WO2005054239A1 - 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives - Google Patents

2-aminopyrimidine derivatives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005054239A1
WO2005054239A1 PCT/EP2004/013322 EP2004013322W WO2005054239A1 WO 2005054239 A1 WO2005054239 A1 WO 2005054239A1 EP 2004013322 W EP2004013322 W EP 2004013322W WO 2005054239 A1 WO2005054239 A1 WO 2005054239A1
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Prior art keywords
pyrimidin
amine
amino
pyridin
pyrrolo
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PCT/EP2004/013322
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French (fr)
Inventor
Hiroki Sato
Kazuho Tanaka
Makoto Shimazaki
Klaus Urbahns
Katsuya Sakai
Florian Gantner
Kevin Bacon
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Bayer Healthcare Ag
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Publication of WO2005054239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005054239A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives, processes for preparing them and pharmaceutical preparations containing them.
  • the 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the present invention exhibit enhanced potency for histamine H4 receptor antagonism and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with histamine H4 receptor activity!
  • the 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the present invention are useful for treatment and prophylaxis of diseases as follows: asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, thromboembolic diseases or disorders and urological diseases or disorders.
  • diseases as follows: asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, thromboembolic diseases or disorders and urological diseases or disorders.
  • Histamine exerts its numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions by acting on its receptor entities which belong to the heptahelical G-protein coupled receptor family.
  • Hough LB Mol Pharmacol, 59:415-419, 2001.
  • the specific functions of HI, H2 and H3 subtypes are well characterized (reviewed in the following references: Bakker RA et al., Clin Allergy Immunol, 17:27-64, 2002; Repka-Ramirez MS and Baraniuk IN, Clin Allergy Immunol, 17:1-25, 2002; Winbery SL and Lieberman PL, Clin Allergy Immunol, 17:287-317, 2002; Barocelli E and Ballabeni V, Pharmacol Res, 47:299-304, 2003.) and antagonists to each subtype are identified and some drugs have been clinically used.
  • the fourth member, H 4 has recently been cloned and characterized by various groups (Oda T et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275(47):36781-36786, 2000; Nakamura T et al, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 279:615-620, 2000; Zhu et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 59(3):434-441, 2001; Liu C et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 59:420-426, 2001; Morse et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 296(3): 1058-1066, 2001; Nguyen et al., Mol. Pharmacol.
  • H4 human eosinophils
  • IL-16 release from human CD8 + lymphocytes
  • H4 calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of murine mast cells
  • antagonists of histamine H4 receptor can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of immunological or inflammatory disorders/diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • immunological or inflammatory disorders/diseases including asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • WO03/035639 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
  • Raj and Ra 2 independently represent hydrogen, optionally substituted C )-6 alkyl etc;
  • Ra 3 is hydrogen, halogeno, optionally substituted C 6 . ⁇ 4 aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered aromatic heterocyclic group etc;
  • Ra 4 is hydrogen, C 6 . aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered aromatic heterocyclic group or optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered nonaromatic heterocyclic group having at least one unsaturatedbond;
  • Ra 5 is hydrogen, C 6- ⁇ 4 aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered aromatic heterocyclic group;
  • WO01/047921 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
  • Rbj is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl etc;
  • Rb 2 is halogen, alkyl, OH, (un)substituted heteroaryl, (un)substituted heterocyclyl, etc;
  • Rb 3 is bond
  • Rb 4 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, heterocyclyl, alkylamino, etc;
  • Y is hydrogen, alkyl, or Y and Rb ! together with N to form (un)substituted heterocyclyl or heteroaryl;
  • Rcj and Rc 4 independently represent hydrogen, amino, (un)substituted phenyl etc;
  • Rc 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, etc., or alkylene or alkenylene to form ring together with Q-A-N, etc;
  • Rc 3 is H, alkyl or alkenyl
  • A is direct bond, alkylene or oxy-alkylene
  • Q is pyridyl, furyl, thienyl or (un)substituted phenyl. ermediate for a cardiovascular agent.
  • 62233 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
  • Ad is bond, -N(R)-, etc;
  • Rdj is hydrogen, -(CH 2 ) n -phenyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperazin-4-yl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, phenyl, -(CH 2 ) n -pi ⁇ eridinyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, -(CH 2 ) n - NH-phenyl etc;
  • n is an integer of 0-4;
  • Rd 2 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, alkyl, etc;
  • Rd 3 is lower alkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, heterocycles (eg. thienyl, furyl) etc;
  • Rd 4 and Rd 5 independently represent hydrogen, optionally substituted phenyl, etc. enosine receptor modulators. 30 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
  • Re 2 and Re 2 are independently OH or N Re 9 Re 10 ;
  • Re 9 and Re 10 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl etc, or together with nitrogen to form a ring, which is optionally substituted by alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
  • Re 3 is hydrogen, haloalkyl, halogen, alkyl, etc;
  • Re 4 , Re 5 , Re 6 , Re 7 and Re 8 independently represent hydrogen, halogen, amino sulphon- amido, or alkylsulphonylamino, with the proviso that at least one of R e 4 -R e 8 is not hydrogen.
  • WO02/072548 discloses indole derivatives as histamine H4 receptor antagonist.
  • This invention is to provide novel 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I) their tauto- meric and stereoisomeric forms, and salts thereof.
  • R 1 represents wherein m represents an integer of 1, 2 or 3; n represents an integer of 0 or 1; R 11 represents hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(C ⁇ -6 a_kyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ -6 alkyl)amino, C 1-6 alkylthio, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, or C 3-8 cycloalkyl;
  • R 12 and R 13 independently represent hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl)amino, C ⁇ -6 alkylthio, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, or C 3-8 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 represents hydrogen, halogen or C ⁇ . 6 alkyl
  • R 3 represents aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, carboxy, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 3 8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, C ⁇ -6 alkanoyl, amino, N-(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N-(C 1-6 alkanoyl)- amino, N-(C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl)amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, N-(C ⁇ -6 alkoxy- cabonyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(aryl C ⁇ .
  • C ⁇ -fi alkyl optionally substituted by cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(C ]-6 alkyl)- amino, N,N-di(C 1 . 6 alkyl)amino, C ⁇ -6 alkylthio, C 1-6 alkoxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and C 1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted by C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
  • the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
  • R 1 represents
  • R 11 represents hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl
  • R 12 and R 13 independently represent hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl.
  • the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
  • R 1 represents
  • R 11 represents hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl
  • R 12 and R 13 independently represent hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl
  • R 2 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl or propyl
  • R 3 represents phenyl, naphthyl or thienyl, wherein said phenyl or naphthyl are optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, carboxy, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 3- scycloalkyl, phenyl, C ⁇ -6 alkanoyl, amino, N-(C ⁇ -6 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ -6 alkyl)amino, N- (C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl)amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, N-(C ⁇ . 6 alkanoyl)amino, N-(C ⁇ .
  • C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(C ⁇ -6 alkyl)- amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ -6 alkyl)amino, C ⁇ - ⁇ alkylthio, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and
  • C ⁇ -6 alkoxy optionally substituted by C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
  • the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
  • R 1 represents
  • R 11 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 12 and R 13 independently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 2 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, or ethyl
  • R 3 represents phenyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, phenyl, amino, N,N- di(C ⁇ -6 alkyl)amino, C ⁇ -6 alkylcarbonyl,
  • C ⁇ -6 alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen
  • C 1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted by C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
  • the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
  • R 1 represents
  • R n represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 12 and R 13 independently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 2 represents hydrogen or fluoro; and .
  • R 3 represents phenyl optionally having one or two substituent selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, N,N-(dimethyl)amino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, acetyl, or phenyl.
  • the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
  • said 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: 4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-py ⁇ olo[3,4-b] ⁇ yridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine trihydrochloride;
  • this invention is to provide a use of the 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the preparation of a medicament.
  • said medicament is suitable for treating or preventing a disorder or disease associated with histamine H4 receptor activity.
  • the 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof surprisingly show excellent histamine H4 receptor antagonistic activity. They are, therefore, suitable for the production of medicament or medical composition, which may be useful to treat histamine H4 receptor related diseases.
  • compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease such as asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases or chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • an inflammatory disorder or disease such as asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases or chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • COPD chronic obstructed pulmonary disease
  • compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of an immunological disorder or disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis.
  • compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of thromboembolic disorders, in particular myocardial infarct, angina pectoris (including unstable angina), reocclusions and restenoses after angioplasty or aorto-coronary bypass, stroke, transitory ischaemic attacks, peripheral arterial occlusive diseases, pulmonary embolisms or deep venous thromboses.
  • compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of pulmonary and malignant hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, heart and kidney failure, of ischaemic disorders such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and stroke and of cardial arrhythmia and renal dysfunction.
  • compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor oeractivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms.
  • the present invention provides a medicament, which includes one of the compounds described above and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Alkyl per se and "alk” and “alkyl” in alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkyl- aminosulphonyl, alkylsulphonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino and alkanoylamino represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having generally 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, representing illustratively and preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
  • Alkoxy illustratively and preferably represents methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert- butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
  • Alkanoyl illustratively and preferably represents acetyl and propanoyl.
  • Alkylamino represents an alkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexyl-amino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N- diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N-methyl-N-n-propylamino, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylamino, N-t-butyl-N-methylamino, N-ethyl-N-n-pentylamino and N-n-hexyl-N-methylamino.
