WO2005040526A1 - Formwork system - Google Patents

Formwork system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005040526A1
WO2005040526A1 PCT/EP2004/011880 EP2004011880W WO2005040526A1 WO 2005040526 A1 WO2005040526 A1 WO 2005040526A1 EP 2004011880 W EP2004011880 W EP 2004011880W WO 2005040526 A1 WO2005040526 A1 WO 2005040526A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formwork
elements
hook
connection
another
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2004/011880
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arthur Schwörer
Original Assignee
Peri Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peri Gmbh filed Critical Peri Gmbh
Publication of WO2005040526A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005040526A1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/04Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/001Corner fastening or connecting means for forming or stiffening elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/02Connecting or fastening means for non-metallic forming or stiffening elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a formwork system for concrete buildings with a plurality of formwork elements which form a formwork surface and which can be mounted adjacent to one another and which can be detachably connected to one another in their adjoining areas.
  • Formwork systems of this type are known from the prior art in various embodiments. They are used on construction sites of various sizes in order to define limited volumes in the construction of reinforced concrete shell structures using formwork areas, which are then filled with liquid concrete. After the concrete has solidified, the formwork elements are then removed again, whereupon they are generally reusable for the construction of further formwork.
  • walls, columns, foundations, shafts and the like can be made from concrete and reinforced concrete.
  • connection of individual formwork elements to form the desired formwork surfaces is usually carried out by separate, for example clip-like, connection elements, which the installer must install in the region of adjacent longitudinal sides of two formwork elements to be connected, the use of a tool usually being required for this .
  • An object of the invention is to design a formwork system of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the connection of formwork elements which are adjacent to one another can be accomplished with as little effort as possible.
  • At least one formwork element is provided on two opposite longitudinal sides with at least one Halcenelement which can be hooked gselement with an adjacent Schalu element.
  • connection between two adjacent elements can only be established by means of a hook connection without additional connecting elements.
  • this reduces the production costs of the formwork, since the production of separate connecting elements can be dispensed with without replacement.
  • there is an additional reduction in labor costs, as for attaching and removing separate fasteners Setting up and dismantling the formwork does not require any working time.
  • storage and transport costs are of course reduced compared to formwork systems that work with separate connecting elements.
  • hook elements extend over at least substantially the entire long sides of the formwork element. This measure ensures that two interconnected sounding elements are fixed to one another in their relative position to one another along a large part or along the entire length of their long sides. This means that the two formwork elements cannot move relative to one another when the concrete is being poured in and solidified.
  • a similar effect can alternatively be achieved in that a plurality of hook elements are provided along the long sides of the formwork elements, which are in particular equidistantly spaced from one another. If a sufficient number of hook elements are provided along the long sides of the formwork elements, good fixation of formwork elements coupled to one another can also be achieved relative to one another.
  • formwork elements which are designed as special corner elements. These are either one-piece corner elements, the two long sides of which are provided according to the invention with hook elements for coupling to adjacent formwork elements, or two- or three-part corner elements, the individual parts of which can also be hooked together according to the invention.
  • formwork elements hooked to one another directly or via an intermediate part form an angle not equal to 180 °, in particular an angle of 90 ° or 270 °, in the area of the formwork surface.
  • the hook elements according to the invention can be integrally formed or attached to opposite longitudinal sides of the formwork elements and can be formed in particular by profiles which close the formwork elements on their long sides. This advantageously means that the hook elements together with the formwork elements each form manageable units as a whole, so that the fitter is not burdened by the connection between the formwork elements and hook elements, since this connection is already made in the factory before being transported to the construction site can.
  • the hook elements are formed by profiles coupled to the actual formwork element, particularly cost-effective production of the hook elements becomes possible, for example by means of an extrusion or rolling process.
  • the coupling of such hook elements with the actual formwork elements can be produced in any way, for example by means of welding, screwing or riveting.
  • a particularly good connection between adjoining formwork elements can be achieved if the mutually opposite hook elements of a formwork element are complementary to one another. Since in this case hook elements which are complementary to one another always engage in one another, there is at least in some areas a flat hook connection between hook elements coupled to one another, which is of course more stable than a hook connection which, for example, only works with a point or line contact.
  • each hook element has two undercuts.
  • the two undercuts of a hook element can face each other, while the undercuts of a complementary hook element face away from each other.
  • a first interlocking can be created in the area facing the formwork surface and a second interlocking in the area of the formwork elements facing away from the formwork surface, so that there is a particularly tensile connection between the interlinked formwork elements.
  • the tensile forces absorbed by hook connections run perpendicular to the long sides of the formwork elements parallel to the formwork surface. Among other things, ensures that the formwork elements are coupled to one another in a tensile manner, in particular in the area of the formwork surface, so that no joint or gap can arise between adjacent formwork elements.
  • the hook connection between two formwork elements can be established by first bringing two interacting hook elements into engagement with one another, whereupon the two other interacting hook elements can then be brought into engagement with one another simply by pivoting movement of one of the two formwork elements.
  • the swiveling movement takes place in such a way that the formwork surfaces of the two formwork elements to be connected together form an angle greater than 180 ° with one another at the start of the swiveling movement and the swiveling movement is continued until the angle mentioned is 180 °, so that the two formwork surfaces of both Formwork elements are ultimately located on one level.
  • the release of two formwork elements coupled to one another can take place in the reverse order to the connection principle explained above, ie by a swiveling movement, after completion of which the two hook elements still hooked together can be released from one another.
  • the hook connection between two adjacent formwork elements can be established and / or released by the above-described movements of either one or the other formwork element, since only the relative movement between the two formwork elements concerned is relevant for establishing or releasing the connection. In this way, different spatial conditions can be taken into account when assembling or disassembling the formwork system.
  • the use of the formwork system according to the invention is particularly expedient when a large part of the formwork elements forming a formwork is provided on two opposite longitudinal sides with at least one hook element, which can be hooked onto an adjacent formwork element. It is particularly preferred if, with the exception of only one or fewer seam elements, all formwork elements of a formwork are provided on both sides with hook elements of the type described.
  • the seam element by means of which a circumferential formwork surface is ultimately closed, must be designed differently, at least on one of its two longitudinal sides, than the formwork elements according to the invention, which are provided on both sides with hook elements.
  • the differently designed long side of the seam element is last coupled to the long side of an adjacent formwork element when the formwork is erected, and is first detached from the adjacent formwork element when dismantling a formwork.
  • a long side of the seam element is designed analogously to the corresponding long side of a formwork element according to the invention, that is to say with at least one hook element.
  • This long side of the seam element can then be coupled to the adjacent formwork element as well as the formwork elements according to the invention to one another.
  • the other long side of the seam element cannot have a corresponding hook shape, since when the last formwork element of a circumferential formwork is introduced, it is not possible to establish a hook connection on both sides of the last formwork or seam element introduced by the pivoting movement explained above.
  • the other side of the seam element must have an alternative design, which enables the seam or formwork element that was last inserted into a peripheral formwork to be pivoted completely into the plane of the formwork surface.
  • it must be ensured that the seam element is flush with the adjacent formwork elements on both long sides, in order to ensure a largely step-free transition between the adjacent elements.
  • said long side of the seam element can be coupled to the long side of the adjacent formwork element, which has a hook element, by means of one or more separate connecting elements. It is advantageous if these connecting elements are designed as clips, in particular as one-piece spring steel clips.
  • the formwork elements can be provided with at least one guide, which align adjacent formwork elements to one another during the connection process in a direction running parallel to the connection area.
  • a formwork element to be coupled to one another previously used in formwork systems that has been customary to date, which requires great effort or the use of tools such as angle iron, can thus be avoided according to the invention.
  • Said guide can be designed, for example, as an inclined guide, which is in particular only present on one long side of a formwork element.
  • Such an inclined guide can consist of two spaced-apart elements which protrude from the long side of the formwork element and run towards one another in a funnel shape towards the long side.
  • the formwork elements are then automatically aligned relative to one another during the pivoting movement described above, since one formwork element is located within the funnel-shaped guides of the other formwork element in the direction of the taper of the funnel, so that the alignment is automatically and inevitably adjusted.
  • the inner and outer formwork of a wall formwork can be connected to one another by means of so-called anchors and fixed at a predetermined distance from one another, which ultimately corresponds to the wall thickness to be produced.
  • anchors for such anchors can be provided on the longitudinal sides of the formwork elements which can be coupled to one another, in particular two adjacent, semicircular recesses with longitudinal sides coupled to one another forming a single anchor hole.
  • These two semicircular recesses can be aligned with one another in particular by the guides or oblique guides explained above, so that they ultimately form a circular opening through which a bolt-shaped anchor can be pushed.
  • FIG. 1 shows three formwork elements of a possible embodiment of a formwork system according to the invention in a cross-sectional view, a first formwork element being connected to a second formwork element and a third formwork element being shown in a position in which it is not yet coupled to the first formwork element, 2 shows a representation according to FIG. 1, the third formwork element being partially hooked with the first formwork element,
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are a representation according to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein the first and third formwork element are completely hooked together
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional representation of a region of a formwork system according to the invention with two formwork surfaces lying opposite one another
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of three formwork elements connected according to the invention, a seam element being arranged between two standard formwork elements,
  • FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of the representation according to FIG. 5 with a separate connecting element which couples one side of the seam element to a standard formwork element
  • 7a is a plan view of two formwork elements which are almost completely coupled to one another with a guide for mutually aligning adjacent formwork elements
  • FIG. 7b shows a detailed view of FIG. 7a, which shows the region having the guide
  • FIG. 8 shows, in cross-sectional representation, three formwork elements coupled to one another, which on the one hand have an angle of 90 ° in the area of their formwork surfaces and on the other hand an angle of Include 270 ° with each other, one of these formwork elements being constructed in two parts.
  • first formwork element 1 shows in cross section a first formwork element 1, a second formwork element 2 and a third formwork element 3, the first formwork element 1 in the manner according to the invention with two opposite longitudinal sides 4, 5 each with a hook element 6, 7 is provided.
  • the second and third formwork elements 2, 3 are designed analogously to the first formwork element 1, but are only shown in regions in FIG. 1. Accordingly, only the long side 5 'with the hook element 7' can be seen from the second formwork element 2 and only the long side 4 'with the hook element 6' from the third formwork element 3.
  • first and the second formwork element 1, 2 are completely coupled to one another via their hook elements 6, 7 ', whereas the hook elements 7, 6' of the first and third formwork element 1, 3 are not yet in engagement with one another are located.
  • the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 each consist of a base body with an inner side 8 and an outer side 9 ultimately forming the formwork surface, the inner side 8 and the outer side 9 each being formed by a flat, flat element which extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • Inner side 8 and outer side 9 are each connected to one another with sloping webs 10 in order to give the base body of the formwork elements, which consists of inner side 8, outer side 9, and webs 10, sufficient stability.
  • the base body 8, 9, 10 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3, like the hook elements 6, &, 7, 7 ', is preferably made of metal.
  • the hook element 6, 6 ' is formed directly on the base body 8, 9, 10 in the region of the longitudinal sides 4, 4', so that it can preferably be produced together with the base body 8, 9, 10 in a single operation.
  • the other hook element 6, 6 ' comprises an essentially rectangular base profile 11, 11' in cross section, which extends perpendicular to the inside 8 and the outside 9, wherein it has dimensions in the extension direction mentioned that are approximately twice as large like the distance between the inside 8 and the outside 9.
  • the base profile 11, 11 ' has a flush transition to the inside 8, which is followed by a hook-shaped recess 12, 12'.
  • a hook-shaped extension 13, 13 ' is formed on the base profile 11, 11', which extends away from the long side 4, 4 'in the direction of the next formwork element 2 and 1, respectively.
  • the hook-shaped extension 13, 13 'and the hook-shaped recess 12, 12' each have an undercut, which face away from each other.
  • the hook elements 7, 7 'complementary to the hook elements 6, 6' are formed by an insertion profile 14, 14 'which is inserted into the space between the inside 8 and the outside 9 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 and in a suitable manner the inside 8 and / or the outside 9 is connected.
  • the insertion profile 14, 14 ' has on its side facing away from the base body 8, 9, 10 of the formwork element 1, 2 an essentially C-shaped cross section, which in each case has an undercut in its end regions, as is customary with a C profile 15, 15 ', 16, 16', the undercuts 15, 16 and 15 ', 16' facing each other.
  • the insertion profile 14, 14 ' is formed in the region of the undercut 15, 15' in such a way that there is a flush transition between the insertion profile 14, 14 'and the inside 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3.
  • the insertion profile 14, 14 ' has, after the undercut 15, 15', a step-shaped recess 17, 17 ', the depth of which corresponds to the material thickness of the surface element which forms the inside 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3.
  • the hook elements 6, 6 'and 7, 7' with the hook-shaped recesses 12, 12 ', the hook-shaped extensions 13, 13' and the undercuts 15, 15 ', 16, 16' each extend perpendicular to the drawing plane over the entire Height of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 or over the entire length of the long sides 4, 4 ', 5, 5' of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3.
  • the hook-shaped extensions 13, 13 'and the undercuts 16, 16 are designed to be complementary to one another, so that they are hooked together with formwork elements 1, 2, 3 for completely coupled, with hook-shaped extensions 13, 13' and the undercuts 16, 16 'in the case of formwork elements 1, 2, 3 which are completely coupled to one another preferably results in a flat contact.
  • the hook-shaped recesses 12, 12 'and the undercuts 15, 15' are introduced into the base profile 11, 11 'or the insertion profile 14, 14' in such a way that when the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 are completely coupled together, there is a flush, smooth transition between those surfaces of the base profile 11, 11 'and the insertion profile 14, 14' on the one hand and the inner sides 8 on the other hand, which run in the same plane as the inner sides 8.
  • the hook connection shown in FIG. 2 between the hook-shaped extension 13 'of the third formwork element 3 and the undercut 16 of the first formwork element 1 is produced in a first step.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates this hook connection immediately after its production. In this position, the outer sides 9 of the formwork elements 1, 3 enclose an angle of less than 180 °, in particular an angle between 90 ° and 160 °.
  • the third formwork element 3 can be pivoted relative to the first formwork element 1 about an axis running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in the direction of the arrow.
  • the said pivot axis runs in a plane along which the hook-shaped extension 13 ′ and the undercut 16 touch.
