WO2005046277A1 - Method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network, in addition to a subscriber station - Google Patents
Method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network, in addition to a subscriber station Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005046277A1 WO2005046277A1 PCT/DE2003/003578 DE0303578W WO2005046277A1 WO 2005046277 A1 WO2005046277 A1 WO 2005046277A1 DE 0303578 W DE0303578 W DE 0303578W WO 2005046277 A1 WO2005046277 A1 WO 2005046277A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- monitoring
- subscriber station
- probability
- station
- radio network
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/30—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting lawful interception, monitoring or retaining of communications or communication related information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/03—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
- H04W12/033—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption of the user plane, e.g. user's traffic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/80—Arrangements enabling lawful interception [LI]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network and a corresponding subscriber station.
- a virtual base station is a base station which does not belong to the radio network in which the subscriber station is operated, but which communicates with the subscriber station in such a way that it appears to the subscriber station as a base station of the radio network.
- monitoring of the subscriber station is understood to mean identifying the subscriber station, listening to the data transmitted by means of the subscriber station or also localizing the subscriber station and any combination of these possibilities.
- devices can also transmit their calls and data transmissions to the so-called users. For example, the police, border guards and intelligence services are needed. There is currently no possibility for the user of a subscriber station to recognize whether data transmitted by the subscriber station is being intercepted, whether the position of the subscriber station is ascertained or whether the identity of the subscriber station is being ascertained.
- the invention is therefore based on the task of an advantageous method for operating a
- the subscriber station receives a signal and, taking the signal into account, determines a probability of monitoring the subscriber station.
- the signals exchanged during normal, ie unsupervised communication with the radio network are known in the subscriber station. If the subscriber station receives a signal that is not typical for the course of normal communication, it can use this signal to determine a probability of monitoring, for example using a list. If, for example, the subscriber station receives a signal in a radio network operated in Germany with which the encryption of data transmission via the air is switched off, this is an indication that the subscriber station may be monitored, since in Germany encryption is always switched on in the usual way for radio transmissions. Taking this signal into account, a probability of monitoring of 99%, for example, can be determined if the subscriber station knows that an error in the setting of the encryption occurs in 1% of the transmissions in the radio network.
- the determination of the probability of monitoring the subscriber station on the basis of a single received signal can of course result in probabilities that are significantly less than 100%. It is therefore advantageous if the probability of monitoring is determined taking additional received signals into account.
- the subscriber station receives a request to establish a connection (paging), which requests the subscriber station to transmit its IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) or IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
- IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
- the receipt of such a request to establish a connection means that possibly monitoring by a virtual base station, for example. Monitoring is possible, since requests to establish a connection sent by the radio network normally request transmission of the TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity).
- TMSI Temporal Mobile Subscriber Identity
- a request for transmission of the IMSI or IMEI by the radio network cannot, however, be ruled out entirely, so that only a probability of 80% monitoring, for example, can be determined. If further requests to establish a connection with transmission of the IMSI or IMEI are received, the probability of monitoring taking into account all such signals increases.
- the subscriber station receives a request to establish a connection, which subsequently results in a successful establishment of the connection.
- the signals taken into account to determine the probability of monitoring can of course also relate to different types of signals.
- a virtual base station uses signals to announce an incoming call for the subscriber station in order to use the expected response signals from the subscriber station to check whether the subscriber station is still close to the virtual base station located.
- the virtual base station transmits before reaching a state, for example referred to as "alerting *", i.e. For example, in front of a ringing signal that acoustically indicates the call to the user of the subscriber station, a signal that leads to the call being terminated. The user of the subscriber station thus does not notice that the subscriber station is monitored by the virtual base station.
- This procedure known as silent call activation, enables, for example, the location of the subscriber station to be determined. If, for example, such an abort signal and, in addition, a request to establish a connection, stating the IMSI or IMEI, are received, the invention enables both types of signals to be taken into account to determine the probability of monitoring.
- the subscriber station makes a determination that it is monitored if the probability of monitoring exceeds a limit value. If, based on the signals received, only a low probability of monitoring, for example 20%, can be determined, then a limit value of 80%, for example, means that a probability of 20% is not sufficient to actually assume that the subscriber station is being monitored. Since the consideration of a one-time received signal or only a few different types of signals (e.g.
