WO2004094928A1 - Adsorption chiller for the production of cooling power from low temperature hot water - Google Patents

Adsorption chiller for the production of cooling power from low temperature hot water Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004094928A1
WO2004094928A1 PCT/GR2004/000025 GR2004000025W WO2004094928A1 WO 2004094928 A1 WO2004094928 A1 WO 2004094928A1 GR 2004000025 W GR2004000025 W GR 2004000025W WO 2004094928 A1 WO2004094928 A1 WO 2004094928A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
space
water
heat exchanger
tubes
silicagel
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PCT/GR2004/000025
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French (fr)
Inventor
Alexandros Papadopoulos
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Alexandros Papadopoulos
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Publication of WO2004094928A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004094928A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
    • B60H1/32014—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption using adsorption, e.g. using Zeolite and water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

Definitions

  • thermal energy into cooling power is a technology known and applied for decades, especially with the combustion of propane and other fuels or with the use of steam, in Absorption Chillers, where the working medium was ammonia or lithium bromide etc.
  • the available heat source is water with low temperature for example 50°C till 90°C from rejected heat from cooling of internal combustion engines or district heating or solar collectors etc.
  • the present invention consists in the development of an Adsorption Chiller of small (or even great) size namely from 3.0KW cooling or less till 30KW cooling (or even more) with the use of an Adsorbing Medium (for example Silicagel or Zeolite etc.) suitable for regeneration by the use of hot water of low temperature of the order of 50°-90°C and a suitable working (adsorbed) Medium (for example water or a solution of water and an organic substance for ' example alcohol or tolouole etc.), with minimal moving parts, higher COP (of the order of 0,60 till 0,90) compared to existing relative devices (of greater presently cooling power) and low anticipated cost, which will make them economically competitive with the conventional devices for cooling and air-conditioning in collaboration with heat sources of low temperature (50°-90°C).
  • Adsorption Chiller for example Silicagel or Zeolite etc.
  • FIG. 1a is shown in section the axonometric drawing of the Adsorption Chiller with Adsorbing Medium (for example Silicagel) and the flow of the working (adsorbed) Medium (for example water), of the hot water (for the regeneration of the Adsorbing Medium), of the cooling water (for the cooling of the Silicagel and the condensation of the produced water vapor), of the produced chilled water (for example for air-conditioning), as well as the interconnection of the operational parts of the Adsorption Chiller among them and with the external sources of water as above.
  • the Drawing 1 b is shown in detail the Feeding Valve (9) for the cyclic interchanging feeding with hot water and cooling water of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) of the Adsorption Chiller.
  • the new Adsorption Chiller is characterized by that it is an adsorption Heat Pump, which uses an Adsorbing Medium (2a, ⁇ ) suitable for regeneration with hot water of low temperature (50-90°C) for example Silicagel or even other relative substances, such as zeolite (for higher temperatures of the hot water for the regeneration of the zeolite for example 100°C and over), etc., while as working Medium (2 ⁇ , ⁇ ') can be used for example water, or alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol or water and tolouole etc.
  • Adsorbing Medium 2a, ⁇
  • working Medium (2 ⁇ , ⁇ ') can be used for example water, or alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol or water and tolouole etc.
  • the Adsorption Chiller is characterized by that it is constituted by the Vacuum Vessel (4), which is a symmetrical by rotation around an axis metallic vessel (for example cylindrical or barreloid etc) inside which is created an about 10mBar Vacuum by the Vacuum Pump (4 ⁇ ), (which in small powers can be omitted, as it is the case for example in the compressors of the household refrigerators).
  • the internal surface of the Internal Wall (4 ⁇ ) can be equipped with Cooling Fins (4 ⁇ ).
  • the condensated water- vapor constitute the Condensate (2 ⁇ ), which flows on the Cooling Fins (4 ⁇ ) and is collected in the bottom of the Condensing Heat-Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ), which is formulated into the toroidal Condensate Collector (15 ⁇ ).
