WO2005034272A1 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池自動車 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池自動車 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005034272A1 WO2005034272A1 PCT/JP2004/014469 JP2004014469W WO2005034272A1 WO 2005034272 A1 WO2005034272 A1 WO 2005034272A1 JP 2004014469 W JP2004014469 W JP 2004014469W WO 2005034272 A1 WO2005034272 A1 WO 2005034272A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- humidifier
- cell stack
- gas
- vehicle
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- Fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle are Fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a fuel cell vehicle, and more particularly, to a fuel cell system having a humidifier and two fuel cell stacks and a fuel cell vehicle.
- fuel cells particularly polymer electrolyte fuel cells, which are clean and have excellent energy efficiency, have attracted attention as power sources for electric vehicles.
- This fuel cell is a kind of generator that generates electrochemically when supplied with fuel gas (hydrogen) and oxidant gas (air).
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte membrane inside, and this electrolyte membrane exhibits its performance well when humidified. Therefore, in the polymer fuel cell system, a humidifier is provided to supply the dried oxidant gas to the fuel cell stack after being moistened (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the above-described fuel cell stack is a power generator portion in which a plurality of separators sandwiching a solid polymer membrane are stacked as a single cell, and the voltage and power required by an application such as a fuel cell vehicle are required.
- the number and size of the layers are set in accordance with.
- the humidifier described above passes, for example, an oxidizing gas through a hollow fiber membrane capable of exchanging water vapor and humidifies an oxidizing gas discharged from a fuel cell stack (hereinafter, referred to as “off gas”).
- off gas an oxidizing gas discharged from a fuel cell stack
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2002-75418 (Paragraph 0016, FIGS. 1 and 3)
- the present invention has been made in view of such a background, and the present invention provides a fuel cell system and a fuel cell vehicle that stabilize the performance of a fuel cell and that can be mounted in a compact application.
- the task is to provide
- a fuel cell system of the present invention includes at least two fuel cell stacks that are supplied with a reaction gas including an oxidizing gas and a fuel gas and generate power by an electrochemical reaction; A humidifier that humidifies at least one reaction gas supplied to the battery stack; and a reaction gas supply pipe that sends the reaction gas from the reaction gas outlets of the humidifier to two reaction gas supply ports of the fuel cell stack. .
- the calorie humidifier is disposed between the two fuel cell stacks, and the reaction gas supply pipe branches from the humidifier to the two fuel cell stacks.
- the lengths of the two fuel cell stacks to the reactant gas supply ports are configured to be substantially the same (first invention).
- the fuel cell stack by dividing the fuel cell stack into two, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom of the layout of the fuel cell in the application and the weight balance. Further, when the fuel cell stack is divided into two, the efficiency of one of the fuel cell stacks is reduced unless the supply states of the reactant gases to the respective fuel cell stacks are equal.
- the reaction gas outlet of the humidifier and each of the reaction gas supply ports of the two fuel cell stacks are connected by a reaction gas supply pipe, and the two fuel cell stack reaction gas supply pipes are connected from the branch point of the reaction gas supply pipe. Since the lengths of the ports are almost the same, the reaction gas is supplied to the two fuel cell stacks in a well-balanced manner.
- the reaction gas supply pipes leading to the two fuel cell stacks are better if they have the same thickness.
- the humidifier is arranged between the two fuel cell stacks, the fuel cell system is appropriately heated by the heat generated by the fuel cell. As a result, the temperature rises while the reaction gas is humidified in the humidifier, so that the reaction gas is connected in the passage of the reaction gas in the humidifier. Dew does not occur. Therefore, the reactant gas has a stable flow, and the fuel cell can operate stably.
- the humidifier may be configured as a membrane humidifier that supplies moisture contained in off-gas exhausted from the fuel cell stack to a reaction gas through a water-permeable membrane. (Second invention).
- humidification efficiency can be maintained by preventing dew condensation on the surface of the water permeable membrane, so that the advantages of the present invention are remarkably exhibited.
