel plate type and double cross bar type described in the preferred embodiment, the following types of king pin positioning connection devices can also be adopted-

1、减震器式。如图 12所示，该装置包括左、右前减震器 331、 33Γ、前减震器轴 332、主销定位钢板 32' 及主销安装轴承 33、 33 '。前减震器轴 332和两端装有主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' 的主销定位钢板 32' 平行且分别横向固接于上架 1的前上端和前底端，左、右前减震器 331、 33Γ 上、下端分别与前减震器轴 332和主销定位钢板 32' 同侧相铰接。本例的减震器内轴可作为主销 35、 35' 直接安装左、右主销连接块 36、 36'。 1. Shock absorber type. As shown in FIG. 12, the device includes left and right front shock absorbers 331, 33Γ, a front shock absorber shaft 332, a king pin positioning steel plate 32 ', and a king pin mounting bearing 33, 33'. The front shock absorber shaft 332 and the king pin positioning steel plates 32 'provided with king pin mounting bearings 33, 33' at both ends are parallel and laterally fixed to the front upper and front bottom ends of the upper frame 1, respectively, and the left and right front shock absorbers 331 The upper and lower ends of, 33Γ are hinged to the same side of the front shock absorber shaft 332 and the king pin positioning steel plate 32 ', respectively. The inner shaft of the shock absorber in this example can be used as the king pin 35, 35 'to directly install the left and right king pin connecting blocks 36, 36'.

2、 Α形主销导向板 +减震器式。如图 13所示，该装置包括上、下 A形主销导向板 341、 341 \ 前减震器 331、 331 '、前减震器轴 332和主销安装轴承 33、 33 '。上、下 A形主销导向板 341、 341 ' 的顶端装有主销安装轴承 33、 33 '，另一端分别与下架 2和上架 1 的前底端对称铰接，左、右前减震器 331、 33Γ 上、下端分别与固装于上架 1前端的前减震器轴 332和 A形主销导向板 341外侧铰接。 A形主销导向板 341、 34 可用金属或碳素纤维制成。 2. A-shaped king pin guide plate + shock absorber type. As shown in FIG. 13, the device includes upper and lower A-shaped king pin guide plates 341 and 341 \ front shock absorbers 331 and 331 ′, front shock absorber shafts 332 and king pin mounting bearings 33 and 33 ′. The tops of the upper and lower A-shaped king pin guide plates 341, 341 'are equipped with king pin mounting bearings 33, 33', and the other ends are symmetrically hinged to the front bottom ends of the lower frame 2 and the upper frame 1, respectively, and the left and right front shock absorbers 331 The upper and lower ends of, 33Γ are hinged to the outer side of the front shock absorber shaft 332 and the A-shaped king pin guide plate 341 fixed to the front end of the upper frame 1, respectively. A-shaped king pin guide plates 341, 34 can be made of metal or carbon fiber.

3、双钢板 +减震器式。如图 14所示，该装置包括主销定位钢板 32、 32'、主销安装轴承 33、 33，、前减震器 331、 33 Γ 和前减震器轴 332。主销安装轴承 33、 33，装于上、下两块主销定位钢板 32、 32 ' 两端，主销定位钢板 32、 32 ' 平行且分别横向固接于下架 2和上架 1前底端，左、右前减震器 331、 33 上、下端分别与固装于上架 1前端的前减震器轴 332和主销定位钢板 32外侧铰接。 3. Double steel plate + shock absorber. As shown in FIG. 14, the device includes king pin positioning steel plates 32, 32 ', king pin mounting bearings 33, 33, front shock absorbers 331, 33 Γ, and front shock absorber shafts 332. The main pin mounting bearings 33 and 33 are installed on both ends of the upper and lower main pin positioning steel plates 32 and 32 ′, and the main pin positioning steel plates 32 and 32 ′ are parallel and laterally fixed to the front bottom end of the lower frame 2 and the upper frame 1 respectively. The upper and lower ends of the left and right front shock absorbers 331, 33 are hinged to the outside of the front shock absorber shaft 332 and the main pin positioning steel plate 32 fixed to the front end of the upper frame 1, respectively.

在上述三种实施方式中，由于行驶中主销的相对位置经常发生变化，所以主销安装轴承 33、 33 ' 应采用关节轴承。同时为保证转向轮在行驶中的准确定位，前减震器轴 332及上、下主销定位钢板 32、 32，的外侧和上、下架之间可以对称加装左、右前导向钢绳 34、 34' (图 1、图 12、图 14)。主销定位连接装置 3的安装必须满足这样的要求：主销安装轴承 33， 33 ' 同侧上、下轴心连线上端必须分别向车身后侧和内侧倾斜 2° — 8° ，左、右转向节 37、37 '外侧向下倾斜 0.5 ° — 1.5 ° ，以形成合适的主销后倾角、主销内倾角和前轮外倾角。 In the above three embodiments, since the relative position of the king pin frequently changes during driving, the king pin mounting bearings 33 and 33 ′ should adopt articulated bearings. At the same time, in order to ensure the accurate positioning of the steering wheel during driving, the front and rear shock absorber shafts 332 and the upper and lower king pin positioning steel plates 32 and 32 can be symmetrically installed with left and right front guide wire ropes 34 , 34 '(Figure 1, Figure 12, Figure 14). The installation of the kingpin positioning connection device 3 must meet the following requirements: The kingpin mounting bearings 33, 33 'must be inclined at the upper end of the same side upper and lower shaft center lines by 2 °-8 ° to the rear and inner sides of the vehicle body, left and right Steering knuckles 37, 37 'are tilted down 0.5 ° — 1.5 ° from the outside to form suitable kingpin camber, kingpin camber and front wheel camber.