  • the Condensate Cooler (15 ⁇ ) [for instance by the immersion of a helicoidal for example copper-tube into the Hot Condensate (2 ⁇ ), which is collected in the (15 ⁇ ) or by formulating in the inner part of the bottom of the Condensate Collector (15 ⁇ ) the Internal Wall (15 ⁇ ), eventually equipped with Heat Exchanging Fins (15 ⁇ ) within the Condensate (2 ⁇ ), thus creating the Condensate Cooler (15 ⁇ ), which is this way prepositioned, of the external Condensing Heat-Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ) and is operated with the Cooling Water (4 ⁇ ), which enters via the Inlet Tube (4 ⁇ ) at the bottom of the Heat-Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ), circulates first through the Condensate Cooler (15 ⁇ ) and cools the Oondensate (2 ⁇ ) [so that from Hot Condensate (2 ⁇ ) it becomes the Cold Condensate (2 ⁇ ')] and subsequently it circulates into the upper walls of the external Condensate Heat
  • the proofing is even more ameliorated by the existence of the Proofing Foils (1 u) (made of rubber or rubber with an internal steel foil or other foil-spring sheet), which "leak” and make proof the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ).
  • the Proofing Foils (1u) are imbedded at the external lips of the Cartridges (1,), right and left of each Proofing Cylinder (1 ⁇ ) at their whole length.
  • the Proofing Fins (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) are stretching along only the length of the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) [where there exist the Silicagel Mantels (2 ⁇ ),(2 ⁇ )].
  • the Proofing Fins (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) are terminated to the Proofing Rings (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) up and down respectively [for the perimetric proofing of the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ )], where after the necessary length for proofing, the Proofing Rings (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) disappear and remains only the smooth toroidal Cylindrical Mantel (1 ⁇ ), which is constituted by the Parallel metallic Tubes (1 ⁇ ), (1 ⁇ ) and the casted around them in form of a toroidal tube non-conducting thermally Wall (1x) (for instance made of bakelite or other material which is a bad thermal conductor and can withstand to alternating temperatures of 100°C), which comes through vacuum-proof from both opposite domes of the Vacuum Vessel (4).
  • a toroidal tube non-conducting thermally Wall (1x) for instance made of bakelite or other material which is a bad thermal conductor and can withstand to alternating temperatures of 100°C
  • the non-conducting thermally Wall (1 ⁇ ) unifies each-other into a toroidal cylindrical arrangement the parallel Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) either in a single cyclic series (as shown in the Drawings le and 1e 2 ) or in two concentric cyclic series [one of them with the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and the other with the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) as shown in the Drawings 1e-,' and 1e 2 '], thus constituting a projection of the Skeleton (1 ⁇ ) and the Proofing Fins (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ), [where the elements (1x), (1 ⁇ ), (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) are made all for instance by casting and from the same thermally non-conducting material (for instance bakelite etc. as above), where the thermally non-conducting material secures that there will be no thermal losses by conduction from the hot part of the relative element to the cold one during the passing-over from a hot to a cold space and vice-versa].
  • the thermally non-conducting material secures that
  • the internal Heat Exchanger (1) which is situated coaxially inside the Vacuum Vessel (4), comes through it, that is the free ends of the Parallel Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ), come out from both sides, through the Cylindrical Mantels (1 ⁇ ), vacuum-proof from the Vacuum Vessel (4).
  • the non-conducting thermally Skeleton (1 ⁇ ) bears the coming-through Holes (1 o) [only at the part of the Internal Heat-Exchanger (1), where there exist the Proofing Fins (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ )].
  • the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) includes the Silicagel Mantels (2 ⁇ ) and (2 ⁇ ), which consist of coaxial layers of tube-like, vertical packages of Silicagel (2 ⁇ ) and (2 ⁇ ) on the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ), packaged within the relative permeable to water-vapor Silicagel-Net-cases (1 ⁇ ), made of suitable metallic (or even of other material for instance plastic etc.) Net (2p), which permits the free circulation of the hot or cold Water Vapors (2 ⁇ ) or (2 ⁇ ) to the included Silicagel even coming-through by circulation via also the Holes (1o) towards the corresponding Silicagel Package (2 ⁇ ) or (2 ⁇ ), which is situated behind the before-staying Silicagel Package [(2 ⁇ ) or (2 ⁇ ) correspondingly], permitting therefore the practically free circulation of the Water Vapors (2 ⁇ ) and (2 ⁇ ) of the Working Medium (2 ⁇ ) (i.e.
  • each Silicagel Mantel (2 ⁇ ) or (2 ⁇ ) has a longitudinal, tube-like-form with a length equal to this-one of the Silicagel Cage (1 ⁇ ) and internal cross-section equal to the external cross-section of the relevant Tube (2 ⁇ ) or (2 ⁇ ).
  • the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (2 ⁇ ) are made of metal with high thermal conductivity (for instance copper or aluminum etc) but also with a lower specific heat capacity (preferably of aluminum) for the reduction of the thermal losses.