- the water permeable membrane in the humidifier has a hollow fiber shape and is arranged in one direction.
- the fuel cell stack is configured by stacking single cells in the direction of the hollow fiber-shaped water permeable membrane tube, and the reaction gas supply port is provided at one end face in the direction in which the single cells of the fuel cell stack are stacked. It is preferable that the reaction gas outlet is formed so as to face the same side as the two reaction gas supply ports (third invention).
- the reaction gas outlet of the humidifier and the reaction gas supply port of the two fuel cell stacks are connected. Both open in the same direction. Therefore, the length of the reaction gas supply pipe connecting the reaction gas outlet and the reaction gas supply port can be shortened. Therefore, the pressure loss of the reaction gas can be reduced, and dew condensation in the reaction gas supply pipe can be prevented as much as possible.
- the two fuel cell stacks are arranged side by side in a horizontal direction, and the humidifier has a substantially columnar shape, and at least two of the humidifiers are arranged vertically.
- An off-gas discharge pipe which is provided adjacently and through which the off-gas discharged from the humidifier flows, is preferably disposed at a position surrounded by two humidifiers and one of the fuel cell stacks. (4th invention).
- a fuel cell vehicle that has solved the above-mentioned problems, two fuel cell stacks, a hydrogen supply device that supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, and a fuel cell A fuel cell vehicle equipped with a fuel cell system including an air supply device for supplying air to a pond stack and a humidifier for humidifying the air supplied to the fuel cell stack.
- the fuel cell stack and the humidifier are disposed under the floor of the vehicle in a state where the two fuel cell stacks are arranged on the left and right sides of the vehicle with the humidifier as a center.
- the air supply device is disposed in front of the fuel cell stack and the humidifier in the vehicle, and the hydrogen supply device is disposed in the vehicle rear of the fuel cell stack and the humidifier, and the supply air of the humidifier is provided.
- the inlet is disposed in front of the vehicle, the supply air outlet is disposed toward the rear of the vehicle, and the air supply port and the hydrogen supply port of the fuel cell stack are respectively opened toward the rear of the vehicle. (Fifth invention).
- the supply air inlet of the humidifier is directed toward the front of the vehicle while the air supply device is disposed in front of the vehicle. Can be shortened. Further, while the hydrogen supply device is disposed behind the vehicle, the hydrogen supply port is directed toward the rear of the vehicle, so that the piping connecting them can be shortened. Furthermore, since the supply air outlet of the humidifier is arranged toward the rear of the vehicle and the air supply port of the fuel cell stack opens toward the rear of the vehicle, the piping connecting them can be shortened. .
- the fuel cell vehicle further includes a cooling water supply pipe for supplying cooling water to the fuel cell stack, an air supply pipe for supplying air to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack.
- the hydrogen supply pipe for supplying hydrogen to the cooling water supply pipe and the cooling water supply pipe are preferably configured as an integral manifold (a sixth invention). In this way, if the reaction gas supply pipe, the hydrogen supply pipe, and the cooling water supply pipe are configured as an integral manifold, the pipes for these supply pipes can be achieved by assembling one manifold, so that the assemblability is improved. improves.
- At least two fuel cell stacks to which a reaction gas such as an oxidizing gas and a fuel gas gas is supplied to generate power by an electrochemical reaction A humidifier that humidifies at least one of the supplied reaction gases, wherein the humidifier is disposed between the two fuel cell stacks (a seventh invention).
- the humidifier since the humidifier is arranged between the two fuel cell stacks, it is appropriately heated by the heat generated by the fuel cell. Therefore, the temperature rises while the reaction gas is humidified in the humidifier, so that dew condensation does not occur in the reaction gas passage in the humidifier. Therefore, the reaction gas has a stable flow, and the fuel cell can operate stably. Also, by dividing the fuel cell stack into two, the degree of freedom in laying out the application is increased.
- the fuel cell stack has end plates at both ends of the stacked unit cells, and the humidifier and the end plates of the two fuel cell stacks are connected to each other.