  • Alkylaminocarbonyl or alkylcarbamoyl represents an alkylaminocarbonyl radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylamino-carbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, n-pentylaminocarbonyl, n-hexylaminocarbonyl, N,N-dimethyl- aminocarbonyl, N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-methyl-N-n- propylammocarbonyl, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylaminocarbonyl, N-t-butyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-ethyl-N-pentylamino
  • Alkylaminosulphonyl represents an alkylaminosulphonyl radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylaminosulphonyl, ethylaminosulphonyl, n-propylaminosulphonyl, isopropylaminosulphonyl, tert-butylamino- sulphonyl, n-pentylaminosulphonyl, n-hexyl-aminosulphonyl, N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl, N,N- diethylaminosulphonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylamino-sulphonyl, N-methyl-N-n-propylaminosulphonyl, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylaminosulphonyl, N-t-butyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl, N-ethyl-N
  • Alkylsulphonylamino illustratively and preferably represents methylsulphonylamino, ethyl- sulphonylamino, n-propylsulphonylamino, isopropylsulphonylamino, tert-butyl-sulphonylamino, n- pentylsulphonylamino and n-hexylsulphonylamino.
  • Alkoxycarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n- propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentoxycarbonyl and n-hexoxy- carbonyl.
  • Alkoxycarbonylamino illustratively and preferably represents methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, n-propoxycarbonylarnino, isopropoxycarbonylamino, tert-butoxy- carbonylamino, n-pentoxycarbonylamino and n-hexoxycarbonylamino.
  • Alkanoylamino illustratively and preferably represents acetylamino and ethylcarbonylamino.
  • Cycloalkyl per se and in cycloalkylamino and in cycloalkylcarbonyl represents a cycloalkyl group having generally 3 to 8 and preferably 5 to 7 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
  • Cycloalkylamino represents a cycloalkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) cycloalkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing cyclopropylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino and cycloheptylamino.
  • Cycloalkylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutyl- carbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl and cycloheptylcarbonyl.
  • Aryl per se and in arylamino and in arylcarbonyl represents a mono- to tricyclic aromatic carbocyclic radical having generally 6 to 14 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl.
  • Arylamino represents an arylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) aryl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing phenylamino, diphenylamino and naphthylamino.
  • Arylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents phenylcarbonyl and naphthylcarbonyl.
  • Heteroaryl per se and in heteroarylamino and heteroarylcarbonyl represents an aromatic mono- or bicyclic radical having generally 5 to 10 and preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms and up to 5 and preferably up to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of S, O and N, illustratively and preferably representing thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl.
  • Heteroarylamino represents an heteroarylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) heteroaryl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing thienylamino, furylamino, pyrrolylamino, thiazolylamino, oxazolylamino, imidazolyl-amino, pyridylamino, pyrimidylamino, pyridazinylamino, indolylamino, indazolylamino, benzofuranylamino, benzothiophenylamino, quinolinyl-amino, isoquinolinylamino.
  • Heteroarylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents thienylcarbonyl, furylcarbonyl, pyr- rolylcarbonyl, thiazolylcarbonyl, oxazolylcarbonyl, imidazolyl-carbonyl, pyridylcarbonyl, pyrimidylcarbonyl, pyridazinylcarbonyl, indolylcarbonyl, indazolylcarbonyl, benzofuranyl- carbonyl, benzothiophenylcarbonyl, quinolinyl-carbonyl, isoquinolinylcarbonyl.
  • Heterocyclyl per se and in heterocyclylcarbonyl represents a mono- or polycyclic, preferably mono- or bicyclic, nonaromatic heterocyclic radical having generally 4 to 10 and preferably 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3 and preferably up to 2 hetero atoms and/or hetero groups selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, SO and SO 2 .
  • the heterocyclyl radicals can be saturated or partially unsaturated.
  • Heterocyclylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl, pyrrolidine- 2-carbonyl, pyrrolidine-3-carbonyl, pyrrolinecarbonyl,. piperidinecarbonyl, morpholinecarbonyl, perhydroazepinecarbonyl.
  • Halogen represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by combining various known methods.
  • one or more of the substituents, such as amino group, carboxyl group, and hydroxyl group of the compounds used as starting materials or intermediates are advantageously protected by a protecting group known to those skilled in the art. Examples of the protecting groups are described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (3rd Edition)" by Greene and Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1999.
  • the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by the Method [A], [B] and [C] below.
  • Step A-l compound of formula (IV) (wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (H) (wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (DI) or any salt form of (DI).
  • the reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the like.
  • a base including, for instance, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the like.
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol and others.
  • alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol and others.
  • two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
  • Step A-2 compound of the formula (V) (wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above and Xi represents a leaving group including, for instance, halogen atom such as chlorine or bromine atom, or triflate) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (IV) (wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above) with an appropriate halogenating reagent including, for instance, POCl 3 , POBr 3 , PC1 5 , and the like.
  • an appropriate halogenating reagent including, for instance, POCl 3 , POBr 3 , PC1 5 , and the like.
  • the reaction may be carried out without solvent or in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, and others.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, and others.
  • the reaction can be advantageously conducted in the presence of a base, including, for instance, such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, and others.
  • a base including, for instance, such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, and others.
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200°C and preferably about 20°C to 150°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 10 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 30minutes to 24 hours.
  • Step A-3 compound of formula (I) (wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of formula (V) (wherein R 2 , R 3 and i are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R 1 is the same as defined above).
  • the reaction may be carried out without solvent or in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-irnidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO);
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200°C and preferably about 20°C to 150"C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 10 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diis ⁇ propylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, and others.
  • a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diis ⁇ propylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, and others.
  • the compound of formula (II), (DI) including any salt form of (DI) or (VI) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available.
  • the compound of formula (T) (wherein R 1 and R 3 are the same as defined above and R 2 is hydrogen) can be prepared, for example, in two steps.
  • Step B-la compound of formula (VIH) (wherein R 1 , R 2' and X ! are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (VH) (wherein R 2 and Xj is the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R 1 is the same as defined above) in a similar manner described in Step A-3 for the preparation of compound of the formula (I).
  • Step B-2a compound of formula (F) (wherein R 1 and R 3 are the same as defined above and R 2' is hydrogen) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (VIII) (wherein R 1 , R 2' and Xi are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (IX) (wherein R 3 is the same as defined above and Li represents metal group including, for instance, organoborane group such as boronic acid and dimethoxy boryl; organostannyl group such as tributyl stannyl, and the like).
  • the reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.
  • a palladium catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.
  • the reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, cesium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and the like.
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol and others.
  • ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
  • amides
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
  • Step B-lb compound of formula (V) (wherein R 2' , R 3 and Xi are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (VH) (wherein R 2 and Xi are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (DC) (wherein L_ and R 3 are the same as defined above) in a similar manner described in Step B-2a for the preparation of compound of the formula (F).
  • Step B-2b compound of formula (?) (wherein R 1 , R 2 arid R 3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (V) (wherein R 2 , R 3 and Xi are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R 1 is the same as defined above) in a similar manner described in Step B-la for the preparation of compound of the formula (VIII).
  • the compound of formula (DC) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available.
  • compound of formula (XI) (wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of formula (X) (wherein R 3 is the same as defined above) with methyl iodide and carbon disulfide in the presence of a base including, for instance, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxdde or sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • a base including, for instance, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxdde or sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAC), 1,3- dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and others.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane
  • ethers such as diethy
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200"C and preferably about 20°C to l50°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 2 hours to 24 hours.
  • compound of formula (XH) (wherein R 2' and R 3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (XI) (wherein R 2' and R 3 are the same as defined above) with the compound of formula (DI) or any salt form of (VIH).
  • the reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, ' sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the like.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl- acetamide(DMAC), l,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), l,3-dimethyl-2- imidazolidinone (DMI), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, water and others.
  • ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and t
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
  • Step C-3 compound of formula (XDI) (wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the oxidation of sulfur atom of compound of formula (XH) (wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above).
  • the oxidation reaction can be performed using a reagent, such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium periodate, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), potassium permanganate and others in the absence or presence of catalyst, such as catalytic ruthenium trichloride.
  • a reagent such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium periodate, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), potassium permanganate and others in the absence or presence of catalyst, such as catalytic ruthenium trichloride.
  • the reaction can be carried out in solvent including, for instance, water, halogenated hydrocarbons such as, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; and others.
  • solvent including, for instance, water, halogenated hydrocarbons such as, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane;
  • reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to about -10°C to 200°C, and preferably about 10°C to 50°C.
  • the reaction may be carried out for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 hour to 20 hours.
  • compound of formula (F) (wherein R 1 , R 2 and R are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (XDI) (wherein R 2' and R 3 are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R 1 is the same as defined above).
  • the reaction may be carried out without solvent or in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others.
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200°C and preferably about 20°C to 150°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 10 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 30minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of formula (X) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available.
  • Typical salts of the compound shown by the formula (I) include salts prepared by the reaction of the compound of the present invention with a mineral or organic acid, or an organic or inorganic base. Such salts are known as acid addition and base addition salts, respectively.
  • Acids to form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid and the like, and organic acids, such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p- bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
  • inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid and the like
  • organic acids such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p- bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
  • Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as, without limitation, ammonium hydroxide, alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like, and organic bases, such as, without limitation, ethanolamine, triethyl- amine, fri(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and the like.