  • Said pivoting movement can be continued while maintaining the hook connection between the hook-shaped extension 13 'and the undercut fertilizer 16 until the hook-shaped recess 12' of the third shuttering element 3 engages behind the undercut 15 of the first shuttering element 1. If the pivoting movement continues, while maintaining the hook connection between the hook-shaped extension 13 'and the undercut 16, it is achieved that the areas of the insert profile 14 and the base profile 11' facing the inner sides 8 of the formwork elements 1, 3 touch, which is exactly what happens, if the inner sides 8 of the two formwork elements 1, 3 are in the same plane. This position is shown in Fig. 3. From Fig.
  • connection between the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 is designed in such a way that no translatory forces acting in the plane of the drawing can lead to a relative movement between the formwork elements 1, 2, 3.
  • a release of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 from one another can only be achieved by the pivoting movements mentioned, it being particularly advantageous when dismantling formwork that according to the invention either one formwork element relative to the other formwork element or the other formwork element relative to one formwork element can be pivoted. Depending on the installation situation, it can thus be decided which formwork element is to be pivoted with respect to the formwork element coupled or to be coupled to it.
  • the formwork elements 1, 3 can be detached from one another in the reverse order of the coupling of the formwork elements 1, 3 described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • F'ig. 4 shows in the lower area an arrangement of three formwork elements 1, 2, 3 completely coupled to one another, which corresponds to the arrangement according to FIG. 3. 4, three further formwork elements 1 ', 2', 3 'are arranged in a mirror-inverted arrangement to the formwork elements 1, 2, 3, which are also completely coupled to one another.
  • the inner sides 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 face the inner sides 8 'of the formwork elements 1', 2 ', 3', so that a space 18 is formed between the inner sides 8 ', 8', which is used to hold steel elements and liquid Concrete is suitable.
  • a reinforced concrete wall can be produced, the thickness of which corresponds to the distance between the inner sides 8, 8 '.
  • This reinforced concrete wall is characterized by a particularly smooth, step-free and groove-free surface on both sides, since between the inner sides 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 and between the inner sides 8 'of the formwork elements 1', 2 ', 3' in each case flush, smooth transitions exist.
  • the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 are connected in practice to the opposite formwork elements 1 ', 2', 3 'by means of so-called anchors, in order to fix the distance between the inner sides 8, 8'.
  • anchors preferably run in the area of the connection points between the individual formwork elements, but are not shown in FIG. 4 for reasons of clarity.
  • 5 again shows in cross section three formwork elements which are completely coupled to one another, the two outer formwork elements 2, 3 being formwork elements which are identical to the formwork elements described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the formwork element located between the two formwork elements 2, 3 is designed as a seam element 19, the longitudinal side facing the formwork element 3 with base profile 11, hook-shaped extension 13 and hook-shaped recess 12 being identical to the long side 4, 4 'of the other formwork elements 2, 3 is designed.
  • This makes it possible to couple the seam element 19 with the adjoining formwork element 3 in exactly the same way as has already been described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. The same applies to the detachment of the seam element 19 from the formwork element 3.
  • the seam element 19 differs from the other formwork elements 1, 2, 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 3, which can be used as standard, by the formation of the long side which faces the formwork element 2.
  • the design of this long side and its coupling to the formwork element 2 is shown in detail in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6 shows that the long side of the formwork element 2 facing the seam element 19 is designed in the same way as one of the long sides 4, 4 ′ described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. Accordingly, the long side of the formwork element 2 has a hook-shaped extension 13 and a hook-shaped recess 12, which are each formed on a base profile 11.
  • the long side of the seam element 19 facing the formwork element 2 in contrast to the long sides 5, 5 ', which in connection with the flg.
  • the formwork elements described do not have a C-shaped insertion profile with two mutually facing undercuts, but an alternative insertion profile 20, which is formed in the area of the inner sides 8 of the formwork element 2 and the seam element 19 in the same way as those insertion profiles 14, 14 ', which were explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. Accordingly, the insert profile 20 of the seam element 19 has an undercut 15 "in its area facing the inside 8, which corresponds to the undercut 15, 15 'of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the insert profile 20 is analogous to the insert profile 14, 14 'is provided with a step-shaped recess 17 "in order to ensure a flush, smooth transition between the inside 8 of the seam element 19 and that region of the insertion profile 20 which runs in the plane of the inside 8. Accordingly, when the seam element 19 is connected to the formwork element 2, a smooth, flush, groove-free and step-free transition can again be achieved between the inner sides 8 of the formwork element 2 and the seam element 19 or insertion profile 20.
  • the insertion profile 20 In its area facing away from the undercut 15 "and thus the inner sides 8, the insertion profile 20 does not have any further undercut facing the undercut 15", but rather only a stop surface 21 for the rear side of the hook-shaped extension 13.
  • the insertion profile 20 is therefore not suitable for encompassing both the hook-shaped recess 12 and the hook-shaped extension 13. Rather, the design of the insertion profile 20 enables the formwork element 2, which is already hooked into another formwork element with its long side, not shown in FIG. 6, can be pivoted clockwise against the seam element 19 until the inner sides 8 of the formwork element 2 and seam element 19 are located on one and the same plane.
  • the formwork element 2 can be introduced into the formwork as the last formwork element of a circumferential formwork surface.
  • the elastic clamp 22 is designed in such a way that it can encompass elements of the base profile 11 of the formwork element 2 as well as elements of the insertion profile 20 of the seam element 19 and thus fix them to one another. Due to the resilient design of the clamp 22, it can be easily applied to the elements mentioned and can also be detached from them.
  • the base profile 11 has a further extension 23 on its side facing away from the hook-shaped extension 13, which extends essentially in the opposite direction to the hook-shaped extension 13.
  • the extension 23 forms an undercut that can be gripped by the clip 22.
  • the insertion profile 20 of the seam element 19 is provided with an extension 24 which extends away from the inside 8 of the seam element 19 and which forms the stop surface 21 for the hook-shaped extension 13 on its side facing away from the inside 8.
  • the extension 24 On its side facing away from the abutment surface 21, the extension 24 has an undercut in which the clamp 22 can engage.
  • a particularly stable connection between the base profile 11 and the insertion profile 20 results from the fact that the shape of the clamp 22 is chosen such that it clings to the outside of the hook-shaped extension 13 of the base profile 11 in its position encompassing the extensions 23, 24. so that there is a flat contact.
  • the clip 22 In its end region assigned to the extension 23 of the base profile 11, the clip 22 has an ergonomically shaped grip element 25, on which the clip 22 can be gripped and released from the extension 23, so as to break the connection between the base profile 11 and the insertion profile 20.
  • circuit elements 1, 3 which are almost completely coupled to one another and which are identical to one another and can be coupled to one another in the manner according to the invention.
  • the circuit elements 1, 3 have hook elements on their long sides 4, 5 and 4 ', 5' ', which can be designed, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the formwork elements 1, 3 can also be exactly as a whole be formed, as explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the long sides 4, 5; 4 ', 5 "of the formwork elements 1, 3 have semicircular recesses 26, each longitudinal side 4, 5; 4', 5" being provided with two recesses 26 each.
  • the upper recess 26 is located approximately at the lower end of the upper quarter of the shuttering elements 1, 3, whereas the lower recess 26 is located approximately at the upper end of the lower quarter of the shuttering elements 1, 3. If the formwork elements 1, 3 are completely coupled to one another, ie if they lie even closer together than shown in FIG.
  • the semicircular recesses 26 on the long side 5 of one formwork element 1 and the semicircular recesses 26 on the long side 4 'of the other Formwork element 3 together two circular openings in the formwork surface, which can serve as anchor holes for the passage of bolt-shaped anchors.
  • the formwork elements 1, 3 are each closed by an upper end profile 27 on their top.
  • the basic profile 11 '(see FIG. 1) arranged on the long side 4' of the formwork element 3 extends further in the direction of the formwork element 1 than the upper end profile 27 of the formwork element 3.
  • the basic profile 11 ' In its end region facing the formwork element 1, the basic profile 11 'is in the region beveled at its upper end, so that there is an inclined surface 28 which slopes downward in the direction of the formwork element 1.
  • the upper end profile 27 of the formwork element 3 is dimensioned such that it does not extend into an area above the inclined surface 28.
  • the upper end profile 27 is dimensioned such that it projects beyond the insertion profile 14 in the direction of the formwork element 3 (see FIG. 1).
  • the lower edge of the upper end profile 27 of the formwork element 1 facing the formwork element 3 can thus slide along the inclined surface 28, so that during the coupling process mentioned, either the formwork element 1 is raised relative to the formwork element 3 or the formwork element is lowered 3 relative to the formwork element 1.
  • the lower ends of the long sides 5, 4 'of the formwork elements 1, 3 are designed in accordance with their upper ends (see FIG. 7b), ie there is also a corresponding lower inclined surface on the formwork element 3 side, the lower inclined surface and the upper inclined surface 28 to run on each other.
  • the two inclined surfaces mentioned enable problem-free "threading" of the formwork elements 1, 3 into one another when they are coupled together according to the invention.
  • the upper end profiles 27 of the formwork elements 1, 3 are at exactly the same height. The same applies to the mutually assigned semicircular recesses 26, which are located on the long sides 5, 4 'of the formwork elements 1, 3.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 shows three formwork elements 2, 29, 3 coupled to one another, the formwork element located between the formwork elements 2, 3 being designed as a two-part corner element 29.
  • the formwork elements 2, 3 can be designed identically to those formwork elements which were explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the corner element 29 consists of an angle part 30 and a connecting part 31, which are hooked together in the manner according to the invention.
  • the inside 8 of the formwork element 2 is extended by a first region 32 of the inside of the angle part 30.
  • a further inner side area is connected to the named inner side area 32.
  • rich 33 of the angular part 30, the two inner side regions 32, 33 enclosing an angle of 270 ° with one another.
  • the inner side region 33 of the angle part 30 is followed by the inner side 8 of the formwork element 3 on the side of the corner element 29 facing away from the formwork element 2.
  • the inside 8 of the formwork element 3 and the inside 33 of the angle part 30 enclose an angle of 90 ° with one another.
  • the angle part 30 consists of two plate elements 34 which run parallel to one another and are each angled by 90 ° and enclose a cavity 35 between them.
  • the surface of one of the two plate elements 34 forms the inner side regions 32, 33 of the angle part 30.
  • reinforcement webs which are only spaced apart and which do not form a continuous surface could possibly be used in certain applications.
  • an insertion profile 36 is inserted into the cavity 35, which in its area facing the formwork element 2 is designed exactly as the basic profile 11 described in connection with FIG. 1.
  • formwork element 2 and Angle part 3 can be coupled to one another exactly as the formwork elements 2 and 1 according to FIG. 1.
  • the angle part 30 On its side facing away from the insertion profile 36, the angle part 30 has a further insertion profile 37, which corresponds in its design exactly to the insertion profile 14, which was also explained in connection with FIG. 1.
  • a formwork element 3 could be coupled directly to the insertion profile 37, the inner side 8 of which would then run parallel to the inner side region 33 of the angle part 30.
  • Such an arrangement, which is fundamentally possible, is not shown in FIG. 8.
  • the connecting part 31 is coupled to the insertion profile 37, specifically by means of a hook-shaped extension 38 and an undercut 39, the hook-shaped extension 38 and the undercut 39 corresponding to the hook-shaped extension 13 'and the hook-shaped recess 12' which have been explained in connection with FIG. 1. Accordingly, the insertion profile 37 and the connecting part 31 can be coupled in the same way as the formwork elements 1 and 3 according to FIG. 1.
  • the connecting part 31 also has an essentially C-shaped connecting element which has two undercuts 40, 41 facing one another. These undercuts 40, 41 essentially correspond to the undercuts 15, 16 of the insertion profile 14 explained in connection with FIG. 1, so that they are suitable for coupling to the base profile 11 ′ of the formwork element 3.
  • the hook-shaped extension 38 and the undercut 39, on the one hand, and the two undercuts 40, 41, on the other hand, are oriented to one another in such a way that the inner side region 33 of the angular part 30 adjoins the inner side 8 of the formwork element 3 at an angle of 90 °.
  • this orientation could also be set so that any other angle, other than 90 °, results.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a formwork system for concrete works, comprising a plurality of formwork elements that can be mounted adjacent to one another in order to form a formwork surface, said formwork elements being releasably connectable to one another in their adjacent areas, wherein at least one formwork element (1) is provided with at least one hook element in two opposite longitudinal sides (4, 5). Said hook element can be hooked to an adjacent formwork element.

Description

Schalungssystem formwork system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schalungssystem für Betonbauten mit einer Mehrzahl von einander angrenzend montierbaren, eine Schalungsfläche bildenden Schalungselementen, welche in ihren aneinander angrenzenden Bereichen lösbar miteinander verbindbar sind.The invention relates to a formwork system for concrete buildings with a plurality of formwork elements which form a formwork surface and which can be mounted adjacent to one another and which can be detachably connected to one another in their adjoining areas.
Derartige Schalungssysteme sind aus dem Stand der Technik in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Sie werden auf Baustellen unterschiedlichster Größen eingesetzt, um bei der Erstellung von Stahlbeton- Rohbauten durch Schalungsflächen begrenzte Volumina zu definieren, die anschließend mit flüssigem Beton ausgefüllt werden. Nach dem Erstarren des Betons werden die Schalungselemente dann wieder entfernt, woraufhin sie in der Regel für den Aufbau weiterer Schalungen wiederverwendbar sind.Formwork systems of this type are known from the prior art in various embodiments. They are used on construction sites of various sizes in order to define limited volumes in the construction of reinforced concrete shell structures using formwork areas, which are then filled with liquid concrete. After the concrete has solidified, the formwork elements are then removed again, whereupon they are generally reusable for the construction of further formwork.
Auf die genante Art und Weise lassen sich beispielsweise Wände, Säulen, Fundamente, Schächte und dergleichen aus Beton und Stahlbeton erzeugen.In this way, for example, walls, columns, foundations, shafts and the like can be made from concrete and reinforced concrete.