  • the packages of the Silicagel Mantels (2 ⁇ ), (2 ⁇ ) with the relevant Tubes (1 ⁇ ), (1 ⁇ ) are withhold inside the Cages (1 ⁇ ) by the perforated Holding Diaphragms (1 ⁇ ), made for instance of aluminum or stainless steel perforated. Thin sheets.
  • the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ) consists of thermally insulating material in order to insulate thermally the Spaces which they separate.
  • the Condensation Space (E) which is located around and outside of the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ) and the Evaporator Space ( ⁇ ) [that is above the Condensate Collector (15 ⁇ ), at the external side of the Internal Heat- Exchanger (1)] and includes also the toroidal Condensate Collector (15 ⁇ ), the Condensate Cooler (15 ⁇ ) and the Level Monitor (15 ⁇ ), which regulates the flow of the Cold Condensate (2 ⁇ ') from the Space (E) to the ( ⁇ ) through the Tube (14 ⁇ ), the Triode Valve (14 ⁇ ) and the Pump (14 ⁇ ) without spoiling the vacuum of the Space ( ⁇ ). It consists also of the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A), ( ⁇ ) and (E) which are created by the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ) and they have the following characteristics and operational data:
  • the Space (A) (Adsorption Space) extends as long as the Circle Section (A) is extended and occupies the space between the Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger. ⁇ ), where from the internal side it is confined by the Section (A) of the Rotating Diaphragm (3 ⁇ ) [which permits it, through the Adsorption Holes (3cQ, to communicate with the Evaporation Space ( ⁇ ) of the Evaporator (7)], while from the external side it is closed by the Section (A) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ), which isolates it from the Condensation Space (E). Also through the Proofing Fins (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) it is isolated from the other Spaces (B), (A-B) and (B-A).
  • the Space (B) [Desorption (or Regeneration) Space] is extended as long as the 5 Circle Section (B) is extended and occupies the space between the Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), where from the internal side it is confined by the Section (B) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ), which isolates it from the internal Evaporation Space (D) of the Evaporator (7), while from the external side it is confined by the Section (B) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ), [which permits it
  • the Space (A-B) is the transition space from the condition of the Space (A) (saturated Silicagel) to the Condition of the Space (B) (regenerated Silicagel) and is defined as the space with Silicagel between the two Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ), which begins from where are terminated the Adsorption Holes (3 ⁇ ') of (3 ⁇ ) and ends where begin the Regeneration Holes (3 ⁇ ') of the (3 ⁇ ).
  • the Space (B-A) is the transition space from the condition of the Space (B) (regenerated Silicagel) to the condition of the Space (A) (adsorbing Silicagel) and is defined as the space with Silicagel between the two Rotating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ), which begins from where the Regenerating Holes (3 ⁇ ') of (3 ⁇ ) are terminated and ends there, where begin the Adsorption Holes (3 ⁇ ') of (3 ⁇ ).
  • the Evaporation Space ( ⁇ ) [the evaporation space of the Working Medium (2 ⁇ , ')], consists of the cylindrical internal part of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) and at its lower part it has the form of a basin, which includes the Evaporator (7) and the Spraying System (14).
  • the Evaporation Space ( ⁇ ) is closed from all sides and isolated from the Condensation Space (E) as well as from all other Spaces [(B), (A-
  • the Condensing Space (E) is isolated by the (3 ⁇ ), (3 ⁇ ) from the other Spaces [(A), (A-B), (B-A), ( ⁇ )], while it communicates via the Holes (3 ⁇ ') with the Regeneration Space (B), through which come out the hot Water Vapors (2 ⁇ ), which originate from the regenerating (desorbing) Silicagel (2 ⁇ ) and (2 ⁇ ) of the Silicagel Mantel (2) in the Space (B), condensate on the Cooling Fins (4 ⁇ ) and they are transformed into the hot Condensate (2 ⁇ ), which flows and is collected in the Condensate Collector (15 ⁇ ).
  • the Evaporation Chiller (7) consists of the bundle of spiroidal Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7 ⁇ ) [a part of which is immersed in the Collection Basin (7 ⁇ ) of the Chilled Condensate (2 ⁇ )], which consists of many parallel spiral coils of copper or aluminum equipped for instance also with cooling fins and fixed over the round Collection Basin (7 ⁇ ) of the Chilled Condensate (2 ⁇ ), the Inlet-Outlet Tubes (7 ⁇ ) and the Circulation Pump (7 ⁇ ), which circulates the Chilling Water (7 ⁇ ) through the Fan-Coils (7 ⁇ ) of the Cooling Load and it returns it to the Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7 ⁇ ).
