WO2005015986A2 - Marking cultured pearls - Google Patents
Marking cultured pearls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005015986A2 WO2005015986A2 PCT/FR2004/002088 FR2004002088W WO2005015986A2 WO 2005015986 A2 WO2005015986 A2 WO 2005015986A2 FR 2004002088 W FR2004002088 W FR 2004002088W WO 2005015986 A2 WO2005015986 A2 WO 2005015986A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- marking
- nucleus
- pearl
- cores according
- microchips
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010984 cultured pearl Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000490567 Pinctada Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the marking of cultured pearls in order to improve authentication and traceability by affixing a unique means of identification, either: in the form of a text, a drawing or a '' a bar code visible or measurable by X-rays, by simple addition of material to the surface of the nucleus; by recessing on the surface of the nucleus of a text, drawing or bar code then adding visible or measurable material to X-rays in the cavities or grooves thus formed; by fixing one or more microchips that can be activated by radio frequencies (RFID) by means of a reader capable of establishing communication with the microchips, on the nucleus prior to the transplant or on the pearl formed.
- RFID radio frequencies
- the nucleus is a spherical nucleus which is inserted into the pearl oyster during the operation called grafting. After the transplant, the oyster secretes a pearly layer on the nucleus and the product thus obtained is a cultured pearl.
- the thickness of this pearl layer must be at least 0.6 mm at all points so that a pearl can be considered as a cultured pearl.
- the device according to the invention consists in affixing any number or any text visible or measurable by X-rays, or in fixing one or more microchips that can be activated by radio frequencies (RFID). on the surface of the nucleus before it is inserted into the pearl oyster.
- RFID radio frequencies
- the marking, or the microchips are protected from any modification or erasure thanks to the pearl layer secreted by the oyster over the entire surface of the nucleus.
- the material used for writing the number must be opaque to X-rays or to any observation system for the material which enables the pearl layer located between the outer edge of the nucleus and the outer edge of the pearl to be passed through without damage.
- the material used for writing the number is a paint containing suspended metal (silver, nickel, gold, platinum, etc.).
- This material can also consist only of metal, pure or in the form of an alloy, applied under temperature conditions such that the surface of the nucleus is not altered to the point of preventing its use for the production of cultured pearls.
- the marking is carried out: a) either by writing a number, a text, a drawing or a barcode by means of a machine generally used for micro-welding of electronic components or micro-printing, capable of affixing jets of material in liquid form, at room temperature or at high temperature.
- the dimension of the material jets is less than 100 ⁇ m and allows to write a text of several characters on 2mm.
- RFID radio frequencies
- the microchips In order to be able to fix the microchips, it is necessary to pierce two cavities of dimensions slightly greater than those of each microchip, either by means of a laser or by any other means, and to stick the microchip using a biocompatible adhesive resin.
- the second chip is fixed on the surface of the nucleus at 70 ° from the previous one with respect to the center to compensate for the risk of destruction of one of the two microchips during the piercing of the pearl for making jewelry or necklaces.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the marking of cultured pearls in order to improve traceability and authentication by applying, to the nucleus, a mark that is visible or measurable by using X-rays or by fixing, to the nucleus or to the pearl, one or more microchips that can be activated by radio frequencies (RFID) emitted by a reader capable of establishing a communication with the microchips. Currently, nothing enables the origin of a cultured peal to be determined except by marking a number onto the surface of the pearl. This number or this mark can be applied by means of a laser (Patent No. EP 0 749 799 A) or by gas-phase material deposition (Patent No. EP 0 897 021 A). The drawback of these methods exist in the ability to erase or alter the number. The inventive device serves to apply a number, a text, drawing or barcode, or to fix one or more microchips to the surface of the nucleus before the nucleus is inserted into the pearl oyster. The microchip(s) can also be fixed to the pearl. The material used for writing the number should be opaque to X-rays and be tolerated by oysters and humans.