(三）驱动轴安装装置 4 优选实施例分别采用了导向板 +减震器式、摆臂式和槽形导向板 +减震器式驱动轴安装装置，此外还可以采用下述几种方式安装驱动轴 47: (Three) drive shaft mounting device 4 The preferred embodiment adopts a guide plate + shock absorber type, a swing arm type and a grooved guide plate + shock absorber type drive shaft mounting device, in addition, the drive shaft 47 can also be installed in the following ways:

1、导向钢板式。如图 16所示，该装置包括左、右导向钢板 411、 41 Γ、左、右后减震器 43、 43 '、驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44'、导向板定位轴 412及后减震器轴 45；左、右导向钢板 411、 411，后端装有驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44，且分别与后减震器 43、 43 ' 下端铰接，另一端与固装于下架 2的导向板定位轴 412铰接，后减震器 43、 43 '上端与固接于上架 1后上端的后减震器轴 45铰接。 1. Guide plate type. As shown in FIG. 16, the device includes left and right guide steel plates 411, 41 Γ, left and right rear shock absorbers 43, 43 ', drive shaft self-aligning bearings 44, 44', guide plate positioning shafts 412, and rear shock absorbers. Shaft shaft 45; Left and right guide steel plates 411, 411, drive shaft self-aligning bearings 44, 44 are mounted at the rear end, and are hinged to the lower end of the rear shock absorber 43, 43 ', respectively, and the other end is fixed to the lower frame 2 The guide plate positioning shaft 412 is hinged, and the upper ends of the rear shock absorbers 43, 43 ′ are hinged to the rear shock absorber shaft 45 fixed to the rear upper end of the upper frame 1.

2、调节杆式。如图 17所示，该装置包括左、右导向钢板 411、 411 '、导向板定位轴 412、负荷调节杆 433、调节螺栓 434、调节螺母 435及驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44；左、右导向钢板 411、 411，前端与固接于下架 2的导向板定位轴 412相接，后端装有驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44'，位于下架 2下方的负荷调节杆 433两端搭在左、右导向钢板 411、 41Γ 上侧，负荷调节杆 433上的调节螺栓 434穿过下架 2的滑槽 21与调节螺母 435配合。本例的导向钢板兼具导向和弹性悬架双重功能，负荷可因人调节，配合座椅和方向盘的调节，适合儿童在不同成长期使用。 2. Adjusting lever type. As shown in FIG. 17, the device includes left and right guide steel plates 411, 411 ', a guide plate positioning shaft 412, a load adjustment lever 433, an adjustment bolt 434, an adjustment nut 435, and a drive shaft self-aligning bearing 44, 44; left and right The guide steel plates 411 and 411 are connected at the front end with the guide plate positioning shaft 412 fixed to the lower frame 2. The rear end is equipped with drive shaft self-aligning bearings 44, 44 '. The load adjustment lever 433 located under the lower frame 2 is connected at both ends. On the upper sides of the left and right guide steel plates 411 and 41Γ, the adjustment bolt 434 on the load adjustment lever 433 passes through the chute 21 of the lower frame 2 and cooperates with the adjustment nut 435. The guide steel plate of this example has both the functions of guidance and elastic suspension, and the load can be adjusted by people. It is suitable for children to use in different growth stages in cooperation with the adjustment of the seat and the steering wheel.

3、横向连接管式。如图 18所示，该装置包括两根并列的横向连接管 441、 441 '、连接片 442、 442 ' 及驱动轴滚动轴承 44、 44' ; 横向连接管 441、 441 '分别水平横向固装于下架 2且两端与连接片 442、 442' 固接，连接片 442、 442' 上装有驱动轴滚动轴承 44、 44'。此外，如图 19所示，两根横向连接管还可以分别上下安装于上架 1和下架 2而形成另一种实施方式。本例中的横向连接管可用弹簧钢制成的连接杆代替。 3. Horizontal connection pipe type. As shown in FIG. 18, the device includes two parallel horizontal connecting pipes 441, 441 ', connecting pieces 442, 442', and drive shaft rolling bearings 44, 44 '; the horizontal connecting pipes 441, 441' are horizontally and horizontally fixed to the bottom, respectively. The two ends of the frame 2 are fixedly connected to the connecting pieces 442 and 442 '. The connecting pieces 442 and 442' are provided with drive shaft rolling bearings 44, 44 '. In addition, as shown in FIG. 19, the two horizontal connecting pipes can also be installed on the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 respectively to form another embodiment. The lateral connecting pipe in this example can be replaced by a connecting rod made of spring steel.

4、 U字形叉式。如图 20所示，该装置包括 U字型立叉 451、 U字型平叉 452、连接片 442、 442' 及驱动轴滚动轴承 44、 44'； U字型立叉 451与 U字型平叉 452 开口端分别与连接片 442、 442' 固接，另一端分别与上架 1及下架 2固接，连接片 442、 442' 装有驱动轴滚动轴承 44、 44'。 4, U-shaped fork. As shown in FIG. 20, the device includes a U-shaped vertical fork 451, a U-shaped flat fork 452, connecting pieces 442, 442 ', and drive shaft rolling bearings 44, 44'; the U-shaped vertical fork 451 and the U-shaped flat fork 452 open ends are fixedly connected to connecting pieces 442, 442 ', and the other ends are fixedly connected to upper frame 1 and lower frame 2, respectively. Connecting pieces 442, 442' are equipped with drive shaft rolling bearings 44, 44 '.