  • inorganic bases include, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and the like.
  • the compound of the present invention or a salts thereof, depending on its substituents, may be modified to form lower alkylesters or known other esters; and or hydrates or other solvates. Those esters, hydrates, and solvates are included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the compound of the present invention may be administered in oral forms, such as, without limitation normal and enteric coated tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, solution, suspensions, syrups, solid and liquid aerosols and emulsions. They may also be administered in parenteral forms, such as, without limitation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and the like forms, well-known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using transdermal delivery systems well-known to those of ordinary skilled in the art.
  • the dosage regimen with the use of the compounds of the present invention is selected by one of ordinary skill in the arts, in view of a variety of factors, including, without limitation, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the recipient, the severity of the condition to be treated, the route of administration, the level of metabolic and excretory function of the recipient, the dosage form employed, the particular compound and salt thereof employed.
  • the compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients.
  • Excipients are inert substances such as, without limitation carriers, diluents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.
  • compositions of the present invention are pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients that are compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention are prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically- acceptable excipients.
  • the active ingredient may be mixed with a diluent, or enclosed within a carrier, which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container.
  • the carrier may serve as a diluent, which may be solid, semi- solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
  • a diluent which may be solid, semi- solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
  • the active ingredient may be combined with an oral, and non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, such as, without limitation, lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, sodium carbonate, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, methyl cellulose, and the like; together with, optionally, disintegrating agents, such as, without limitation, maize, starch, methyl cellulose, agar bentonite, xanthan gum, alginic acid, and the like; and optionally, binding agents, for example, without limitation, gelatin, natural sugars, beta- lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like; and, optionally, lubricating agents, for example, without limitation, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, sodium oleate, sodium benzoate,
  • the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient may be mixed with a carrier having binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired to produce tablets.
  • the powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient which is the novel composition of the present invention.
  • Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.
  • Sterile liquid formulations include suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as sterile water, sterile organic solvent, or a mixture of both sterile water and a sterile organic solvent.
  • the active ingredient can also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example, aqueous propylene glycol.
  • a suitable organic solvent for example, aqueous propylene glycol.
  • Other compositions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in aqueous starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution or in a suitable oil.
  • the formulation may be in unit dosage form, which is a physically discrete unit containing a unit dose, suitable for administration in human or other mammals.
  • a unit dosage ' form can be a capsule or tablets, or a number of capsules or tablets.
  • a "unit dose" is a predetermined quantity of the active compound of the present invention, calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with one or more excipients.
  • the quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 to about 1000 milligrams or more according to the particular treatment involved.
  • Typical oral dosages of the present invention when used for the indicated effects, will range from about O.Olmg/kg/day to about lOOmg/kg/day, preferably from 0.1 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day, and most preferably from about 0.5 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day. .
  • parenteral administration it has generally proven advantageous to administer quantities of about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg/day, preferably from 0.01 mg/kg/day to lmg/kg/day.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dose may be administered in divided doses, two, three, or more times per day. Where delivery is via transdermal forms, of course, administration is continuous.
  • a fusion construct consisting of the n-terminal part of H 4 and the C-terminal part of the Gr protein Got ! 6 was transfected into CHO cells containing the aequorin-controlled luciferase gene (CHOAQLuci cells). Recombinant clones showing aequorin luminescence after the addition of 1 ⁇ M histamine were isolated. Starting with three independent primary cell clones three sets of tertiary clones were generated by two successive rounds of limiting dilution.
  • CHO-H4 cells were seeded at 2 x 10 4 cells per well in Biocoat poly-D-Lysine 96 well black/clear plates (BECTON DICKINSON, Franklin Lakes, US) in D-MEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 400 ⁇ g/ml Geneticin (Invitrogen GD3CO, Carlsbad, US) and 2 mM butylrate for O/N.
  • the medium was removed and cells were loaded with 1 ⁇ M Fluo-3 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, USA) in loading solution (0.1% BSA, 20mM HEPES Hank's Buffer, ImM probinecid) for 1 hour.
  • the loading buffer was removed and exchanged for fresh loading buffer.
  • Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of test compounds and subjected to calcium mobilization measurement induced by 100 nM histamine by using FDSS6000.
  • Membrane fraction was prepared from CHO-H 4 stable cells treated with 5 mM butyrate for O/N. 20 nM 3 H-histamine binding to membrane was performed in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5 ), 5 mM EDTA for 1 hour in the presence of test compounds. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 20 ⁇ M histamine. B/F separation was performed by filtration using MAFB NOB plate . (Millipore, Tokyo, JAPAN ) with 3 times wash by 50 mM Tris ( pH7.5 ), 0.5 mM EDTA.
  • Bone marrow-derived mast cells were generated from the femural bone marrow of 6-8 week old male mice and maintained in RPMI1640 medium (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; JRH Bioscience, Lenex, KS, US), 100 units/ml penicilline-streptpmycine (GIBCO BRL, Rockville, MD, US) and 10 ng/ml recombinant murine IL-3 (Pepro Tech EC Ltd., London, UK) at a density of lxl 0 6 cells/ml. Prior to experimentation, BMMC were harvested, washed twice in PBS and further used as indicated. Purity of mast cells was >95% as asessed by Toluidine blue staining or FACS analysis of cell surface expression of c- kit and Fc ⁇ RI.
  • Transwell plates (Costar, NY, USA) with a pore size of 8 ⁇ m were coated with 100 ⁇ l of 100 ng / ml human fibronectin for 2hours at room temperature. After removal of fibronectin 600 ⁇ l of RPMI containing 10% FCS in the presence of histamine were added to the bottom chamber. Subsequently, bone marrow-derived mast cells (2 x 10 5 / well in 100 ⁇ l ) pre-treated with antagonists or test compounds were added to the top chambers. The plates were incubated for 2 hours at 37°C degrees. Transwells were removed and the number of cells in the bottom chamber was counted by flow cytometer. [Zymosan-induced pleurisy in mice] (Assay 4)
  • mice (Balb/c, female, 7-8 weeks old, SPF, Charles River Inc.) received a single intrapleural injection with 0.2 ml zymosan (100 ⁇ g/mouse) under anesthetization with ether.
  • Test compounds thi ⁇ peramide, dexamethasone, and vehicle (10 % cremophor in PBS)
  • mice were sacrificed and pleural fluid was collected by washing the pleural cavity twice with 2 ml PBS.
  • the cell suspension was diluted to one tenth in Turk's stain solution (Nacalai Tesque).
  • the number of total cells in the sample was counted under the microscope using a hemocytometer. Cytospin specimens were stained with May-Gruenwald's (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and Giemsa's solution (Merck) for leukocyte typing. The distribution of each cell population (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and others) was counted under microscopy by counting more than 200 cells.
  • Assay results in Assay 1 are shown in Examples and tables of the Examples below. For practical reasons, the compounds are grouped in four classes of activity as follows: A ⁇ IC 50 20nM ⁇ B ⁇ IC 50 lOOnM ⁇ C ⁇ IC 50 500nM ⁇ D
  • the compounds of the present invention also show excellent selectivity, and potent activity in Assays 2 - 4 described above.
  • Examplel-1 and 1-2 In the similar manners as described in Examplel-1 and 1-2 above, the compounds in Example 1-3 to 1-29 as shown in Table 1 were synthesized.

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives, processes for preparing them and pharmaceutical preparations containing them. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the present invention exhibit enhanced potency for histamine H4 receptor antagonism and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with histamine H4 receptor activity. More specifically, the 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the present invention are useful for treatment and prophylaxis of diseases as follows: asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, thromboembolic diseases or disorders and urological diseases or disorders.

Description

2-AMINOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Technical Field
The present invention relates to novel 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives, processes for preparing them and pharmaceutical preparations containing them. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the present invention exhibit enhanced potency for histamine H4 receptor antagonism and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with histamine H4 receptor activity!
More specifically, the 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the present invention are useful for treatment and prophylaxis of diseases as follows: asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, thromboembolic diseases or disorders and urological diseases or disorders.
Background Art
Histamine exerts its numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions by acting on its receptor entities which belong to the heptahelical G-protein coupled receptor family. (Hough LB, Mol Pharmacol, 59:415-419, 2001.) The specific functions of HI, H2 and H3 subtypes are well characterized (reviewed in the following references: Bakker RA et al., Clin Allergy Immunol, 17:27-64, 2002; Repka-Ramirez MS and Baraniuk IN, Clin Allergy Immunol, 17:1-25, 2002; Winbery SL and Lieberman PL, Clin Allergy Immunol, 17:287-317, 2002; Barocelli E and Ballabeni V, Pharmacol Res, 47:299-304, 2003.) and antagonists to each subtype are identified and some drugs have been clinically used. The fourth member, H4 has recently been cloned and characterized by various groups (Oda T et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275(47):36781-36786, 2000; Nakamura T et al, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 279:615-620, 2000; Zhu et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 59(3):434-441, 2001; Liu C et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 59:420-426, 2001; Morse et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 296(3): 1058-1066, 2001; Nguyen et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 59:427-433, 2001; O'Reilly M et al, J Recept Signal Transduct Res 22:431-448, 2002.) The predominant expression of H4 on leukocyte populations suggests potential immunological and inflammatory functions. Indeed, some inflammatory functions mediated by H4 have been recently identified in vitro. Chemotaxis of human eosinophils (O'Reily et al, above), IL-16 release from human CD8+ lymphocytes (Gantner F et al, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 303:300-307, 2002.), and calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of murine mast cells (Hofstra CL, et al J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 305(3): 1212-21, 2003) are controlled by H4. Also, Considerable expression of H4 is also seen on lung tissue and lung ceils (Coge F, et al, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 284:301-309, 2001; Morse et al., see above; Zhu et al., see above; Gantner F et al, see above.) which makes H4 an attractive target for inflammatory lung' disorders.