Description
MARQUAGE DES PERLES DE CULTURE MARKING OF CULTURED PEARLS
La présente invention concerne le marquage des perles de culture afin d'en améliorer l' authentification et la traçabilité par l'apposition d'un moyen d'identification unique, soit : sous la forme d'un texte, d'un dessin ou d'un code barre visible ou mesurable aux rayons X, par simple ajout de matière à la surface du nucléus ; par réalisation en creux à la surface du nucléus d'un texte, dessin ou code barre puis ajout de matière visible ou mesurable aux rayons X dans les cavités ou rainures ainsi formées ; par la fixation d'une ou plusieurs micro-puces activables par radio fréquences (RFID) au moyen d'un lecteur capable d'établir une communication avec les micro puces, sur le nucléus préalablement à la greffe ou sur la perle formée. Le nucléus est un noyau sphérique que l'on insère dans l'huître perliere lors de l'opération dénommée greffe. Après la greffe, l'huître sécrète une couche nacrière sur le nucléus et le produit ainsi obtenu est une perle de culture. L'épaisseur de cette couche perliere doit être au minimum de 0,6 mm en tout point pour qu'une perle puisse être considérée comme une perle de culture. Actuellement, rien ne permet de déterminer la provenance d'une perle de culture, excepté par le marquage d'un numéro invisible à l'oeil nu sur la surface externe de la perle après sa récolte, soit au moyen d'un laser (brevet n° EP 0 749 799 A), ou par déposition de matière en phase gazeuse (brevet n° EP 0 897 021 A) . L'un des inconvénients de ces procédés réside dans la possibilité matérielle d'effacer ou d'altérer le numéro, soit volontairement, soit involontairement, par action mécanique ou chimique. Le dispositif selon l'invention consiste à apposer un numéro ou un texte quelconque visible ou mesurable aux rayons X, ou à fixer une ou plusieurs micro-puces activables par radio fréquences (RFID)
sur la surface du nucléus avant que celui-ci ne soit inséré dans l'huître perliere.The present invention relates to the marking of cultured pearls in order to improve authentication and traceability by affixing a unique means of identification, either: in the form of a text, a drawing or a '' a bar code visible or measurable by X-rays, by simple addition of material to the surface of the nucleus; by recessing on the surface of the nucleus of a text, drawing or bar code then adding visible or measurable material to X-rays in the cavities or grooves thus formed; by fixing one or more microchips that can be activated by radio frequencies (RFID) by means of a reader capable of establishing communication with the microchips, on the nucleus prior to the transplant or on the pearl formed. The nucleus is a spherical nucleus which is inserted into the pearl oyster during the operation called grafting. After the transplant, the oyster secretes a pearly layer on the nucleus and the product thus obtained is a cultured pearl. The thickness of this pearl layer must be at least 0.6 mm at all points so that a pearl can be considered as a cultured pearl. Currently, nothing allows to determine the origin of a cultured pearl, except by marking a number invisible to the naked eye on the external surface of the pearl after its harvest, either by means of a laser (patent n ° EP 0 749 799 A), or by deposition of material in the gas phase (patent n ° EP 0 897 021 A). One of the drawbacks of these methods lies in the physical possibility of erasing or altering the number, either voluntarily or involuntarily, by mechanical or chemical action. The device according to the invention consists in affixing any number or any text visible or measurable by X-rays, or in fixing one or more microchips that can be activated by radio frequencies (RFID). on the surface of the nucleus before it is inserted into the pearl oyster.
Le marquage, ou les micro puces sont protégés de toute modification ou de tout effacement grâce à la couche perliere sécrétée par l'huître sur toute la surface du nucléus.The marking, or the microchips, are protected from any modification or erasure thanks to the pearl layer secreted by the oyster over the entire surface of the nucleus.
La matière employée pour l'écriture du numéro doit être opaque aux rayons X ou à tout système d'observation de la matière permettant de traverser sans dommage la couche perliere située entre le bord extérieur du nucléus et le bord extérieur de la perle.The material used for writing the number must be opaque to X-rays or to any observation system for the material which enables the pearl layer located between the outer edge of the nucleus and the outer edge of the pearl to be passed through without damage.
La matière employée pour l'écriture du numéro, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, est une peinture contenant du métal en suspension (argent, nickel, or, platine, etc.).The material used for writing the number, by way of nonlimiting example, is a paint containing suspended metal (silver, nickel, gold, platinum, etc.).
Cette matière peut également être constituée uniquement de métal, pur ou sous forme d'alliage, appliqué dans des conditions de température telles que la surface du nucléus ne soit pas altérée au point d'empêcher son utilisation pour la production de perles de culture.This material can also consist only of metal, pure or in the form of an alloy, applied under temperature conditions such that the surface of the nucleus is not altered to the point of preventing its use for the production of cultured pearls.