5、导向板 +负荷调节滑架式。如图 22所示，该装置包括后导向板 461、负荷调节滑架 472、滑架调节螺丝 473、前、后横向连接管 441、 441 \ 左、右连接片 442、 442，及驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44'；后导向板 461前端与下架 2固接，后端与两条并列的横向连接管 441、 44 的中部固接，前、后横向连接管 441、 441 ' 两端与装有驱动轴调心轴承 44、 44' 的左、右连接片 442、 442' 固接，安装于后导向板 461中部的负荷调节滑架 472可顺着下架 2和后导向板 461前后滑动，并通过滑架调节螺丝 473将滑架 472固定在下架 2的适当位置上，固定的位置因载荷而定。后导向板 461既可以釆取本例所示的直板式，也可以采取如实施例一所述的一端带套管式（见图 21 )，还可以釆取如图 24、图 25所示的一端半卷式。后导向板 461 可用钢板、碳素纤维或强化塑料制成，但本例由于不装减震器，所以必须用钢板制成。驱动轴安装装置 4中横向连接管 441、 441，的截面，既可以如图 21—图 23所示采用圆管，也可以采用方管。安装时两根横向连接管之间必须留有足够的空间用以安装飞轮、链条和变速机构。后导向板 461与横向连接管 441、 44 的连接，可以加设带圆孔的连接支架（图 24)。后导向板 461既可以安装在下架 2上侧（图 1、图 21、图 22、图 24)，也可以如图 25所示安装在下架 2下侧。 5. Guide plate + load adjustment slide type. As shown in FIG. 22, the device includes a rear guide plate 461, a load adjustment carriage 472, a carriage adjustment screw 473, front and rear transverse connecting pipes 441, 441, left and right connecting pieces 442, 442, and a drive shaft centering The bearings 44, 44 '; the front end of the rear guide plate 461 is fixedly connected to the lower frame 2, the rear end is fixedly connected to the middle of two parallel horizontal connecting pipes 441, 44, and the front and rear horizontal connecting pipes 441, 441' The left and right connecting pieces 442, 442 'of the drive shaft self-aligning bearings 44, 44' are fixedly connected, and the load adjustment carriage 472 installed in the middle of the rear guide plate 461 can slide forward and backward along the lower frame 2 and the rear guide plate 461. The carriage 472 is fixed at a proper position of the lower frame 2 by a carriage adjusting screw 473, and the fixed position is determined by the load. The rear guide plate 461 can be either a straight type as shown in this example, or a sleeve type on one end as shown in the first embodiment (see FIG. 21), or can be taken as shown in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25. Half-rolled at one end. The rear guide plate 461 can be made of steel plate, carbon fiber, or reinforced plastic, but in this example, since no shock absorber is installed, it must be made of steel plate. The cross-sections of the transverse connecting pipes 441, 441, in the drive shaft mounting device 4 may be round pipes or square pipes as shown in Figs. 21-23. When installing, there must be enough space between the two transverse connecting pipes to install the flywheel, chain and transmission mechanism. For the connection between the rear guide plate 461 and the lateral connection pipes 441 and 44, a connection bracket with a round hole can be added (FIG. 24). The rear guide plate 461 may be installed on the upper side of the lower frame 2 (FIG. 1, FIG. 21, FIG. 22, and FIG. 24), or as shown in FIG. 25.

如优选实施例一所述，为保证后轮在运动中的准确定位，在连接管 441两侧与下架 2之间可以对称加装后导向钢绳 46、 46' 或 V形导向钢片。 As described in the first preferred embodiment, in order to ensure accurate positioning of the rear wheels in movement, rear guide steel ropes 46, 46 'or V-shaped guide steel sheets may be symmetrically installed between the two sides of the connecting pipe 441 and the lower frame 2.

本发明作简单改进，还可制成前轮驱动、后轮转向的微型四轮车。改进时只需将主销定位连接装置 3装在车架后端，驱动轴安装装置 4装在车架前端即可。改进后的微型四轮车配上小轮径车轮，长度可以进一步缩短。 The invention is simple and improved, and can also be made into a mini four-wheel vehicle with front-wheel drive and rear-wheel steering. For the improvement, only the main pin positioning connection device 3 is installed at the rear end of the frame, and the drive shaft mounting device 4 is installed at the front end of the frame. The improved mini four-wheeler can be further shortened with small-diameter wheels.

二、驱动装置 Second, the driving device

优选实施例一已概述了人力驱动装置的组成及其连接方法。脚蹬部.件 611中的链轮与飞轮之间可以加装自行车变速器，使本发明增加变速功能。除了釆用人力驱动以外，在本发明的下架 2装上电池、电机或内燃机，还可以进一步将本发明改进为微型四轮电动车、微型四轮机动车或微型四轮助动车。这些微型四轮车不但可以用于代步，还可以广泛用于健身、休闲、游乐、旅游、送货或作为残疾人车使用。 The first embodiment has outlined the composition of a human-powered driving device and a connection method thereof. A bicycle transmission can be added between the sprocket and the flywheel in the pedal part 611, so that the present invention increases the speed changing function. In addition to being driven by humans, a battery, an electric motor, or an internal combustion engine is installed in the lower frame 2 of the present invention, and the present invention can be further improved into a micro four-wheel electric vehicle, a micro four-wheel motor vehicle, or a micro four-wheel motor vehicle. These miniature four-wheelers can be used not only for mobility, but also for fitness, leisure, amusement, travel, delivery, or as a disabled vehicle.

三、转向装置， Third, the steering device,

本发明的转向装置除了釆用如优选实施例一所述的用转向盘控制转向以外，还可以象普通自行车那样采用车把控制转向，车把式转向虽不及转向盘转向美观和富有乐趣，但可以在车把上直接安装手刹闸把及为车架前部腾出部分空间安装座椅，使本发明成为双座微型四轮车而适合母子或情侣骑乘。 In addition to using the steering wheel to control the steering as described in the preferred embodiment 1, the steering device of the present invention can also use the handlebar to control steering like ordinary bicycles. The handbrake brake lever can be directly installed on the handlebar and a seat can be installed to make room for the front part of the frame, so that the present invention becomes a two-seater mini four-wheeled vehicle suitable for mother and child or couple riding.