- a request to establish a connection with transmission of the IMSI or IMEI and a signal to terminate an incoming call can often only transmit a low probability of monitoring, although monitoring may still be present, it is advantageous if a reception frequency is determined for different types of received signals and a linear combination of the reception frequencies is taken into account for determining the probability.
- a signal i.e. a type of signal
- this corresponds to a high probability of monitoring
- a low frequency of reception corresponds to a low probability of monitoring. The same applies in particular when several different types of signals are received.
- the subscriber station advantageously informs a user of the subscriber station that there is monitoring.
- the user of the subscriber station thus has the option of deciding how he would like to react when the subscriber station is monitored.
- the user is informed, for example, by an acoustic alarm signal and / or a display on a display device of the subscriber station that there is monitoring.
- the user is additionally informed of the likelihood of monitoring.
- the user of the subscriber station can decide for himself how he evaluates the signals received and / or the probability of monitoring determined from them.
- An embodiment of the invention provides that the subscriber station sends a connection request and / or a service request to the radio network and then additionally takes received response signals into account when determining the probability of monitoring. If the subscriber station has already determined a probability of monitoring the subscriber station, the probability of monitoring the subscriber station can be determined to be even greater if the connection establishment request and / or the service request leads to none and / or not to the expected response from the radio network , This is the case, for example, when monitoring is carried out by a virtual base station according to DE 199 20 222 A2 or DE 100 51 129 AI.
- the subscriber station according to the invention has all the features that are required to carry out the method according to the invention.
- 1 shows a first determination according to the invention of a probability of monitoring a subscriber station by a virtual base station
- FIG. 2 shows a second determination according to the invention of a probability of monitoring the subscriber station.
- the same reference symbols in the figures denote the same objects.
- a subscriber station is, for example, a mobile phone or a portable or stationary device for transmitting image and / or sound data, for sending faxes, short messages, SMS and e-mail, and for Internet access.
- Radio networks are radio communication systems in which data is transmitted between stations via a radio interface. The data transmission can take place bidirectionally as well as unidirectionally.
- Radio networks are in particular mobile radio systems, for example according to the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) standard. Future mobile radio systems, for example of the fourth generation, should also be understood as radio networks.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
- Monitoring of the subscriber station in the following, as already mentioned in the introduction to the description, is understood to mean identifying the subscriber station, listening to the data transmitted by means of the subscriber station or also localizing the subscriber station and any combination of these possibilities.
- a subscriber station is hereinafter referred to as a mobile station, but is not limited to this.
- a mobile station MS is shown schematically in FIG. 1, which is located in a first radio cell ZBS1.
- the first radio cell ZBS1 is supplied by a first base station BS1.
- the mobile station MS is registered in the first radio cell ZBS1 and is, for example, in a waiting state (idle ode), ie it has no active connection with the first base station BSl or another base station of the radio network to which the first base station BSl belongs.
- the mobile station MS has a transmitting and receiving unit SE ', by means of which it can send and receive signals via an antenna A. Furthermore, the mobile station MS has a display device DP, for example a display DP, and an operating panel BF. Via the control panel BF, a user of the mobile station MS can, for example, enter a telephone number in order to call another mobile station.
- the display DP shows the mobile station MS information received via the radio network or information generated by the mobile station MS itself. Both in the idle state and during an active connection, the mobile station MS regularly receives system information from neighboring base stations via the respective broadcast channels of the base stations.
- the mobile station MS receives system information from the first base station BS1 via a first broadcast channel BCCH1, which is emitted with a first transmission power Pl, which is required for communication with the first base station BS1.
- the mobile station MS also receives system information on a second broadcast channel BCCH2, which is' emitted by a second base station BS2 with a second transmission power P2.
- the second base station BS2 supplies a second radio cell ZBS2.
- the first and second radio cells ZBS1, ZBS2 are each assigned an area code LAC, which in this exemplary embodiment corresponds for both radio cells ZBS1, ZBS2. Of course, a different area code can also be assigned to the two radio cells ZBS1, ZBS2.
- FIG. 1 also schematically shows a virtual base station VBS, which corresponds, for example, to a virtual base station according to patent application DE 199 20 222 AI or DE 100 51 129 AI.
