WO2005040064A1 - セラミックス複合材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents

セラミックス複合材料およびその製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005040064A1
WO2005040064A1 PCT/JP2004/016077 JP2004016077W WO2005040064A1 WO 2005040064 A1 WO2005040064 A1 WO 2005040064A1 JP 2004016077 W JP2004016077 W JP 2004016077W WO 2005040064 A1 WO2005040064 A1 WO 2005040064A1
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ceramic
powder
phase
composite material
carbon
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PCT/JP2004/016077
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tomoyuki Ueno
Masashi Yoshimura
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Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
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Priority to EP04793185A priority Critical patent/EP1679293A4/en
Priority to US10/595,577 priority patent/US7723248B2/en
Publication of WO2005040064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005040064A1/ja

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to various structural members ⁇ High wear resistance used for cutting tools, sliding members, mold materials, etc. ⁇ As a low friction ceramic material, ceramic composites with excellent mechanical properties from room temperature to medium to low temperature The present invention relates to a material and a method for manufacturing the same. Background art
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-34580 reports a material having excellent friction characteristics and abrasion resistance characteristics using a composite material of silicon nitride and titanium nitride, a graphite material of 0.5 to 20 wt%, and carbon. I have.
  • JP-A-2003-34580 observation using a SEM at 2,000 times revealed that the open pore ratio was as large as 3% or more and the diameter was 20%. Many pores of ⁇ or more were observed, and it was found that it was impossible to use them as molds.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-100646 discloses that alumina, zircoair powder contains 0.5 to 6 wt% of C, Cr, Mo, W, A1, Ti, and Ni as oxidation resistant alloys. Although high toughness materials have been reported, the C content is as low as 0.1 to 0.2 wt%, and lacks lubricity as a mold.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-87029 reports that a material obtained by adding 2 to 5 wt% of carbon having a particle size of 5 ⁇ or more to silicon carbide has excellent wear resistance.
  • the publication discloses a material in which graphite having an average crystal grain size of 3 to 6 m is dispersed in a titanium carbide matrix by 3 to 3 wt%.
  • the average crystal grain size of carbon is as large as 3 ⁇ or more, and when processed into a desired shape, the surface roughness is affected by the grain size, making it difficult to obtain a mirror surface shape with an average surface roughness of 10 nm or less. is there.
  • Hei 10-231 174 discloses that graphite and BN are dispersed in non-oxide ceramics and an iron compound (oxide, silicate, etc.) is interposed in the boundary layer. Although it has been reported that it contains iron, it is not suitable for use as a mold because it contains iron and is degraded by oxidation and lacks stability at high temperatures. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention provides a ceramic composite material having excellent releasability from glass, resin, ceramics, and the like, in addition to having excellent mechanical properties from room temperature to medium to high temperatures, and a method for producing the same. To do.
  • the present inventors have found that, in a ceramics composite material containing a phase containing carbon as a main component, the average crystal grain size of the ceramics composite material is 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 nm or less. It can be seen that the above problem can be solved by doing! /, And the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention has the following configuration.
  • a ceramic composite material comprising a carbon-based phase and a ceramic phase (excluding carbon) having an average crystal grain size of 3 ⁇ or less, preferably 30 nm or less.
  • Sintering temperature 800-1500 ° C, sintering pressure 20 OMPa or more A method for producing a ceramic composite material, comprising a phase mainly composed of carbon and a ceramic phase, having an average crystal grain size of 3 m or less, preferably 3 O nm or less, characterized by being sintered.
  • the ceramic powder is A1, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf'V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W nitride, carbide, oxidized nitride, composite nitride
  • a method for producing a ceramic composite material comprising a carbon phase and a ceramic phase, each having a size of ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 nm or less.
  • a method for producing a ceramic composite material comprising: the ceramic phase comprising a phase mainly containing carbon having an average crystal grain size of 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 nm or less, according to (7).
  • the present invention is a ceramic composite material comprising a phase mainly composed of carbon and a ceramic phase having an average crystal grain size of 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 nm or less.
  • the phase mainly composed of carbon exhibits high mold release properties with glass, resin, ceramics, etc. If the average crystal grain size of the phase of the ceramic composite material exceeds 3 ⁇ m, the average surface roughness is too large to obtain a mirror-like shape when processed into a desired shape.
  • the carbon in the present invention may be composed of S-carbon, which is a constituent material.
  • S-carbon which is a constituent material.
  • the carbon content is 2 to 98 wt% .If the content is less than this, it is not preferable because the releasability is reduced.If the content is more than this, sintering is not performed. Not preferred.
  • Force S Preferably this content-carbon is 30 ⁇ 8 Ow t%, particularly preferably 40 ⁇ 6 Ow t 0/0. If the carbon content is within this range, glass, resin, ceramic The releasability from a mix or the like is further improved.
  • the ceramic phase in the ceramic composite material of the present invention is a group consisting of nitrides, carbides and oxides of A 1, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W. It is desirable to be formed by at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
  • the ceramic phase may be a composite nitride, a composite carbide, or a composite oxide of the above-mentioned metals, or may be a carbonitride, an oxynitride, a carbonitride, or a carbonate of the above-mentioned metals.
  • One or more ceramic phases are appropriately selected depending on the partner material to be formed, and the content thereof is desirably 2 to 98 wt%.
  • a known sintering aid may be used to improve the sinterability.
  • the amount of the oxide-based sintering aid is increased, the reaction with carbon becomes violent, It is not preferable because it is difficult to produce a dense material and the mechanical properties are deteriorated.
  • the ceramic composite material of the present invention has an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 nm or less, Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W
  • a mixed powder of at least one kind of ceramic powder of nitride, carbide and oxide and carbon powder is formed, and the obtained compact is sintered in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 800 to 15
  • the above mixed powder further contains A1, S
  • It may contain at least one metal selected from 1, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W. These metals react with the carbon in the mixed powder or to form a carbide, or a non-oxidizing atmosphere if N 2, react with N 2 to form a nitride. In some cases, carbides or nitrides may be formed by a mechanochemical reaction during mixing.
  • the sintering temperature is lower than 800 ° C, it is difficult to obtain a ceramic composite material without promoting the sintering reaction. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 15 ° C., the sintering reaction is promoted too much, the particle size becomes coarse, and the mechanical properties decrease.
  • the sintering temperature is particularly preferably from 1000 to 140 ° C.
  • sintering pressure is less than 20 OMPa, the sintering reaction is not accelerated and a ceramics composite material cannot be obtained.
  • a suitable pressure is at least 500 MPa.
  • the measuring method used in the examples is as follows.
  • a mercury porosimeter (Shimadzu 9420) was used.
  • Mercury is injected into the pore, and the pore volume and pore diameter are calculated from the volume of the injected mercury.
  • the obtained secondary composite particles were subjected to qualitative analysis by XRD. As a result, peaks of Si 3 N 4 , ZrN, ZrCN, ZrC and C could be confirmed. Further, as a result of observing this secondary composite particle powder with a transmission electron microscope, the average particle size was 3 ⁇ or less.