  • the Collection Basin (7 ⁇ ) of the Chilled Condensate (2 ⁇ ) has the form of a round basin for instance made of copper or aluminum, situated under the Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7 ⁇ ) and collects the Chilled Condensate (2 ⁇ ), which could not be evaporated on the (7 ⁇ ) and which boils in vacuum in the (7 ⁇ ) or is taken for recirculation by the pressure Pump (14 ⁇ ) [via the Triode Valve (14 ⁇ ) and the Level Monitor (7 ⁇ ) for spraying as above and is surrounded externally by the External Insulation (6).
  • the Spraying System (14) consist of the Pump (14 ⁇ ), which through the Suction Tubes (14 ⁇ ) of the Triode Valve (14 ⁇ ) can suck either the Cold Condensate (2 ⁇ ') from the Condensate Collector (15 ⁇ ), or the Chilled Condensate (2 ⁇ ) from the Collection Basin (7 ⁇ ) at the bottom of the Evaporation Chiller (7) [the change-over from the Chilled Condensate (2 ⁇ ) to the Cold Condensate (2 ⁇ ') is effected with suitable Level Monitors (15 ⁇ ) and (7 ⁇ ) of the levels of the (2 ⁇ ') and of the (2 ⁇ ) relatively] and after elevating its pressure it sends it to the Spaying Nozzles (146-0 via the overlaying Spraying Tubes (14 ⁇ 2 ), from where the Condensate [(2 ⁇ ') or (2 ⁇ )] is sprayed on to the Evaporation Tubes (7 ⁇ ), where it is evaporated violently and in combination with the boiling under vacuum of the (2 ⁇ ) it subtracts heat and chills the Chilling Water (7 ⁇
  • External Insulation (6) which consists for instance of the Polyurethane Layer (6 ⁇ ) with a width of 3-5cm on the external Metallic Wall (4 ⁇ ) of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ) and is protected by the External Cladding (6 ⁇ ) for instance of thin galvanized steel sheet with a suitable external painting.
  • External Insulation (6) which consists for instance of the Polyurethane Layer (6 ⁇ ) with a width of 3-5cm on the external Metallic Wall (4 ⁇ ) of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ) and is protected by the External Cladding (6 ⁇ ) for instance of thin galvanized steel sheet with a suitable external painting.
  • Feeding Valve (9) [and the mirror-similar to this one Feeding Valve (9')], which consists of the following elements:
  • the external Mantel (9 ⁇ ) of for instance cylindrical form made of steel or copper or aluminum etc. that connects the Feeding Valve (9) with the main body of the Adsorption Chiller via the Connection Flange (9 ⁇ ).
  • the Feeder Fins (9 ⁇ ) at an X Shape which are made of a thermally insulating material for example of bakelite or a polyurethane sandwich etc.
  • The-Spaces (Bi) and (9 ⁇ 0 communicate via the Opening (9n0, the Spaces (Ai) and (9 ⁇ 2 ) via the Opening (9n 2 ) and the Spaces (A r B0 and (9 ⁇ 0 via the Opening (9 ⁇ -,) and the Spaces (B A0 and (9 ⁇ 2 ) via the Opening (9 ⁇ 2 ).
  • the feeder Fins (9 ⁇ ) separate the internal space of the Feeder Valve to 4 spaces and namely the Space (A for the Cooling Water (1 ⁇ ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (B for the Hot Water (1 ⁇ ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (A B0 as a transition space from the Space (A0 to the Space (B0 and the Space (B r A0 as a transition space from the Space (B0 to the Space (A0, which correspond fully to the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) to which is divided the internal space of the Adsorption Chiller by the Rotating Diaphragms (3).
  • Feeder Cylinder (9 ⁇ ) via the Motion Mechanism (9o) is rotated together with the Feeder Fins (9 ⁇ ) and the Feeder Diaphragms (9 ⁇ ) inside the External Mantel (9 ⁇ ) of the Feeder Valve (9), as well as inside the Feeder Rings (9 ⁇ ), (9 ⁇ ) and Recirculation (9 ⁇ ) and (9v) supported down on the Bearing (9p) and up on the Reduction Gear (9o 2 ).