- the virtual base station VBS supplies a virtual radio cell ZVBS and sends system information with a third transmission power P3 on a third broadcast channel VBCCH.
- the third broadcast channel VBCCH corresponds to a real broadcast channel of a real, not shown, i.e. base station belonging to the radio network and is therefore also received and evaluated by the mobile station MS.
- the third transmission power P3 is greater than the transmission power of the real base station on the real broadcast channel, so that the mobile station MS can no longer distinguish the system information of the real base station from interference signals and can therefore no longer decode.
- the third transmission power P3 is greater than the first and second transmission power P2, P3 on the first and second broadcast channels BCCH1, BCCH2.
- the mobile station MS therefore changes to the virtual radio cell ZVBS after receiving the system information on the third broadcast channel VBCCH.
- the virtual radio cell ZVBS is assigned an area code VLAC which differs from the area code LAC of the first and second radio cells ZBS1, ZBS2. For this reason, the mobile station MS transmits its IMSI and IMEI to the virtual base station VBS when registering in the virtual radio cell ZVBS.
- the mobile station MS cannot immediately recognize from the signals received from the virtual base station ' VBS that it is registering in a radio cell that does not belong to the radio network. On the basis of the invention, however, the mobile station MS evaluates the sudden increase in the transmission power on the third broadcast channel VBCCH (compared to the transmission power on the real broadcast channel of the real base station received before the virtual base station VBS was switched on). Station) with unchanged transmission power on the first and on the second broadcast channels BCCH1, BCCH2, as an indication that a virtual base station is present.
- the mobile station MS evaluates the mobile station MS that the data received on the third broadcast channel VBCCH system information indicates an area code for the virtual radio cell ZVBS that of the area code LAC of the adjacent first and second radio cell ZBSl, ZBS2 deviates , although this can also occur during normal operation of the mobile station MS in the radio network, in combination with the sudden increase in the transmission power on the third broadcast channel VBCCH, the mobile station MS increases the likelihood that it will be monitored, ie that a virtual base station tion is present.
- the mobile station MS determines on the basis of the increase in the transmission power or on the basis of the increase in the associated reception power on the third broadcast channel VBCCH and the system information.
- the third broadcast channel VBCCH which indicate a changed area code VLAC compared to the first radio cell ZBS1, a probability of 30% monitoring.
- the processor P of the mobile station MS compares the determined probability of a monitoring with a limit value, which is, for example, 80% and does not come to the conclusion that monitoring is present, since the determined probability is less than the limit value.
- a limit value which is, for example, 80% and does not come to the conclusion that monitoring is present, since the determined probability is less than the limit value.
- the virtual base station VBS requests the mobile station MS with a corresponding signal V to establish a connection with the virtual base station VBS.
- the mobile station MS sends a connection establishment signal VA to the virtual base station VBS.
- the virtual base station VBS then divides the mobile station MS by a control signal NOENC with that no encryption should be used for the subsequent data transmission to the virtual base station VBS.
- the processor P evaluates the control signal NOENC in combination with the other signals already mentioned above as a further indication that the mobile station MS is being monitored. For example, the mobile station MS uses the control signal NOENC to determine an overall probability of 79% monitoring. This probability is still less than the limit value of 80%, so that it can still not be determined that the mobile station MS is being monitored.
- the virtual base station VBS then terminates the active connection with the mobile station MS.
- the virtual base station VBS sends the mobile station MS two connections after the active connection has been interrupted, for example within one minute. signals VI, V2, each signaling a call addressed to the mobile station MS.
- the virtual base station VBS terminates the call by means of corresponding termination signals SCI, SC2 before the mobile station MS reaches the “alerting” state, ie before a ringing signal can be triggered, for example.
- the mobile station MS With additional consideration of the frequency of reception of the termination signals SCI, SC2 (two termination signals per minute), the mobile station MS now determines a total probability of 95% that it will be monitored.
- the display DP also shows which signals SIG were used to determine this probability.
- the invention can also be used by mobile stations that have no display device and / or no control panel, for example modules with a computer interface. In this case, a
- the limit value is exceeded, this is indicated, for example, by an acoustic signal and / or any further radio communication of the corresponding module is interrupted, for example, for a definable period of time.
- the probability of monitoring can of course also be displayed in a control center connected to the module on existing screens or an acoustic alarm signal can be triggered.