  • a ceramic composite material was obtained by sintering in a vacuum atmosphere under the conditions shown in Table 1. In this case, the temperature of the surface of the die was measured with a two-color thermometer. table
  • the average crystal grain size of the ceramic composite material obtained under the conditions of sintering temperature 800 to: 1500 ° C and sintering pressure 200 to 5000 MPa is 3 ⁇ or less. It has been found. When the sintering temperature reaches 1700 ° C, grain growth is remarkably accelerated and The average crystal grain size was larger than 3 m, and the surface roughness of the lap polished surface of the ceramic composite material could not maintain the desired accuracy.
  • the open pore ratio of the sintered body using the above sintering conditions was as good as less than 1%. If the open pore ratio is greater than 1%, for example, when used as a glass mold, glass will enter the pores, causing problems such as mold releasability and projections on the transfer surface.
  • a powder obtained by adding a graphite powder having an average particle size of 5 ⁇ at a ratio shown in Table 3 was mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere of 0.IMP a. were mixed in acceleration 10 G by Po / remills device using the S ia N 4 balls.
  • sintering was performed in a vacuum atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1150 ° C./a sintering pressure of 1000 MPa to obtain a ceramic composite material.
  • the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • the average crystal grain size, open pore ratio, and bending strength were evaluated.
  • a product made by He111111 & Company was used. The evaluation was performed using ex glass. The evaluation method is as follows.
  • the above Pyrex glass of 1 Omm was pressed at a molding temperature of 720 ° C and a molding pressure of 1 OMPa for 60 seconds.
  • a glass forming test was performed 100 times, and the releasability was evaluated as follows. First, Pyre X glass separates from the mold without external force after molding is completed, and there is no chipping, cracking or clouding in the appearance inspection of the Pyre X glass, and the surface roughness of the transferred surface of the Pyre X glass after molding. Those with a force S 0.03 ⁇ m (R a) or less were judged to be good. The number of non-defective products was harmed by the number of molding tests. For example, if 50 good products are obtained in .100 molding tests, the releasability will be 50%. Table 4 shows the above results. Table 4
  • Pyrex force Pressed for 60 seconds under the pressurization condition of 72 ° C./10 MPa.
  • the ceramic composite material with a graphite content of 2 to 98 wt% satisfied the open pore ratio of less than 1% and the average crystal grain size of 3 ⁇ m or less.
  • the releasability from Pyrex glass is very good at 90% or more at a graphite content of 20 to 98 wt%, and the releasability is close to 60% even at a content of 2%, and it is sufficiently used as a mold. Useable results were obtained.
  • the graphite content is 1 wt%, the releasability is poor. Very bad.
  • a carbon powder having a particle size of ⁇ m or less and a sintering aid to be added as required were mixed in the composition shown in Table 5, and mixed at an acceleration of 1 OG using a ball mill to obtain a mixed powder.
  • the secondary composite particles were used and sintered in a vacuum atmosphere under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1150 ° C./a sintering pressure of 1 000 MPa to produce a ceramic composite material.
  • the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • a ceramic powder having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m was used, and the remainder was converted into a carbon powder having an average particle size of 5 / im or less, to which a sintering aid was added as necessary.
  • the mixture was blended with the composition shown in 7, and mixed at an acceleration of 10 G using a ball mill to obtain a mixed powder.
  • this mixed powder is sintered under the conditions of a sintering degree of 1 15 CTCZ and a sintering pressure of 100 OMPa, in an N 2 gas atmosphere when the ceramic powder is Si 3 N 4 or A 1 N, and when the ceramic powder is S i C, the a 1 2 ⁇ 3, 3 YZ r 0 2 ceramic composite material and each sintered in a r gas atmosphere in the case of (3 seven percent of 2 0 3 Z r 0 2 stabilized) Obtained. In this case, the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • the obtained secondary composite particles were subjected to qualitative analysis by XRD. As a result, peaks of SiC, CrN, CrCN, CrC and C could be confirmed. Further, as a result of observing the secondary composite particle powder with a transmission electron microscope, the average crystal grain size was 3 ⁇ or less.
  • the secondary composite particle powder was sintered in a vacuum atmosphere under the conditions shown in Table 9 to obtain a ceramic composite material. Sintered. In this case, the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer. Table 9
  • the obtained secondary composite particles were subjected to qualitative analysis by XRD, and broad peaks of Si 3 N 4 , Tin, TiCN, TiC and C could be confirmed. . Further, as a result of observing this secondary composite particle powder with a transmission electron microscope, the average particle size was 30 nm or less.
  • the open pore ratio of the sintered body using the above sintering conditions was as good as less than 1%. If the open pore ratio is more than 1%, for example, when used as a glass mold, the glass enters the pores and causes problems such as releasability and projections on the transfer surface.
  • the S i 3 N 4 powder of a commercially available average particle diameter 0. 5 ⁇ , 2. a 5 wt% of Y 2 0 3 powder and 1 wt% of A 1 2 0 3 powder as sintering aid further average
  • a powder obtained by adding a graphite powder having an average particle size of 5 / m at a ratio shown in Table 13 was mixed with a powder having a particle size of 0.
  • mixing was performed at an acceleration of 150 G for 12 hours by a ball mill using Si 3 N 4 balls.
  • sintering was performed in a vacuum atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1200 ° C./a sintering pressure of 1000 MPa to obtain a ceramic composite material.
  • the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • the average crystal grain size, open pore ratio, and bending strength were evaluated.
  • evaluation was performed using Pyrex glass manufactured by Helmma. The evaluation method is as follows: using this ceramic composite material, which has been cut into ⁇ 2 Omm and then subjected to surface lap polishing to a surface roughness of 0.02 ⁇ m (Ra), as a mold, the above Pyrex glass of ⁇ 10 mm is formed at a molding temperature. Pressing was performed at 720 ° C and a molding pressure of 1 OMPa for 60 seconds. A glass forming test was performed 500 times, and the releasability was evaluated as follows.
  • the ceramic composite material with a graphite content of 2 to 98 wt% satisfied the open pore ratio of less than 1% and the average particle size of 30 nm or less. Furthermore, mold release with Pyrex glass is very good at 95% or more at a graphite content of 20 to 98 wt%, and the mold releasability is 60% or more even at a content of 2%. A result that can be used as a mold was obtained. When the graphite content was 1 wt%, the releasability was extremely deteriorated. If the graphite content exceeds 9 wt%, sintering becomes difficult.If the graphite content is 98 wt%, a sintered body can be produced once every few times. It becomes impossible to obtain a sintered body.
  • ceramic powder (1) with an average particle size of 40 wt% 0.5 ⁇ , ceramic powder (2) with an average particle size of 20 wt% 0.5 ⁇ m, and the average of the rest are blended with the composition shown in Table 15 and mixed using a pole mill at a power P speed of 150 G for 12 hours. A mixed powder was obtained.
  • sintering was performed in a vacuum atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1200 ° C./a sintering pressure of 1000 MPa to produce a ceramic composite material.
  • the temperature at this time As a rule, the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • Pyrex force pressed at 720 ° C / 10MPa for 60 seconds.