Die Verbindung einzelner Schalungselemente zur Bildung jeweils gewünschter Schalungsflächen erfolgt gemäß Stand der Technik in der Regel durch separate, beispielsweise klammerartige Verbindungselemente, die vom Monteur im Bereich aneinander angrenzender Längsseiten zweier zu verbindender Schalungselemente angebracht werden müssen, wobei hierfür üblicherweise die Verwendung eines Werkzeugs zwingend erforderlich ist. Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Schalungssystem der eingangs genannten Art derart auszubilden, dass sich das Verbinden aneinander angrenzender Schalungselemente mit möglichst geringem Aufwand bewerkstelligen lässt.According to the state of the art, the connection of individual formwork elements to form the desired formwork surfaces is usually carried out by separate, for example clip-like, connection elements, which the installer must install in the region of adjacent longitudinal sides of two formwork elements to be connected, the use of a tool usually being required for this , An object of the invention is to design a formwork system of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the connection of formwork elements which are adjacent to one another can be accomplished with as little effort as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass zumindest ein Schalungselement an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten mit zumindest einem Halcenelement versehen ist, welches mit jeweils einem angrenzenden Schalu gselement verhakbar ist.This object is achieved in that at least one formwork element is provided on two opposite longitudinal sides with at least one Halcenelement which can be hooked gselement with an adjacent Schalu element.
Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung von Schalungselementen wird erreicht, dass aneinander angrenzende Schalungselemente durch ein einfaches, wechselseitiges Verhaken, insbesondere ohne die Zuhilfenahme von Werkzeugen, miteinander verbunden werden können. Auf diese Art und Weise lässt sich cier Verbindungsvorgang gegenüber bisher bekannten Schalungssystemen deutlich beschleunigen, was bei der Erstellung von Rohbauten zu einer erheblichen Kostenreduzierung führt, da der Lohnkostenanteil für das Herstellen von Schalungen einen wesentlichen Teil, manchmal bis zu 50 % der gesamten Rohbaukosten einnimmt. Die- ser Lohnkostenanteil lässt sich durch eine Verkürzung der für das Herstellen von Verbindungen zwischen Schalungselementen erforderlichen Arbeitszeit erheblich verringern.This inventive design of formwork elements ensures that adjacent formwork elements can be connected to one another by a simple, mutual hooking, in particular without the aid of tools. In this way, the connection process can be significantly accelerated compared to previously known formwork systems, which leads to a considerable reduction in costs when building unfinished buildings, since the wage cost share for the manufacture of formwork takes up a substantial part, sometimes up to 50%, of the total structural work costs. This share of labor costs can be significantly reduced by shortening the working time required to make connections between formwork elements.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Verbindung zwischen zwei aneinan- der angrenzenden Sctialungselementen ausschließlich mittels einer Hakverbindung ohne zusätzliche Verbindungselemente herstellbar ist. Dies verringert zum einen die Produktionskosten der Schalung, da auf die Herstellung separater Verbindungselemente ersatzlos verzichtet werden kann. Zum anderen ergibt sich eine zusätzliche Reduzierung der Lohnkosten, da für das Anbringen und Entfernen separater Verbindungselemente beim Aufstellen und Abbauen der Schalung keine Arbeitszeit aufgewendet werden muss. Zudem werden natürlich auch Lager- und Transportkosten gegenüber solchen Schalungssystemen verringert, die mit separaten Verbindungselementen arbeiten.It is particularly preferred if the connection between two adjacent elements can only be established by means of a hook connection without additional connecting elements. On the one hand, this reduces the production costs of the formwork, since the production of separate connecting elements can be dispensed with without replacement. On the other hand, there is an additional reduction in labor costs, as for attaching and removing separate fasteners Setting up and dismantling the formwork does not require any working time. In addition, storage and transport costs are of course reduced compared to formwork systems that work with separate connecting elements.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, wenn sich die Hakenelemente über zumindest im Wesentlichen die gesamten Längsseiten des Schalungselements erstrecken. Durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, dass zwei miteinander verbundene Schallingselemente in ihrer Relativposition zueinander ent- lang eines Großteils oder entlang der gesamten Länge ihrer Längsseiten unveränderlich zueinander fixiert sind. Dies bedingt, dass sich die beiden Schalungselemente beim Einbringen und Erstarren des Betons relativ zueinander nicht bewegen können.It is particularly advantageous if the hook elements extend over at least substantially the entire long sides of the formwork element. This measure ensures that two interconnected sounding elements are fixed to one another in their relative position to one another along a large part or along the entire length of their long sides. This means that the two formwork elements cannot move relative to one another when the concrete is being poured in and solidified.
Ein ähnlicher Effekt kann alternativ dadurch erzielt werden, dass entlang der Längsseiten der Schalungselemente jeweils eine Mehrzahl von Hakenelementen vorgesehen werden, welche insbesondere äquidistant voneinander beabstandet sind. Wenn ausreichend viele Hakenelemente entlang der Längsseiten der Schalungselemente vorgesehen werden, kann eben- falls eine gute Fixierung miteinander gekoppelter Schalungselemente relativ zueinander erreicht werden.A similar effect can alternatively be achieved in that a plurality of hook elements are provided along the long sides of the formwork elements, which are in particular equidistantly spaced from one another. If a sufficient number of hook elements are provided along the long sides of the formwork elements, good fixation of formwork elements coupled to one another can also be achieved relative to one another.
Mit beiden vorstellend erläuterten Alternativen ist es möglich, auf der Innenseite der Schalung im Bereich der Schalungsfläche einen bündigen Übergang zwischen zwei miteinander verhakten Schalungselementen zu realisieren. Dies ermöglicht letztlich die Herstellung einer weitestgehend stufen- und nutfreien Betonwandfläche, welche beispielsweise ohne weitere Vorbehandlung direkt tapeziert werden kann. Bisher übliche Spachtelvorgänge können in diesem Fall somit entfallen. Der erwähnte Vorteil ei- ner weitestgehend stufen- und nutfreien, glatten Betonwandfläche lässt sich insbesondere dann erreichen, wenn die Hakverbindung zwischen zwei miteinander gekoppelten Sclnalungselementen derart ausgelegt wird, dass sie zur Übertragung von Kraftkomponenten zwischen den miteinander verhakten Schalungselementen geeignet ist, welche parallel und senkrecht zur Schalungsfläche wirken. In diesem Fall können insbesondere durch die eingebrachte Betonmasse bewirkte Zug- und Druckkräfte nicht zu Relativbewegungen zwischen zwei miteinander gekoppelten Schalungselementen führen.With both of the alternatives explained above, it is possible to implement a flush transition between two formwork elements hooked together on the inside of the formwork in the area of the formwork surface. Ultimately, this enables the production of a largely step-free and groove-free concrete wall surface, which can be wallpapered directly, for example, without further pretreatment. In this case, previously usual filling operations can be omitted. The mentioned advantage of a largely step- and groove-free, smooth concrete wall surface leaves can be achieved in particular if the hook connection between two coupling elements coupled to one another is designed in such a way that it is suitable for transmitting force components between the interlocked formwork elements, which act parallel and perpendicular to the formwork surface. In this case, tensile and compressive forces caused, in particular, by the concrete mass introduced cannot lead to relative movements between two formwork elements coupled to one another.
Um umlaufende Schalungen erzeugen zu können, ist es nötig, erfindungsgemäß auch Schalungselemente vorzusehen, die als spezielle Eckelemente ausgebildet werden. Hierbei handelt es sich entweder um einstückig ausgebildete Eckelemente, deren beiden Längsseiten erfindungsgemäß mit Hakenelementen zur Kopplung mit angrenzenden Schalungselementen versehen werden, oder um zwei- oder dreiteilige Eckelemente, deren Einzelteile ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß miteinander verhakbar sind. In letztgenanntem Fall schließen zwei direkt oder über ein Zwischenteil miteinander verhakte Schalungselemente im Bereich der Schalungsfläche einen Winkel ungleich 180°, insbesondere einen Winkel von 90° oder 270°, mit- einander ein.In order to be able to produce all-round formwork, it is necessary, according to the invention, to also provide formwork elements which are designed as special corner elements. These are either one-piece corner elements, the two long sides of which are provided according to the invention with hook elements for coupling to adjacent formwork elements, or two- or three-part corner elements, the individual parts of which can also be hooked together according to the invention. In the latter case, two formwork elements hooked to one another directly or via an intermediate part form an angle not equal to 180 °, in particular an angle of 90 ° or 270 °, in the area of the formwork surface.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Hakenelemente können an gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten der Schalungselemente angeformt oder angebracht sein und insbesondere durch Profile gebildet werden, welche die Schalungselemente an ihren Längsseiten abschließen. Dies bedingt auf vorteilhafte Weise, dass die Hakenelemente gemeinsam mit den Schalungselementen jeweils als Ganzes handhabbare Einheiten bilden, so dass der Monteur nicht durch die Herstellung der Verbindung zwischen Schalungselementen und Hakenelementen belastet wird, da diese Verbindung bereits werksseitig vor dem Transport auf die Baustelle vorgenommen werden kann. Wenn die Hakenelemente durch mit dem eigentlichen Schalungselement gekoppelte Profile gebildet sind, wird eine besonders kostengünstige Herstellung der Hakenelemente, beispielsweise mittels eines Strangpress- oder Walzverfahrens möglich. Die Kopplung derartiger Hakenelemente mit den ei- gentlichen Schalungselementen kann auf beliebige Arten, beispielsweise mittels Schweißen, Schrauben oder Nieten hergestellt werden. Insbesondere ist es auch möglich, die eigentlichen Schalungselemente gemeinsam mit den angeformten Hakenelementen in einem gemeinsamen Fertigungs- prozess, beispielsweise wiederum mit einem Strangpress- oder Walzver- fahren, zu erzeugen.The hook elements according to the invention can be integrally formed or attached to opposite longitudinal sides of the formwork elements and can be formed in particular by profiles which close the formwork elements on their long sides. This advantageously means that the hook elements together with the formwork elements each form manageable units as a whole, so that the fitter is not burdened by the connection between the formwork elements and hook elements, since this connection is already made in the factory before being transported to the construction site can. If the hook elements are formed by profiles coupled to the actual formwork element, particularly cost-effective production of the hook elements becomes possible, for example by means of an extrusion or rolling process. The coupling of such hook elements with the actual formwork elements can be produced in any way, for example by means of welding, screwing or riveting. In particular, it is also possible to produce the actual formwork elements together with the molded hook elements in a common manufacturing process, for example again using an extrusion or rolling process.
Eine besonders gute Verbindung zwischen aneinander angrenzenden Schalungselementen lässt sich erreichen, wenn die einander gegenüberliegenden Hakenelemente eines Schalungselements komplementär zuein- ander ausgebildet sind. Da in diesem Fall immer komplementär zueinander ausgebildete Hakenelemente ineinander eingreifen, ergibt sich zumindest bereichsweise eine flächige Hakverbindung zwischen miteinander gekoppelten Hakenelementen, welche natürlich stabiler ist, als eine Hakverbindung, welche beispielsweise lediglich mit einer Punkt- oder Linienbe- rührung arbeitet.A particularly good connection between adjoining formwork elements can be achieved if the mutually opposite hook elements of a formwork element are complementary to one another. Since in this case hook elements which are complementary to one another always engage in one another, there is at least in some areas a flat hook connection between hook elements coupled to one another, which is of course more stable than a hook connection which, for example, only works with a point or line contact.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn jedes Hakenelement zwei Hinterschnei- dungen aufweist. Dabei können die beiden Hinterschneidungen eines Hakenelements einander zugewandt sein, während die Hinterschneidungen eines komplementär hierzu ausgebildeten Hakenelements voneinander abgewandt sind.It is particularly preferred if each hook element has two undercuts. The two undercuts of a hook element can face each other, while the undercuts of a complementary hook element face away from each other.
Durch eine doppelte Verhakung aneinander angrenzender Haken- bzw. Schalungselemente mittels zweier Hinterschneidungen pro Hakenelement lassen sich folgende Wirkungen bzw. Effekte erzielen: Es kann eine erste Verhakung in dem der Schalungsfläche zugewandten Bereich und eine zweite Verhakung in dem der Schalungsfläche abgewandten Bereich der Schalungselemente erzeugt werden, so dass sich eine besonders zugfeste Verbindung zwischen den mit- einander gekoppelten Schalungselementen ergibt. Die durch dieThe following effects can be achieved by double hooking adjacent hook or formwork elements by means of two undercuts per hook element: A first interlocking can be created in the area facing the formwork surface and a second interlocking in the area of the formwork elements facing away from the formwork surface, so that there is a particularly tensile connection between the interlinked formwork elements. The through the
Hakverbindungen aufgenommenen Zugkräfte verlaufen dabei senkrecht zu den Längsseiten der Schalungselemente parallel zur Scha- lungsfläche. Es wird somit u.a. sichergestellt, dass die Schalungselemente insbesondere im Bereich der Schalungsfläche zugfest mit- einander gekoppelt sind, so dass sich zwischen aneinander angrenzenden Schalungselementen keine Fuge bzw. kein Spalt ergeben kann.The tensile forces absorbed by hook connections run perpendicular to the long sides of the formwork elements parallel to the formwork surface. Among other things, ensures that the formwork elements are coupled to one another in a tensile manner, in particular in the area of the formwork surface, so that no joint or gap can arise between adjacent formwork elements.
Die Hakverbindung zwischen zwei Schalungselementen kann hergestellt werden, indem zuerst zwei miteinander zusammenwirkende Hakenelemente miteinander in Eingriff gebracht werden, woraufhin dann durch eine reine Schwenkbewegung eines der beiden Schalungselemente die beiden anderen, miteinander zusammenwirkenden Hakenelemente miteinander in Eingriff gebracht werden können. Die Schwenkbewegung erfolgt dabei derart, dass die Scha- lungsflächen der beiden miteinander zu verbindenden Schalungselemente zu Beginn der Schwenkbewegung einen Winkel größer 180° miteinander einschließen und die Schwenkbewegung solange fortgesetzt wird, bis der genannte Winkel 180° beträgt, so dass sich die beiden Schalungsflächen beider Schalungselemente letztlich in- nerhalb einer Ebene befinden.The hook connection between two formwork elements can be established by first bringing two interacting hook elements into engagement with one another, whereupon the two other interacting hook elements can then be brought into engagement with one another simply by pivoting movement of one of the two formwork elements. The swiveling movement takes place in such a way that the formwork surfaces of the two formwork elements to be connected together form an angle greater than 180 ° with one another at the start of the swiveling movement and the swiveling movement is continued until the angle mentioned is 180 °, so that the two formwork surfaces of both Formwork elements are ultimately located on one level.