四、刹车装置 Fourth, the brake device

本发明的刹车装置除了采用优选实施例一所述的抱闸式刹车装置以外，还可以采用涨闸式、碟刹式刹车装置，在驱动轴 47不采用弹性悬架的情况下，甚至可以采用普通闸或钳闸式刹车装置。如果釆用涨闸式、碟刹式刹车装置，只须在左、右连接片 442、 442 ' 上改装涨闸部件或碟刹部件即可。此外，也可以在转向盘或车把上装上普通自行车手刹闸把，将优选实施例一中的脚刹车改为手闸刹车。 In addition to the brake brake device described in the first preferred embodiment, the brake device of the present invention may also be an up brake or disc brake device. In the case where the drive shaft 47 does not use an elastic suspension, it may even be used. Ordinary brake or caliper brake device. If an up-brake or disc-brake device is used, it is only necessary to modify the up-brake or disc brake parts on the left and right connecting pieces 442, 442 '. In addition, an ordinary bicycle handbrake brake lever can also be installed on the steering wheel or the handlebar, and the foot brake in the preferred embodiment 1 can be replaced with a hand brake.

五、其它部件 Five, other components

其他部件包括座椅 8和货架。座椅 8除了如实施例一所述可以前后调节以外，靠背和椅座之间的角度还可以通过加设一些简单的装置进行调节，以适应不同骑乘者的需要。货架可以安装在车架前端或后端，也可以安装在车架前后两端。 Other components include seats 8 and shelves. The seat 8 can be adjusted forward and backward as described in the first embodiment, and the angle between the backrest and the seat can also be adjusted by adding some simple devices to meet the needs of different riders. Shelves can be installed at the front or rear of the frame, or at the front and rear ends of the frame.

Claims

权利要求 Rights request

1、一种微型四轮车车架，包括相互连接的上架（1)和下架（2)，其特征在于：所述的上架（1) 和下架（2) 包括各自的上表面和下表面，所述上表面和下表面中至少其一为平面或构成安装平面，所述车架前、后两端择一地设有主销定位连接装置（3) 和驱动轴安装装置（4), 其前部向后倾斜地装有转向杆定位管（7)，上、下架之间装有 1一 5条连接架或连接杆（5)。 1. A miniature four-wheeled vehicle frame comprising an upper frame (1) and a lower frame (2) connected to each other, characterized in that the upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2) include respective upper surfaces and lower frames. Surface, at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface is a plane or constitutes a mounting plane, and the front and rear ends of the frame are optionally provided with a king pin positioning connection device (3) and a drive shaft mounting device (4) The front part is provided with a steering rod positioning pipe (7) inclined backward, and one to five connecting frames or connecting rods (5) are installed between the upper and lower frames.

2、根据权利要求 1所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述的上架（1) 和下架（2) 的横截面选自一字形、 T 形、槽形、空心矩形、水平并列的双圆管形、水平并列的双方管形其中之一；所述的双圆管或双方管形上、下架是通过横管水平连接的圆管或方管制成。 2. The micro four-wheeler frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2) is selected from the group consisting of a flat shape, a T shape, a trough shape, a hollow rectangle, One of the horizontally juxtaposed double circular tube shapes and the horizontally juxtaposed two tube shapes; the double circular tube or the two tube-shaped upper and lower frames are made of circular tubes or square tubes connected horizontally by horizontal tubes.

3、根据权利要求 2所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述的上架（1) 前端向下弯曲成圆弧与下架（2) 前端相接，且依次向下、向后、向上延伸形成倒梯形的前底端再与下架（2) 相接，上架（1) 后端向下弯曲与下架（2) 固接；上、下架宽度相等且两侧上下对齐。 3. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: the front end of the upper frame (1) is bent downward to form an arc to be connected with the front end of the lower frame (2), and is turned downward and toward The front and bottom ends that extend upward to form an inverted trapezoid are then connected to the lower frame (2), and the rear end of the upper frame (1) is bent downward and fixed to the lower frame (2); the widths of the upper and lower frames are equal and both sides are aligned up and down .

4、根据权利要 3 所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述主销定位连接装置（3)包括上、下主销定位钢板（32)、（32')或上、下主销定位横杆（311)、 (311' )；主销定位钢板（32)、（32' ) 或主销定位横杆（311)、（31Γ) 相互平行且分别横向固接于下架（2) 前端和上架（1) 前底端，上、下主销定位钢板（32)、（32' ) 或上、下主销定位横杆（311)、（31Γ) 两端装有主销安装轴承（33)、（33')。 4. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, wherein the kingpin positioning connection device (3) comprises upper and lower kingpin positioning steel plates (32), (32 ') or upper and lower Main pin positioning crossbars (311), (311 '); main pin positioning steel plates (32), (32') or main pin positioning crossbars (311), (31Γ) are parallel to each other and are laterally fixed to the lower frame ( 2) Front end and upper frame (1) Front bottom, upper and lower king pin positioning steel plates (32), (32 ') or upper and lower king pin positioning crossbars (311), (31Γ). Bearings (33), (33 ').

5、根据权利要求 3 所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述主销定位连接装置（3) 包括左、右前减震器（331)、 (33 ) 和前减震器轴（332); 前减震器轴 5. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: the kingpin positioning connection device (3) includes left and right front shock absorbers (331), (33) and front shock absorber shafts (332); Front shock absorber shaft

(332) 和两端装有主销安装轴承（33)、（33' ) 的主销定位钢板（32' ) 平行且分别横向固接于上架（1) 的前上端和前底端，左、右前减震器（331)、 (33Γ) 上、下端分别与前减震器轴（332) 和主销定位钢板（32' ) 同侧相铰接。 (332) and king pin positioning steel plates (32 ') equipped with king pin mounting bearings (33), (33') at both ends are parallel and laterally fixed to the front upper end and front bottom end of the upper frame (1), left, The upper and lower ends of the right front shock absorbers (331) and (33Γ) are hinged to the same side of the front shock absorber shaft (332) and the king pin positioning steel plate (32 '), respectively.