  • a ceramic powder with an average particle size of 0.5 m as shown in Table 17 was used, and the remainder was carbon powder with an average particle size of 5 ⁇ or less, and a sintering aid was added if necessary.
  • the composition was mixed, and the mixture was vigorously mixed with a ball mill at an acceleration of 150 G for 12 hours to obtain a mixed powder. Observation of the obtained secondary compound-containing powder with a transmission electron microscope revealed that the average particle size was 30 nm or less.
  • the above composite powder is sintered at a sintering temperature of 1200, a sintering pressure of 100 OMPa, a ceramic powder of Si 3 N 4 or A 1 N in an N 2 gas atmosphere, and a ceramic powder of In the case of S i C, A 1 2 0 3 YZ r 0 2 ( ⁇ r 0 2 stabilized with 3 wt% Y 2 0 3 ), the ceramic composite material is sintered by sintering in an Ar gas atmosphere. Obtained. In this case, the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • Pressing was performed for 60 seconds under the pressurizing condition of 720 ° C / 10MPa.
  • the S i C powder commercially available having an average particle size of 0. 5 mu m, 2. a 5 wt% of Y 2 0 3 powder and 1 wt% of eight 1 2 0 3 powder as sintering aid further the average particle 20 wt% of metal CrN powder with a diameter of 3 ⁇ m and 40 wt% of graphite powder with an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m were added.
  • the powder was mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere of 0.1 IMP a at an acceleration of 1500 for 12 hours using a ball mill using a ball made of SiC.
  • the obtained secondary composite particles were subjected to qualitative analysis by XRD, and broad peaks of SiC, CrN, CrCN, CrC and C could be confirmed. Further, as a result of observing this secondary composite particle powder with a transmission electron microscope, the average particle size was found to be 3 Onm or less.
  • the secondary composite particles were sintered in a vacuum atmosphere under the conditions shown in Table 19 to obtain a ceramic composite material.
  • the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • Pyrex force pressed at 720 ° C / 10MPa for 60 seconds.
  • Table 2 1 A commercially available powder obtained by adding a graphite powder having an average particle size of 5 ⁇ to a commercially available SiC powder having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m without adding a sintering agent and adding a ratio shown in Table 21 to the powder, In a nitrogen atmosphere of 0.1 MPa, mixing was performed for 12 hours at an acceleration of 150 G using a ball mill using Si 3 N 4 balls. Table 2 1
  • the obtained secondary composite particles were subjected to qualitative analysis by XRD, broad peaks of SiC and C could be confirmed. Further, as a result of observing this secondary composite particle powder with a transmission electron microscope, the average particle size was 30 nm or less.
  • a ceramic composite material was obtained by sintering in a vacuum atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1200 ° C. and a sintering pressure of 1000 MPa.
  • the temperature of the die surface was measured with a two-color thermometer.
  • the evaluation method was as follows: The ceramic composite material, which had been cut into ⁇ 20 mm and then subjected to surface lap polishing to a surface roughness of 0.02 m (R a), was The ceramic was pressed at a sintering temperature of 100 ° C. and a molding pressure of 50 MPa. A molding test was performed 100 times, and the releasability was evaluated in the following manner.
  • the ZnS ceramics separates from the mold without applying external force, and the molded ZnS ceramics are not chipped, cracked or discolored, and the surface roughness of the molded ZnS ceramic transfer surface is reduced.
  • the following products were judged as non-defective products.