Das Lösen zweier miteinander gekoppelter Schalungselemente kann in umgekehrter Reihenfolge zu dem vorstehend erläuterten Verbindungsprinzip erfolgen, d.h. durch eine Schwenkbewegung, nach deren Abschluss die beiden miteinander noch verhakten Hakenele- mente voneinander gelöst werden können. Die Hakverbindung zwischen zwei aneinander angrenzenden Schalungselementen kann durch die vorstehend erläuterten Bewegungen wahlweise des einen oder des anderen Schalungselements hergestellt und/ oder gelöst werden, da für das Herstellen oder Lösen der Verbindung ausschließlich die Relativbewegung zwischen den beiden betroffenen Schalungselementen relevant ist. Auf diese Weise kann unterschiedlichen räumlicrien Gegebenheiten bei der Montage bzw. Demontage des Schalungssystems Rechnung getragen werden.The release of two formwork elements coupled to one another can take place in the reverse order to the connection principle explained above, ie by a swiveling movement, after completion of which the two hook elements still hooked together can be released from one another. The hook connection between two adjacent formwork elements can be established and / or released by the above-described movements of either one or the other formwork element, since only the relative movement between the two formwork elements concerned is relevant for establishing or releasing the connection. In this way, different spatial conditions can be taken into account when assembling or disassembling the formwork system.
Vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn zwei aneinander angrenzende Schalungselemente in ihrer fertig montierten Position unter Vorspannung miteinander verhakt sind, wobei die Vorspannung insbesondere durch ein im Bereich der Hakverbindung vorgesehenes elastisches Dichtelement bewirkbar ist. Durch eine Verhakung unter Vorspannung kann eine besonders dichte Verbindung miteinander gekoppelter Schalungselemente erreicht werden, die ein Eindringen von flüssigem Beton in einen eventuellen Zwischenraum zwischen gekoppelten Schalungselementen zuverlässig verhindert.It is also advantageous if two adjoining formwork elements are hooked together in their fully assembled position under pre-tension, the pre-tension being able to be brought about in particular by an elastic sealing element provided in the area of the hook connection. By hooking under prestressing, a particularly tight connection of formwork elements coupled to one another can be achieved, which reliably prevents liquid concrete from penetrating into a possible space between the coupled formwork elements.
Besonders sinnvoll ist der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystems dann, wenn ein Großteil der eine Schalung bildenden Schalungselemente an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten mit zumindest einem Hakenelement versehen ist, welches mit jeweils einem angrenzenden Schalungselement verhakbar ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn mit Ausnahme nur eines oder weniger Nahtelemente alle Schalungselemente einer Schalung beidseitig mit Hakenelementen der beschriebenen Art versehen sind.The use of the formwork system according to the invention is particularly expedient when a large part of the formwork elements forming a formwork is provided on two opposite longitudinal sides with at least one hook element, which can be hooked onto an adjacent formwork element. It is particularly preferred if, with the exception of only one or fewer seam elements, all formwork elements of a formwork are provided on both sides with hook elements of the type described.
So wird es möglich, beispielsweise mit Ausnahme eines einzigen Nahtele- ments alle Schalungselemente einer herzustellenden umlaufenden Scha- lung auf die erfindungsgemäße Art und Weise miteinander zu verbinden, so dass eine solche umlaufende Schalung besonders einfach, kostengünstig und schnell herstellbar ist.This makes it possible, for example, with the exception of a single seam element, for all formwork elements of a revolving formwork to be produced. to connect with each other in the manner according to the invention, so that such a rotating formwork is particularly simple, inexpensive and quick to produce.
Das Nahtelement, mittels welchem eine umlaufende Schalungsfläche letztlich geschlossen wird, muss zumindest an einer seiner beiden Längsseiten anders ausgebildet sein, als die erfindungsgemäßen Schalungselemente, welche beidseitig mit Hakenelementen versehen sind. Die anders ausgebildete Längsseite des Nahtelements wird beim Aufstellen der Schalung zuletzt mit der Längsseite eines angrenzenden Schalungselements gekoppelt und beim Abbauen einer Schalung als erstes vom angrenzenden Schalungselement gelöst.The seam element, by means of which a circumferential formwork surface is ultimately closed, must be designed differently, at least on one of its two longitudinal sides, than the formwork elements according to the invention, which are provided on both sides with hook elements. The differently designed long side of the seam element is last coupled to the long side of an adjacent formwork element when the formwork is erected, and is first detached from the adjacent formwork element when dismantling a formwork.
Bevorzugt ist es, wenn eine Längsseite des Nahtelements analog zur ent- sprechenden Längsseite eines erfindungsgemäßen Schalungselements, also mit zumindest einem Hakenelement, ausgebildet ist. Diese Längsseite des Nahtelements kann dann ebenso mit dem angrenzenden Schalungselement gekoppelt werden, wie die erfindungsgemäßen Schalungselemente untereinander. Die andere Längsseite des Nahtelements kann dabei je- doch keine entsprechende Hakenform aufweisen, da es beim Einbringen des letzten Schalungselements einer umlaufenden Schalung nicht möglich ist, durch die vorstehend erläuterte Schwenkbewegung zu beiden Seiten des zuletzt eingebrachten Schalungs- bzw. Nahtelements eine Hakverbindung herzustellen. Dementsprechend muss die andere Seite des Nahtele- ments eine alternative Ausbildung besitzen, welche ein vollständiges Verschwenken des zuletzt in eine umlaufende Schalung eingebrachten Nahtoder Schalungselements in die Ebene der Schalungsfläche ermöglicht. Dabei muss jedoch sichergestellt werden, dass das Nahtelement an beiden Längsseiten bündig an die angrenzenden Schalungselemente anschließt, um auch hier einen weitestgehend stufenfreien Übergang zwischen den aneinander angrenzenden Elementen sicherzustellen.It is preferred if a long side of the seam element is designed analogously to the corresponding long side of a formwork element according to the invention, that is to say with at least one hook element. This long side of the seam element can then be coupled to the adjacent formwork element as well as the formwork elements according to the invention to one another. However, the other long side of the seam element cannot have a corresponding hook shape, since when the last formwork element of a circumferential formwork is introduced, it is not possible to establish a hook connection on both sides of the last formwork or seam element introduced by the pivoting movement explained above. Accordingly, the other side of the seam element must have an alternative design, which enables the seam or formwork element that was last inserted into a peripheral formwork to be pivoted completely into the plane of the formwork surface. However, it must be ensured that the seam element is flush with the adjacent formwork elements on both long sides, in order to ensure a largely step-free transition between the adjacent elements.
Um letztlich eine dauerhafte, aber dennoch lösbare Verbindung zwischen der alternativ ausgebildeten Längsseite des Nahtelements und der angrenzenden Längsseite des zugeordneten Schalungselements zu erreichen, kann die genannte Längsseite des Nahtelements mittels eines oder mehrerer separater Verbindungselemente an die ein Hakenelement aufweisende Längsseite des angrenzenden Schalungselements koppelbar sein. Vorteil- haft ist es, wenn diese Verbindungselemente als Klammern, insbesondere als einstückige Federstahlklammern ausgebildet werden.In order to ultimately achieve a permanent, but nevertheless releasable connection between the alternatively designed long side of the seam element and the adjacent long side of the associated formwork element, said long side of the seam element can be coupled to the long side of the adjacent formwork element, which has a hook element, by means of one or more separate connecting elements. It is advantageous if these connecting elements are designed as clips, in particular as one-piece spring steel clips.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystems können die Schalungselemente mit zumindest einer Führung versehen werden, welche aneinander angrenzende Schalungselemente während des Verbindungs Vorgangs in einer parallel zum Verbindungsbereich verlaufenden Richtung zueinander ausrichten. Ein bei bisher üblichen Schalungssystemen manuelles Ausrichten miteinander zu koppelnder Schalungselemente, welches große Kraftanstrengungen oder den Einsatz von Werkzeugen wie z.B. Winkeleisen erfordert, kann somit erfindungsgemäß unterbleiben. Die genannte Führung kann beispielsweise als Schrägführung ausgebildet werden, welche insbesondere nur an einer Längsseite eines Schalungselements vorhanden ist. Eine solche Schrägführung kann aus zwei voneinander beabstandeten Elementen be- stehen, welche von der Längsseite des Schalungselements abstehen und zur Längsseite hin trichterförmig aufeinander zulaufen. Beim Koppeln von zwei benachbarten Schalungselementen erfolgt dann während der vorstehend beschriebenen Schwenkbewegung automatisch die Ausrichtung der Schalungselemente relativ zueinander, da sich ein Schalungselement in- nerhalb der trichterförmigen Führungen des anderen Schalungselements in Richtung der Verjüngung des Trichters bewegt, so dass sich die Ausrichtung automatisch und zwangsläufig einstellt.In a further preferred embodiment of the formwork system according to the invention, the formwork elements can be provided with at least one guide, which align adjacent formwork elements to one another during the connection process in a direction running parallel to the connection area. A formwork element to be coupled to one another previously used in formwork systems that has been customary to date, which requires great effort or the use of tools such as angle iron, can thus be avoided according to the invention. Said guide can be designed, for example, as an inclined guide, which is in particular only present on one long side of a formwork element. Such an inclined guide can consist of two spaced-apart elements which protrude from the long side of the formwork element and run towards one another in a funnel shape towards the long side. When two adjacent formwork elements are coupled, the formwork elements are then automatically aligned relative to one another during the pivoting movement described above, since one formwork element is located within the funnel-shaped guides of the other formwork element in the direction of the taper of the funnel, so that the alignment is automatically and inevitably adjusted.
Wie auch bei herkömmlichen Schalungssystemen können erfindungsge- maß die Innen- und Außenschalung einer Wandschalung mittels so genannter Anker miteinander verbunden und in einem fest vorgegebenen Abstand voneinander, welcher letztlich der zur erzeugenden Wanddicke entspricht, fixiert werden. Zu diesem Zweck können an den miteinander koppelbaren Längsseiten der Schalungselemente Ausnehmungen für der- artige Anker vorgesehen werden, wobei insbesondere zwei aneinander angrenzende, halbkreisförmige Ausnehmungen miteinander gekoppelter Längsseiten ein einzelnes Ankerloch bilden. Diese beiden halbkreisförmigen Ausnehmungen lassen sich insbesondere durch die vorstehend erläuterten Führungen bzw. Schrägführungen zueinander ausrichten, so dass sie letztlich eine kreisrunde Durchbrechung bilden, durch welche ein bol- zenförmiger Anker geschoben werden kann.As with conventional formwork systems, the inner and outer formwork of a wall formwork can be connected to one another by means of so-called anchors and fixed at a predetermined distance from one another, which ultimately corresponds to the wall thickness to be produced. For this purpose, recesses for such anchors can be provided on the longitudinal sides of the formwork elements which can be coupled to one another, in particular two adjacent, semicircular recesses with longitudinal sides coupled to one another forming a single anchor hole. These two semicircular recesses can be aligned with one another in particular by the guides or oblique guides explained above, so that they ultimately form a circular opening through which a bolt-shaped anchor can be pushed.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Further preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen erläutert, in diesen zeigen:The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 drei Schalungselemente einer möglichen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystems in einer Querschnittsdarstellung, wobei ein erstes Schalungselement mit einem zweiten Schalungselement verbunden und ein drittes Schalungselement in einer Position dargestellt ist, in welcher es mit dem ersten Schalungselement noch nicht gekoppelt ist, Fig. 2 eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1, wobei das dritte Schalungselement mit dem ersten Schalungselement teilweise verhakt ist,1 shows three formwork elements of a possible embodiment of a formwork system according to the invention in a cross-sectional view, a first formwork element being connected to a second formwork element and a third formwork element being shown in a position in which it is not yet coupled to the first formwork element, 2 shows a representation according to FIG. 1, the third formwork element being partially hooked with the first formwork element,
Fig. 3 eine Darstellung gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2, wobei das erste und dritte Schalungselement vollständig miteinander verhakt sind,3 is a representation according to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein the first and third formwork element are completely hooked together,
Fig. 4 eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Bereichs eines erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystems mit zwei einander gegenüberlie- genden Schalungsflächen,4 shows a cross-sectional representation of a region of a formwork system according to the invention with two formwork surfaces lying opposite one another,
Fig. 5 eine Querschnittsdarstellung dreier erfindungsgemäß miteinander verbundener Schalungselemente, wobei zwischen zwei Standard-Schalungselementen ein Nahtelement angeordnet ist,5 shows a cross-sectional view of three formwork elements connected according to the invention, a seam element being arranged between two standard formwork elements,
Fig. 6 eine Detailansicht der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 5 mit einem separaten Verbindungselement, welches eine Seite des Nahtelements an ein standardmäßiges Schalungselement ankoppelt,6 shows a detailed view of the representation according to FIG. 5 with a separate connecting element which couples one side of the seam element to a standard formwork element,
Fig. 7a eine Draufsicht auf zwei fast vollständig miteinander gekoppelte Schalungselemente mit einer Führung zum wechselseitigen Ausrichten aneinander angrenzender Schalungselemente,7a is a plan view of two formwork elements which are almost completely coupled to one another with a guide for mutually aligning adjacent formwork elements,
Fig. 7b eine Detailansicht von Fig. 7a, welche den die Führung aufweisenden Bereich zeigt, und7b shows a detailed view of FIG. 7a, which shows the region having the guide, and
Fig. 8 in Querschnittsdarstellung drei miteinander gekoppelte Schalungselemente, die im Bereich ihrer Schalungsflächen einer- seits einen Winkel von 90° und andererseits einen Winkel von 270° miteinander einschließen, wobei eines dieser Schalungselemente zweiteilig aufgebaut ist.8 shows, in cross-sectional representation, three formwork elements coupled to one another, which on the one hand have an angle of 90 ° in the area of their formwork surfaces and on the other hand an angle of Include 270 ° with each other, one of these formwork elements being constructed in two parts.