6、根据权利要求 3所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述主销定位连接装置（3) 包括上、下 A形主销导向板（341)、（34Γ)、前减震器（331)、 (331')；上、下 Α形主销导向板（341)、（34Γ) 的顶端装有主销安装轴承（33)、（33')，另一端分别与下架（2) 和上架（1) 的前底端对称铰接，左、右前减震器（331)、 6. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: the kingpin positioning and connecting device (3) comprises upper and lower A-shaped kingpin guide plates (341), (34Γ), front minus Vibrators (331), (331 '); the top ends of the upper and lower A-shaped king pin guide plates (341), (34Γ) are equipped with king pin mounting bearings (33), (33'), and the other ends are respectively connected to the lower racks. (2) Symmetrically hinged to the front bottom end of the upper shelf (1), left and right front shock absorbers (331),

(33Γ) 上、下端分别与固装于上架（1) 前端的前减震器轴（332)和 A形主销导向板 (341) 外侧铰接。 (33Γ) The upper and lower ends are hinged to the outside of the front shock absorber shaft (332) and the A-shaped main pin guide plate (341) fixed to the front end of the upper frame (1).

7、根据权利要求 3所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述主销定位连接装置（3)包括上、下主销定位钢板（32)、（32，）和左、右前减震器（331)、 (331')；两端各装有主销安装轴承（33)、（33' ) 的主销定位钢板（32)、（32' ) 平行且分别横向固接于下架（2) 前端和上架（1) 前底端，左、右前减震器（331)、 (33Γ) 的上、下端分别与固装于上架（1)前端的前减震器轴（332)及主销定位钢板（32) 外侧铰接。 7. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: the kingpin positioning connection device (3) comprises upper and lower kingpin positioning steel plates (32), (32,) and left and right front Shock absorbers (331), (331 '); king pin positioning steel plates (32), (32') with king pin mounting bearings (33), (33 ') on both ends are parallel and laterally fixed to the bottom Frame (2) front and upper frame (1) front bottom, left and right front shock absorbers (331), (33Γ) The upper and lower ends are hinged to the outside of the front shock absorber shaft (332) and the main pin positioning steel plate (32) fixed to the front end of the upper frame (1), respectively.

8、根据权利要求 3 所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述驱动轴安装装置（4) 包括左、右导向摆臂（41)、（4Γ) 或左、右导向钢板（411)、（411，）和左、右后减震器（43)、（43，）；导向摆臂（41)、（41，）或导向钢板（411)、（41Γ) 后端装有驱动轴轴承（44)、 (44' ) 且分别与后减震器（43)、（43' ) 下端铰接，前端与固装于下架（2) 的摆臂定位轴（42) 或导向钢板定位轴（412) 铰接，后减震器（43)、 (43' ) 上端与固接于上架（1) 后上端的后减震器轴（45) 铰接。 8. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive shaft mounting device (4) comprises left and right guide swing arms (41), (4Γ) or left and right guide steel plates ( 411), (411,) and left and right rear shock absorbers (43), (43,); guide swing arms (41), (41,) or guide steel plates (411), (41Γ) are equipped with drives at the rear The shaft bearings (44) and (44 ') are hinged to the lower ends of the rear shock absorbers (43) and (43'), respectively, and the front ends are positioned with the swing arm positioning shaft (42) or the guide plate fixed to the lower frame (2). The shaft (412) is hinged, and the upper ends of the rear shock absorbers (43), (43 ') are hinged to the rear shock absorber shaft (45) fixed to the rear upper end of the upper frame (1).

9、根据权利要求 3所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述驱动轴安装装置 (4) 包括左、右导向钢板（411)、（41Γ) 和负荷调节杆（433); 导向钢板（411)、 (41Γ) 前端与固接于下架（2) 的导向钢板定位轴（412) 固接，后端装有驱动轴轴承（44)、（44')，位于下架（2)下方的负荷调节杆（433)两端搭在导向钢板（411)、 (41Γ) 上侧，负荷调节杆（433) 上的调节螺栓（434) 穿过下架（2) 的滑槽（21) 与调节螺母（435) 相配合。 9. The micro four-wheeler frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: the drive shaft mounting device (4) includes left and right guide steel plates (411), (41Γ) and a load adjustment lever (433); The front ends of the guide steel plates (411) and (41Γ) are fixedly connected to the guide steel plate positioning shaft (412) fixed to the lower frame (2), and drive shaft bearings (44) and (44 ') are installed at the rear end. 2) Both ends of the lower load adjustment lever (433) are overlaid on the upper side of the guide steel plates (411) and (41Γ), and the adjustment bolts (434) on the load adjustment lever (433) pass through the chute of the lower frame (2) ( 21) Fit with adjusting nut (435).

10、根据权利要求 3所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述驱动轴安装装置（4) 包括两根并列的横向连接管（441)、 (441' )；横向连接管（441)、 (44Γ) 水平或上下固装于下架（2) 或上、下架之间且两端与连接片（442)、（442' ) 固接，连接片（442)、 (442，）上装有驱动轴轴承（44)、 (44，）。 10. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, wherein: the drive shaft mounting device (4) comprises two parallel connecting pipes (441), (441 ') in parallel; 441), (44Γ) are horizontally or vertically fixed to the lower frame (2) or between the upper and lower frames, and the two ends are fixedly connected to the connecting pieces (442), (442 '), and the connecting pieces (442), (442, ) Are equipped with drive shaft bearings (44), (44,).