It is therefore expected that antagonists of histamine H4 receptor can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of immunological or inflammatory disorders/diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
WO03/035639 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000003_0001
wherein
Raj and Ra2 independently represent hydrogen, optionally substituted C)-6 alkyl etc; Ra3 is hydrogen, halogeno, optionally substituted C6.ι4 aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered aromatic heterocyclic group etc;
Ra4 is hydrogen, C6. aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered aromatic heterocyclic group or optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered nonaromatic heterocyclic group having at least one unsaturatedbond; Ra5 is hydrogen, C6-ι4 aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or optionally substituted 5 to 14 membered aromatic heterocyclic group;
as an adenosine receptor antagonist.
WO01/047921 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000003_0002
wherein Rbj is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl etc;
Rb2 is halogen, alkyl, OH, (un)substituted heteroaryl, (un)substituted heterocyclyl, etc;
Rb3 is bond,
Figure imgf000004_0001
Rb4 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, heterocyclyl, alkylamino, etc;
Xbi, Xb2 and Xb3 independently represent -N= or -C(H)- ;
Y is hydrogen, alkyl, or Y and Rb! together with N to form (un)substituted heterocyclyl or heteroaryl;
X, XI and X2 are -N= or -C(H)- ; tein kinase inhibitor. 2790 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000004_0002
wherein
Rcj and Rc4 independently represent hydrogen, amino, (un)substituted phenyl etc;
Rc2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, etc., or alkylene or alkenylene to form ring together with Q-A-N, etc;
Rc3 is H, alkyl or alkenyl;
A is direct bond, alkylene or oxy-alkylene;
Q is pyridyl, furyl, thienyl or (un)substituted phenyl. ermediate for a cardiovascular agent. 62233 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000005_0001
Ad is bond, -N(R)-, etc;
Rdj is hydrogen, -(CH2)n-phenyl, -(CH2)n-piperazin-4-yl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, phenyl, -(CH2)n-piρeridinyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, -(CH2)n- NH-phenyl etc;
n is an integer of 0-4;
Rd2 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, alkyl, etc;
Rd3 is lower alkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, heterocycles (eg. thienyl, furyl) etc;
Rd4 and Rd5 independently represent hydrogen, optionally substituted phenyl, etc. enosine receptor modulators. 30 discloses pyrimidine derivatives represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000005_0002
wherein
Re2 and Re2 are independently OH or N Re9 Re10; Re9 and Re10 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl etc, or together with nitrogen to form a ring, which is optionally substituted by alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
Re3 is hydrogen, haloalkyl, halogen, alkyl, etc;
Re4, Re5, Re6, Re7 and Re8 independently represent hydrogen, halogen, amino sulphon- amido, or alkylsulphonylamino, with the proviso that at least one of R e4-R e8 is not hydrogen.
as a glutamate release inhibitor.
Also, WO02/072548 discloses indole derivatives as histamine H4 receptor antagonist.
However, none of the references and other reference disclose 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives having histamine H4 receptor antagonistic activity.
The development of a compound which has effective anti-inflammatory actions based on a specific and selective antagonistic activity to histamine H4 receptor and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with histamine H4 receptor activity has been still desired.
Summary of the invention
As a result of extensive studies on chemical modification of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives, the present inventors have found that the compounds of novel chemical structure related to the present invention have unexpectedly excellent antagonistic activity to histamine H4 receptor. The present invention has been accomplished based on these findings.
This invention is to provide novel 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I) their tauto- meric and stereoisomeric forms, and salts thereof.
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein
R1 represents
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein m represents an integer of 1, 2 or 3; n represents an integer of 0 or 1; R11 represents hydrogen or C1-6alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι-6a_kyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, C1-6alkylthio, Cι-6alkoxy, or C3-8cycloalkyl;
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen or C1-6alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι_ 6alkyl)amino, Cι-6alkylthio, Cι-6alkoxy, or C3-8cycloalkyl;
R2 represents hydrogen, halogen or Cι.6alkyl; and
R3 represents aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, carboxy, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C3 8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, Cι-6alkanoyl, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C1-6alkanoyl)- amino, N-(Cι-6alkylsulfonyl)amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, N-(Cι-6alkoxy- cabonyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(aryl Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C1-6alkyl)amino, C]-6alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-βalkylthio, aminocarbonyl, N-(Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Cι-6alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, arylCι-6alkoxy- carbonyl,
Cι-fialkyl optionally substituted by cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(C]-6alkyl)- amino, N,N-di(C1.6alkyl)amino, Cι-6alkylthio, C1-6alkoxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted by C3-8cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
R1 represents
Figure imgf000008_0001
wherein
R11 represents hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; and
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
R1 represents
Figure imgf000008_0002
wherein
R11 represents hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; and
R2 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl or propyl; and
R3 represents phenyl, naphthyl or thienyl, wherein said phenyl or naphthyl are optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, carboxy, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C3-scycloalkyl, phenyl, Cι-6alkanoyl, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N- (Cι-6alkylsulfonyl)amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, N-(Cι. 6alkoxycabonyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(arylCι-6alkyl)amino, C1-6alkoxy- carbonyl, Cι-6alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, N-(Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di- (Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Cι-6alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, arylCι-6alkoxycarbonyl,
C1-6alkyl optionally substituted by cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)- amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, Cι-βalkylthio, Cι-6alkoxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and
Cι-6alkoxy optionally substituted by C3-8cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof: R1 represents
Figure imgf000009_0001
wherein
R11 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R2 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, or ethyl; and
R3 represents phenyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, phenyl, amino, N,N- di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, Cι-6alkylcarbonyl,
Cι-6alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted by C3-8cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
R1 represents
Figure imgf000010_0001
wherein
Rn represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
R2 represents hydrogen or fluoro; and . R3 represents phenyl optionally having one or two substituent selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, N,N-(dimethyl)amino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, acetyl, or phenyl.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2 -amine;
4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
3-{2-amino-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzonitrile;
4-(l-naphthyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine; 4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyπ:olo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridm-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridm-6-yl]-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine; l-(3-{2-amino-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenyl)ethanone;
4-(3-nitrophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine; (3-{2-amino-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenyl)methanol; 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-[octahyώo-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrirnidin-2-aιnine;
4-(4-nifrophenyl)-6-[octahycto-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
5-methyl-4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine; 4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-(3-thienyl)pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[octahydro-6H-p3ττolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyriιnidin-2-amine;
5-methyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3 -aminopyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine; 4-[3-(methylamino)azetidm-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-arnine;
4-[3 -(dimethylamino) azetidin- 1 -yl] -6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl] -6-(3 -methylphenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-6-[3-(methylarnino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrirmdin-2-amine; 4-(3 -methoxyphenyl) -6-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
3-{2-amino-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}ber_zonitrile;
1 -(3- {2-amino-6-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenyl)et_ιanone;
4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-(3-nifrophenyl)pyrirnidin-2-amine;
3-{2-amino-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrirnidin-4-yl}phenol; 4-(3-aminophenyl)-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
5-fluoro-4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine;
5-methyl-4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2 -amine;
4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine; 4-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl] -6-( 1 -naphthyl)pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-(4-methylphenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6 -[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-2 -amine;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(4-methoxyphenyl) -6- [3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-2-amine; 4- {2-amino-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l -yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzonitrile;
4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; and
4-{2-amino-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenol.
More preferably, said 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: 4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyπolo[3,4-b]ρyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine trihydrochloride;
4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahyαϊo-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine trihydrochloride;
3-{2-amino-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzonitrile trihydrochloride;
4-(l-naphthyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahy<iro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidm-2-amine trihydrochloride;
4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine trihydrochloride;
4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine trihydrochloride;
4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2- amine trihydrochloride;
l-(3-{2-amino-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenyl)- ethanone trihydrochloride;
4-(3-nifrophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrirmdin-2-amine trihydrochloride;
(3-{2-amino-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenyl)- methanol trihydrochloride;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahyoϊo-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-arrιine dihydrochloride;
4-(4-nifrophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyπ:olo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrirmdin-2-a_nine dihydrochloride;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride;
5-methyl-4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-arnine dihydrochloride; 4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-ρyrrolo [3 ,4-b]pyridin-6-yl] -6-(3 -thienyl)pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride;
4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride;
5-methyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[C4aR,7aR)-octahyά^o-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride; and
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride.
Further this invention is to provide a use of the 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the preparation of a medicament. Preferably, said medicament is suitable for treating or preventing a disorder or disease associated with histamine H4 receptor activity.
The 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof surprisingly show excellent histamine H4 receptor antagonistic activity. They are, therefore, suitable for the production of medicament or medical composition, which may be useful to treat histamine H4 receptor related diseases.