Die Ansicht gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt im Querschnitt ein erstes Schalungsele- ment 1 , ein zweites Schalungselement 2 sowie ein drittes Schalungselement 3, wobei das erste Schalungselement 1 in erfindungsgemäßer Weise mit an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten 4, 5 mit jeweils einem Hakenelement 6, 7 versehen ist. Das zweite und das dritte Schalungselement 2, 3 sind analog zum ersten Schalungselement 1 ausgebil- det, in Fig. 1 jedoch nur bereichsweise dargestellt. Dementsprechend ist vom zweiten Schalungselement 2 nur die Längsseite 5' mit dem Hakenelement 7' und vom dritten Schalungselement 3 nur die Längsseite 4' mit dem Hakenelement 6' zu sehen.1 shows in cross section a first formwork element 1, a second formwork element 2 and a third formwork element 3, the first formwork element 1 in the manner according to the invention with two opposite longitudinal sides 4, 5 each with a hook element 6, 7 is provided. The second and third formwork elements 2, 3 are designed analogously to the first formwork element 1, but are only shown in regions in FIG. 1. Accordingly, only the long side 5 'with the hook element 7' can be seen from the second formwork element 2 and only the long side 4 'with the hook element 6' from the third formwork element 3.
In der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Position sind das erste und das zweite Schalungselement 1, 2 über ihre Hakenelemente 6, 7' vollständig miteinander gekoppelt, wohingegen sich die Hakenelemente 7, 6' des ersten und dritten Schalungselements 1, 3 noch nicht miteinander in Eingriff befinden.In the position shown in FIG. 1, the first and the second formwork element 1, 2 are completely coupled to one another via their hook elements 6, 7 ', whereas the hook elements 7, 6' of the first and third formwork element 1, 3 are not yet in engagement with one another are located.
Die Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 bestehen jeweils aus einem Grundkörper mit einer letztlich die Schalungsfläche bildenden Innenseite 8 und einer Außenseite 9, wobei die Innenseite 8 sowie die Außenseite 9 jeweils durch ein ebenes, flächiges Element gebildet sind, welches sich senkrecht zur Zeichenebene erstreckt. Innenseite 8 und Außenseite 9 sind jeweils mit schräg dazu verlaufenden Stegen 10 miteinander verbunden, um so dem Grundkörper der Schalungselemente, welcher aus Innenseite 8, Außenseite 9, und Stegen 10 besteht, ausreichend Stabilität zu verleihen. Der Grundkörper 8, 9, 10 der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 besteht, ebenso wie die Hakenelemente 6, &, 7 , 7', bevorzugt aus Metall. An den Grundkörper 8, 9, 10 ist im Bereich der Längsseiten 4, 4' direkt das Hakenelement 6, 6' angeformt, so dass es bevorzugt in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang gemeinsam mit dem Grundkörper 8, 9, 10 hergestellt werden kann. Das andere Hakenelement 6, 6' umfasst ein im Querschnitt im We- sentlichen rechteckiges Basisprofil 11, 11', welches sich senkrecht zu der Innenseite 8 sowie der Außenseite 9 erstreckt, wobei es in der genannten Erstreckungsrichtung Abmessungen aufweist, die ungefähr doppelt so groß sind wie der Abstand der Innenseite 8 von der Außenseite 9. Im an die Innenseite 8 angrenzenden Bereich weist das Basisprofil 11, 11' einen bündigen Übergang zur Innenseite 8 auf, an den sich eine hakenförmige Ausnehmung 12, 12' anschließt. Ferner ist an das Basisprofil 11, 11' ein hakenförmiger Fortsatz 13, 13' angeformt, welcher sich von der Längsseite 4, 4' weg in Richtung des nächsten Schalungselements 2 bzw. 1 erstreckt. Der hakenförmige Fortsatz 13, 13' sowie die hakenförmige Ausnehmung 12, 12' weisen jeweils eine Hinterschneidung auf, welche voneinander abgewandt sind.The formwork elements 1, 2, 3 each consist of a base body with an inner side 8 and an outer side 9 ultimately forming the formwork surface, the inner side 8 and the outer side 9 each being formed by a flat, flat element which extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Inner side 8 and outer side 9 are each connected to one another with sloping webs 10 in order to give the base body of the formwork elements, which consists of inner side 8, outer side 9, and webs 10, sufficient stability. The base body 8, 9, 10 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3, like the hook elements 6, &, 7, 7 ', is preferably made of metal. The hook element 6, 6 'is formed directly on the base body 8, 9, 10 in the region of the longitudinal sides 4, 4', so that it can preferably be produced together with the base body 8, 9, 10 in a single operation. The other hook element 6, 6 'comprises an essentially rectangular base profile 11, 11' in cross section, which extends perpendicular to the inside 8 and the outside 9, wherein it has dimensions in the extension direction mentioned that are approximately twice as large like the distance between the inside 8 and the outside 9. In the area adjacent to the inside 8, the base profile 11, 11 'has a flush transition to the inside 8, which is followed by a hook-shaped recess 12, 12'. Furthermore, a hook-shaped extension 13, 13 'is formed on the base profile 11, 11', which extends away from the long side 4, 4 'in the direction of the next formwork element 2 and 1, respectively. The hook-shaped extension 13, 13 'and the hook-shaped recess 12, 12' each have an undercut, which face away from each other.
Die zu den Hakenelementen 6, 6' komplementär ausgebildeten Hakenelemente 7, 7' sind durch ein Einschubprofil 14, 14' gebildet, welches in den Zwischenraum zwischen der Innenseite 8 und der Außenseite 9 der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 eingeschoben und in geeigneter Weise mit der Innenseite 8 und/ oder der Außenseite 9 verbunden wird. Das Einschubprofil 14, 14' weist auf seiner dem Grundkörper 8, 9, 10 des Schalungselements 1 , 2 abgewandten Seite einen im Wesentlichen C-förmigen Quer- schnitt auf, welcher in seinen Endbereichen, wie bei einem C-Profil üblich, jeweils eine Hinterschneidung 15, 15', 16, 16' aufweist, wobei die Hinterschneidungen 15, 16 bzw. 15', 16' einander zugewandt sind. Das Einschubprofil 14, 14' ist im Bereich der Hinterschneidung 15, 15' derart ausgebildet, dass sich ein bündiger Übergang zwischen dem Einschubprofil 14, 14' und der Innenseite 8 der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 ergibt. Dementsprechend besitzt das Einschubprofil 14, 14' anschließend an die Hinterschneidung 15, 15' eine stufenförmige Ausnehmung 17, 17', deren Tiefe der Materialstärke des Flächenelements entspricht, welches die Innenseite 8 der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 bildet.The hook elements 7, 7 'complementary to the hook elements 6, 6' are formed by an insertion profile 14, 14 'which is inserted into the space between the inside 8 and the outside 9 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 and in a suitable manner the inside 8 and / or the outside 9 is connected. The insertion profile 14, 14 'has on its side facing away from the base body 8, 9, 10 of the formwork element 1, 2 an essentially C-shaped cross section, which in each case has an undercut in its end regions, as is customary with a C profile 15, 15 ', 16, 16', the undercuts 15, 16 and 15 ', 16' facing each other. The insertion profile 14, 14 'is formed in the region of the undercut 15, 15' in such a way that there is a flush transition between the insertion profile 14, 14 'and the inside 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3. Correspondingly, the insertion profile 14, 14 'has, after the undercut 15, 15', a step-shaped recess 17, 17 ', the depth of which corresponds to the material thickness of the surface element which forms the inside 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3.
Die Hakenelemente 6, 6' sowie 7, 7' mit den hakenförmigen Ausnehmun- gen 12, 12', den hakenförmigen Fortsätzen 13, 13' sowie den Hinterschneidungen 15, 15', 16, 16' erstrecken sich jeweils senkrecht zur Zeichenebene über die gesamte Höhe der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 bzw. ü- ber die gesamte Länge der Längsseiten 4, 4', 5, 5' der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3.The hook elements 6, 6 'and 7, 7' with the hook-shaped recesses 12, 12 ', the hook-shaped extensions 13, 13' and the undercuts 15, 15 ', 16, 16' each extend perpendicular to the drawing plane over the entire Height of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 or over the entire length of the long sides 4, 4 ', 5, 5' of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3.
Die hakenförmige Fortsätze 13, 13' und die Hinterschneidungen 16, 16 sind komplementär zueinander ausgebildet, so dass sie bei vollständig miteinander gekoppelten Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3 for schlüssig miteinander verhakt sind, wobei sich zwischen den hakenförmigen Fortsätzen 13, 13' und den Hinterschneidungen 16, 16' bei vollständig miteinander gekoppelten Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3 vorzugsweise eine flächige Berührung ergibt. Gleiches gilt für das Zusammenwirken der hakenförmigen Ausnehmungen 12, 12' mit den Hinterschneidungen 15, 15'. Die hakenförmigen Ausnehmungen 12, 12' sowie die Hinterschneidungen 15, 15' sind derart in das Basisprofil 11, 11' bzw. das Einschubprofil 14, 14' eingebracht, dass sich bei vollständig miteinander gekoppelten Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3 ein bündiger, glatter Übergang zwischen denjenigen Flächen des Basisprofils 11, 11' und des Einschubprofils 14 , 14' einerseits und den Innenseiten 8 andererseits ergibt, welche in der gleichen Ebene verlaufen wie die Innenseiten 8. Beim Kopplungsvorgang zwischen dem ersten Schalungselement 1 und dem dritten Schalungselement 3 wird in einem ersten Schritt die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Hakverbindung zwischen dem hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13' des dritten Schalungselements 3 und der Hinterschneidung 16 des ersten Schalungselements 1 hergestellt. Fig. 2 veranschaulicht diese Hakverbindung unmittelbar nach deren Herstellung. In dieser Position schließen die Außenseiten 9 der Schalungselemente 1, 3 einen Winkel von kleiner 180°, insbesondere einen Winkel zwischen 90° und 160° ein.The hook-shaped extensions 13, 13 'and the undercuts 16, 16 are designed to be complementary to one another, so that they are hooked together with formwork elements 1, 2, 3 for completely coupled, with hook-shaped extensions 13, 13' and the undercuts 16, 16 'in the case of formwork elements 1, 2, 3 which are completely coupled to one another preferably results in a flat contact. The same applies to the interaction of the hook-shaped recesses 12, 12 'with the undercuts 15, 15'. The hook-shaped recesses 12, 12 'and the undercuts 15, 15' are introduced into the base profile 11, 11 'or the insertion profile 14, 14' in such a way that when the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 are completely coupled together, there is a flush, smooth transition between those surfaces of the base profile 11, 11 'and the insertion profile 14, 14' on the one hand and the inner sides 8 on the other hand, which run in the same plane as the inner sides 8. In the coupling process between the first formwork element 1 and the third formwork element 3, the hook connection shown in FIG. 2 between the hook-shaped extension 13 'of the third formwork element 3 and the undercut 16 of the first formwork element 1 is produced in a first step. Fig. 2 illustrates this hook connection immediately after its production. In this position, the outer sides 9 of the formwork elements 1, 3 enclose an angle of less than 180 °, in particular an angle between 90 ° and 160 °.
Unter Beibehaltung der Hakverbindung zwischen dem hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13' und der Hinterschneidung 16 kann das dritte Schalungselement 3 relativ zum ersten Schalungselement 1 um eine senkrecht zur Zeichenebene verlaufende Achse in Pfeilrichtung verschwenkt werden. Die genannte Schwenkachse verläuft dabei in einer Ebene, entlang der sich der hakenförmige Fortsatz 13' und die Hinterschneidung 16 berühren.While maintaining the hook connection between the hook-shaped extension 13 'and the undercut 16, the third formwork element 3 can be pivoted relative to the first formwork element 1 about an axis running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in the direction of the arrow. The said pivot axis runs in a plane along which the hook-shaped extension 13 ′ and the undercut 16 touch.
Die genannte Schwenkbewegung kann unter Beibehaltung der Hakverbindung zwischen dem hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13' und der Hinterschnei- düng 16 fortgeführt werden, bis die hakenförmige Ausnehmung 12' des dritten Schalungselements 3 die Hinterschneidung 15 des ersten Schalungselements 1 hintergreift. Bei weiter fortgesetzter Schwenkbewegung wird wiederum unter Beibehaltung der Hakverbindung zwischen dem hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13' und der Hinterschneidung 16 erreicht, dass sich die den Innenseiten 8 der Schalungselemente 1 , 3 zugewandten Bereiche des Einschubprofils 14 und des Basisprofils 11' berühren, was genau dann geschieht, wenn sich die Innenseiten 8 der beiden Schalungselemente 1 , 3 in der gleichen Ebene befinden. Diese Position ist in Fig. 3 gezeigt. Aus Fig. 3 ist gut erkennbar, dass sich die Innenseiten 8 aller Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 innerhalb ein und derselben Ebene befinden, wobei zwischen den einzelnen Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3 im Bereich deren Innenseiten 8 ein glatter, bündiger Übergang existiert, der keinerlei Stufen oder Nuten aufweist, so dass mittels der dargestellten Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 eine ebene, glatte Betonfläche erzeugt werden kann, welche ebenfalls keinerlei Stufen oder Nuten besitzt.Said pivoting movement can be continued while maintaining the hook connection between the hook-shaped extension 13 'and the undercut fertilizer 16 until the hook-shaped recess 12' of the third shuttering element 3 engages behind the undercut 15 of the first shuttering element 1. If the pivoting movement continues, while maintaining the hook connection between the hook-shaped extension 13 'and the undercut 16, it is achieved that the areas of the insert profile 14 and the base profile 11' facing the inner sides 8 of the formwork elements 1, 3 touch, which is exactly what happens, if the inner sides 8 of the two formwork elements 1, 3 are in the same plane. This position is shown in Fig. 3. From Fig. 3 it can be clearly seen that the inner sides 8 of all formwork elements 1, 2, 3 are within one and the same level, with a smooth, flush transition between the individual formwork elements 1, 2, 3 in the area of their inner sides 8, which has no steps or grooves, so that by means of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 shown, a flat, smooth concrete surface can be generated, which also has no steps or grooves.