- the humidifier and the end plates of the two fuel cell stacks are connected to each other.
- the two fuel cell stacks and the humidifier are arranged in a fuel cell box, and the end plates of the two fuel cell stacks are fixed to the fuel cell box (a ninth embodiment). invention).
- the two fuel cell stacks are arranged side by side in a horizontal direction, and the humidifier has a substantially columnar shape, and Preferably, the two are arranged vertically adjacent to each other (tenth invention).
- the fuel cell system can be made compact by effectively utilizing the narrow space between the two fuel cell stacks.
- a reaction gas pipe through which the reaction gas flows is disposed at a position surrounded by the two humidifiers and one of the fuel cell stacks. Invention).
- the dead space can be effectively used, and the fuel cell system can be downsized.
- the humidifier is configured as a membrane humidifier that humidifies the reaction gas via a hollow fiber-shaped water permeable membrane, and the hollow fiber-shaped water permeable membrane has a tube direction that is the same as that of the fuel cell stack. If the cells are bundled in the cell stacking direction (twelfth invention), the piping of the humidifier and the fuel cell stack can be shortened as much as possible.
- the supply of the reaction gas from the humidifier to the two fuel cell stacks is balanced, and the humidifier is added to the fuel cell stack.
- the humidifier is added to the fuel cell stack.
- dew condensation does not occur in the reaction gas passage in the humidifier, so that stable operation of the fuel cell is possible.
- Dividing the fuel cell into two parts will improve layout flexibility and weight balance.
- the effect of the fuel cell system according to the first invention can be more remarkably exhibited.
- the reaction gas supply pipe can be shortened, and dew condensation in the reaction gas supply pipe can be prevented as much as possible.
- the fuel cell system of the fourth invention it is possible to contribute to the compactness of the fuel cell system by effectively utilizing the dead space.
- the piping for supplying air or hydrogen to the fuel cell can be shortened.
- the assemblability of the fuel cell system is improved.
- dew condensation does not occur in the reaction gas passage in the humidifier, so that the fuel cell can operate stably.
- the rigidity of the fuel cell system is increased and the resonance frequency is increased, so that resonance can be suppressed.
- the fuel cell system can be made compact.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a fuel cell vehicle 1 equipped with a fuel cell system 2 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a fuel cell system 2 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3] (a) is an exploded perspective view of the humidifier 20 and the fuel cell stack 30 as viewed from behind the vehicle.
- (B) is an exploded perspective view of the single cell FC.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the humidifier 20 as viewed from the left side of the vehicle.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the humidifier 20 as viewed from the right side of the vehicle.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier 20a.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing piping of the humidifier 20 and the fuel cell stack 30 as viewed from the rear of the vehicle.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of the fuel cell stack 30 and the humidifier 20 in plan view.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a fuel cell vehicle 1 equipped with a fuel cell system 2 according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the fuel cell system 2 according to the embodiment.
- a fuel cell vehicle 1 is a vehicle on which a fuel cell system 2 is mounted.
- the fuel cell system 2 mainly includes a high-pressure hydrogen tank 11 serving as a hydrogen supply device for supplying hydrogen as a fuel gas, a compressor 12 serving as an air supply device for supplying air as an oxidizing gas, and a humidifier 20.
- a fuel cell stack 30 includes a first fuel cell stack 31 and a second fuel cell stack 32, which are arranged side by side (horizontally) on the left and right sides (horizontal direction) of the fuel cell vehicle 1 (vehicle).
- the humidifier 20 is disposed between the fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32. Since the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32 are separated to the left and right with respect to the center of the fuel cell vehicle 1 in the vehicle width direction, the left and right weights of the fuel cell vehicle 1 are balanced. I have.
- the hydrogen sent from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 11 and the air humidified through the humidifier 20 are both supplied to the fuel cell stack 30 and generate an electromotive force through an electrochemical reaction inside.
- the fuel cell system 2 is configured to exchange heat with cooling water for cooling the fuel cell stack 30.