  • the percentage value obtained by dividing the number of conforming products by the number of molding tests is defined as the releasability (%). For example, if 50 good products are obtained in 100 molding tests, the releasability will be 50%. Table 22 shows the above results. Table 2 2
  • the ceramic composite material of the present invention has excellent wear resistance, low friction properties, and high releasability from glass, resin, ceramics, etc., it can be used as a cutting tool, a sliding member, and a mold type material. high.

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Abstract

 切削工具、摺動部材、モールド型材料等に適した高耐摩耗・低摩擦のセラミック材料を提供すること。 平均結晶粒径3μm以下好ましくは30nm以下の、炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相(但し、炭素を除く)とからセラミックス複合材料を構成する。セラミックス相は、Al,Si,Ti,Zr,Hf,V,Nb,Ta,Cr,Mo、Wの窒化物、炭化物、酸化物、複合窒化物、複合炭化物、複合酸化物、炭窒化物、酸窒化物、炭窒酸化物及び炭酸化物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である。この複合材料は、原料粉末を焼結温度800~1500℃、焼結圧力200MPa以上で焼結することによって得られる。

Description

明細書
セラミックス複合材料およびその製造方法 技術分野
·本発明は、 各種構造部材ゃ切削工具, 摺動部材, モールド型材料等に使用され る高耐摩耗 ·低摩擦のセラミック材料として、 室温から中低温領域で優れた機械 的特性を有するセラミックス複合材料及びその製造方法に関する。 背景技術
従来、 窒化ケィ素等のセラミックス材料に C等の固体潤滑性粒子を分散させ、 摩擦係数や比摩耗量を改善した材料が知られている。
例えば、 特開 2003- 34580号公報には窒化ケィ素と窒化チタンならびに 0. 5〜 20 w t %のグラフアイ ト, カーボンの複合材料により、 摩擦特性ゃ耐 摩耗特性に優れた材料が報告されている。 し力 し、 特開 2003- 34580号公 報に記載の条件で粉末の焼結を試みた結果、 S EMを用いて 2000倍で観察を 行ったところオープンポア率が 3%以上と大きく直径 20 μπι以上のポアが多数 観察され、 型として使用することは不可能であることが判明した。
また、 特開昭 60-100646号公報にはアルミナ, およびジルコエアの粉末 に耐酸化性合金として C, C r, Mo, W, A 1 , T i , N iを 0. 5〜6w t %含有する高靭性材料が報告されているが、 Cの含有量が 0. 1〜0. 2w t %と少なく、 型としての潤滑性に欠ける。
そして、 特開平 09-87029号公報には炭化ケィ素に粒径 5 μιη以上の炭素 を 2〜5 Owt%添加した材料が耐摩耗性に優れると報告されており、 特開平 0 5-301 773号公報には炭化チタンマトリックス中に平均結晶粒径 3〜 6 m のグラフアイトを 3〜3 Ow t %分散した材料が報告されている。 しかし、 炭素 の平均結晶粒径が 3 μπι以上と大きく、 所望の形状に加工した際に表面粗さが粒 径の影響を受け、 平均面粗さ 10 nm以下の鏡面形状を得ることが困難である。 さらに、 特開平 10-231 1 74号公報には非酸化物系セラミックスにグラフ アイ ト, BNを分散させ境界層に鉄の化合物 (酸化物, ケィ化物等) を介在させ た材料が報告されているが、 鉄を含有するために酸化による劣化や、 高温での安 定性に欠ける等、 型材としての使用には適さない。 発明の開示
本発明は、 上記の事情に鑑み、 室温から中高温域で優れた機械的特性を有する 他、 ガラス, 榭脂, セラミックス等との高い離型性を有するセラミックス複合材 料及びその製造方法を提供するものである。
本発明者等は、 検討を重ねた結果、 炭素を主成分とする相を含有するセラミツ クス複合材料において、 該セラミ ックス複合材料の平均結晶粒径を 3 μ m以下好 ましくは 30 nm以下とすることにより上記課題を解決することができることを 見!/、だして本発明を完成したものである。
すなわち、 本発明は次の構成を有する。
(1) 平均結晶粒径が 3 μιη以下好ましくは 30 nm以下の、 炭素を主成分とす る相とセラミックス相 (但し、 炭素を除く) とからなることを特徴とするセラミ ックス複合材料。
(2) 上記炭素を主成分とする相の含有量が 2〜 98 w t%であることを特徴と する上記 (1) のセラミックス複合材料。
(3) 研磨後表面のオープンポア率が 1 %以下であることを特徴とする上記 (1) 、 (2) のセラミックス複合材料。
(4) 焼結体のビッカース硬度が 1 O GP a以上であることを特徴とする上記 (1) 、 (2) のセラミックス複合材料
(5) セラミックス相が A 1 , S i , T i, Z r, H f , V, N b , T a, C r, Mo、 Wの窒化物、 炭化物、 酸化物、 複合窒化物、 複合炭化物、 複合酸化 物、 炭窒化物、 酸窒化物、 炭窒酸化物及ぴ炭酸化物よりなる群から選ばれる少な くとも 1種により構成されることを特徴とする上記 (1) 〜 (4) のセラミック ス複合材料。
(6) 平均粒径が 3 μπι以下好ましくは 30 nm以下の、 セラミックス粉末 (但 し、 炭素粉末を除く) と炭素粉末との混合粉末を成形し、 得られた成形体を非酸 化性雰囲気中で、 焼結温度 800〜 1 500°C、 焼結圧力 20 OMP a以上で焼 結することを特徴とする、 平均結晶粒径 3 m以下好ましくは 3 O nm以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相と力 らなるセラミックス複合材料の製造 方法。
(7) 前記セラミックス粉末が、 A 1, S i , T i , Z r , H f ' V, Nb, T a, C r, Mo、 Wの窒化物、 炭化物、 酸ィ匕物、 複合窒化物、 複合炭化物、 複合 酸化物、 炭窒化物、 酸窒化物、 炭窒酸化物及ぴ炭酸化物よりなる群から選ばれる 少なくとも 1種であることを特徴とする請求項 5記載の平均結晶粒径 3 μ m以下 好ましくは 30 nm以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相とからなる セラミックス複合材料の製造方法。
(8) 混合粉末が更に A 1, S i , T i, Z r , H f , V, Nb, T a, C r, Mo, Wから選ばれる少なく とも 1種の金属を含むことを特徴とする上記
( 6 ) 、 (7) の平均結晶粒径 3 μ m以下好ましくは 30 n m以下の炭素を主成 分とする相と、 セラミックス相とからなるセラミックス複合材料の製造方法。 発明を実施するための最良の形態
本発明は平均結晶粒径 3 μ m以下好ましくは 30 n m以下の、 炭素を主成分と する相とセラミックス相とからなることを特徴とするセラミックス複合材料であ る。 このセラミックス複合材料の内、 炭素を主成分とする相がガラス, 樹脂, セ ラミックス等と高い離型性を示す。 セラミ ックス複合材料の相の平均結晶粒径が 3 μ mを超える場合は、 所望の形状に加工した際に平均面粗さが大きく鏡面形状 を得ることが出来ない。
また、 本発明における炭素とは構成物質力 S炭素からなるものであればよく、 例 えば、 グラフアイ ト (C) , グラッシ一カーボン (GC) , ダイヤモンド, カー ボンナノチューブ (CNT) , フラーレン (C60) , カーボンナノファイバー (CNF) 等から適宜選択することができる。 炭素の含有量は 2〜98 w t%で あることが望ましく、 この含有量より少なレ、場合は離型性が低下するため好まし くなく、 この含有量より多い場合は焼結しないため同様に好ましくない。 この炭 素の含有量は 30〜8 Ow t%であること力 S好ましく、 40〜6 Ow t0/0である ことが特に好ましい。 炭素含有量がこの数値範囲にあれば、 ガラス, 樹脂, セラ ミックス等との離型性が一層向上する。