Aus Fig. 3 ist ferner ersichtlich, dass die Verbindung zwischen den Scha- lungselementen 1, 2 , 3 derart ausgestaltet ist, dass keinerlei in der Zeichenebene wirkenden translatorischen Kräfte zu einer Relativbewegung zwischen den Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3 führen können. Gleiches gilt für um beliebige Achsen wirkende rotatorische Kräfte mit Ausnahme eines Verschwenkens des dritten Schalungselements 3 gegenüber dem ersten Schalungselement 1 im Uhrzeigersinn, des ersten Schalungselements 1 gegenüber dem dritten Schalungselement 3 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn, des ersten Schalungselements 1 gegenüber dem zweiten Schalungselement 2 im Uhrzeigersinn oder des zweiten Schalungselements 2 gegenüber dem ersten Schalungselement 1 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn. Nur durch die genannten Schwenkbewegungen kann ein Lösen der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 voneinander erzielt werden, wobei es beim Demontieren von Schalungen besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass erfindungs gemäß entweder das eine Schalungselement gegenüber dem anderen Schalungselement oder das andere Schalungselement gegenüber dem einen Scha- lungselement verschwenkt werden kann. Somit kann je nach Einbausituation entschieden werden, welches Schalungselement gegenüber dem daran angekoppelten bzw. anzukoppelnden Schalungselement zu verschwenken ist. Das Lösen der Schalungselemente 1 , 3 voneinander kann in umgekehrter Reihenfolge wie das in Verbindung mit den Fig. 1 bis 3 beschriebene Koppeln der Schalungselemente 1, 3 erfolgen.3 also shows that the connection between the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 is designed in such a way that no translatory forces acting in the plane of the drawing can lead to a relative movement between the formwork elements 1, 2, 3. The same applies to rotational forces acting around any axis, with the exception of pivoting the third formwork element 3 in a clockwise direction with respect to the first formwork element 1, with the first formwork element 1 with respect to the third formwork element 3 in a counterclockwise direction, with the first formwork element 1 with respect to the second formwork element 2 in a clockwise direction or of the second formwork element 2 with respect to the first formwork element 1 counterclockwise. A release of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 from one another can only be achieved by the pivoting movements mentioned, it being particularly advantageous when dismantling formwork that according to the invention either one formwork element relative to the other formwork element or the other formwork element relative to one formwork element can be pivoted. Depending on the installation situation, it can thus be decided which formwork element is to be pivoted with respect to the formwork element coupled or to be coupled to it. The formwork elements 1, 3 can be detached from one another in the reverse order of the coupling of the formwork elements 1, 3 described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3.
F'ig. 4 zeigt im unteren Bereich eine Anordnung von drei vollständig miteinander gekoppelten Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3, welche der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3 entspricht. Im oberen Bereich der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4 sind in spiegelverkehrter Anordnung zu den Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3 drei weitere Schalungselemente 1', 2', 3' angeordnet, welche ebenfalls voll- ständig miteinander gekoppelt sind.F'ig. 4 shows in the lower area an arrangement of three formwork elements 1, 2, 3 completely coupled to one another, which corresponds to the arrangement according to FIG. 3. 4, three further formwork elements 1 ', 2', 3 'are arranged in a mirror-inverted arrangement to the formwork elements 1, 2, 3, which are also completely coupled to one another.
Die Innenseiten 8 der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 sind den Innenseiten 8' der Schalungselemente 1', 2', 3' zugewandt, so dass zwischen den Innenseiten 8', 8' ein Zwischenraum 18 ausgebildet wird, welcher zur Aufnahme von Stahlelementen und flüssigem Beton geeignet ist. Durch das Einbringen von Stahlelementen und flüssigem Beton in den Zwischenraum 18 lässt sich eine Stahlbetonwand erzeugen, deren Dicke dem Abstand zwischen den Innenseiten 8, 8' entspricht. Diese Stahlbetonwand zeichnet sich durch eine besonders glatte, stufen- und nutfreie Oberfläche auf bei- den Seiten aus, da zwischen den Innenseiten 8 der Schalungselemente 1 , 2, 3 sowie zwischen den Innenseiten 8' der Schalungselemente 1', 2', 3' jeweils bündige, glatte Übergänge existieren.The inner sides 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 face the inner sides 8 'of the formwork elements 1', 2 ', 3', so that a space 18 is formed between the inner sides 8 ', 8', which is used to hold steel elements and liquid Concrete is suitable. By introducing steel elements and liquid concrete into the intermediate space 18, a reinforced concrete wall can be produced, the thickness of which corresponds to the distance between the inner sides 8, 8 '. This reinforced concrete wall is characterized by a particularly smooth, step-free and groove-free surface on both sides, since between the inner sides 8 of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 and between the inner sides 8 'of the formwork elements 1', 2 ', 3' in each case flush, smooth transitions exist.
Ergänzend ist zu bemerken, dass die Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 irn Pra- xiseinsatz mittels so genannter Anker mit den gegenüberliegenden Schalungselementen 1', 2', 3' verbunden werden, um so den Abstand zwischen den Innenseiten 8, 8' zu fixieren. Diese Anker verlaufen bevorzugt im Bereich der Verbindungsstellen zwischen den einzelnen Schalungselementen, sind in Fig. 4 aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit jedoch nicht darge- stellt. Fig. 5 zeigt wiederum im Querschnitt drei vollständig miteinander gekoppelte Schalungselemente, wobei es sich hier bei den beiden äußeren Schalungselementen 2, 3 um Schalungselemente handelt, die identisch zu den in Verbindung mit den Fig. 1 bis 3 beschriebenen Schalungselementen ausgebildet sind. Das zwischen den beiden Schalungselementen 2, 3 befindliche Schalungselement ist jedoch als Nahtelement 19 ausgestaltet, wobei die dem Schalungselement 3 zugewandte Längsseite mit Basisprofil 11, hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13 und hakenförmiger Ausnehmung 12 iden- tisch zu der Längsseite 4, 4' der sonstigen Schalungselemente 2, 3 ausgestaltet ist. Hierdurch wird es möglich, das Nahtelement 19 mit dem daran anschließenden Schalungselement 3 in genau der gleichen Weise zu koppeln, wie dies in Verbindung mit den Fig. 1 bis 3 bereits beschrieben wurde. Gleiches gilt für das Lösen des Nahtelements 19 vom Schalungsele- ment 3.In addition, it should be noted that the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 are connected in practice to the opposite formwork elements 1 ', 2', 3 'by means of so-called anchors, in order to fix the distance between the inner sides 8, 8'. These anchors preferably run in the area of the connection points between the individual formwork elements, but are not shown in FIG. 4 for reasons of clarity. 5 again shows in cross section three formwork elements which are completely coupled to one another, the two outer formwork elements 2, 3 being formwork elements which are identical to the formwork elements described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. However, the formwork element located between the two formwork elements 2, 3 is designed as a seam element 19, the longitudinal side facing the formwork element 3 with base profile 11, hook-shaped extension 13 and hook-shaped recess 12 being identical to the long side 4, 4 'of the other formwork elements 2, 3 is designed. This makes it possible to couple the seam element 19 with the adjoining formwork element 3 in exactly the same way as has already been described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. The same applies to the detachment of the seam element 19 from the formwork element 3.
Das Nahtelement 19 unterscheidet sich von den anderen, standardmäßig einsetzbaren Schalungselementen 1, 2, 3 gemäß den Fig. 1 bis 3 durch die Ausbildung derjenigen Längsseite, welche dem Schalungselement 2 zuge- wandt ist. Die Ausbildung dieser Längsseite sowie deren Ankopplung an das Schalungselement 2 ist im Detail in Fig. 6 dargestellt.The seam element 19 differs from the other formwork elements 1, 2, 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 3, which can be used as standard, by the formation of the long side which faces the formwork element 2. The design of this long side and its coupling to the formwork element 2 is shown in detail in FIG. 6.
Fig. 6 zeigt, dass die dem Nahtelement 19 zugewandte Längsseite des Schalungselements 2 ebenso ausgebildet ist, wie eine der in Verbindung mit den in Fig. 1 bis 3 beschriebenen Längsseiten 4, 4'. Dementsprechend besitzt die genannte Längsseite des Schalungselements 2 einen hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13 sowie eine hakenförmige Ausnehmung 12, welche jeweils an einem Basisprofil 11 ausgebildet sind. Die dem Schalungselement 2 zugewandte Längsseite des Nahtelements 19 besitzt im Gegensatz zu den Längsseiten 5, 5' der in Verbindung mit den Flg. 1 bis 3 beschriebenen Schalungselemente kein im Querschnitt C- förmiges Einschubprofil mit zwei einander zugewandten Hinterschneidun- gen, sondern ein alternatives Einschubprofil 20, welches lediglich im Bereich der Innenseiten 8 des Schalungselements 2 und des Nahtelements 19 so ausgebildet ist, wie diejenigen Einschubprofile 14, 14', welche in Verbindung mit den Fig. 1 bis 3 erläutert wurden. Dementsprechend besitzt das Einschubprofil 20 des Nahtelements 19 in seinem der Innenseite 8 zugewandten Bereich eine Hinterschneidung 15", welche der Hinterschneidung 15, 15' der Schalungselemente 1, 2, 3 gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 entspricht. Weiterhin ist das Einschubprofil 20 analog zum Einschubprofil 14, 14' mit einer stufenförmigen Ausnehmung 17" versehen, um so einen bündigen, glatten Übergang zwischen der Innenseite 8 des Nahtelements 19 und demjenigen Bereich des Einschubprofils 20 sicherzustellen, welcher in der Ebene der Innenseite 8 verläuft. Demzufolge lässt sich bei einer Verbindung des Nahtelements 19 mit dem Schalungselement 2 wiederum ein glatter, bündiger, nut- und stufenfreier Übergang zwischen den Innenseiten 8 von Schalungselement 2 und Nahtelement 19 bzw. Ein- schubprofil 20 erreichen.FIG. 6 shows that the long side of the formwork element 2 facing the seam element 19 is designed in the same way as one of the long sides 4, 4 ′ described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. Accordingly, the long side of the formwork element 2 has a hook-shaped extension 13 and a hook-shaped recess 12, which are each formed on a base profile 11. The long side of the seam element 19 facing the formwork element 2, in contrast to the long sides 5, 5 ', which in connection with the flg. 1 to 3, the formwork elements described do not have a C-shaped insertion profile with two mutually facing undercuts, but an alternative insertion profile 20, which is formed in the area of the inner sides 8 of the formwork element 2 and the seam element 19 in the same way as those insertion profiles 14, 14 ', which were explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. Accordingly, the insert profile 20 of the seam element 19 has an undercut 15 "in its area facing the inside 8, which corresponds to the undercut 15, 15 'of the formwork elements 1, 2, 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 3. Furthermore, the insert profile 20 is analogous to the insert profile 14, 14 'is provided with a step-shaped recess 17 "in order to ensure a flush, smooth transition between the inside 8 of the seam element 19 and that region of the insertion profile 20 which runs in the plane of the inside 8. Accordingly, when the seam element 19 is connected to the formwork element 2, a smooth, flush, groove-free and step-free transition can again be achieved between the inner sides 8 of the formwork element 2 and the seam element 19 or insertion profile 20.
In seinem der Hinterschneidung 15" und somit den Innenseiten 8 abgewandten Bereich besitzt das Einschubprofil 20 keine der Hinterschneidung 15" zugewandte weitere Hinterschneidung, sondern lediglich eine Anschlagfläche 21 für die Rückseite des hakenförmigen Fortsatzes 13. Im Unterschied zu den Einschubprofilen 14, 14' der in Verbindung mit den Fig. 1 bis 3 beschriebenen Schalungselemente ist das Einschubprofil 20 also nicht dazu geeignet, sowohl die hakenförmige Ausnehmung 12 als auch den hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13 zu umgreifen. Die Ausbildung des Einschubprofils 20 ermöglicht es vielmehr, dass das Schalungselement 2, welches mit seiner in Fig. 6 nicht dargestellten Längsseite bereits in ein weiteres Schalungselement eingehakt ist, im Uhrzeigersinn gegen das Nahtelement 19 verschwenkt werden kann, bis sich die Innenseiten 8 von Schalungselement 2 und Nahtelement 19 innerhalb ein und derselben Ebene befinden. Somit kann also das Schalungselement 2 als letztes Schalungselement einer umlaufenden Schalungsfläche in die Schalung eingebracht werden.In its area facing away from the undercut 15 "and thus the inner sides 8, the insertion profile 20 does not have any further undercut facing the undercut 15", but rather only a stop surface 21 for the rear side of the hook-shaped extension 13. In contrast to the insertion profiles 14, 14 'of FIG In connection with the formwork elements described in FIGS. 1 to 3, the insertion profile 20 is therefore not suitable for encompassing both the hook-shaped recess 12 and the hook-shaped extension 13. Rather, the design of the insertion profile 20 enables the formwork element 2, which is already hooked into another formwork element with its long side, not shown in FIG. 6, can be pivoted clockwise against the seam element 19 until the inner sides 8 of the formwork element 2 and seam element 19 are located on one and the same plane. Thus, the formwork element 2 can be introduced into the formwork as the last formwork element of a circumferential formwork surface.
Nach dem beschriebenen Verschwenken des Schalungselements 2 in Richtung des Nahtelements 19 muss noch für eine sichere, jedoch lösbare Kopplung von Schalungselement 2 und Nahtelement 19 gesorgt werden. Dies wird durch das Aufbringen einer insbesondere aus Federstahl gefertigten Klammer 22 erreicht. Die elastische Klammer 22 ist dabei derart ausgebildet, dass sie sowohl Elemente des Basisprofils 11 des Schalungs- elements 2 als auch Elemente des Einschubprofils 20 des Nahtelements 19 umgreifen und somit aneinander fixieren kann. Durch die federnde Ausbildung der Klammer 22 kann sie problemlos auf die genannten Elemente aufgebracht und von diesen auch wieder gelöst werden.After the described pivoting of the formwork element 2 in the direction of the seam element 19, a safe but detachable coupling of the formwork element 2 and the seam element 19 must still be ensured. This is achieved by applying a clip 22 made in particular of spring steel. The elastic clamp 22 is designed in such a way that it can encompass elements of the base profile 11 of the formwork element 2 as well as elements of the insertion profile 20 of the seam element 19 and thus fix them to one another. Due to the resilient design of the clamp 22, it can be easily applied to the elements mentioned and can also be detached from them.