- a radiator 13 The cooling water cooled by the radiator 13 passes through the insides of the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32, and is returned to the radiator 13 again.
- the humidifier 20, the first fuel cell stack 31, and the second fuel cell stack 32 are housed in a fuel cell box 41.
- the fuel cell box 41 is fixed to a main frame extending forward and backward of the vehicle below the floor panel 42 (under the floor).
- the hydrogen sent from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 11 is supplied to the anode A of the fuel cell stack 30.
- the hydrogen that has been consumed in the anode A is supplied again to the anode A via the circulation path 16.
- the air sent out from the compressor 12 (hereinafter referred to as “supply air”) is supplied to the power source C of the fuel cell stack 30 after being humidified by the humidifier 20.
- supply air The air sent out from the compressor 12 (hereinafter referred to as “supply air”) is supplied to the power source C of the fuel cell stack 30 after being humidified by the humidifier 20.
- a humidifier bypass 27 that sends the compressor 12 to the power sword C without passing through the humidifier 20 is provided, and the supply air to the power sword C is appropriately supplied through the humidifier bypass 27 to adjust the humidity of the supply air. Supplied.
- the flow rate of the supply air passing through the humidifier bypass 27 is adjusted by the valve 17.
- the discharged air contains water generated in the fuel cell stack 30 and is supplied to the humidifier 20 to humidify the supply air.
- water steam
- the off-gas discharged from the humidifier 20 is discharged to the atmosphere.
- FIG. 3A is an exploded perspective view of the humidifier 20 and the fuel cell stack 30 as viewed from behind the vehicle.
- (B) is an exploded perspective view of the single cell FC.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the humidifier 20 as viewed from the left side of the vehicle
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the humidifier 20 as viewed from the right side of the vehicle
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the humidifier 20a
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a view also showing a vehicle rear force showing piping of a fuel cell stack 20 and a fuel cell stack 30.
- the humidifier 20 is disposed between the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32 so as to be vertically adjacent to each other.
- Each of the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32 is formed by stacking tens or hundreds of single cells FC, each of which is a unit of one fuel cell.
- each single cell FC has an anode separator AS and a force sword separator CS, which are thin plates made of carbon and stainless steel, and a solid height separator arranged between the anode separator AS and the force sword separator CS.
- a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is formed by forming a force source C and an anode A on a molecular membrane ME.
- the anode separator AS and the force sword separator CS form a hydrogen passage and an air passage with the solid polymer membrane ME through the groove 39, respectively.
- the anode separator AS or the force sword separator CS forms a cooling water passage by the groove 39 between the force sword separator CS and the anode separator AS of the adjacent single cell FC.
- Each of the anode separator AS and the force sword separator CS has three holes P1 to P6 at left and right edges.
- the holes P1 to P6 are combined to form a passage by stacking the single cells FC. That is, hole P1 is in the air supply passage, hole P2 is in the cooling water supply passage, hole P3 is in the hydrogen discharge passage, hole P4 is in the hydrogen supply passage, hole P5 is in the cooling water discharge passage, and hole P6 is the air discharge passage. become.
- the holes Pl and P6 communicate with the air passage, the holes P3 and P4 communicate with the hydrogen passage, and the holes P2 and P4 communicate with the cooling water passage.
- the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32 are provided with end plates 33 having the same contour as the single cells FC at both ends of the stacked single cells FC.
- the single-cell FC is formed as a stack.
- each end plate 33 inside the vehicle is provided with a connecting piece 3 for connecting to the humidifier 20. 4 are extended.
- a total of two connecting pieces 34 are provided, one at the top and bottom of each end plate 33, and four end plates 33 are provided, one before and after the first and second fuel cell stacks 31, 32. As a result, a total of eight joint pieces 34 are provided.
- the humidifier 20 also has a total of eight connecting pieces 29 at positions corresponding to the respective connecting pieces 34 of the end plate 33, that is, at the front and rear, up and down, and right and left.