More specifically, compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease such as asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases or chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD).
Also, compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of an immunological disorder or disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis.
Also, compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of thromboembolic disorders, in particular myocardial infarct, angina pectoris (including unstable angina), reocclusions and restenoses after angioplasty or aorto-coronary bypass, stroke, transitory ischaemic attacks, peripheral arterial occlusive diseases, pulmonary embolisms or deep venous thromboses.
Also, compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of pulmonary and malignant hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, heart and kidney failure, of ischaemic disorders such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and stroke and of cardial arrhythmia and renal dysfunction. Also, compounds of the formula (I) are effective for the treatment or prevention of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor oeractivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms.
Further, the present invention provides a medicament, which includes one of the compounds described above and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
Alkyl per se and "alk" and "alkyl" in alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkyl- aminosulphonyl, alkylsulphonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino and alkanoylamino represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having generally 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, representing illustratively and preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
Alkoxy illustratively and preferably represents methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert- butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
Alkanoyl illustratively and preferably represents acetyl and propanoyl.
Alkylamino represents an alkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexyl-amino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N- diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N-methyl-N-n-propylamino, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylamino, N-t-butyl-N-methylamino, N-ethyl-N-n-pentylamino and N-n-hexyl-N-methylamino.
Alkylaminocarbonyl or alkylcarbamoyl represents an alkylaminocarbonyl radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylamino-carbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, n-pentylaminocarbonyl, n-hexylaminocarbonyl, N,N-dimethyl- aminocarbonyl, N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-methyl-N-n- propylammocarbonyl, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylaminocarbonyl, N-t-butyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-ethyl-N-n-pentylamino-carbonyl and N-n-hexyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl.
Alkylaminosulphonyl represents an alkylaminosulphonyl radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylaminosulphonyl, ethylaminosulphonyl, n-propylaminosulphonyl, isopropylaminosulphonyl, tert-butylamino- sulphonyl, n-pentylaminosulphonyl, n-hexyl-aminosulphonyl, N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl, N,N- diethylaminosulphonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylamino-sulphonyl, N-methyl-N-n-propylaminosulphonyl, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylaminosulphonyl, N-t-butyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl, N-ethyl-N-n-pentyl- aminosulphonyl and N-n-hexyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl.
Alkylsulphonylamino illustratively and preferably represents methylsulphonylamino, ethyl- sulphonylamino, n-propylsulphonylamino, isopropylsulphonylamino, tert-butyl-sulphonylamino, n- pentylsulphonylamino and n-hexylsulphonylamino.
Alkoxycarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n- propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentoxycarbonyl and n-hexoxy- carbonyl. Alkoxycarbonylamino illustratively and preferably represents methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, n-propoxycarbonylarnino, isopropoxycarbonylamino, tert-butoxy- carbonylamino, n-pentoxycarbonylamino and n-hexoxycarbonylamino.
Alkanoylamino illustratively and preferably represents acetylamino and ethylcarbonylamino.
Cycloalkyl per se and in cycloalkylamino and in cycloalkylcarbonyl represents a cycloalkyl group having generally 3 to 8 and preferably 5 to 7 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
Cycloalkylamino represents a cycloalkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) cycloalkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing cyclopropylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino and cycloheptylamino.
Cycloalkylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutyl- carbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl and cycloheptylcarbonyl.
Aryl per se and in arylamino and in arylcarbonyl represents a mono- to tricyclic aromatic carbocyclic radical having generally 6 to 14 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl.
Arylamino represents an arylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) aryl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing phenylamino, diphenylamino and naphthylamino.
Arylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents phenylcarbonyl and naphthylcarbonyl.
Heteroaryl per se and in heteroarylamino and heteroarylcarbonyl represents an aromatic mono- or bicyclic radical having generally 5 to 10 and preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms and up to 5 and preferably up to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of S, O and N, illustratively and preferably representing thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl.
Heteroarylamino represents an heteroarylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) heteroaryl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing thienylamino, furylamino, pyrrolylamino, thiazolylamino, oxazolylamino, imidazolyl-amino, pyridylamino, pyrimidylamino, pyridazinylamino, indolylamino, indazolylamino, benzofuranylamino, benzothiophenylamino, quinolinyl-amino, isoquinolinylamino.
Heteroarylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents thienylcarbonyl, furylcarbonyl, pyr- rolylcarbonyl, thiazolylcarbonyl, oxazolylcarbonyl, imidazolyl-carbonyl, pyridylcarbonyl, pyrimidylcarbonyl, pyridazinylcarbonyl, indolylcarbonyl, indazolylcarbonyl, benzofuranyl- carbonyl, benzothiophenylcarbonyl, quinolinyl-carbonyl, isoquinolinylcarbonyl.
Heterocyclyl per se and in heterocyclylcarbonyl represents a mono- or polycyclic, preferably mono- or bicyclic, nonaromatic heterocyclic radical having generally 4 to 10 and preferably 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3 and preferably up to 2 hetero atoms and/or hetero groups selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, SO and SO2. The heterocyclyl radicals can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Preference is given to 5- to 8-membered monocyclic saturated heterocyclyl radicals having up to two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, such as illustratively and preferably tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, perhydroazepinyl.
Heterocyclylcarbonyl illustratively and preferably represents tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl, pyrrolidine- 2-carbonyl, pyrrolidine-3-carbonyl, pyrrolinecarbonyl,. piperidinecarbonyl, morpholinecarbonyl, perhydroazepinecarbonyl.
Halogen represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
EMBODIMENT OF INVENTION
The compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by combining various known methods. In some embodiments, one or more of the substituents, such as amino group, carboxyl group, and hydroxyl group of the compounds used as starting materials or intermediates are advantageously protected by a protecting group known to those skilled in the art. Examples of the protecting groups are described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (3rd Edition)" by Greene and Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1999.
The compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by the Method [A], [B] and [C] below.
[Method A]
Figure imgf000017_0001
The compound of formula (I) (wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same as defined above) can alternatively be prepared by the following procedures.
In Step A-l, compound of formula (IV) (wherein R2 and R3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (H) (wherein R2 and R3 are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (DI) or any salt form of (DI).
The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the like. The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
In Step A-2, compound of the formula (V) (wherein R2 and R3 are the same as defined above and Xi represents a leaving group including, for instance, halogen atom such as chlorine or bromine atom, or triflate) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (IV) (wherein R2 and R3 are the same as defined above) with an appropriate halogenating reagent including, for instance, POCl3, POBr3, PC15, and the like.
The reaction may be carried out without solvent or in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, and others.
The reaction can be advantageously conducted in the presence of a base, including, for instance, such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, and others.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200°C and preferably about 20°C to 150°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 10 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 30minutes to 24 hours.
In Step A-3, compound of formula (I) (wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of formula (V) (wherein R2, R3 and i are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R1 is the same as defined above).
The reaction may be carried out without solvent or in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-irnidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200°C and preferably about 20°C to 150"C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 10 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours.
The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diisόpropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, and others.
The compound of formula (II), (DI) including any salt form of (DI) or (VI) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available.
[Method B]
Figure imgf000019_0001
(V)
The compound of formula (T) (wherein R1 and R3 are the same as defined above and R2 is hydrogen) can be prepared, for example, in two steps.
In Step B-la, compound of formula (VIH) (wherein R1, R2' and X! are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (VH) (wherein R2 and Xj is the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R1 is the same as defined above) in a similar manner described in Step A-3 for the preparation of compound of the formula (I).
In Step B-2a, compound of formula (F) (wherein R1 and R3 are the same as defined above and R2' is hydrogen) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (VIII) (wherein R1, R2'and Xi are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (IX) (wherein R3 is the same as defined above and Li represents metal group including, for instance, organoborane group such as boronic acid and dimethoxy boryl; organostannyl group such as tributyl stannyl, and the like).
The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.
The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, cesium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and the like.
The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
The compound of formula (?) (wherein R1 and R3 are the same as defined above and R2 is hydrogen) can also be prepared by the following procedures.
In Step B-lb, compound of formula (V) (wherein R2', R3 and Xi are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (VH) (wherein R2 and Xi are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (DC) (wherein L_ and R3 are the same as defined above) in a similar manner described in Step B-2a for the preparation of compound of the formula (F).
In Step B-2b, compound of formula (?) (wherein R1, R2 arid R3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (V) (wherein R2 , R3 and Xi are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R1 is the same as defined above) in a similar manner described in Step B-la for the preparation of compound of the formula (VIII).
The compound of formula (DC) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available.
[Method C]
The compound of formula (F) (wherein R1, R2' and R3 are the same as defined above) can also be prepared by the following procedures. (X) Step C-1 (Xi) Step C-2 (XII)
Figure imgf000021_0002
In StepC-1, compound of formula (XI) (wherein R2 and R3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of formula (X) (wherein R3 is the same as defined above) with methyl iodide and carbon disulfide in the presence of a base including, for instance, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxdde or sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
The reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAC), 1,3- dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200"C and preferably about 20°C to l50°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 2 hours to 24 hours.
In StepC-2, compound of formula (XH) (wherein R2' and R3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (XI) (wherein R2' and R3 are the same as defined above) with the compound of formula (DI) or any salt form of (VIH). The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, ' sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the like.
The reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl- acetamide(DMAC), l,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), l,3-dimethyl-2- imidazolidinone (DMI), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, water and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
In Step C-3, compound of formula (XDI) (wherein R2 and R3 are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the oxidation of sulfur atom of compound of formula (XH) (wherein R2 and R3 are the same as defined above).
The oxidation reaction can be performed using a reagent, such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium periodate, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), potassium permanganate and others in the absence or presence of catalyst, such as catalytic ruthenium trichloride.
The reaction can be carried out in solvent including, for instance, water, halogenated hydrocarbons such as, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to about -10°C to 200°C, and preferably about 10°C to 50°C. The reaction may be carried out for, usually, 30 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 1 hour to 20 hours. In Step C-4, compound of formula (F) (wherein R1, R2 and R are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula (XDI) (wherein R2' and R3 are the same as defined above) with compound of formula (VI) (wherein R1 is the same as defined above).
The reaction may be carried out without solvent or in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 200°C and preferably about 20°C to 150°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 10 minutes to 48 hours and preferably 30minutes to 24 hours.
The compound of formula (X) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available.
When the compound shown by the formula (I) or a salt thereof has an asymmetric carbon(s) in the structure, their optically active compounds and racemic mixtures are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Typical salts of the compound shown by the formula (I) include salts prepared by the reaction of the compound of the present invention with a mineral or organic acid, or an organic or inorganic base. Such salts are known as acid addition and base addition salts, respectively.
Acids to form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid and the like, and organic acids, such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p- bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as, without limitation, ammonium hydroxide, alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like, and organic bases, such as, without limitation, ethanolamine, triethyl- amine, fri(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and the like. Examples of inorganic bases include, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and the like.
The compound of the present invention or a salts thereof, depending on its substituents, may be modified to form lower alkylesters or known other esters; and or hydrates or other solvates. Those esters, hydrates, and solvates are included in the scope of the present invention.
The compound of the present invention may be administered in oral forms, such as, without limitation normal and enteric coated tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, solution, suspensions, syrups, solid and liquid aerosols and emulsions. They may also be administered in parenteral forms, such as, without limitation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and the like forms, well-known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. The compounds of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using transdermal delivery systems well-known to those of ordinary skilled in the art.
The dosage regimen with the use of the compounds of the present invention is selected by one of ordinary skill in the arts, in view of a variety of factors, including, without limitation, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the recipient, the severity of the condition to be treated, the route of administration, the level of metabolic and excretory function of the recipient, the dosage form employed, the particular compound and salt thereof employed.
The compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients. Excipients are inert substances such as, without limitation carriers, diluents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients that are compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention are prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically- acceptable excipients. In making the compositions of the present invention, the active ingredient may be mixed with a diluent, or enclosed within a carrier, which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container. The carrier may serve as a diluent, which may be solid, semi- solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
For oral administration, the active ingredient may be combined with an oral, and non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, such as, without limitation, lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, sodium carbonate, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, methyl cellulose, and the like; together with, optionally, disintegrating agents, such as, without limitation, maize, starch, methyl cellulose, agar bentonite, xanthan gum, alginic acid, and the like; and optionally, binding agents, for example, without limitation, gelatin, natural sugars, beta- lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like; and, optionally, lubricating agents, for example, without limitation, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, sodium oleate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, talc, and the like.
In powder forms, the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient. The active ingredient may be mixed with a carrier having binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired to produce tablets. The powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient which is the novel composition of the present invention. Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.
Sterile liquid formulations include suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs. The active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as sterile water, sterile organic solvent, or a mixture of both sterile water and a sterile organic solvent.
The active ingredient can also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example, aqueous propylene glycol. Other compositions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in aqueous starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution or in a suitable oil.
The formulation may be in unit dosage form, which is a physically discrete unit containing a unit dose, suitable for administration in human or other mammals. A unit dosage'form can be a capsule or tablets, or a number of capsules or tablets. A "unit dose" is a predetermined quantity of the active compound of the present invention, calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with one or more excipients. The quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 to about 1000 milligrams or more according to the particular treatment involved. Typical oral dosages of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects, will range from about O.Olmg/kg/day to about lOOmg/kg/day, preferably from 0.1 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day, and most preferably from about 0.5 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day. . In case of parenteral administration, it has generally proven advantageous to administer quantities of about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg/day, preferably from 0.01 mg/kg/day to lmg/kg/day. The compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dose may be administered in divided doses, two, three, or more times per day. Where delivery is via transdermal forms, of course, administration is continuous.
EXAMPLES
The present invention will be described in detail below in the form of examples, but they should by no means be construed as defining the metes and bounds of the present invention.
In the examples below, all quantitative data, if not stated otherwise, relate to percentages by weight. H NMR spectra were recorded using either Bruker DRX-300 (300 MHz for 'H) spectrometer or Brucker 500 UltraShieled™ (500 MHz for 1H) . Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard at zero ppm. Coupling constant (J) are given in hertz and the abbreviations s, d, t, q, m, and br refer to singlet, doublet, triplet, quartet, multiplet, and broad, respectively. The mass determinations were carried out by MAT95 (Fiimigan MAT).
Liquid Chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) data were recorded on a Micromass Platform LC with Shimadzu Phenomenex ODS column(4.6 mm φ X 30 mm) flushing a mixture of acetonitrile-water (9:1 to 1:9) at 1 ml/min of the flow rate. Mass spectra were obtained using electrospray (ES) ionization techniques (Micromass Platform LC). TLC was performed on a precoated silica gel plate (Merck silica gel 60 F-254). Silica gel (WAKO-gel C-200 (75-150 μm)) was used for all column chromatography separations. All chemicals were reagent grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Wako pure chemical industries, Ltd., Tokyo kasei kogyo Co., Ltd., Nacalai tesque, Inc., Watanabe Chemical Lid. Ltd., Maybridge pic, Lancaster Synthesis Ltd., Merck KgaA, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.
The effects of the compounds of the present invention were examined by the following assays and pharmacological tests.
[Calcium Mobilization in CHO cells transfected with human H4] (Assayl)
A fusion construct consisting of the n-terminal part of H4 and the C-terminal part of the Gr protein Got! 6 was transfected into CHO cells containing the aequorin-controlled luciferase gene (CHOAQLuci cells). Recombinant clones showing aequorin luminescence after the addition of 1 μM histamine were isolated. Starting with three independent primary cell clones three sets of tertiary clones were generated by two successive rounds of limiting dilution. Analysis of the primary clones as well as each subcloning by limiting dilution was monitored by "clone-pool analysis" comparing H4-transfected to mock-transfected (expression vector without H4 receptor cDNA) clones. CHO-H4 cells were seeded at 2 x 104 cells per well in Biocoat poly-D-Lysine 96 well black/clear plates (BECTON DICKINSON, Franklin Lakes, US) in D-MEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 400 μg/ml Geneticin (Invitrogen GD3CO, Carlsbad, US) and 2 mM butylrate for O/N. The medium was removed and cells were loaded with 1 μM Fluo-3 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, USA) in loading solution (0.1% BSA, 20mM HEPES Hank's Buffer, ImM probinecid) for 1 hour. The loading buffer was removed and exchanged for fresh loading buffer. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of test compounds and subjected to calcium mobilization measurement induced by 100 nM histamine by using FDSS6000.
[Histamine H4 binding assay] (Assay 2)
Membrane fraction was prepared from CHO-H4 stable cells treated with 5 mM butyrate for O/N. 20 nM 3H-histamine binding to membrane was performed in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5 ), 5 mM EDTA for 1 hour in the presence of test compounds. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 20 μM histamine. B/F separation was performed by filtration using MAFB NOB plate . (Millipore, Tokyo, JAPAN ) with 3 times wash by 50 mM Tris ( pH7.5 ), 0.5 mM EDTA.
[Migration assay] (Assay 3)
Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) were generated from the femural bone marrow of 6-8 week old male mice and maintained in RPMI1640 medium (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; JRH Bioscience, Lenex, KS, US), 100 units/ml penicilline-streptpmycine (GIBCO BRL, Rockville, MD, US) and 10 ng/ml recombinant murine IL-3 (Pepro Tech EC Ltd., London, UK) at a density of lxl 06 cells/ml. Prior to experimentation, BMMC were harvested, washed twice in PBS and further used as indicated. Purity of mast cells was >95% as asessed by Toluidine blue staining or FACS analysis of cell surface expression of c- kit and FcεRI.
Transwell plates (Costar, NY, USA) with a pore size of 8μm were coated with 100 μl of 100 ng / ml human fibronectin for 2hours at room temperature. After removal of fibronectin 600 μl of RPMI containing 10% FCS in the presence of histamine were added to the bottom chamber. Subsequently, bone marrow-derived mast cells (2 x 105 / well in 100 μl ) pre-treated with antagonists or test compounds were added to the top chambers. The plates were incubated for 2 hours at 37°C degrees. Transwells were removed and the number of cells in the bottom chamber was counted by flow cytometer. [Zymosan-induced pleurisy in mice] (Assay 4)
Mice (Balb/c, female, 7-8 weeks old, SPF, Charles River Inc.) received a single intrapleural injection with 0.2 ml zymosan (100 μg/mouse) under anesthetization with ether. Test compounds (thiόperamide, dexamethasone, and vehicle (10 % cremophor in PBS)) were administered p.o. (0.2 ml/head) 60 minutes prior to zymosan injection. Four hours after injection, mice were sacrificed and pleural fluid was collected by washing the pleural cavity twice with 2 ml PBS. The cell suspension was diluted to one tenth in Turk's stain solution (Nacalai Tesque). The number of total cells in the sample was counted under the microscope using a hemocytometer. Cytospin specimens were stained with May-Gruenwald's (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and Giemsa's solution (Merck) for leukocyte typing. The distribution of each cell population (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and others) was counted under microscopy by counting more than 200 cells.