本発明のセラミックス複合材料におけるセラミックス相は、 A 1 , S i, T i , Z r, H f , V, Nb, T a, C r , Mo , Wの窒化物、 炭化物及び酸化物 よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも 1種によって形成されることが望ましい。 ま た、 セラミックス相は上記金属の複合窒化物、 複合炭化物、 複合酸化物であって もよく、 また上記金属の炭窒化物、 酸窒化物、 炭窒酸化物、 炭酸化物であっても よい。 セラミックス相は成形される相手材によって 1種類以上を適宜選択されそ の含有量は 2〜98wt%であることが望ましい。 また、 必要に応じて焼結性を よくするために公知の焼結助剤を用いても良いが、 酸化物系の焼結助剤の添加量 を多くすると、 炭素との反応が激しくなり、 緻密な材料を製造しづらくなり機械 的特性が低下するために好ましくない。
本発明のセラミックス複合材料は、 平均粒径 3 μ m以下好ましくは 30 n m以 下の、 A l, S i , T i , Z r , H f , V, Nb, Ta, C r, Mo, Wの窒化 物、 炭化物及び酸化物の少なくとも 1種類のセラミックス粉末と炭素粉末との混 合粉末を成形し、 得られた成形体を非酸化性雰囲気中で、 焼結温度 800〜1 5
00 °C、 焼結圧力 200 M P a以上で焼結することによって得られる。 非酸化性 雰囲気としては、 真空雰囲気又は H2、 N2、 A r等の不活性ガス雰囲気を選択す ることができるが、 真空雰囲気が好ましい。 また、 上記混合粉末は更に A 1, S
1 , T i, Z r, H f , V, Nb, T a , C r, Mo, Wから選ばれる少なくと も 1種の金属を含んでいてもよい。 これらの金属は混合粉末中の炭素と反応して 炭化物を形成するか、 又は、 非酸化性雰囲気が N2であれば、 N2と反応して窒化 物を形成する。 また、 一部は混合中にメカノケミカル反応により炭化物か窒化物 等を形成する場合もある。
焼結温度が 800 °C未満の場合は、 焼結反応が促進されずにセラミックス複合 材料を得ることが困難となる。 また、 1 5ひ 0°Cを超える場合は、 焼結反応が促 進され過ぎて粒径が粗大化し機械的特'卜生が低下する。 焼結温度は 1000〜14 0 o°cが特に好適である。
更に、 焼結圧力が 20 OMP a未満の場合は、 焼結反応が促進されずにセラミツ クス複合材料を得ることができない。 好適な圧力は、 500MP a以上である。 次に実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明する。 なお、 以下では、 w t%は内割 を示す。
実施例において用いた測定方法は次の通りである。
(1) 粉末の平均粒径の測定
TEM (透過電子顕微鏡: 日立製 H- 9000UHRIII) を用いた。
TEMで得られた画像の任意のェリア内から、 無作為に 100個の粉末粒子を 抜き取り、 粒径を測定して、 その平均を平均粉末粒径とした。
(2) 平均結晶粒径の測定
TEM (透過電子顕微鏡: 日立製 H- 9000UHRIII) を用いた。
TEMで得られた画像の任意の場所において、 粒子 50個分を通る直線を引 き、 その長さを粒子数で割ることにより粒子径を求めた。 この作業を任意の場所 5個所で行い、 その平均を平均結晶粒子径とした。
(3) オープンポア率の測定
水銀ポロシメータ (島津製作所製 9420) を用いた。
ポアに水銀を圧入し、 圧入された水銀の容積から細孔容積、 細孔径を計算す る。
(4) 曲げ強度の測定
万能材料試験機 (インストロン製 5585) を用いた。
3点曲げ試験のデータを [J I S R 1601] に準じて計算する。
実施例 1
市販の平均粒径 0. 5 μ mの S i 3 N 4粉末に、 焼結助剤として 2. 5 w t % の Y2 03粉末と 1 w t °/0の A 12 03粉末を加え、 更に平均粒径 1 μ mの金属 Z r粉末を 20 w t %, 平均粒径 5 μ mのダラフアイト粉末を 40 w t %添カロし た粉末を 0. IMP aの窒素雰囲気中において、 S i 3 N4製ボールを用いたボ ールミル装置により加速度 10 Gで混合を行った。
得られた二次複合粒子粉末を X R Dにて定性分析を行ったところ、 S i 3 N 4 , Z r N, Z r CN、 Z r C及ぴ Cのピークを確認、することができた。 また、 この二次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は 3 μπι以下 であった。 次に上記のようにして得られた二次複合粒子粉末を用いて、 表 1に示す条件で 真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミックス複合材料を得た。 この際の温度測定は、 ダ ィス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。 表
Figure imgf000007_0001
*:比較例 得られたセラミックス複合材料に対して研削、 ラッピング処理を施した後、 透 過型電子顕微鏡を用いて各セラミックス複合材料につき任意の 1 0箇所について 平均結晶粒径の測定を実施した。 また、 K銀ポロシメーターを用いてオープンポ ァ率の測定を実施した。 更にビッカース硬度計を用いてビッカース硬度の測定を 実施した。 以上の結果を表 2に示す。 表 2
Figure imgf000007_0002
*:比較例 表 2の結果より、 焼結温度 800〜: 1500 °C, 焼結圧力 200〜5000M P aの条件を用いて得たセラミックス複合材料の平均結晶粒径は 3 μπι以下であ ることが判明した。 焼結温度が 1700°Cになると粒成長が著しく促進されて平 均結晶粒径が 3 mより大きくなり、 セラミックス複合材料表面のラップ研磨面 の面粗さが所望の精度を保つことができなかった。
表 2の結果より、 上記焼結条件を用いた焼結体のオープンポア率は 1 %未満と 良好であることが判明した。 オープンポア率が 1%より大きくなると、 例えばガ ラス成形型として使用した場合に、 ガラスがポア部分に入り込み離型性や転写面 に突起が発生する等の問題が発生する。
実施例 2
市販の平均粒径 0. 5 mの S i 3 N 4粉末に、 焼結助剤として 2. 5 w t % の Y2 03粉末と 1^^%の 12 03粉末を加え、 更に平均粒径 1 imの金属 Z r粉末を 20 w t %を加えた後に、 平均粒径 5 μπιのグラフアイト粉末を表 3 に示す割合を加えて混合した粉末を、 0. IMP aの窒素雰囲気中において、 S i a N4製ボールを用いたポー/レミル装置により加速度 10 Gで混合を行った。 表 3
Figure imgf000008_0001
*:比較例 得られた二次複合粒子粉末を X R Dにて定性分析を行ったところ、 S i N 4 , Z rN, Z r CN、 Z r C及び Cのピークを確認することができた。 また、 この二次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は 3 μ m以下 であった。
次に前記二次複合粒子粉末を用いて、 焼結温度 1 1 50°C/焼結圧力 1000 MP aの条件で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミックス複合材料を得た。 温度測定 は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。 . 得られたセラミックス複合材料に対して研削、 ラッピング処理を施した後、 平 均結晶粒径, オープンポア率, 曲げ強度評価を実施した。 また、 光学ガラスを型 成形した際の離型性を確認するために、 H e 1 1 111 &社製? e xガラスを用 いて評価を行った。 評価方法は、 φ 20 mmに切り出したのち面粗さ 0. 02 m (Ra) に表面ラップ研磨を施した本セラミックス複合材料を型に用いて、 φ
1 Ommの上記 Py r e xガラスを成形温度 720°C, 成形圧力 1 OMP a条件 で 60秒プレスした。 100回のガラス成形試験を行い、 以下の内容で離型性の 評価を行った。 まず成形終了後に Py r e Xガラスが外力を加えずに型と分離 し、 その P y r e Xガラスの外観検査において欠け, 割れ, くもりがなく、 成形 後の P y r e Xガラスの転写面の面粗さ力 S 0. 03 μ m (R a) 以下のものを良 品と判断した。 良品数を成形試験回数で害 IJつた百分率の数値を離型性 (%) と定 義する。 例えば、 .1 00回の成形試験で良品が 50個得られれば離型性は 50% となる。 以上の結果を表 4に示す。 表 4