- the coupling piece 34 of the end plate 33 and the coupling piece 29 of the humidifier 20 are each formed with a fastening hole, and the first fuel cell stack 31, the humidifier 20, And the second fuel cell stack 32 is connected to the body.
- the method of connecting the end plate 33 and the humidifier 20 is not limited to such a method, and stack bolts and nuts, rivets, welding, and the like can also be adopted.
- the four end plates 33 are fixed to the fuel cell box 41 by fixing brackets 35 each having an L-shaped cross section (only two of them are shown on the rear of the vehicle).
- the fixing bracket 35 and the end plate 33 are fastened by bolts, and the fixing bracket 35 and the fuel cell box 41 are also fastened by bolts. Then, the fuel cell box 41 is fixed to a floor panel 42 (see FIG. 1) of the vehicle body (not shown).
- the fixing bracket 35 is provided at the end of the fuel cell in the stacking direction, and maintains the fastening force of the fuel cell block.
- Hydrogen, air, and cooling water supplied to the first and second fuel cell stacks 31, 32 are supplied via respective supply ports or discharge ports Q1 to Q6 formed in an end plate 33 at the rear of the vehicle. Is discharged.
- a mar- ble 50 which is also strong such as an aluminum alloy is used. The details of the gas distribution by the mar-holder 50 will be described later, but the mar-holder 50 introduces the supply air discharged from the humidifier 20 to the first and second fuel cell stacks 31, 32, In order to introduce the off-gas discharged from the first and second fuel cell stacks 31 and 32 to the humidifier 20, the humidifier 20 and the first and second fuel cell stacks 31 and 32 are frequently used.
- the first and second fuel cell stacks 31 and 32 are both connected to the humidifier 20 to be integrated and fixed to the fuel cell box 41.
- Rigidity can be increased as compared with the case where it is fixed to the battery box 41, and as a result, the resonance frequency can be increased. The occurrence of resonance can be suppressed.
- the humidifier 20 and the first and second fuel cell stacks 31 and 32 are coupled via the force coupling pieces 29 and 34, their relative positions are fixed. Therefore, even if vibration is applied to the fuel cell system 2, no extra force is applied to the mar-holder 50, and the mar-holder 50 is connected to the humidifier 20 or the first and second fuel cell stacks 31, 32. Good airtightness can be maintained in the part.
- the humidifier 20 is a membrane humidifier using a hollow fiber membrane 21 (see FIG. 6), in which two substantially columnar humidifiers 20a are arranged vertically.
- the humidifier 20a has a cylindrical inner nove 23 disposed inside a cylindrical outer nove 22, and a water permeation capable of transmitting water vapor between the outer pipe 22 and the inner pipe 23.
- a hollow fiber-shaped hollow fiber membrane 21 as a membrane is filled along the axial direction of the outer pipe 22.
- the tubes of the hollow fiber membranes 21 are aligned so as to face in the stacking direction of the single cells FC.
- the hollow fiber membranes 21 are bundled at the front end and the rear end, and are adhered to each other to form an adhered portion 2la. Further, the bonding portion 21a is also bonded to the outer pipe 22 and the inner pipe 23, and only the inner hole of the hollow fiber membrane 21 is opened at the front end and the rear end of the outer pipe 22.
- a cap 24 forming an air supply pipe 24a (supply air inlet) is provided at a front end of the outer pipe 22, and a cap 25 forming an air discharge port 25a is provided at a rear end.
- a plurality of small holes 23a are formed at a portion where the rear end force enters the inside of the outer pipe 22 (inside of the bonding portion 21a).
- the small holes 23a are formed inside the inner pipe 23 and the hollow.
- the portion in which the fiber membrane 21 is filled communicates with the outside of the hollow fiber membrane 21.
- a partition wall 23b that covers the inner hole of the inner pipe 23 is provided in a portion further inside than the small hole 23a of the inner pipe 23.
- An off-gas collecting pipe 22b is formed around the off-gas discharge hole 22a in a belt shape to collect the off-gas discharged from the off-gas discharge hole 22a.