Konkret besitzt das Basisprofil 11 auf seiner dem hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13 abgewandten Seite einen weiteren Fortsatz 23, welcher sich im Wesentlichen in entgegengesetzter Richtung zum hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13 erstreckt. Der Fortsatz 23 bildet dabei eine Hinterschneidung, die von der Klammer 22 hintergriffen werden kann. Weiterhin ist das Einschubprofil 20 des Nahtelements 19 mit einem Fortsatz 24 versehen, der sich von der Innenseite 8 des Nahtelements 19 weg erstreckt und der auf seiner der Innenseite 8 abgewandten Seite die Anschlagfläche 21 für den hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13 bildet. Auf seiner der Anschlagfläche 21 abgewandten Seite besitzt der Fortsatz 24 eine Hinterschneidung, in welche die Klam- mer 22 eingreifen kann. Eine besonders stabile Verbindung zwischen Basisprofil 11 und Einschubprofil 20 ergibt sich dadurch, dass die Form der Klammer 22 derart gewählt ist, dass sie sich in ihrer die Fortsätze 23, 24 umgreifenden Posi- tion an die Außenseite des hakenförmigen Fortsatzes 13 des Basisprofils 11 anschmiegt, so dass hier ein flächiger Kontakt entsteht.Specifically, the base profile 11 has a further extension 23 on its side facing away from the hook-shaped extension 13, which extends essentially in the opposite direction to the hook-shaped extension 13. The extension 23 forms an undercut that can be gripped by the clip 22. Furthermore, the insertion profile 20 of the seam element 19 is provided with an extension 24 which extends away from the inside 8 of the seam element 19 and which forms the stop surface 21 for the hook-shaped extension 13 on its side facing away from the inside 8. On its side facing away from the abutment surface 21, the extension 24 has an undercut in which the clamp 22 can engage. A particularly stable connection between the base profile 11 and the insertion profile 20 results from the fact that the shape of the clamp 22 is chosen such that it clings to the outside of the hook-shaped extension 13 of the base profile 11 in its position encompassing the extensions 23, 24. so that there is a flat contact.
In ihrem dem Fortsatz 23 des Basisprofils 11 zugeordneten Endbereich besitzt die Klammer 22 ein ergonomisch geformtes Griffelement 25, an welchem die Klammer 22 ergriffen und vom Fortsatz 23 gelöst werden kann, um so die Verbindung zwischen Basisprofil 11 und Einschubprofil 20 aufzuheben.In its end region assigned to the extension 23 of the base profile 11, the clip 22 has an ergonomically shaped grip element 25, on which the clip 22 can be gripped and released from the extension 23, so as to break the connection between the base profile 11 and the insertion profile 20.
Fig. 7a zeigt in Draufsicht zwei fast vollständig miteinander gekoppelte Schaltungselemente 1, 3, welche untereinander identisch ausgebildet und miteinander in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise koppelbar sind. Zu diesem Zweck besitzen die Schaltungselemente 1, 3 an ihren Längsseiten 4, 5 bzw. 4', 5" Hakenelemente, die beispielsweise so ausgebildet sein können, wie in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 beschrieben. Auch insgesamt können die Schalungselemente 1, 3 exakt so ausgebildet sein, wie in Verbindung mit den Fig. 1 bis 5 erläutert.7a shows a top view of two circuit elements 1, 3 which are almost completely coupled to one another and which are identical to one another and can be coupled to one another in the manner according to the invention. For this purpose, the circuit elements 1, 3 have hook elements on their long sides 4, 5 and 4 ', 5' ', which can be designed, for example, as described in connection with FIG. 1. The formwork elements 1, 3 can also be exactly as a whole be formed, as explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 5.
Die Längsseiten 4, 5; 4', 5" der Schalungselemente 1, 3 besitzen halbkreisförmige Ausnehmungen 26, wobei jede Längsseite 4, 5; 4', 5" mit jeweils zwei Ausnehmungen 26 versehen ist. Die obere Ausnehmung 26 befindet sich jeweils ungefähr am unteren Ende des oberen Viertels der Schalungselemente 1, 3, wohingegen sich die untere Ausnehmung 26 jeweils ungefähr am oberen Ende des unteren Viertels der Schalungselemente 1 , 3 befindet. Wenn die Schalungselemente 1, 3 vollständig miteinander gekoppelt sind, d.h. wenn sie noch enger aneinander anliegen als in Fig. 7a gezeigt, bilden die halbkreisförmigen Ausnehmungen 26 der Längsseite 5 des einen Schalungselements 1 und die halbkreisförmigen Ausnehmungen 26 der Längs- seite 4' des anderen Schalungselements 3 gemeinsam zwei kreisrunde Durchbrechungen der Schalungsfläche, welche als Ankerlöcher für den Durchtritt bolzenförmiger Anker dienen können.The long sides 4, 5; 4 ', 5 "of the formwork elements 1, 3 have semicircular recesses 26, each longitudinal side 4, 5; 4', 5" being provided with two recesses 26 each. The upper recess 26 is located approximately at the lower end of the upper quarter of the shuttering elements 1, 3, whereas the lower recess 26 is located approximately at the upper end of the lower quarter of the shuttering elements 1, 3. If the formwork elements 1, 3 are completely coupled to one another, ie if they lie even closer together than shown in FIG. 7a, the semicircular recesses 26 on the long side 5 of one formwork element 1 and the semicircular recesses 26 on the long side 4 'of the other Formwork element 3 together two circular openings in the formwork surface, which can serve as anchor holes for the passage of bolt-shaped anchors.
An den oberen und unteren Enden der Längsseiten 4, 5; 4', 5" sind an den Schalungselementen 1, 3 jeweils Führungen vorgesehen, welche dazu dienen, aneinander angrenzende Schalungselemente 1 , 3 während des Verbindungsvorgangs in einer parallel zu den Längsseiten 4, 5, 4', 5" verlaufenden Richtung zueinander auszurichten. Eine mögliche Ausbildung dieser Führungen ist in der Detailansicht A gemäß Fig. 7b dargestellt.At the upper and lower ends of the long sides 4, 5; 4 ', 5 "are each provided on the formwork elements 1, 3, which serve to align adjacent formwork elements 1, 3 during the connection process in a direction parallel to the long sides 4, 5, 4', 5" to each other. A possible design of these guides is shown in detail view A according to FIG. 7b.
Die Schalungselemente 1, 3 sind jeweils durch ein oberes Stirnprofil 27 an ihrer Oberseite abgeschlossen. Das an der Längsseite 4' des Schalungselements 3 angeordnete Basisprofil 11' (siehe Fig. 1) erstreckt sich weiter in Richtung des Schalungselements 1 als das obere Stirnprofil 27 des Schalungselements 3. In seinem dem Schalungselement 1 zugewandten Endbereich ist das Basisprofil 11' im Bereich seines oberen Endes abgeschrägt, so dass sich eine in Richtung des Schalungselements 1 geneigt nach unten verlaufende Schrägfläche 28 ergibt. Das obere Stirnprofil 27 des Schalungselements 3 ist dabei derart bemessen, dass es sich nicht bis in einen Bereich oberhalb der Schrägfläche 28 hinein erstreckt.The formwork elements 1, 3 are each closed by an upper end profile 27 on their top. The basic profile 11 '(see FIG. 1) arranged on the long side 4' of the formwork element 3 extends further in the direction of the formwork element 1 than the upper end profile 27 of the formwork element 3. In its end region facing the formwork element 1, the basic profile 11 'is in the region beveled at its upper end, so that there is an inclined surface 28 which slopes downward in the direction of the formwork element 1. The upper end profile 27 of the formwork element 3 is dimensioned such that it does not extend into an area above the inclined surface 28.
Beim Schalungselement 1 ist das obere Stirnprofil 27 hingegen so bemessen, dass es in Richtung des Schalungselements 3 über das Einschubprofil 14 (siehe Fig. 1) hinausragt. Beim Koppeln der Schalungselemente 1, 3 kann somit die dem Schalungselement 3 zugewandte Unterkante des oberen Stirnprofils 27 des Schalungselements 1 an der Schrägfläche 28 entlang gleiten, wodurch beim genannten Koppelvorgang entweder ein Anheben des Schalungsele- ments 1 gegenüber dem Schalungselement 3 oder ein Absenken des Schalungselements 3 gegenüber dem Schalungselement 1 erfolgt.In the case of formwork element 1, on the other hand, the upper end profile 27 is dimensioned such that it projects beyond the insertion profile 14 in the direction of the formwork element 3 (see FIG. 1). When the formwork elements 1, 3 are coupled, the lower edge of the upper end profile 27 of the formwork element 1 facing the formwork element 3 can thus slide along the inclined surface 28, so that during the coupling process mentioned, either the formwork element 1 is raised relative to the formwork element 3 or the formwork element is lowered 3 relative to the formwork element 1.
Die unteren Enden der Längsseiten 5, 4' der Schalungselemente 1, 3 sind entsprechend deren oberen Enden (siehe Fig. 7b) ausgebildet, d.h., auch dort existiert auf Seiten des Schalungselements 3 eine entsprechende untere Schrägfläche, wobei die untere Schrägfläche und die obere Schrägfläche 28 aufeinander zu laufen. Insofern ermöglichen die beiden genannten Schrägflächen ein problemloses "Einfädeln" der Schalungselemente 1, 3 ineinander, wenn diese erfindungsgemäß miteinander gekoppelt werden. Nach Abschluss dieses Koppelvorgangs befinden sich die oberen Stirnprofile 27 der Schalungselemente 1, 3 auf exakt der gleichen Höhe. Gleiches gilt für die einander zugeordneten halbkreisförmigen Ausnehmungen 26, welche sich an den Längsseiten 5, 4' der Schalungselemente 1, 3 befinden.The lower ends of the long sides 5, 4 'of the formwork elements 1, 3 are designed in accordance with their upper ends (see FIG. 7b), ie there is also a corresponding lower inclined surface on the formwork element 3 side, the lower inclined surface and the upper inclined surface 28 to run on each other. In this respect, the two inclined surfaces mentioned enable problem-free "threading" of the formwork elements 1, 3 into one another when they are coupled together according to the invention. After completing this coupling process, the upper end profiles 27 of the formwork elements 1, 3 are at exactly the same height. The same applies to the mutually assigned semicircular recesses 26, which are located on the long sides 5, 4 'of the formwork elements 1, 3.
Fig. 8 zeigt drei miteinander gekoppelte Schalungselemente 2, 29, 3, wobei das zwischen den Schalungselementen 2, 3 befindliche Schalungselement als zweiteiliges Eckelement 29 ausgebildet ist. Die Schalungselemente 2, 3 können identisch zu denjenigen Schalungselementen ausgebildet sein, welche in Verbindung mit den Fig. 1 bis 5 erläutert wurden.8 shows three formwork elements 2, 29, 3 coupled to one another, the formwork element located between the formwork elements 2, 3 being designed as a two-part corner element 29. The formwork elements 2, 3 can be designed identically to those formwork elements which were explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 5.
Das Eckelement 29 besteht aus einem Winkelteil 30 und einem Anschlussteil 31 , welche auf erfindungsgemäße Art und Weise miteinander verhakt sind. Die Innenseite 8 des Schalungselements 2 wird durch einen ersten Bereich 32 der Innenseite des Winkelteils 30 verlängert. An den ge- nannten Innenseitenbereich 32 schließt sich ein weiterer Innenseitenbe- reich 33 des Winkelteils 30 an, wobei die beiden Innenseitenbereiche 32, 33 einen Winkel von 270° miteinander einschließen. An den Innenseitenbereich 33 des Winkelteils 30 schließt sich auf der dem Schalungselement 2 abgewandten Seite des Eckelements 29 die Innenseite 8 des Schalungs- elements 3 an. Die Innenseite 8 des Schalungselements 3 und der Innenseitenbereich 33 des Winkelteils 30 schließen miteinander einen Winkel von 90° ein.The corner element 29 consists of an angle part 30 and a connecting part 31, which are hooked together in the manner according to the invention. The inside 8 of the formwork element 2 is extended by a first region 32 of the inside of the angle part 30. A further inner side area is connected to the named inner side area 32. rich 33 of the angular part 30, the two inner side regions 32, 33 enclosing an angle of 270 ° with one another. The inner side region 33 of the angle part 30 is followed by the inner side 8 of the formwork element 3 on the side of the corner element 29 facing away from the formwork element 2. The inside 8 of the formwork element 3 and the inside 33 of the angle part 30 enclose an angle of 90 ° with one another.
Der Aufbau der Schalungselemente 2, 3 muss an dieser Stelle nicht näher erläutert werden, da in der vorstehenden Beschreibung der Fig. 1 bis 5 bereits entsprechende Ausführungen gemacht wurden. Zum Aufbau des Eckelements 29 ist folgendes zu bemerken:The structure of the formwork elements 2, 3 need not be explained in more detail here, since corresponding explanations have already been made in the above description of FIGS. 1 to 5. The following should be noted regarding the construction of the corner element 29:
Das Winkelteil 30 besteht aus zwei parallel zueinander verlaufenden, je- weils um 90° abgewinkelten Plattenelementen 34, welche zwischen sich einen Hohlraum 35 einschließen. Die Oberfläche des einen der beiden Plattenelemente 34 bildet dabei die Innenseitenbereiche 32, 33 des Winkelteils 30. Anstelle des anderen Plattenelements 34 könnten bei bestimmten Anwendungen gegebenenfalls auch lediglich voneinander beabstande- te Verstärkungsstege zum Einsatz gelangen, welche keine durchgehende Fläche bilden.The angle part 30 consists of two plate elements 34 which run parallel to one another and are each angled by 90 ° and enclose a cavity 35 between them. The surface of one of the two plate elements 34 forms the inner side regions 32, 33 of the angle part 30. Instead of the other plate element 34, reinforcement webs which are only spaced apart and which do not form a continuous surface could possibly be used in certain applications.