Statistics
Unless otherwise stated, data are expressed as means ± SD of at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired Student's t-test if applicable or with the Dunnett's or Welch test if variances were non-homogeneous using commercially available statistic software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA).
Assay results in Assay 1 are shown in Examples and tables of the Examples below. For practical reasons, the compounds are grouped in four classes of activity as follows: A φIC50 20nM < B φIC50 lOOnM φC < IC50 500nM φD
The compounds of the present invention also show excellent selectivity, and potent activity in Assays 2 - 4 described above.
Z used in Melting point in the following section indicates decomposition. Preparation of compounds
EXAMPLE 1-1
4-[(4ai.,7ai.)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-Z»]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride
1) tert-Butyl (4aR,7aR)-6-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)octahydro-lH-pyrrolo[3,4-δ]- pyridine- 1 -carboxylate
Figure imgf000030_0001
A mixture of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (0.30 g), (4aR,7aR)-octahydro-lH-pyrrolo- [3,4-6]pyridine (0.25 g), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.48 ml) in EtOH (3.0 ml) was stirred at 60 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was partitioned between CHC13 and water. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to give a solid (0.46 g). The solid obtained was dissolved in CH2C12 (4.0 ml) and MeOH (1.0 ml), and Boc2O (0.60 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by column chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 1:2) gave tert-butyl (4aR,7aR)-6-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)octahydro-lH- pyrrolo [3 ,4-_>]pyridine-l -carboxylate (0.47 g, 73% yield) as a white solid.
*Η ΝMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.17-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.67- 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.83 (m, 1H), 2.24 (br, 1H), 2.75 (br, 1H), 3.04-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.84 (m, 1H), 4.03 (br, 1H), 4.74 (br, 1H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 5.76 (s, 1H).
2) tert-butyl (4aR,7aR)-6-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)octahydro-lH-pyrτolo[3,4-έ]- pyridine- 1 -carboxylate
Figure imgf000031_0001
To a mixture of tert-butyl (4aR,7aR)-6-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)octahydro-lH- pyrrolo[3,4-ό]pyridine-l-carboxylate (0.40 g), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.039 g) in DME (4 ml) was added phenylboronic acid immediately followed by aqueous Na2C03 (2 M, 2 ml). The mixture was flushed with Ar, and the reaction mixture was then refluxed for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated. Purification by column chromatography (NΗ-DM1020, hexane/ethyl acetate 1:1) gave tert-butyl (4aR,7aR)-6-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)octahydro-lH-pyrrolo- [3 ,4-δ]pyridine-l -carboxylate (0.37.1 g, 83% yield) as a white solid. lR NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) <π.35 (br, 1H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.42-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.85 (m, 1H), 2.26 (br, 1H), 2.78 (br, 1H), 3.12-3.92 (m, 4H), 4.05 (br, 1 H), 4.65-4.99 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 1H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.87-7.95 (m, 2H).
3) 4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3 ,4-ό]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride
Figure imgf000031_0002
To a solution of tert-butyl (4aR,7ai?)-6-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)octahydro-lH- pyrrolo[3,4-ό]pyridine-l-carboxylate (0.30 g) in 6 N ΗC1 solution (1.0 ml) was stirred at 60°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with EtOH to give 4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyιτolo[3,4-&]pyridin-6-yl]-6- phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride (0.252 g, 90% yield) as a white solid.
*Η NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-cfø) as a equilibrium mixture: δ 1.55-1.92 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.96 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.51^.09 (m, 5H), 6.35 and 6.69 (each s, 1H), 7.50-7.68 (m, 3H), 7.69-8.52 (m, 4H), 9.14 (s, 1H), 10.14 (s, 1H), 13.05 (s, 1H).
Molecular weight: 368.31
Mass spectrometry: m/z 296 (MH" - 2HC1).
Melting point (°C): 252 (dec.)
EXAMPLE 1-2
4- [(4ai_,7ai_)-l-methyloctahydro-6H-pyrrolo [3,4-6] pyridin-6-yI]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride
Figure imgf000032_0001
To a solution of 4-[(4aR,7a__)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-ό]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride (0.100 g) in MeOΗ (4 ml) were added a formaldehyde (37% solution of water, 0.028 ml) and 10% Pd/C (wet, Η20 50.9%, 0.100 g), and the mixture was stirred under H2 atmosphere (4 atm) at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered through Celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with AcOEt-EtOH to give 4- [(4aR,7aR)-l-methyloctahydro-6H-pynolo[3,4-ό]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride (0.057 g, 55% yield) as a white solid.
*Η NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-^) as a equilibrium mixture: δ 1.76 (br, 3H), 2.54-2.88 (m, 4H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.53-4.50 (m, 5H), 6.60 and 6.65 (each s, 1H), 7.29-8.23 (m, 7H), 10.82-11.51 (m, 1H), 13.15 (br, 1H).
Molecular weight: 382.34 Mass spectrometry: m/z 309 (MH+ - 2HC1).
Melting point (°C): 211 (dec.)
In the similar manners as described in Examplel-1 and 1-2 above, the compounds in Example 1-3 to 1-29 as shown in Table 1 were synthesized.
Figure imgf000034_0001
Figure imgf000035_0001
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000038_0001
EXAMPLE 2-1
4-(3-aminoazetidin-l-yl)-6-phenyIpyrimidin-2-a_nine dihydrochloride
1) tert-Butyl [l-(2-amino-6-chlorop)τimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]carbamate
Figure imgf000039_0001
A mixture of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (0.243 g), tert-butyl azetidin-3-ylcarbamate (0.255 g), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.387 ml) in EtOH (2.0 ml) was refluxed for 0.5 hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the resulting solid was collected by filtration, dried at 60°C in vacuo to give tert-butyl [l-(2-amino-6-chloro- pyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]carbamate (0.314 g, 71% yield) as a solid. lR ΝMR (500 MHz, CDC13) (51.39 (s, 9H), 3.32 (br s, 1H), 3.76 (br s, 2H), 4.15 (t, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.34-4.45 (m, 1H), 5.65 (s, 1H), 6.53 (s, 2H), 7.56 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H).
2) tert-Butyl [ 1 -(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidinτ4-yl)azetidin-3 -yl] carbamate
Figure imgf000039_0002
To a mixture of tert-butyl [l-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]carbamate (0.158 g), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.018 g) in DME (2 ml) was added phenylboronic acid (0.096 g) immediately followed by aqueous Na2C03 (2 M, 1 ml). The mixture was flushed with Ar, and the reaction mixture was then refluxed for 6 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evapotated. Purification by column chromatography (NH-DM1020, CHCl3/MeOH 30:1) gave tert-butyl [l-(2-amino-6-phenyl- pyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]carbamate (0.151 g, 84% yield) as a pale yellow solid.
!H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.46 (s, 9H), 3.86 (dd, J= 5.4, 9.1 Hz, 2H), 4.39 (br s, 2H), 4.62 (br s, IH), 4.81 (s, 2H), 5.01 (br s, IH), 6.02 (s, IH), 7.40-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.87-7.94 (m, 2H).
3) 4-(3-aminoazetidin-l-yl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride
Figure imgf000040_0001
To a solution of tert-butyl [l-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl3carbamate (0.100 g) in 6 N HCI solution (0.2 ml) and EtOH (2 ml) was refluxed for 1 hour. The reaction mixmre was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with AcOEt-EtOH to give 4-(3-aminoazetidin-l-yl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride (0.091 g, 100% yield) as a pale yellow solid.
!H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-t.6) δ 4.13-4.65 (m, 5H), 6.62 (s, IH), 7.57-7.68 (m, 3H), 8.05 (br s, 2H), 7.4-8.6 (br, 2H), 8.77 (br s, 3H), 12.95 (br s, IH).
Molecular weight: 314.21 Mass spectrometry: m z 242 (MH* - 2HC1). Melting point (°C): 230 EXAMPLE 2-2
4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride
1) tert-Butyl [l-(diphenylmethyl)azetidin-3-yl]methylcarbamate
Figure imgf000041_0001
To a suspension of NaH (60%, 0.072 g) and iodomethane (0.14 ml) in THF (3 ml) was added a solution of tert-butyl [l-(diphenylmethyl)azetidin-3-y_]carbamate (0.507 g) in THF (2 ml) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then poured into water, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with brine, .dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated. Purification by column chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 5:1) gave tert-butyl [l-(diphenylmethyl)azetidin-3- yljmethylcarbamate (0.488 g, 92% yield) as a solid. H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.41 (s, 9H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.99 (br s, 2H), 3.40-3.48 (m, 2H), 4.32 (s, IH), 4.46 (br, IH), 7.15-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.30 (m, 4H), 7.37-7.42 (m, 4H).