- off-gas supply pipes 23c into which the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 30 is introduced.
- the off-gas supply pipe 23c branches into two branches, each of which is connected to the inner pipe 23 of the upper and lower humidifier 20a (see FIG. 6).
- the off-gas collection pipes 22b of the upper and lower humidifiers 20a are connected to the left side of the vehicle (the front side in FIG. 4), and are connected to the off-gas discharge pipe 26 (reaction gas pipe).
- the off-gas discharge pipe 26 is disposed so as to extend rearward of the vehicle along a corner formed by contacting the upper and lower humidifiers 20a.
- the off-gas discharge pipe 26 is disposed in a portion surrounded by the two humidifiers 20a and the second fuel cell stack 32 (see FIG. 3). Therefore, the layout of the off-gas discharge pipe 26 makes effective use of space, and contributes to the compactness of the fuel cell system 2.
- off-gas passes from the rear of the vehicle through the off-gas supply pipe 23c and the inner pipe 23, passes through the outside of the hollow fiber membrane 21 in the humidifier 20a, and is collected by the off-gas collection pipe 22b. It is discharged again to the rear of the vehicle through the discharge pipe 26 (see Fig. 6).
- an air supply pipe 24a is provided in front of the vehicle.
- the air supply pipe 24a is branched into three branches, two of which are connected to the cap 24, and one of which is connected to the humidifier bypass 27 (reaction gas pipe).
- the cap 25 and the humidifier bypass 27 at the rear of the vehicle are gathered at the rear of the vehicle to the air discharge pipe 28 (reaction gas outlet, supply air outlet).
- the humidifier bypass 27 is arranged so as to extend back and forth of the vehicle along a corner formed by contacting the upper and lower humidifiers 20a.
- the humidifier bypass 27 is disposed in a portion surrounded by the two humidifiers 20a and the first fuel cell stack 31 (see FIG. 3). Fuel cell system Contributing to the compactness of Stem 2.
- FIG. 7 the illustration of the marshall 50 is omitted, and only the passage in the marshall 50 is shown.
- the air discharge pipe 28 of the humidifier 20 is connected to an air supply pipe 51 (reaction gas supply pipe) in a manifold 50.
- the air supply pipe 51 branches right and left and communicates with an upper air supply port Q1 (reaction gas supply port, AIRin) inside the fuel cell stack 30.
- the air supply pipe 51 branches at the center of the left and right fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32), and the length from the branch point to the air supply port Q1 is set to be the same. Therefore, the supply air is supplied to the left and right fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32) in a well-balanced manner.
- An air outlet Q6 (AIRout) is provided at a lower outer side of the fuel cell stack 30.
- the left and right air discharge ports Q6 are gathered by an off-gas pipe 52 and communicate with the off-gas supply pipe 23c below the humidifier 20.
- the off-gas pipes 52 are gathered at the center of the left and right fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32), and have the same length as the left and right air outlets Q6 and the gathering point. Therefore, the offgas from which the power of the left and right fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32) has been discharged is sent into the humidifier 20 in a well-balanced manner.
- Hydrogen is supplied to the vehicle rearward, and is introduced into a hydrogen supply port Q 4 (H in) at the upper outside of the fuel cell stack 30 through a hydrogen supply pipe 53.
- the hydrogen supply pipe 53 is connected to the left and right fuel
- a hydrogen outlet Q3 (H out) is provided in the lower part inside the fuel cell stack 30.
- the left and right hydrogen discharge ports Q3 are gathered by a hydrogen discharge pipe 54, and return to the rear at the center of the left and right fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32).
- the cooling water bypasses the fuel cell stack 30 from the right side of the fuel cell stack 30 from the front of the vehicle. It is guided to the rear of 30 vehicles.
- the cooling water passes through the cooling water supply pipe 55 and branches right and left at the center of the left and right fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32). Has been introduced.
- the cooling water discharge pipe 57 connected to the cooling water discharge port Q5 joins the cooling water discharged from the left and right fuel cell stacks 30 on the left side of the vehicle, and goes to the radiator 13 in front of the vehicle (see FIG. 1). Piped to reflux.