11、根据权利要求 3所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述驱动轴安装装置（4) 包括 U字型立叉（451)、 U字型平叉（452)、连接片（442)、（442' ) 及驱动轴轴承（44)、（44，）； U字型立叉（451) 与 U字型平叉（452) 开口端分别与连接片（442)、（442')固接，另一端分别与上架（1)及下架（2)固接，连接片（442)、 11. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, wherein the drive shaft mounting device (4) comprises a U-shaped vertical fork (451), a U-shaped flat fork (452), and a connecting piece. (442), (442 ') and drive shaft bearings (44), (44,); U-shaped vertical fork (451) and U-shaped flat fork (452) The open ends are respectively connected to the connecting pieces (442), (442 ') Fixed connection, the other end is fixedly connected to the upper rack (1) and the lower rack (2) respectively, the connecting piece (442),

(442' ) 装有驱动轴轴承（44)、（44' )。 (442 ') Drive shaft bearings (44), (44') are installed.

12、根据权利要求 3所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述驱动轴安装装置（4) 包括前端带套管或卷耳的后导向板（461)、导向板固定架（462) 和导向板定位轴 (412); 后导向板（461) 带套管或卷耳的前端通过导向板固定架（462) 和导向板定位轴（412) 与下架（2) 铰接，后端与并列的连接管（441)、（44Γ) 的中部固接，连接管（441)、（44 ) 两端与装有驱动轴轴承（44)、 (44' ) 的左、右连接片（442)、（442，）固接，左、右后减震器（43)、（43' ) 上、下端分别与后减震器上、下轴（45)、（45' ) 的同侧端铰接，而后减震器上、下轴（45)、（45' ) 分别固定在上架（1) 及后导向板（461) 的后上侧。 12. The micro four-wheeler frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: the drive shaft mounting device (4) comprises a rear guide plate (461) with a sleeve or a roll ear at the front end, and a guide plate fixing frame ( 462) and guide plate positioning shaft (412); rear guide plate (461) The front end with the sleeve or roll ear is hinged to the lower frame (2) through the guide plate fixing frame (462) and the guide plate positioning shaft (412). The ends are connected to the middle of the parallel connecting pipes (441) and (44Γ), and the two ends of the connecting pipes (441) and (44) are connected to the left and right connecting pieces (44) and (44 ') of the drive shaft bearings ( 442), (442,) fixed, the upper and lower ends of the left and right rear shock absorbers (43), (43 ') and the same side ends of the upper and lower shafts (45), (45') of the rear shock absorber, respectively The upper and lower shafts (45) and (45 ') of the rear shock absorber are hingedly fixed to the upper rear side of the upper frame (1) and the rear guide plate (461), respectively.

13、根据权利要求 3所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述驱动轴安装装置（4) 包括后导向板（461)、负荷调节滑架（472)、滑架调节螺丝（473); 后导向板（461) 前端与下架（2) 固接，后端与并列的连接管（441)、 (44 ) 中部固接，连接管（441)、 (44Γ)两端与装有驱动轴轴承（44)、 (44' )的左、右连接片（442)、 (442') 固接，后导向板（461) 中部安装有可顺着下架（2) 和后导向板（461) 前后滑动的负荷调节滑架（472), 滑架调节螺丝（473)将滑架（472) 固定在下架（2) 的适当位置上。 13. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, wherein the drive shaft mounting device (4) comprises a rear guide plate (461), a load adjustment carriage (472), and a carriage adjustment screw ( 473); Rear guide plate (461) The front end is fixedly connected to the lower frame (2), the rear end is fixed to the parallel connecting pipes (441), (44) in the middle, and the two ends of the connecting pipes (441), (44Γ) are fixed to Left and right connecting pieces (442) with drive shaft bearings (44), (44 '), (442 ') is fixed, a load adjustment carriage (472), and a carriage adjustment screw (473) are installed in the middle of the rear guide plate (461) and can slide forward and backward along the lower frame (2) and the rear guide plate (461). The carriage (472) is fixed in place on the lower frame (2).

14、根据权利要求 3 所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述驱动轴安装装置（4)包括槽形导向板（491)、导向板定位轴（412)和后减震器（43)、 (43')；槽形导向板（491) 前端与固装于下架（2) 的导向板定位轴（412) 铰接；横向连接管（441)、（44 ) ***并固定于槽形导向板（491) 后端预设的圆孔中，装于其两端的连接片（442)、（442' )上装有驱动轴轴承（44)、（44' ); 后减震器（43)、 14. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 3, wherein the drive shaft mounting device (4) comprises a groove-shaped guide plate (491), a guide plate positioning shaft (412), and a rear shock absorber. (43), (43 '); The front end of the trough-shaped guide plate (491) is hinged with the guide plate positioning shaft (412) fixed to the lower frame (2); the transverse connection pipes (441), (44) are inserted and fixed on Drive shaft bearings (44) and (44 ') are attached to the connecting pieces (442) and (442') mounted on both ends of the circular holes preset at the rear end of the groove-shaped guide plate (491); the rear shock absorber ( 43),

(43' ) 上、下端分别与固装于上架（1) 的后减震器轴（45) 及连接管（441) 的两侧铰接。 (43 ') The upper and lower ends are hinged to the two sides of the rear shock absorber shaft (45) and the connecting pipe (441) fixed to the upper frame (1), respectively.