3) tert-butyl [l-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]methylcarbamate
Figure imgf000041_0002
To a solution of tert-butyl [l-(diphenylmethyl)azetidin-3-yl]methylcarbamate (0.454 g) in MeOH (5 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (wet, H20 50.9%, 0.100 g), and the mixture was stirred under H2 atmosphere (4 atm) at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered through Celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOH (2.0 ml), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.337 ml) and 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (0.211 g) were added. The mixture was refluxed for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, and the resulting solid was collected by filtration to give tert-butyl [1- (2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]methylcarbamate (0.231 g, 57% yield) as a solid. lR ΝMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.47 (s, 9H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 4.00-4.08 (m, 2H), 4.21 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 5.0 (br, IH), 5.66 (s, IH).
4) tert-Butyl [l-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]methylcarbamate
Figure imgf000042_0001
To a mixture of tert-butyl [l-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]methyl- carbamate (0.200 g), phenylboronic acid (0.117 g), and K2CO3 (0.176 g) in EtOH (2 ml) was added Pd(PPh3)4 (0.037 g), and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated. Purification by column chromatography (ΝH-DM1020, hexane/ethyl acetate 2:1 to 1:1) gave tert-butyl [l-(2- amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]methylcarbamate (0.166 g, 73% yield) as a solid.
*H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 1.48 (s, 9H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 4.05-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.28 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 5.10 (br, IH), 6.04 (s, IH), 7.41-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.88-7.93 (m, 2H).
5) 4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l -yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride
Figure imgf000043_0001
To a solution of tert-butyl [l-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)azetidin-3-yl]methyl- carbamate (0.152 g) in 6 N HCI solution (0.25 ml) and EtOH (2 ml) was refluxed for 8 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with AcOEt-EtOH to give 4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride (0.129 g, 91% yield) as a white solid.
!H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-..6) 2.58 (s, 3H), 4.10-4.65 (m, 5H), 6.60 (s, IH), 7.58-7.68 (m, 3H), 8.02-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.5-8.7 (br, 2H), 9.88 (br s, 2H), 12.91 (br s, IH).
Molecular weight: 328.24 Mass spectrometry: m z 255 (MH+ - 2HC1). Melting point (°C): 261 (dec.)
6) 4- [3 -(dimethylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl] -6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine
Figure imgf000043_0002
To a solution of 4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride (0.050 g) in MeOH (5 ml) were added a formaldehyde (37% solution of water, 0.021 ml) and 10% Pd/C (wet, H20 50.9%, 0.100 g), and the mixture was stirred under H2 atmosphere (4 atm) at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered through Celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ehtyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated. The residue was triturated with diisopropyl ether to give 4-[3-(dimethylarrήno)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrirnidin-2-amine (0.012 g, 29% yield) as a white solid.
lΕL NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) £2.23 (s, 6H), 3.23-3.29 (m, IH), 3.92 (dd, J= 5.4, 8.5 Hz,
2H), 4.11 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 6.03 (s, IH), 7.36-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.87-7.92 (m, 2H).
Molecular weight: 269.35 Mass spectrometry: m z 270 (MH+). Melting point (°C): 126 milar manners as described in Example 2-1 and 2-2 above, the compounds in Example 2-3 as shown in Table 2 were synthesized.
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001

Claims

A 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000054_0001
wherein
R represents
Figure imgf000054_0002
wherein m represents an integer of 1, 2 or 3; n represents an integer of 0 or 1;
Ru represents hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cwall_yl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, Cι.6alkylthio, Cι-6alkoxy, or C3-8cycloalkyl;
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(C1-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di- (C1-6al yl)amino, Cι-6alkylthio, C1-6alkoxy, or C3-8cycloalkyl;
R2 represents hydrogen, halogen or Ci-βalkyl; and
R3 represents aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, carboxy, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C3-8cyclo- alkyl, phenyl, C1-6alkanoyl, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, N-
Figure imgf000055_0001
N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, N-(Cι-6alkoxycabonyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(aryl Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6a kyl)amino, C_-.alkoxy- carbonyl, Cι-6alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, N-(Ci-6a_ky_)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di- (C1-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Cι-6alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, arylCι-6alkoxycarbonyl,
Ci-βalk l optionally substituted by cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)- amino, N,N-di(C1-6alkyl)amino, Cι-6alkylthio, Cι.6alkoxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and
Cι-6alkoxy optionally substituted by C3.8cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
2. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (1), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt, thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein
R1 represents
Figure imgf000055_0002
wherein
R11 represents hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; and
R and R independently represent hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl.
3. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein
R1 represents
Figure imgf000056_0001
wherein
R11 represents hydrogen or Cι.6alkyl;
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; R2 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl or propyl; and
R3 represents phenyl, naphthyl or thienyl, wherein said phenyl or naphthyl are optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, carboxy, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, Cι-6alkanoyl, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N- (Cι.6alkylsulfonyl)amino, N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, N-(Cι. 6alkoxycabonyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(arylCι-6al yl)amino, Cι-6- alkoxycarbonyl, Cι-6alkylthio, aminocarbonyl, N-(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N- di(Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Cι-6alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, arylCι.6alkoxycarbonyl, Cι_6alkyl optionally substituted by cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N- (Cι-6all_y_)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, Cι-6alkylthio, C1-6alkoxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and
Cι.6alkoxy optionally substituted by C3-8cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
4. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
R1 represents
Figure imgf000057_0001
wherein
R11 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R2 represents hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, or ethyl; and
R3 represents phenyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, phenyl, amino, N,N- di(Cι-6all yl)am_no, Cι-6alkylcarbonyl, ^a-kyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, and C]-6alkoxy optionally substituted by C3-8cycloalkyl, or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen.
5. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
R1 represents
Figure imgf000057_0002
wherein
R11 represents hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
R12 and R13 independently represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R2 represents hydrogen or fluoro; and
R3 represents phenyl optionally having one or two substituent selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, N,N-(dimethyl)amino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, acetyl, or phenyl.
6. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein said derivative is selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:
4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine; 4-(3 -methoxyphenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo [3 ,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
3-{2-amino-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzonitrile;
4-(l-naphthyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3 -chlorophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo [334-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine; 4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-[3-(1rifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2- amine; l-(3-{2-amino-6-[octahyc^o-6H-pyrrolo[354-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4- yl}phenyl)ethanone;
4-(3-nitτophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine; (3-{2-amino-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenyl)methanol;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2 -amine;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
5-methyl-4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo'[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine; 4-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-(3-thienyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[octahyd^o-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine;
5-methyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[octahyάio-6H-py_τolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine;
4-(3 -aminopyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl] -6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3 -chlorophenyl)-6-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3-(memylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
3 - {2-amino-6-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-4-yl } benzonitrile;
l-(3-{2-amino-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenyl)ethanone;
4-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl] -6-(3 -nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine;
3 - {2-amino-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenol;
4-(3 -aminophenyl)-6-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
5-fluoro-4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine;
5-methyl-4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3-(dimethylanαino)phenyl]-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4- [3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl] -6-( 1 -naphthyl)pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-(4-methylphenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[3 -(methylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine;
4-{2-amino-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzonitrile;
5 4-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]-6-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; and
4-{2-ammo-6-[3-(methylamino)azetidin-l-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}phenol.
7. The 2-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein said derivative is selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:
10 4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amirιe trihydrochloride;
4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyιτolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrirnidin-2- amine trihydrochloride;
3-{2-amino-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4- 15. yl}benzonitrile trihydrochloride;
4-(l-naphthyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-amine trihydrochloride;
4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine trihydrochloride;
20 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine trihydrochloride;
4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine trihydrochloride; l-(3-{2-amino-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4- 25 yl}phenyl)ethanone trihydrochloride;
4-(3-nitrophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- a ine trihydrochloride; (3-{2-amino-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-4- yl}phenyl)methanol trihydrochloride;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin- 2-amine dihydrochloride; 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6τ[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride;
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride;
5-methyl-4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-6-phenylpyrimidin-2- amine dihydrochloride;
4-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pynolo[3,4-b]pyridm-6-yl]-6-(3-thienyl)pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride;
4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6- yl]pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride; 5-methyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-6-[(4aR,7aR)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6- yl]pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride; and
4-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-[(4aR,7aR)-όctahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6- yl]pyrimidin-2-amine dihydrochloride.
8. A medicament comprising the 2-aminopyrimidine derivative, its tautomeric or stereo- isomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 as an active ingredient.
9. The medicament as claimed in claim 8, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
10. The medicament as claimed in claim 8, wherein said 2-aminopyrimidine derivative, its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is a histamine H4 receptor antagonist.
11. The medicament as claimed in claim 8 for the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease.
12. The medicament as claimed in claim 11, wherein said inflammatory disorder or disease is asthma, rhinitis, allergic diseases or chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD).
13. The medicament as claimed in claim 8 for the treatment and/or prevention of an immunological disorder or disease.
14. The medicament as claimed in claim 13, wherein said immunological disorder or disease is rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis.
15. Use of a compound according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease.
16. Use of a compound according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of an immunological disorder or disease.
17. Use of a compound according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of a thromboembolic disorder or disease.
18. Use of a compound according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of a urological disorder or disease.
19. Process for controlling an inflammatory disorder or disease in humans and animals by administration of a Mstamine H4 receptor antagonistically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1.
20. Process for controlling an immunological disorder or disease in humans and animals by administration of a histamine H4 receptor antagonistically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1. ■
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