Le marquage est effectué : a) soit par l'écriture d'un numéro, d'un texte, dessin ou code barre au moyen d'une machine généralement utilisée pour la micro-soudure de composants électroniques ou la microimpression, capable d'apposer des jets de matière sous forme liquide, à température ambiante ou à haute température. La dimension des jets de matière est inférieure à 100 μm et permet d'inscrire un texte de plusieurs caractères sur 2mm. b) soit par le fraisage du numéro, texte, dessin ou code barre en creux, et le remplissage des cavités ou rainurages par de la résine liquide, visqueuse ou pâteuse contenant du métal en suspension. c) soit par la fixation de micro-puces équipées d'antennes et activables par radio-fréquences (RFID) . Pour pouvoir fixer les micro-puces, il convient de percer deux cavités de dimensions légèrement supérieures à celles de chaque micropuce, soit au moyen d'un laser, soit par tout autre moyen, et
de coller la micro-puce au moyen d'une résine adhésive biocompatible. La seconde puce est fixée sur la surface du nucléus à 70° de la précédente par rapport au centre pour compenser le risque de destruction d'une des deux micro puces lors du perçage de la perle pour la confection de bijoux ou de colliers.
The marking is carried out: a) either by writing a number, a text, a drawing or a barcode by means of a machine generally used for micro-welding of electronic components or micro-printing, capable of affixing jets of material in liquid form, at room temperature or at high temperature. The dimension of the material jets is less than 100 μm and allows to write a text of several characters on 2mm. b) or by milling the number, text, design or hollow bar code, and filling the cavities or grooves with liquid, viscous or pasty resin containing metal in suspension. c) or by attaching microchips equipped with antennas and activated by radio frequencies (RFID). In order to be able to fix the microchips, it is necessary to pierce two cavities of dimensions slightly greater than those of each microchip, either by means of a laser or by any other means, and to stick the microchip using a biocompatible adhesive resin. The second chip is fixed on the surface of the nucleus at 70 ° from the previous one with respect to the center to compensate for the risk of destruction of one of the two microchips during the piercing of the pearl for making jewelry or necklaces.
Claims
REVENDICATIONS 1) Marquage des perles de culture caractérisé par l'écriture d'un texte, numéro, dessin ou code barre sur les nucléus préalablement à leur insertion dans l'huître perliere 2) Marquage des perles de culture selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait que la marque ne peut être effacée sans endommager la perle, puisque la marque est située sous la couche nacrière sécrétée par l'huître 3) Marquage des nucléus selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé par l'emploi d'une machine projetant des jets de matière à température ambiante ou à haute température sous forme liquide à la surface du nucléus 4) Marquage des nucléus selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé par l'écriture du texte, numéro, dessin ou code barre en creux par fraisage, et le remplissage des cavités ainsi formées par une résine liquide, visqueuse ou pâteuse contenant du métal en suspension 5) Marquage des nucléus selon les revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que la matière employée pour le marquage est opaque aux rayons X ou à toute autre forme non destructrice d'observation de la matière 6) Marquage des nucléus selon la revendication 1 caractérisée par la fixation de deux micro puces équipées d'antennes activables par radio fréquences, après perçage de deux cavités permettant d'accueillir les micro puces, et enrobage d'une résine adhésive biocompatible. La seconde micro puce est placée à environ 70° de la première par rapport au centre du nucléus. 7) Marquage des nucléus selon les revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que l'écriture est faite soit sur un seul nucléus à la fois, soit sur plusieurs nucléus en même temps 8) Marquage des nucléus selon les revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait qu'après apposition du marquage sur le nucléus, celui-ci n'est pas plus offensif pour l'huître qu'un nucléus non marqué
9) Marquage des nucléus selon les revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que la marque n'est pas à l'origine de défauts de surface constatés sur les perles de culture 10) Marquage des nucléus selon les revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que les matériaux utilisés pour le marquage sont bien tolérés par l'être humain (non allergène)
CLAIMS 1) Marking of cultured pearls characterized by writing a text, number, drawing or bar code on the cores prior to their insertion into the pearl oyster 2) Marking of cultured pearls according to claim 1 characterized by fact that the mark cannot be erased without damaging the pearl, since the mark is located under the pearly layer secreted by the oyster 3) Marking of the cores according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by the use of a machine projecting jets of material at room temperature or at high temperature in liquid form on the surface of the nucleus 4) Marking of the cores according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by the writing of the text, number, drawing or barcode in hollow by milling, and the filling cavities thus formed by a liquid, viscous or pasty resin containing metal in suspension 5) Marking of the cores according to the preceding claims characterized é by the fact that the material used for marking is opaque to X-rays or to any other non-destructive form of observation of the material 6) Marking of cores according to claim 1 characterized by the fixing of two microchips equipped with antennas activatable by radio frequencies, after drilling two cavities to accommodate microchips, and coating with a biocompatible adhesive resin. The second microchip is placed approximately 70 ° from the first with respect to the center of the nucleus. 7) Marking of cores according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the writing is done either on a single nucleus at the same time, or on several cores at the same time 8) Marking of the cores according to the preceding claims, characterized in that after affixing the marking on the nucleus, it is no more offensive to the oyster than an unmarked nucleus 9) Marking of cores according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the mark is not the cause of surface defects observed on the cultured pearls 10) Marking of the cores according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the materials used for labeling are well tolerated by humans (non-allergenic)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0309846A FR2858750B1 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2003-08-12 | MARKING OF NUCLEUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CULTURED PEARLS |