Figure imgf000009_0001
Pyrex力'ラスの : 72O°C/10MPaの加圧条件で、 60secプレスした。
離型性試験 テスト回数 η=100 表 4の結果より、 グラフアイト含有量 2〜 98 w t %のセラミックス複合材料 の場合、 オープンポア率 1 %未満、 平均結晶粒径 3 μ m以下を満たした。 更に P y r e xガラスとの離型性もグラフアイ ト含有率 20〜98 w t%では 90 %以 上と非常に良好であり、 含有率 2%でも離型性が 60%に近く、 型として十分使 用できる結果が得られた。 またグラフアイ ト含有量 1 w t%の場合は、 離型性が 非常に悪化した。 またグラフアイ ト含有量 9 Ow t%を超えると焼結が困難とな り、 含有量 98 w t%では数回に 1回は焼結体を製造できるが、 含有量 99 w t %を超えると全く焼結体を得ることが不可能となる。
実施例 3
表 5に示すように 40 w t %の平均粒径 0. 5 mのセラミックス粉末(1)と、 平均粒径 0. 5 μπιの 20w t%のセラミックス粉末 (2)と、 残部の平均粒径 5 μ m以下のカーボン粉末と、 必要に応じて加える焼結助剤とを表 5に示す組成で配 合し、 ボールミルを用いて加速度 1 OGで混合し、 混合粉末を得た。 表 5
Figure imgf000010_0001
*) 3Y-ZrOa : 3\^%の丫203で安定化した Zr02 得られた二次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均結晶粒径は
3 μηι以下であった。
次に前記二次複合粒子粉末を用レ、て焼結温度 1 1 50°C/焼結圧力 1 000M P aの条件で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミックス複合材料を製造した。 この際 の温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。
得られたセラミックス複合材料について研削 , ラッピング処理を施した後、 ォ ープンポア率, 平均結晶粒径, 曲げ強度評価を実施した。 また、 光学ガラスを型 成形した際の転写精度と離型性を確認するために、 He 1 1 ma¾^P y r e x ガラスを用いて実施例 2と同様に 1 ◦ 0回の成形試験を行って離型性を評価し た。 以上の結果を表 6に示す, 表 6
Figure imgf000011_0001
* : 720°C/10MPaの加圧条件 DE,60secプレスする。
テスト回数 n = 1 00 実施例 4
表 7に示すように平均粒径 0 . 5 μ mのセラミックス粉末を用いて、 残部を平 均粒径 5 /i m以下のカーボン粉末とし、 これに焼結助剤を必要に応じて加えて表 7に示す組成で配合し、 ボールミル装置を用いて加速度 1 0 Gで混合し、 混合粉 末を得た。 表 7
Figure imgf000011_0002
* :比較例 得られた混合粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均結晶粒径は 3 μ m以 下であった。 次にこの混合粉末を焼結 度 1 15 CTCZ焼結圧力 100 OMP a の条件で、 セラミックス粉末が S i3N4、 A 1 Nの場合は N2ガス雰囲気中で、 ま た、 セラミックス粉末が S i C、 A 123、 3 Y-Z r 02 (3 七%の 203で 安定化した Z r 02) の場合は A rガス雰囲気中でそれぞれ焼結してセラミックス 複合材料を得た。 この際の温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定し た。
得られたセラミックス複合材料に研削, ラッビング処理を施した後、 オープン ポア率, 平均結晶粒径, 曲げ強度評価を実施した。 また、 光学ガラスを型成形し た際の転写精度と離型性を確認するために、 He 1 1 111 &社製?7 e xガラス を用いて実施例 2と同様に 100回の成开試験を行って離型性を評価した。 以上 の結果を表 8に示す。 '
表 8
Figure imgf000013_0001
* : 比較例
Figure imgf000013_0002
* : 比較例
Figure imgf000013_0003
, , ^ *■■ 比較例
Pyrex力'ラスの : 720°C/10MPaの加圧条 ί牛で、 60secプレスした。
離型性試験 亍スト回数 n=100
実施例 5
市販の平均粒径 0 . 5 mの S i C粉末に、 焼結助剤として 2 . 5 w t %の Y 23粉末と 1 w t %の A 1 2 0 3 粉末を加え、 更に平均粒径 3 a mの金属 C r N粉末を 2 0 w t %, 平均粒径 5 μ mのグラフアイ ト粉末を 4 0 w t %添加した 粉末を 0. IMP aの窒素雰囲気中において、 S i C製ボールを用いたボールミ ル装置により加速度 10 Gで混合を行つた。
得られた二次複合粒子粉末を XRD こて定性分析を行ったところ、 S i C, C r N, C r CN, C r C及び Cのピークを確認することができた。 また、 この二 次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均結晶粒径は 3 μπι以下で あった。
次に前記二次複合粒子粉末を表 9に示す条件で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミ ックス複合材料を得た。 焼結した。 この際の温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二 色温度計で測定した。 表 9
Figure imgf000014_0001
得られたセラミックス複合材料に研肖 iJ, ラッビング処理を施した後、 光学ガラ スを型成形した際の形状転写精度と離型性を確認するために、 He 1 l ma社製 Py r e xガ スを用いて実施例 2と同様に 1 00回の成形試験を行って離型性 を評価した。 以上の結果を表 10に示す。 表 10
Figure imgf000015_0001
*:比較例
Pyrex力'ラスの : 720°C/10MPaの加圧条 ί牛で、 60secプレスした。
離型性試験 亍スト回数 n=100
表 10の結果より、 焼結温度 800〜 1 500 °C, 焼結圧力 200 MP a以上 の条件を用いて得た焼結体と P y r e xガラスとの離型性は良好であることが判 明した。 しかし焼結温度 1 70 0 °Cになると、 粒成長が促進されて離型性が著し く低下する。 また、 焼結温度 6 00°Cで焼結圧力 1 00 OMP a以上の場合は離 型性を示すが、 それ以下の焼結圧力で得られたセラミックス複合材料を用いる と、 成形中の加圧力に型が耐えられず破損した。 そして焼結温度 400°Cとなる と焼結体を得ることが困難となった。
実施例 6
市販の平均粒径 0. 5 mの S i 3 N 4粉末に、 焼結助剤として 2. 5 w t % の Y2 03粉末と 1 w t %の A 12 03粉末を加え、 更に平均粒径 0. 5 μπιの 金属 T i粉末を 30 w t %, 平均粒径 5 μ mのグラフアイト粉末を 40 w t %添 加した粉末を 0. IMP aの窒素雰囲気中において、 S i 3 N4製ボールを用い たボールミル装置により加速度 1 50 Gで 1 2時間かけて混合を行った。
得られた二次複合粒子粉末を X R Dにて定性分析を行ったところ、 S i 3 N 4 , T i N, T i CN, T i C及ぴ Cのブロードなピークを確認することができ た。 また、 この二次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は 30 nm以下であった。
次に上記のようにして得られた二次複合粒子粉末を用いて、 表 1 1に示す条件 で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミックス複合材料を得た。 この際の温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。 表 1 1
Figure imgf000016_0001
*:比較例
得られたセラミックス複合材料に研削, ラッピング処理を施した後、 透過型電 子顕微鏡を用いて各セラミックス複合材料につき任意の 1 0箇所について平均結 晶粒径の測定を実施した。 また、 水銀ポロシメータを用いてオープンポア率の測 定を実施した。 以上の結果を表 1 2に示す。 表 1 2