- other signals can alternatively or additionally be taken into account for determining a probability of monitoring the mobile station MS.
- Paging groups combine several mobile stations for receiving signals, for example on the third broadcast channel VBCCH.
- a virtual base station according to DE 199 20 222 AI or DE 100 51 129 AI uses, for example, a large number of paging groups in order to specifically induce mobile stations of certain paging groups to log into another radio cell by means of corresponding signals, while the mobile stations of the other whose paging groups remain in the radio cell of the virtual base station.
- the virtual base station VBS can, for example, simulate requests (paging) from the first base station BS1 to establish a connection and, in these requests to establish a connection, request the mobile station MS to transmit its IMSI and / or IMEI.
- connection setups do not subsequently lead to a connection to the first base station BS1, since the first base station BS1 did not send the requests itself.
- the mobile station MS therefore interprets requests to establish a connection which subsequently do not lead to a connection as an indication of the possible presence of a virtual base station. This is all the more true if the mobile station MS detects a high frequency of reception of, for example, 10 simulated requests to establish a connection per minute.
- the mobile station MS can of course also receive a request to set up a connection, which subsequently results in a successful establishment of the connection.
- the mobile station then sets the probability of monitoring to 0%, since it is not aware of any type of monitoring, for example for mobile radio systems based on the GSM standard, during which a request to establish a connection actually leads to a connection.
- the virtual base station VBS can therefore be sure that it has received the request from a device in its mobile radio system.
- the virtual base station VBS according to DE 199 20 222 AI or DE 100 51 129 AI does not have means to provide the mobile station MS with a request from the mobile radio system
- the virtual base station VBS does not know the TMSI of the mobile station MS, which is required for establishing a connection, if the mobile radio system requests the TMSI from the mobile station MS when requesting a connection.
- the virtual base station VBS can thus not act as a switching unit between the mobile station MS and the mobile radio system.
- connections in which a request from the mobile radio system to establish a connection asks the mobile station MS to transmit the IMSI or IMEI cannot be set up by the virtual base station BS, since they do not authenticate themselves to the mobile radio system can.
- the virtual base station VBS does not know the encryption parameters required for this purpose, for example stored on the SIM card (SIM: Subscriber Identity Module) of the mobile station MS.
- SIM Subscriber Identity Module
- the probability of monitoring deviating from 0% is determined by the mobile station when the connection is successfully established, for example if the mobile radio system can use the signals described below to determine monitoring.
- monitoring activities of the radio network can also be noticed by the mobile station MS and displayed to the user, for example on the display DP.
- SMS Class 0 a short message referred to in the GSM standard as SMS Class 0 which is shown on the display DP without the user of the mobile station MS having to do anything, and if this short message is empty, the user of the mobile station notices the short message and an inevitable data exchange with the radio network associated with the automatic reception of the short message.
- SMS Class 0 a confirmation of receipt can be requested at the same time, the transmission of which confirms that the mobile station MS was logged into the radio network. If the mobile station receives such a short message (SMS Class 0), it evaluates this as an indication that there is monitoring by the radio network.
- Another indication of monitoring by the radio network can be the receipt of requests (paging) for a connection set-up, for example by the first base station BS1, each of which transmits the TMSI of the mobile Prompt station MS if no connection is subsequently established or if this behavior occurs frequently.
- requests paging
- a connection establishment request with a request for the TMSI cannot be sent by a virtual base station because the TMSI is not known.
- a flow diagram is shown schematically in FIG. 2, which leads to the detection of monitoring of the mobile station MS and to a corresponding display on the display DP.
- the mobile station MS receives a large number of signals S1,..., SN or different types of signals that indicate monitoring of the mobile station MS. Each signal, taken alone, gives a low probability that the mobile station MS will be monitored.
- the signals S1,..., SN are, for example, signals as have already been described with reference to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, or any other signals which can indicate monitoring of the mobile station MS.
- the signals S1, ..., SN are subsequently evaluated in a computing unit RE, which is arranged, for example, in the processor P, and an overall probability W of monitoring is determined on the basis of all the signals S1, ..., SN.
- the total probability W determined can, if it is greater than the limit value G, be immediately shown on the display DP.
- a further check for monitoring can be carried out in order to determine the overall probability W even more precisely. This further check is shown as box K.