- each of the above-mentioned pipes that is, the air supply pipe 51, the off-gas pipe 52, the hydrogen supply pipe 53, the hydrogen discharge pipe 54, the cooling water supply pipe 55, the cooling water connection pipe 56, and the cooling water discharge pipe 57 , All of which are configured as an integral marble 50. Therefore, the piping of the fuel cell stack 30 and the humidifier 20 is completed only by fixing the one manifold 50 to the fuel cell stack 30 and the humidifier 20.
- Hydrogen supplied from the high-pressure hydrogen tank 11, which is the hydrogen supply unit shown in FIG. 1, is supplied to the central portion of the manifold 50 in the left-right direction as shown in FIG. And introduced into the hydrogen supply port Q4. At this time, since the length from the branch point of the hydrogen supply pipe 53 to the hydrogen supply port Q4 is set to be the same, the hydrogen is balanced between the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32. Well distributed.
- the high-pressure hydrogen tank 11 is arranged at the rear of the vehicle, so that the rear forces of the two fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32) are supplied and the rear forces are also discharged.
- the elemental piping can be made as short as possible, which can contribute to a reduction in the weight and cost of the fuel cell vehicle 1.
- the supply air sent out from the compressor 12 shown in Fig. 1 enters the humidifier 20 (20a) from the air supply pipe 24a in the front as shown in Fig. 3 and is humidified, and then is supplied to the rear.
- the air is discharged from the air discharge pipe 28.
- the air is branched right and left through the air supply pipe 51, and is introduced into the fuel cell stack 30 from the air supply port Q1.
- the supply air humidified in the humidifier 20 gradually increases in humidity, but Heat is received from the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32 on both sides of the wetter 20, and the temperature increases. Therefore, in the humidifier 20, dew condensation due to an increase in the humidity of the supply air is less likely to occur.
- the supply air is supplied to the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32. It is distributed in a well-balanced manner.
- the off-gas discharged from the left and right air discharge ports Q6 of the fuel cell stack 30 collects through the off-gas pipe 52 as shown in FIG. 7, and is introduced into the off-gas supply pipe 23c of the humidifier 20.
- the off-gas entering the humidifier 20 humidifies the supply air through the hollow fiber membrane 21 in the humidifier 20 as shown in FIG. 6, and then flows out of the front off-gas collection pipe 22b to the outside of the outer pipe 22, and
- the gas passes through the off gas discharge pipe 26, further passes through the upper part of the manifold 50, and is discharged to the rear of the vehicle by a pipe (not shown).
- the air is supplied from the compressor 12 in front of the vehicle to the front side of the humidifier 20 and humidified while passing through the rear side. Then, from the rear side of the humidifier 20, the humidifier 20 is distributed to the left and right by a manifold 50 and supplied to the fuel cell stack 30. Further, the off-gas discharged from the rear side of the fuel cell stack 30 is supplied to the rear side of the humidifier 20 and discharged through the humidifier 20 to the rear of the vehicle.
- the compressor 12 at the front of the vehicle is connected to the front of the humidifier 20, the air piping is short, and the piping between the humidifier 20 and the fuel cell stack 30 is also a manifold. Since it can be done with 50, it can be as short as possible.
- the cooling water After the cooling water is cooled by the radiator 13 at the front of the vehicle, it bypasses the fuel cell stack 30 from the right side to the rear, circulates through the two fuel cell stacks 30 (31, 32), and The fuel is discharged from the rear left side of the fuel cell stack 32 and returns to the radiator 13 in front of the vehicle, bypassing the left side of the fuel cell stack 30.
- the piping of the cooling water extends from the radiator 13 at the front of the vehicle to the rear of the fuel cell stack 30, so that it becomes longer.
- the cooling water piping must be grounded, and the distance to the ground point of the fuel cell power piping is long, and the leakage is more difficult.