Figure imgf000016_0002
*:比 例 表 1 2の結果より、 焼結温度 80 0〜: 1 500 °C, 焼結圧力 200〜 5000 MP aの条件を用いて得たセラミックス複合材料の平均結晶粒径は 30 nm以下 であることが判明した。 焼結温度が 1 600°Cを超えると粒成長が著しく促進さ れて平均結晶粒径が 30 nmより大きくなり、 セラミックス複合材料表面のラッ プ研磨面の平均面粗さが所望の精度を保つことができなかった。
また、 表 1 2の結果より、 上記焼結条件を用いた焼結体のオープンポア率は 1 %未満と良好であることが判明した。 オープンポア率が 1 %より大きくなる と、 例えばガラス成形型として使用した場合に、 ガラスがポア部分に入り込み離 型性や転写面に突起が発生する等の問題が発生する。
実施例 7
市販の平均粒径 0. 5 μηιの S i 3 N4粉末に、 焼結助剤として 2. 5 w t % の Y2 03粉末と 1 w t %の A 12 03粉末を加え、 更に平均粒径 0. 5 zmの 金属 T i粉末を 30 w t %を加えた後に、 平均粒径 5 / mのグラフアイ ト粉末を 表 1 3に示す割合を加えて混合した粉末を、 0. IMP aの窒素雰囲気中におい て、 S i 3 N4製ボールを用いたボールミル装置により加速度 1 50 Gで 1 2時 間かけて混合を行った。 表 13
Figure imgf000017_0001
*:比較例
得られた二次複合粒子粉末を XRDにて定性分析を行ったところ、 S i 3 N 4 , T i N, T i CN, T i C及び Cのブロードなピークを確認することができ た。 また、 この二次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は
30 nm以下であった。
次に前記二次複合粒子粉末を用いて、 焼結温度 1 200°C/焼結圧力 1000 MP aの条件で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミックス複合材料を得た。 この際の 温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。
得られたセラミックス複合材料に対して研削、 ラッピング処理を施した後、 平 均結晶粒径, オープンポア率, 曲げ強度評価を実施した。 また、 光学ガラスを型 成形した際の離型性を確認するために、 He 1 l ma社製 Py r e xガラスを用 いて評価を行った。 評価方法は、 φ 2 Ommに切り出したのち面粗さ 0. 02 μ m (R a) に表面ラップ研磨を施した本セラミックス複合材料を型に用いて、 φ 10mmの上記 P y r e xガラスを成形温度 720°C, 成形圧力 1 OMP a条件 で 60秒プレスした。 500回のガラス成形試験を行い、 以下の内容で離型性の 評価を行った。 まず成形終了後に P y r e xガラスが外力を加えずに型と分離 し、 その P y r e Xガラスの外観検查において欠け, 割れ, くもりがなく、 成形 後の P y r e Xガ'ラスの転写面の面粗さが 0. 03 μ m (R a ) 以下のものを良 品と判断した。 良品数を成形試験回数で割った百分率の数値を離型性 (%) と定 義する。 例えば、 500回の成形試験で良品が 50個得られれば離型性は 1 0% となる。 以上の結果を表 14に示す。 表 14
Figure imgf000018_0001
PyrexJ!fラスの :720°C/10MPaの加圧条件で、 60secプレスした。
離型性ま験 テスト回数 n=500 表 1 4の結果より、 グラフアイ ト含有量 2〜 9 8 w t %のセラミックス複合材 料の場合、 オープンポア率 1 %未満、 平均粒径 3 0 n m以下を満たした。 更に P y r e xガラスとの離型 生もグラファィ ト含有率 2 0〜 9 8 w t %では 9 5 %以 上と非常に良好であり、 含有率 2 %でも離型性が 6 0 %以上であり、 型として十 分使用できる結果が得られた。 またグラフアイ ト含有量 1 w t %の場合は、 離型 性が非常に悪化した。 またグラフアイ ト含有量 9 O w t %を超えると焼結が困難 となり、 含有量 9 8 w t %では数回に 1回は焼結体が製造できるが、 含有量 9 9 w t %を超えると全く焼結体を得ることが不可能となる。
実施例 8
表 1 5に示すように 4 0 w t %の平均粒径 0 . 5 μ πιのセラミックス粉末(1)、 2 0 w t %の平均粒径 0 . 5 μ mのセラミックス粉末(2)、 残部の平均粒径 5 μ m 以下のカーボン粉末及ぴ必要に応じて加える焼結助剤を表 1 5に示す組成で配合 し、 ポールミルを用いて力 P速度 1 5 0 Gで 1 2時間かけて混合し、 混合粉末を得 た。 表 1 5
Figure imgf000019_0001
得られた二次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は 3 0 ΠΠ1以下であった 0
次に前記二次複合粒子粉末を用いて焼結温度 1200°C/焼結圧力 1000M P aの条件で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミックス複合材料を製造した。 この際 の温度?則定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。
得られたセラミックス複合材料に研削, ラッビング処理を施した後、 オープン ポア率, 平均粒径, 曲げ強度評価を実施した。 更に He 1 11!1 &社製1? 7 6 光学ガラスを型成形した際の離型性評価を確認するため、 Py r e xガラスを 7 20°C 1 OMP aの条件でプレスした後の離型状態を実施例 7と同様に 500 回の成开試験を行い評価した。 以上の結果を表 16に示す。 表 16
Figure imgf000020_0001
Pyrex力'ラスの : 720°C/10MPaの加圧条件で、 60secプレスした。
離型性試験 テスト回数 n=500
実施例 9
表 17に示すような平均粒径 0. 5 mのセラミックス粉末を用い、 残部を平 均粒径 5 μηι以下のカーボン粉末とし、 これに必要に応じて焼結助剤を加えて表 17に示す組成の配合とし、 ボールミル装置を用いて加速度 150Gで 12時間 力、けて混合し、 混合粉末を得た。 得られた二次複含粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は 30 nm以下であった。 表 1 7
Figure imgf000021_0001
*:比較例
次に前記複合粉末を焼結温度 1 200 ノ焼結圧力 100 OMP aの条件で、 セラミックス粉末が S i3N4、 A 1 Nの場合は N2ガス雰囲気中で、 また、 セラミ ックス粉末が S i C、 A 120い 3 Y-Z r 02 (3 w t %の Y203で安定化した Ζ r 02) の場合は A rガス雰囲気中でそれぞれ焼結してセラミックス複合材料を 得た。 この際の温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。
得られたセラミックス複合材料に研削, ラッピング処理を施した後、 オープン ポア率, 平均粒径, 曲げ強度評価を実施した。 また、 光学ガラスを型成形した際 の転写精度と離型性を確認するために、 He 1 11!1 &社製?7 e xガラスを用 いて実施例 7と同様に 500回の成形試験を行って評価した。 以上の結果を表 1 8に示す。 表 1 8
Figure imgf000022_0001
*: 比較例
Figure imgf000022_0002
*: 比較例
Figure imgf000022_0003
720°C/10MPaの加圧条件で、 60secプレスした。
実施例 1 0
市販の平均粒径 0. 5 μ mの S i C粉末に、 焼結助剤として 2. 5 w t %の Y 2 03 粉末と 1 w t %の八 1 2 03粉末を加え、 更に平均粒径 3 μ mの金属 C r N粉末を 20 w t %, 平均粒径 5 μ mのグラフアイ ト粉末を 40 w t %添加した 粉末を 0. IMP aの窒素雰囲気中において、 S i C製ボールを用いたボールミ ル装置により加速度 1 500で1 2時間かけて混合を行った。
得られた二次複合粒子粉末を X R Dにて定性分析を行つたところ、 S i C、 C r N、 C r CN、 C r C及び Cのブロードなピークを確認することができた。 ま た、 この二次複合粒子粉末を透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は 3 O n m以 fでめった。