In den dem Schalungselement 2 zugewandten Endbereich des Winkelteils 30 ist in den Hohlraum 35 ein Einschubprofil 36 eingeschoben, welches in seinem dem Schalungselement 2 zugewandten Bereich exakt so ausgebildet ist, wie das in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 beschriebene Basisprofil 11. Insofern können Schalungselement 2 und Winkelteil 3 exakt so miteinander gekoppelt werden, wie die Schalungselemente 2 und 1 gemäß Fig. 1. Auf seiner dem Einschubprofil 36 abgewandten Seite besitzt das Winkelteil 30 ein weiteres Einschubprofil 37, das in seiner Ausgestaltung exakt dem Einschubprofil 14 entspricht, welches ebenfalls in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 erläutert wurde. Insofern könnte also an das Einschubprofil 37 di- rekt ein Schalungselement 3 angekoppelt werden, dessen Innenseite 8 dann parallel zum Innenseitenbereich 33 des Winkelteils 30 verlaufen würde. Eine derartige, grundsätzlich mögliche Anordnung ist in Fig. 8 jedoch nicht gezeigt.In the end area of the angular part 30 facing the formwork element 2, an insertion profile 36 is inserted into the cavity 35, which in its area facing the formwork element 2 is designed exactly as the basic profile 11 described in connection with FIG. 1. In this respect, formwork element 2 and Angle part 3 can be coupled to one another exactly as the formwork elements 2 and 1 according to FIG. 1. On its side facing away from the insertion profile 36, the angle part 30 has a further insertion profile 37, which corresponds in its design exactly to the insertion profile 14, which was also explained in connection with FIG. 1. In this respect, a formwork element 3 could be coupled directly to the insertion profile 37, the inner side 8 of which would then run parallel to the inner side region 33 of the angle part 30. Such an arrangement, which is fundamentally possible, is not shown in FIG. 8.
Fig. 8 zeigt vielmehr, dass an das Einschubprofil 37 das Anschlussteil 31 angekoppelt ist, und zwar mittels eines hakenförmigen Fortsatzes 38 und einer Hinterschneidung 39, wobei der hakenförmige Fortsatz 38 und die Hinterschneidung 39 dem hakenförmigen Fortsatz 13' und der hakenförmigen Ausnehmung 12' entsprechen, die in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 erläu- tert wurden. Dementsprechend lassen sich Einschubprofil 37 und Anschlussteil 31 auf die gleiche Weise koppeln, wie die Schalungselemente 1 und 3 gemäß Fig. 1.8 rather shows that the connecting part 31 is coupled to the insertion profile 37, specifically by means of a hook-shaped extension 38 and an undercut 39, the hook-shaped extension 38 and the undercut 39 corresponding to the hook-shaped extension 13 'and the hook-shaped recess 12' which have been explained in connection with FIG. 1. Accordingly, the insertion profile 37 and the connecting part 31 can be coupled in the same way as the formwork elements 1 and 3 according to FIG. 1.
Das Anschlussteil 31 weist ferner ein im Wesentlichen C-förmiges An- Schlusselement auf, welches zwei einander zugewandte Hinterschneidungen 40, 41 besitzt. Diese Hinterschneidungen 40, 41 entsprechen im Wesentlichen den in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 erläuterten Hinterschneidungen 15, 16 des Einschubprofils 14, so dass sie zur Ankopplung an das Basisprofil 11' des Schalungselements 3 geeignet sind.The connecting part 31 also has an essentially C-shaped connecting element which has two undercuts 40, 41 facing one another. These undercuts 40, 41 essentially correspond to the undercuts 15, 16 of the insertion profile 14 explained in connection with FIG. 1, so that they are suitable for coupling to the base profile 11 ′ of the formwork element 3.
Der hakenförmige Fortsatz 38 und die Hinterschneidung 39 einerseits sowie die beiden Hinterschneidungen 40, 41 andererseits sind so zueinander orientiert, dass der Innenseitenbereich 33 des Winkelteils 30 in einem Winkel von 90° an die Innenseite 8 des Schalungselements 3 anschließt. Alternativ könnte diese Orientierung auch so eingestellt werden, dass sich ein beliebiger anderer, von 90° verschiedener Winkel ergibt. The hook-shaped extension 38 and the undercut 39, on the one hand, and the two undercuts 40, 41, on the other hand, are oriented to one another in such a way that the inner side region 33 of the angular part 30 adjoins the inner side 8 of the formwork element 3 at an angle of 90 °. Alternatively, this orientation could also be set so that any other angle, other than 90 °, results.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
erstes Schalungselement ' erstes Schalungselement zweites Schalungselement ' zweites Schalungselement drittes Schalungselement ' drittes Schalungselement Längsseite ' Längsseite Längsseite ' Längsseite " Längsseite Hakenelement ' Hakenelement Hakenelement ' Hakenelement Innenseite ' Innenseite Außenseite Stege Basisprofil ' Basisprofil hakenförmige Ausnehmung ' hakenförmige Ausnehmung hakenförmiger Fortsatz ' hakenförmiger Fortsatz Einschubprofil ' Einschubprofil Hinterschneidung ' Hinterschneidung " Hinterschneidung Hinterschneidung ' Hinterschneidung stufenförmige Ausnehmung ' stufenförmige Ausnehmung " stufenförmige Ausnehmung Zwischenraum Nahtelement Einschubprofil Anschlagfläche Klammer Fortsatz Fortsatz Griffelement halbkreisförmige Ausnehmung oberes Stirnprofil Schrägfläche Eckelement Winkelteil Anschlussteil Innenseitenbereich Innenseitenbereich Plattenelemente Hohlraum Einschubprofil Einschubprofil hakenförmiger Fortsatz Hinterschneidung Hinterschneidung Hinterscheidung first formwork element 'first formwork element second formwork element' second formwork element third formwork element 'third formwork element long side' long side long side 'long side' long side hook element 'hook element hook element' hook element inside 'inside outside webs base profile' base profile hook-shaped recess' hook-shaped recess hook-shaped extension 'hook-shaped extension' Insertion profile 'insertion profile undercut' undercut 'undercut undercut' undercut step-shaped recess 'step-shaped recess' step-shaped recess space seam element insert profile insert stop surface bracket extension extension handle element semicircular recess top end profile inclined surface corner element angled part connector part inside side area inside profile plate elements cavity insert part hook-shaped extension undercut undercut undercut

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schalungssystem für Betonbauten mit einer Mehrzahl von aneinan- der angrenzend montierbaren, eine Schalungsfläche bildenden Schalungselementen (1-3, l'-3'), welche in ihren aneinander angrenzenden Bereichen lösbar miteinander verbindbar sind, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zumindest ein Schalungselement (1-3, l'-3') an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten (4, 5; 4', 5) mit zumindest einem Hakenelement (6, 7; 6', 7') versehen ist, welches mit jeweils einem angrenzenden Schalungselement (1-3, l'-3') verhakbar ist.1. Formwork system for concrete buildings with a plurality of formwork elements (1-3, 1'-3 ') which can be mounted adjacent to one another and form a formwork surface and which can be detachably connected to one another in their adjoining areas, characterized in that at least one formwork element ( 1-3, l'-3 ') on two opposite longitudinal sides (4, 5; 4', 5) is provided with at least one hook element (6, 7; 6 ', 7'), each with an adjacent formwork element ( 1-3, l'-3 ') can be hooked.
2. Schalungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Verbindung zwischen zwei aneinander angrenzenden Schalungselementen (1-3, l'-3') ausschließlich mittels einer Hakverbindung, ohne zusätzliche Verbindungselemente herstellbar ist.2. Formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between two adjacent formwork elements (1-3, 1'-3 ') can only be produced by means of a hook connection, without additional connecting elements.
3. Schalungssystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass sich die Hakenelemente (6,7; 6, 7') über zumindest im Wesentlichen die gesamte Länge des Schalungselements (1-3, l'-3') erstrecken.3. Formwork system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hook elements (6, 7; 6, 7 ') extend over at least substantially the entire length of the formwork element (1-3, 1'-3').
4. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zwei miteinander verhakte Schalungselemente (1-3, l'-3') im Bereich der Schalungsfläche einen bündigen Übergang aufweisen. 4. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two formwork elements (1-3, 1'-3 ') hooked together have a flush transition in the area of the formwork surface.
5. Schalungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zwei miteinander verhakte Schalungselemente (1-3, l'-3') im Bereich der Schalungsfläche einen Winkel ungleich 180°, insbeson- dere einen Winkel von 90° oder 270°, miteinander einschließen.5. Formwork system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two formwork elements (1-3, 1'-3 ') hooked together in the area of the formwork surface have an angle not equal to 180 °, in particular an angle of 90 ° or 270 °, enclose with each other.
6. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Hakverbindung zur Übertragung von Kraftkomponenten zwischen den miteinander verhakten Schalungselementen (1-3, 1'- 3') ausgelegt ist, welche parallel und senkrecht zur Schalungsfläche wirken.6. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook connection is designed for the transmission of force components between the interlocked formwork elements (1-3, 1'- 3 ') which act parallel and perpendicular to the formwork surface.
7. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Hakenelemente (6, 7; 6', 7') an gegenüberliegende Längsseiten (4 ,5; 4', 5') des Schalungselements (1-3, l'-3') angeformt oder angebracht sind, und insbesondere durch Profile (11, 14; 11', 14') gebildet sind, welche das Schalungselement (1-3, l'-3') an seinen Längsseiten (4, 5; 4', 5') abschließen.7. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook elements (6, 7; 6 ', 7') on opposite longitudinal sides (4, 5; 4 ', 5') of the formwork element (1-3, l'- 3 ') are formed or attached, and in particular are formed by profiles (11, 14; 11', 14 '), which formwork element (1-3, l'-3') on its long sides (4, 5; 4 ' , 5 ') complete.
8. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die einander gegenüberliegenden Hakenelemente (6, 7; &, 7') eines Schalungselements (1-3, l'-3')komplementär zueinander ausgebildet sind. 8. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opposing hook elements (6, 7; &, 7 ') of a formwork element (1-3, l'-3') are complementary to each other.
9. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass jedes Hakenelement (6, 7; 6', 7') zwei Hinterschneidungen (12, 13 und 15, 16; 12', 13' und 15', 16') aufweist.9. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each hook element (6, 7; 6 ', 7') has two undercuts (12, 13 and 15, 16; 12 ', 13' and 15 ', 16') ,
10. Schalungs System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Hakverbindung zwischen zwei aneinander angrenzenden Schalungselementen (1-3, l'-3') durch eine Schwenkbewegung eines der beiden Schalungselemente (1-3, l'-3') herstell- und/oder lösbar ist.10. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook connection between two adjacent formwork elements (1-3, l'-3 ') by a pivoting movement of one of the two formwork elements (1-3, l'-3') is producible and / or detachable.
11. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Hakverbindung zwischen zwei aneinander angrenzenden Schalungselementen (1-3, l'-3') durch eine Schwenkbewegung wahlweise des einen oder des anderen Schalungselementes (1-3, l'-3') herstell- und/ oder lösbar ist.11. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook connection between two adjacent formwork elements (1-3, l'-3 ') by a pivoting movement of either one or the other formwork element (1-3, l'-3rd ') is producible and / or detachable.
12. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zwei aneinander angrenzende Schalungselemente (1-3, l'-3') in ihrer fertig montierten Position unter Vorspannung miteinander verhakt sind, wobei die Vorspannung insbesondere durch ein im Be- reich der Hakverbindung vorgesehenes elastisches Dichtelement bewirkbar ist.12. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two adjoining formwork elements (1-3, 1'-3 ') are hooked together in their fully assembled position under prestressing, the prestressing being effected in particular by an in the area of Hook connection provided elastic sealing element can be effected.
13. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass ein Grossteil der eine Schalung bildenden Schalungselemente (1-3, l'-3'), insbesondere mit Ausnahme eines oder mehrerer Nahtelemente (19) alle Schalungselemente (1-3, l'-3')einer Schalung, an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten (4, 5; 4', 5') mit zu- mindest einem Hakenelement (6, 7; 6', 7') versehen ist, welches mit jeweils einem angrenzenden Schalungselement (1-3, l'-3') verhakbar ist.13. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that a large part of the formwork elements (1-3, 1'-3 ') forming a formwork, in particular with the exception of one or more seam elements (19), all formwork elements (1-3, l'-3') of one formwork, on two opposite one another Long sides (4, 5; 4 ', 5') are provided with at least one hook element (6, 7; 6 ', 7'), which can be hooked with an adjacent formwork element (1-3, 1'-3 ') is.
14. Schalungssystem nach Anspruch 13, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zumindest eine Längsseite des Nahtelements (19) mittels eines oder mehrerer separater Verbindungselemente (22) an eine ein Hakenelement (6) aufweisende Längsseite eines angrenzenden Schalungselements (2) koppelbar ist.14. Formwork system according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one long side of the seam element (19) can be coupled by means of one or more separate connecting elements (22) to a long side of an adjacent formwork element (2) having a hook element (6).
15. Schalungssystem nach Anspruch 14, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Verbindungselemente als Klammern, insbesondere als einstückige Federstahlklammern (22) ausgebildet sind.15. Formwork system according to claim 14, characterized in that the connecting elements are designed as clips, in particular as one-piece spring steel clips (22).
16. Schalungssystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Schalungselemente (1-3, l'-3') mit zumindest einer Führung versehen sind, welche aneinander angrenzende Schalungsele- mente (1-3, l'-3') während des Verbindungsvorgangs in einer parallel zum Verbindungsbereich verlaufenden Richtung zueinander ausrichten.16. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork elements (1-3, l'-3 ') are provided with at least one guide which adjoining formwork elements (1-3, l'-3') during the connection process in a direction parallel to the connection area.
17. Schalungssystem nach Anspruch 16, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Führung als Schrägführung ausgebildet ist, welche insbesondere nur an einer Längsseite eines Schalungselements (1-3, l'-3') ausgebildet ist.17. Formwork system according to claim 16, characterized in that that the guide is designed as an inclined guide, which is formed in particular only on one long side of a formwork element (1-3, 1'-3 ').
18. Schalungssystem nach Anspruch 17, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Schrägführung aus zwei voneinander beabstandeten Elementen besteht, welche von der Längsseite des Schalungselements (1-3, l'-3') abstehen und zur Längsseite hin trichterförmig aufeinan- der zulaufen. 18. Formwork system according to claim 17, characterized in that the inclined guide consists of two spaced-apart elements which protrude from the long side of the formwork element (1-3, 1'-3 ') and converge towards the long side in a funnel shape.
PCT/EP2004/011880 2003-10-21 2004-10-20 Formwork system WO2005040526A1 (en)

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