- the mobile station MS initiates a connection establishment VERB with the radio network and / or a request for a service DST from the radio network and checks whether there is actually a connection establishment or reception of the correspondingly requested service.
- the overall probability W for monitoring can be increased further, since then obviously no connection with a real basic Station of the radio network is present.
- the total probability W can of course also be displayed if it is less than the limit value G.
- the signals S1, ..., SN, which were taken into account to determine the overall probability are displayed together with the respective frequency of reception N1, ..., NN.
- the total probability W is determined in the computing unit RE, for example on the basis of a linear combination of the reception frequencies N1, ..., NN of the signals S1, ..., SN.
- reception frequencies and / or the values of further received signals e.g. the control signal NOENC, which indicates that no encryption may be used
- the change in transmission power on the third broadcast channel VBCCH can be combined in a non-linear manner.
- a non-linear combination can take place, for example, by means of fuzzy logic or by means of an artificial neural network.
- the mobile station MS can use an adaptive learning method to find out for which combinations of signals, frequency of reception and / or values of signals there is a high overall probability of monitoring.
- a prerequisite for deciding whether the mobile station MS is actually monitored is, of course, that the mobile station is aware of the signals and values of signals that characterize normal communication within the radio network for each radio network in which it is operated. These can be different depending on the radio network operator and depending on the country in which the radio network is operated and are in the mobile station MS for each radio network or stored in a regularly updated database for each country.
- the user of the mobile station MS can also be shown monitoring other mobile stations if the mobile station recognizes this on the basis of the signals received. This is possible, for example, when a virtual base station according to DE 199 20 222 AI is present if the mobile station MS repeats so-called “DSC timeouts (DSC: Downlink Signaling Counter) on a radio cell, namely the radio cell of the virtual base station Cell reselection received.
- DSC timeouts DSC: Downlink Signaling Counter
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Technology Law (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10394360T DE10394360D2 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network and subscriber station |
PCT/DE2003/003578 WO2005046277A1 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network, in addition to a subscriber station |
AU2003291923A AU2003291923A1 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network, in addition to a subscriber station |
TW093118725A TW200515824A (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2004-06-28 | Method to operate a subscriber station in a radio network and said subscriber station |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/003578 WO2005046277A1 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network, in addition to a subscriber station |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005046277A1 true WO2005046277A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
Family
ID=34558673
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/003578 WO2005046277A1 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Method for operating a subscriber station in a radio network, in addition to a subscriber station |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2003291923A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10394360D2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200515824A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005046277A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009128060A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Yafit Zigman | A system and method for identifying and cross-referencing cellular ids and biometrical characteristics |
EP3035740A1 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-22 | Gemalto M2M GmbH | Method for operating a wireless communication device in a cellular network |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19749388A1 (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 1999-05-20 | Siemens Ag | Call connection tapping method for mobile communications network radio interface |
DE19920222A1 (en) * | 1999-05-03 | 2000-11-09 | Rohde & Schwarz | Method for identifying the user of a mobile phone or for listening to outgoing calls |
DE10051129A1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-18 | Rohde & Schwarz | Mobile telephone activation method has base station providing set-up signal for called mobile telephone replaced by channel release signal upon reception of identification parameters |
-
2003
- 2003-10-28 WO PCT/DE2003/003578 patent/WO2005046277A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-10-28 DE DE10394360T patent/DE10394360D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-28 AU AU2003291923A patent/AU2003291923A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-06-28 TW TW093118725A patent/TW200515824A/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19749388A1 (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 1999-05-20 | Siemens Ag | Call connection tapping method for mobile communications network radio interface |
DE19920222A1 (en) * | 1999-05-03 | 2000-11-09 | Rohde & Schwarz | Method for identifying the user of a mobile phone or for listening to outgoing calls |
DE10051129A1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-18 | Rohde & Schwarz | Mobile telephone activation method has base station providing set-up signal for called mobile telephone replaced by channel release signal upon reception of identification parameters |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009128060A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Yafit Zigman | A system and method for identifying and cross-referencing cellular ids and biometrical characteristics |
EP3035740A1 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-22 | Gemalto M2M GmbH | Method for operating a wireless communication device in a cellular network |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003291923A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
TW200515824A (en) | 2005-05-01 |
DE10394360D2 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
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