| FR0309846 | 2003-08-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005015986A2 true WO2005015986A2 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| WO2005015986A3 WO2005015986A3 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
Family
ID=34112723
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2004/002088 WO2005015986A2 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-05 | Marking cultured pearls |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2858750B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005015986A2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102511431A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-06-27 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for inducing hyriopsis cumingii to produce blister pearls and round pearls |
| WO2015104509A1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I | Method for marking nacre |
| US9444524B2 (en) | 2014-10-18 | 2016-09-13 | Chi Huynh | Use of gemstones with embedded near field communication chips for communication with NFC enabled devices |
| US9824310B2 (en) | 2015-01-05 | 2017-11-21 | Chi Huynh | Article of jewelry with hidden near field communication (NFC) chip and metallic bezel substantially surrounding the NFC chip and uses thereof |
| US10108900B2 (en) | 2014-10-18 | 2018-10-23 | Chi Huynh | Jewelry with security bezel for regulating near field communication with an embedded near field communication chip |
| US10257680B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2019-04-09 | Bruce Quarto | Methods and systems for purchasing, sharing and transferring ownership of digital music using authenticated data files from near field communication (NFC) chips |
| CN110089467A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-06 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | A kind of device and method of measurement shrimp crab perception feed ability |
| US10509994B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 | 2019-12-17 | Chi Huynh | Ring for use in near field communication (NFC) and method of making same |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0749799A2 (en) | 1990-10-11 | 1996-12-27 | Harry Winston S.A. | Die insert method and method for producing same |
| EP0897021A1 (en) | 1997-08-05 | 1999-02-17 | Gemmindustria Gaia Ferrando S.p.A. | Process and device for marking gems and product obtained |
-
2003
- 2003-08-12 FR FR0309846A patent/FR2858750B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-05 WO PCT/FR2004/002088 patent/WO2005015986A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0749799A2 (en) | 1990-10-11 | 1996-12-27 | Harry Winston S.A. | Die insert method and method for producing same |
| EP0897021A1 (en) | 1997-08-05 | 1999-02-17 | Gemmindustria Gaia Ferrando S.p.A. | Process and device for marking gems and product obtained |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102511431A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-06-27 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for inducing hyriopsis cumingii to produce blister pearls and round pearls |
| WO2015104509A1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I | Method for marking nacre |
| FR3016440A1 (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-17 | Univ Claude Bernard Lyon | PROCESS FOR MARKING NACRE |
| US9444524B2 (en) | 2014-10-18 | 2016-09-13 | Chi Huynh | Use of gemstones with embedded near field communication chips for communication with NFC enabled devices |
| US10108900B2 (en) | 2014-10-18 | 2018-10-23 | Chi Huynh | Jewelry with security bezel for regulating near field communication with an embedded near field communication chip |
| US10257680B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2019-04-09 | Bruce Quarto | Methods and systems for purchasing, sharing and transferring ownership of digital music using authenticated data files from near field communication (NFC) chips |
| US10638296B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | Bruce Quarto | Methods and systems for purchasing, sharing and transferring ownership of digital music using authenticated data files from near field communication (NFC) chips |
| US11272339B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2022-03-08 | Bruce Quarto | Methods and systems for purchasing, sharing and transferring ownership of digital music using authenticated data files from near field communication (NFC) chips |
| US9824310B2 (en) | 2015-01-05 | 2017-11-21 | Chi Huynh | Article of jewelry with hidden near field communication (NFC) chip and metallic bezel substantially surrounding the NFC chip and uses thereof |
| CN110089467A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-06 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | A kind of device and method of measurement shrimp crab perception feed ability |
| US10509994B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 | 2019-12-17 | Chi Huynh | Ring for use in near field communication (NFC) and method of making same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2858750B1 (en) | 2005-10-14 |
| FR2858750A1 (en) | 2005-02-18 |
| WO2005015986A3 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
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