次に前記二次複合粒子粉末を表 1 9に示す条件で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラ ミックス複合材料を得た。 この際の温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計 で測定した。 表 1 9
Figure imgf000023_0001
得られたセラミックス複合材料に研削、 ラッピング処理を施した後、 H e l l m a社製 P y r e x光学ガラスを型成形した際の離型性評価を確認するため、 P y r e Xガラスを 7 2 °C/ 1 OMP aの条件でプレスした後の離型状態を実施 例 7と同様に 5 0 0回の成形試験を行って評価した。 以上の結果を表 2 0に示 す。 表 20
Figure imgf000024_0001
*:比較例
Pyrex力'ラスの : 720°C/10MPaの加圧条件で、 60secプレスした。
離型性試験 テスト回数 η=500
表 20の結果より、 焼結温度 800〜1 500 °C, 焼結圧力 200 MP a以上 の条件を用いて得た焼結体と P y r e Xガラスとの離型性は良好であることが判 明した。 しかし焼結温度 1 600°Cになると、 粒成長が促進されて離型性が著し く低下する。 また、 焼結温度 600°Cで焼結圧力 1 00 OMP a以上の場合は離 型性を示すが、 それ以下の焼結圧力で得られた焼結体を用いると、 成形中の加圧 力に型が耐えられず破損した。 そして焼結温度 400 °Cとなると焼結体を得るこ とが困難となる。
実施例 1 1
市販の平均粒径 0. 5 μ mの S i C粉末に、 焼結助剤を添加せず、 平均粒径 5 μηιのグラフアイ ト粉末を表 21に示す割合を加えて混合した粉末を、 0. 1M P aの窒素雰囲気中において、 S i 3 N4製ボールを用いたボールミル装置によ り加速度 150Gで 1 2時間かけて混合を行った。 表 2 1
Figure imgf000025_0001
得られた二次複合粒子粉末を X R Dにて定性分析を行つたところ、 S i C及び Cのブロードなピークを確認することができた。 また、 この二次複合粒子粉末を 透過電子顕微鏡で観察した結果、 平均粒径は 3 0 n m以下であつた。
次に前記二次複合粒子粉末を用いて、 焼結温度 1 2 0 0 °CZ焼結圧力 1 0 0 0 M P aの条件で真空雰囲気中で焼結してセラミックス複合材料を得た。 この際の 温度測定は、 ダイス表面の温度を二色温度計で測定した。
得られたセラミックス複合材料を用いて、 Z n Sセラミックスを型焼結した際 の離型性を確認するために、 市販の Z n S粉末を用いて評価を行った。 評価方法 は、 ψ 2 0 mmに切り出したのち面粗さ 0 . 0 2 m ( R a ) に表面ラップ研磨 を施した本セラミックス複合材料を型に用いて、 Φ 2 O mmの上記 Z n Sセラミ ックスを焼結温度 1 0 0 0 °C, 成形圧力 5 0 M P aの条件でプレスした。 1 0 0 回の成形試験を行い、 以下の内容で離型性の評価を行った。 まず成形終了後に Z n Sセラミックスが外力を加えずに型と分離し、 成形後の Z n Sセラミックスに 欠け, 割れ, 変色がなく、 成形後の Z n Sセラミックスの転写面の面粗さが 0 . 0 3 μ χ ( R a ) 以下のものを良品と判断した。 良品数を成形試験回数で割った 百分率の数値を離型性 (%) と定義する。 例えば、 1 0 0回の成形試験で良品が 5 0個得られれば離型性は 5 0 %となる。 以上の結果を表 2 2に示す。 表 2 2
Figure imgf000026_0001
* 68回目で型が破損した
焼結条件 1200°C 1000 Pa
産業上の利用可能性
本発明のセラミックス複合材料は優れた耐摩耗性、 低摩擦性及びガラス、 樹 脂、 セラミックス等との高い離型性を有するため、 切削工具、 摺動部材、 モール ド型材料としての利用性が高い。

Claims

請求の範囲
1. 平均結晶粒径が 3 m以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相 (伹 し、 炭素を除く) とからなることを特徴とするセラミックス複合材料。
2. 平均結晶粒径が 30 nm以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミ ックス相 (但し、 炭素を除く) とからなることを特徴とするセラミックス複合材料。
3. 上記炭素を主成分とする相の含有量が 2〜 98 w t%であることを特徴とす る請求項 1又は 2記載のセラミックス複合材料。
4. 研磨後表面のオープンポア率が 1 %以下であることを特徴とする請求項 1〜 3のいずれかに記載のセラミックス複合材料。
5. 焼結体のビッカース硬度が 1 OGP a以上であることを特徴とする請求項 1 〜 4のいずれかに記載のセラミックス複合材料。
6. セラミックス相が A 1 , S i , T i , Z r, H f , V, Nb, T a, C r, Mo、 Wの窒化物、 炭化物、 酸化物、 複合窒化物、 複合炭化物、 複合酸化物、 炭 窒化物、 酸窒化物、 炭窒酸化物及び炭酸化物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも 1種により構成されることを特徴とする請求項 1〜 5のレ、ずれかに記载のセラミ ックス複合材料。
7. 平均粒径が 3 μπι以下の、 セラミックス粉末 (但し、 炭素粉末を除く) と炭 素粉末との混合粉末を成形し、 得られた成形体を非酸化性雰囲気中で、 焼結温度 800〜 1 500°C、 焼結圧力 20 OMP a以上で焼結することを特徴とする、 平均結晶粒径 3 μπι以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相とカゝらなる 請求項 1、 3〜 6のいずれかに記載のセラミックス複合材料の製造方法。
8. 前記セラミ ックス粉末が、 A l , S i , T i , Z r , H f , V, Nb, T a, C r,. Mo、 Wの窒化物、 炭化物、 酸化物、 複合窒化物、 複合炭化物、 複合 酸化物、 炭窒化物、 酸窒化物、 炭窒酸化物及び炭酸化物よりなる群から選ばれる 少なくとも 1種であることを特徴とする請求項 7記載の平均結晶粒径 3 μιη以下 の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相とからなるセラミックス複合材料の 製造方法。 '
9. 混合粉末が更に A 1 , S i, T i , Z r, H f , V, Nb, T a , C r, M o, Wから選ばれる少なくとも 1種の金属を含むことを特徴とする請求項 7また は 8記載の平均結晶粒径 3 μπι以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相 とからなるセラミックス複合材料の製造方法。
10. 平均粒径が 30 nm以下の、 セラミックス粉末 (但し、 炭素粉末を除く) と炭素粉末との混合粉末を成形し、 得られた成形体を非酸化性雰囲気中で、 焼結 温度 800〜1500°C、 焼結圧力 20 OMP a以上で焼結することを特徴とす る、 請求項 2〜 6のいずれかに記載の平均結晶粒径 30 nm以下の、 炭素を主成 分とする相とセラミックス相とからなるセラミックス複合材料の製造方法。
1 1. 前記セラミックス粉末が、 A l, S i, T i, Z r, H f , V, Nb, T a, C r, Mo, Wから選ばれる少なくとも 1種の金属の窒化物、 炭化物及び酸 化物、 複合窒化物、 複合炭化物、 複合酸化物、 炭窒化物、 酸窒化物、 炭窒酸化物 及び炭酸化物よりなる群から選ばれる 1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項 1 0記載の平均結晶粒径 30 nm以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミックス相 とからなるセラミックス複合材料の製造方法。
1 2. 混合粉末が更に A 1 , S i , T i , Z r, H f , V, Nb, T a , C r , Mo, Wから選ばれる少なくとも 1種の金属を含むことを特徴とする請求項 10 または 1 1記載の平均結晶粒径 30 nm以下の、 炭素を主成分とする相とセラミ ックス相とからなるセラミックス複合材料の製造方法。
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