15、根据权利要求 1所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征在于：所述的上架（1) 的横截面为一字形，其中间段为直线段或下凹的圆弧段，上架（1) 的前后两端为向下弯曲的圆弧段，所述的下架（2) 为两条上下并列、水平设置的平板，其间设有 4〜 8条中介平面将之连接成为框架结构；所述的下架（2) 前部设有定位横杆或定位钢板安装孔（23)、 (23，），下架（2) 中部设有中轴套管安装孔（24) 和刹车轴安装孔 15. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the upper frame (1) is a zigzag shape, wherein the middle section is a straight section or a concave circular arc section, and the upper frame (1 1) The front and back ends are circular arc segments curved downward, and the underframe (2) is two horizontal plates arranged side by side up and down, with 4 to 8 intermediary planes connecting them to form a frame structure; The front part of the lower frame (2) is provided with positioning crossbars or positioning steel plate mounting holes (23), (23,), and the middle part of the lower frame (2) is provided with a shaft sleeve mounting hole (24) and a brake shaft mounting. hole

(25)，下架（2) 后部设有横向连接管安装孔（28)、（28')，上架（1) 后上端和下架（2)中后部分别设有后减震器轴安装孔（27)和摆臂或导向板定位轴安装孔（26)，上述各安装孔与上架（1)、下架（2) 和连接架（5) 用塑料整体注塑成型，预制的转佝杆定位管（7) 也一起注塑成型。 (25), the rear frame (2) is provided with transverse connecting pipe mounting holes (28), (28 ') at the rear, and the upper frame (1) and the rear end of the lower frame (2) are respectively provided with rear shock absorber shafts The mounting hole (27) and the swing arm or guide plate positioning shaft mounting hole (26), each of the above mounting holes and the upper frame (1), the lower frame (2) and the connecting frame (5) are integrally injection-molded with plastic, and the prefabricated rotor The rod positioning tube (7) is also injection molded together.

•16、根据权利要求 15所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征是：所述的主销定位连接装置（3)还包括两端装有主销安装轴承（33)、 (33')的上、下主销定位横杆（311)、 16. The micro four-wheeled vehicle frame according to claim 15, characterized in that: the kingpin positioning connection device (3) further comprises kingpin mounting bearings (33), (33 ') at both ends. The upper and lower kingpin positioning crossbars (311),

(31Γ) 或主销定位钢板（32)、（32')，主销定位连接装置（3) ***并固定在定位横杆或定位钢板安装孔（23)、 (23') 中；所述的驱动轴安装装置（4) 包括两根横向连接管（441)、（441，）；横向连接管（441)、（44Γ) 水平或上下横向***并固定在横向连接管安装孔（28)、 (28') 中，且两端与连接片（442) (442') 固接，连接片（442)、 (442，) 上装有驱动轴轴承（44)、 (44，）。 (31Γ) or king pin positioning steel plates (32), (32 '), and the king pin positioning connection device (3) is inserted and fixed in the positioning cross bar or positioning steel plate mounting holes (23), (23'); The drive shaft mounting device (4) includes two transverse connection pipes (441), (441,); the transverse connection pipes (441), (44Γ) are horizontally or vertically inserted and fixed in the transverse connection pipe installation holes (28), ( 28 '), and both ends are fixedly connected to the connecting pieces (442) (442'). The connecting pieces (442), (442,) are provided with drive shaft bearings (44), (44,).

17、根据权利要求 15所述的微型四轮车车架，其特征是：所述的驱动轴安装装置（4) 还包括槽形导向板（491)、导向板定位轴（412) 和后减震器（43)、 (43')；槽形导向板（491)的前端与安装在导向板定位轴安装孔（26)中的导向板定位轴（412) 铰接；连接管（441)、（44 ) ***并固定于槽形导向板（491) 后端两侧预设的圆孔中，装于其两端的连接片（442)、（442' ) 上装有驱动轴轴承（44)、 (44')；后减震器（43)、（43' ) 的上、下端分别与安装在后减震器轴安装孔（27) 的后减震器轴 17. The micro four-wheeler frame according to claim 15, wherein the drive shaft mounting device (4) further comprises a groove-shaped guide plate (491), a guide plate positioning shaft (412), and a rear subtraction The shockers (43), (43 '); the front end of the grooved guide plate (491) is hinged with the guide plate positioning shaft (412) installed in the guide plate positioning shaft installation hole (26); the connecting pipe (441), ( 44) Inserted and fixed in the preset circular holes on both sides of the rear end of the grooved guide plate (491), and the connecting pieces (442) and (442 ') mounted on both ends are equipped with drive shaft bearings (44), (44 '); The upper and lower ends of the rear shock absorbers (43), (43') and the rear shock absorber shaft installed in the rear shock absorber shaft mounting hole (27), respectively

(45) 及连接管（441) 的两侧铰接。 (45) and the connecting pipe (441) are hinged on both sides.

18、一种微型四轮车，包括车架、一对前轮和一对后轮、驱动装置、转向装置、刹车装置，其特征在于：所述的车架包括相互连接的上架（1) 和下架（2)，上架 (1) 和下架（2) 包括各自的上表面和下表面，所述上表面和下表面中至少其一为平面或构成安装平面，所述车架前、后两端择一地设有主销定位连接装置（3) 和驱动轴安装装置（4)，其前部向后倾斜地装有转向杆定位管（7)，上、下架之间装有 1一 5条连接架或连接杆（5)。 18. A miniature four-wheeled vehicle comprising a frame, a pair of front wheels and a pair of rear wheels, a driving device, a steering device, and a braking device, characterized in that: said frame includes an upper frame (1) and Off shelf (2), on shelf (1) and lower frame (2) include respective upper and lower surfaces, at least one of the upper and lower surfaces is a plane or constitutes a mounting plane, and the front and rear ends of the frame are alternately provided The main pin positioning connection device (3) and the drive shaft mounting device (4) are equipped with a steering rod positioning tube (7) at the front at an oblique backward direction, and there are 1 to 5 connection frames or connections between the upper and lower frames. Rod (5).