- the fuel cell stack 30 of the present embodiment is divided into two parts, and is provided with air and hydrogen. Although the supply and discharge ports Ql-Q6 are concentrated on one side, this configuration also has the following advantages.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of the fuel cell stack 30 and the humidifier 20 in a plan view.
- the single cells FC of the first fuel cell stack 31 and the second fuel cell stack 32 are all connected in series, and are in front of and behind the first fuel cell stack 31, behind and before the second fuel cell stack 32. Are connected in this order, and the potential increases. That is, as for the symbols in FIG. 8, V, V, V,
- the potentials are substantially the same. In this way, by concentrating the pipes of hydrogen, air, and cooling water on surfaces having substantially the same potential, the possibility of an electrical short circuit can be reduced.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be implemented with appropriate modifications.
- three or more humidifiers 20 may be used, and the arrangement of the off-gas discharge pipe 26 and the humidifier bypass 27 is reversed.
- the fuel cell stacks 30 may be arranged side by side in a horizontal direction with forces arranged side by side. Further, when three or more fuel cell stacks are provided, a humidifier may be arranged between adjacent fuel cell stacks!
- hydrogen gas is used as a fuel gas and oxygen gas is used as an oxidizing gas as an example of a fuel cell.
- oxygen gas is used as an oxidizing gas as an example of a fuel cell.
- the present invention is not limited to these, and other reaction gases may be used.
- the humidifier is not limited to a humidifier that humidifies air (oxidant gas), and may be, for example, a humidifier that humidifies fuel gas or both fuel gas and oxidant gas.
- the fuel cell system 2 is not limited to a fuel cell vehicle, but is applied to a household power supply.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005514455A JP4686362B2 (ja) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-01 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池自動車 |
US10/574,417 US7906241B2 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-01 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automobile vehicle |
DE112004001832T DE112004001832B4 (de) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-01 | Brennstoffzellensystem und Brennstoffzellen-Kraftfahrzeug |
CA2540326A CA2540326C (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-01 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automotive vehicle |
US13/023,348 US8048575B2 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2011-02-08 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automotive vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003346405 | 2003-10-03 | ||
JP2003-346405 | 2003-10-03 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/574,417 A-371-Of-International US7906241B2 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-01 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automobile vehicle |
US13/023,348 Continuation US8048575B2 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2011-02-08 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell automotive vehicle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005034272A1 true WO2005034272A1 (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
Family
ID=34419542
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/014469 WO2005034272A1 (ja) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-10-01 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池自動車 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7906241B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4686362B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2540326C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112004001832B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005034272A1 (ja) |
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JP2007087760A (ja) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-04-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 車載用燃料電池システム |
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JP2007165280A (ja) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-28 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 車両用燃料電池の共用分配機構 |
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WO2009150923A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の車載構造 |
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DE102014013239A1 (de) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Audi Ag | Befeuchtungseinrichtung für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102015122144A1 (de) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Befeuchter mit integriertem Wasserabscheider für ein Brennstoffzellensystem, Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Fahrzeug mit einem solchen |
AT519834B1 (de) * | 2017-04-13 | 2020-11-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Brennstoffzelleneinheit mit gestapelten Hilfsvorrichtungen |
JP6743769B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-08-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
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JP2007083860A (ja) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-04-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 車載用燃料電池システム |
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JP2019057407A (ja) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-04-11 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スタック接続体 |
JP2021535563A (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-12-16 | ドゥーサン モビリティー イノベーション インコーポレーテッドDoosan Mobility Innovation Inc. | 燃料電池パワーパック |
JP7257502B2 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2023-04-13 | ドゥーサン モビリティー イノベーション インコーポレーテッド | 燃料電池パワーパック |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2540326A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
US20110129741A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
DE112004001832T5 (de) | 2006-07-13 |
JPWO2005034272A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
US8048575B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 |
JP4686362B2 (ja) | 2011-05-25 |
DE112004001832B4 (de) | 2013-03-14 |
US7906241B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
CA2540326C (en) | 2011-02-15 |
US20070122669A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
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