19、根据权利要求 18所述的微型四轮车，其特征在于：所述的上架（1) 和下架（2) 的横截面选自一字形、 T 形、槽形、空心矩形、水平并列的双圆管形、水平并列的双方管形其中之一；所述的双圆管或双方管形上、下架是通过横管水平连接的圆管或方管制成；所述的上架（1)前端向下弯曲成圆弧与下架（2)前端相接，再依次向下、向后、向上延伸形成倒梯形的前底端再与下架（2) 相接，上架（1) 后端向下弯曲与下架（2) 固接，上、下架宽度相等且两侧上下对齐；所述的下架 19. The mini four-wheeler according to claim 18, characterized in that: the cross section of the upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2) is selected from the group consisting of a flat shape, a T shape, a trough shape, a hollow rectangle, and a horizontal juxtaposition One of the double-circular tube-shaped, horizontally parallel two-sided tube-shaped; the double-circular tube or the double-tube-shaped upper and lower frames are made of round or square tubes connected horizontally by a horizontal tube; the upper frame (1 ) The front end bends down into an arc to connect with the front end of the lower frame (2), and then extends downward, backward, and upward to form an inverted trapezoidal front bottom end and then connects to the lower frame (2). After the upper frame (1) The end is bent downward to be fixedly connected with the lower frame (2), and the upper and lower frames are equal in width and both sides are aligned up and down;

(2) 中部装有中轴套管安装架（6)。 (2) The bottom bracket mounting bracket (6) is installed in the middle.

20、根据权利要求 18所述的微型四轮车，其特征在于：所述的上架（1) 的横截面为一字形，其中间段为直线段或下凹的圆弧段，上架（1) 的前后两端为向下弯曲的圆弧段，所述的下架（2) 为两条上下并列、水平设置的平板，其间设有 4〜 8 条中介平面将之连接成为框架结构；且所述的下架（2) 前部设有定位横杆或定位钢板安装座（23)、（23')，下架（2) 中部设有中轴套管安装座（24) 和刹车轴套管安装座（25)，下架（2) 后部设有横向连接管安装座（28)、（28')，上架（1) 后上端和下架（2) 中后部分别设有后减震器轴安装座（27) 和摆臂或导向板定位轴安装座（26)，上述各安装座与上架（1)、下架（2) 和连接架（5) 用塑料整体注塑成型，预制的转向杆定位管（7) 也一起注塑成型。 20. The mini four-wheeler according to claim 18, characterized in that: the cross section of the upper frame (1) is in a zigzag shape, wherein the middle section is a straight section or a concave arc section, and the upper frame (1) The front and rear ends of the circular arc segment are downwardly curved, and the underframe (2) is two horizontal plates arranged side by side up and down, with 4 to 8 intermediary planes connecting them to form a frame structure; and The lower frame (2) described above is provided with positioning crossbars or positioning steel plate mounting seats (23), (23 '), and the lower frame (2) is provided with a bottom bracket mounting seat (24) and a brake sleeve Mounting base (25), lower frame (2) are provided with transverse connecting pipe mounting bases (28), (28 ') at the rear, upper frame (1) rear upper end and lower frame (2) are provided with rear shock absorbers in the middle and rear Device shaft mounting base (27) and swing arm or guide plate positioning shaft mounting base (26), each of the above mounting bases and the upper frame (1), the lower frame (2) and the connecting frame (5) are integrally injection molded with plastic, prefabricated The steering rod positioning tube (7) is also injection molded together.

21、根据权利要求 19或 20所述的微型四轮车，其特征在于：所述的转向杆定位管（7) 通过定位管轴承（71)、 (7Γ) 装有可转动的转向杆套管（70)，可上下滑动的转向杆（72) ***转向杆套管（70) 并通过快卸紧固环（73) 将其固定在转向杆套管（70) 的适当位置上； 21. The mini four-wheeler according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that: the steering rod positioning tube (7) is provided with a rotatable steering rod sleeve through a positioning tube bearing (71), (7Γ) (70), the steering rod (72) which can be slid up and down is inserted into the steering rod sleeve (70) and fastened to the appropriate position of the steering rod sleeve (70) by a quick release fastening ring (73);

所述的中轴套管安装架（6)或中轴套管安装座（24)上装有中轴套管、中轴（61) 及脚蹬部件（611),所述的驱动装置中的驱动轴（47)穿过驱动轴轴承（44)、 (44，），其一端与一个后轮固接，另一端通过轴承与另一个后轮活接，驱动轴（47) 的中部与脚蹬部件（611) 或动力机械中的链轮相对应部位装有飞轮； The bottom bracket mounting bracket (6) or the bottom bracket mounting seat (24) is provided with a bottom bracket, a bottom bracket (61) and a pedal member (611). The shaft (47) passes through the drive shaft bearings (44), (44,), one end of which is fixedly connected to a rear wheel, and the other end is live-connected to the other rear wheel through a bearing. The middle part of the drive shaft (47) and the pedal member (611) or a flywheel corresponding to a sprocket in a power machine;

所述的转向装置中包括主销（35)、 (35，）；主销（35)、 (35' )通过主销安装轴承（33)、 The steering device includes king pins (35), (35,); the king pins (35), (35 ') are mounted with bearings (33),

(33') 与主销定位钢板（32)、（32')、主销定位横杆（311)、（31Γ) 或 A 形主销导向板 (341)、 (341，）铰接，固装于主销（35)、 (35，）的主销连接块（36)、 (36，) 外侧和后侧分别装有左、右转向节 (37)、 (37， )和左、右转向节臂（38)、 (38， )，转向节臂（38)、(33 ') is hinged to the king pin positioning steel plate (32), (32'), king pin positioning crossbar (311), (31Γ) or A-shaped king pin guide plate (341), (341,), and is fixedly mounted on The main pin connecting blocks (36), (36,) of the main pins (35), (35,) are equipped with left and right knuckles (37), (37,), and left and right knuckle arms on the outside and rear sides, respectively (38), (38,), knuckle arm (38),

(38' ) 后端与转向横拉杆（39) 两端铰接，一对转向轮分别安装在转向节（37)、（37' ) 上。 (38 ') The rear end is hinged to both ends of the steering tie rod (39), and a pair of steering wheels are respectively installed on the steering knuckles (37) and (37').