  • the Space (9 ⁇ 0 and the Feeder Ring (9 ⁇ ) communicate via the Opening (9 ⁇ 0, the Space (9 ⁇ 2 ) and the Feeder Ring (9 ⁇ ) via the Opening (9 ⁇ 0, the Space (9 ⁇ 0 and the Recirculation Ring (9 ⁇ ) via the Opening (9 ⁇ 0 and the Space (9 ⁇ 2 ) and the Recirculation Ring (9v) via the Opening (9v0-
  • the same spaces and the relative communication openings exist also in the lower Feeding Valve (9') and are characterized by the same characteristic numbers and letters, which for differentiation bear a tone [i.e.
  • the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Cooling Water (1 ⁇ ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Space (A) (for example equal to 150°) via the circuit which is composed by the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) of the Spaces (A) of the Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (A0, the Opening (9n 2 ), the Space (9 ⁇ 2 ), the Opening (9 ⁇ 0, the Feeder Ring (9 ⁇ ), the Outlet Tube (9 ⁇ 2 ), the cooling Water Tubes (12 ⁇ ), the Feeder Source with Cooling Water (12 ⁇ ) (which can be for example a cooling tower or a heat exchanger for cooling of the water with a stream of air for use in vehicles or a container of cold water down and warm water up for use by warm-water-users i.e.
  • the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Recirculation Water (1v) from the Hot to the Cold section of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Spaces (A-B) (for example equal to 30°) via the circuit, which is composed by the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) of the Space (A-B) of the Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (A B0 of the Upper Feeder Valve (9), the Opening (9 ⁇ 0, the Space (9 ⁇ 0 of the Feeder Cylinder (9 ⁇ ), the Opening (9 ⁇ 0, the Recirculation Ring (9 ⁇ ), the Outlet Tube (9 ⁇ 2 ), the Pump (13 ⁇ ), the Recirculation Tubes (13 ⁇ ), the Inlet Tube (9v 2 ), the Recirculation Ring (9v), the Opening (9v0, the Space (9 ⁇ 2 ) of the Feeder Cylinder (9 ⁇ ), the Opening (9 ⁇ 2 ), the Space (B A0, the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) of the Space (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) and the
  • the main element which contributes to the success of a high efficiency in the Adsorption Chiller is the very low heat absorption capacity of the Spaces (A) and (B), which is due to the non-conducting thermally material of the Skeleton (1 ⁇ ) in combination with the very small heat-absorption-capacity of the Tubes (1 ⁇ ) and (1 ⁇ ) (i.e thin tubes of aluminum) as well as of the insulating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ), (3 ⁇ ) and the Silicagel Mantel (2 ⁇ ), (2 ⁇ ). That means small thermal losses during the cyclic interchange of the Spaces (A) and (B).
  • the recirculation of water from the Tubes (1 ⁇ ), (1 ⁇ ) of the Section (A-B) to the Tubes (1 ⁇ ), (1 ⁇ ) of the Section (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) is effected with a better efficiency and relative energy saving by separating of the space of the sections (A B0 and (B A0 into more parts (instead of one to one) for instance four to four, where the hotter part of (B-A) [this one which just exits from the Space (B)] will heat the more heated part of (A-B) [this one which is ready to enter the (B)] and so we have a relative energy saving and improvement of the efficiency, consequently the Elements (9 ⁇ 0, (9 ⁇ 0, (9 ⁇ 2 ) and (9 ⁇ 2 ) are also divided in, for instance, four parts and namely (9 ⁇ 0 ⁇ , 2 , 3 ,4, (9 ⁇ O ⁇ , 2 ,3, 4 , (9 ⁇ 2 ) ⁇ , 2 ,3 >4 , (9 ⁇ 2 ) 1
  • the evaporated Water Vapors (2 ⁇ ) are adsorbed exothermally by the unsaturated Silicagel of the Silicagel Mantel (2), which corresponds to the arch-section of the Space (A).
  • the Silicagel slowly is saturated and reaches a point where it cannot adsorb any more Water Vapors (2 ⁇ ) but as the Space (A) is rotated (due to the rotation of the Rotating Diaphragms (3), whose rotating Separating Diaphragms (3 ⁇ ) and (3 ⁇ ) transfer the Adsorption Space (A) to adjacent sections of the Silicagel Mantel (2), where the relative Silicagel is regenerated and unsaturated, thus the adsorption procedure is continued without interruption.
  • the hot water Vapor (2 ⁇ ) which are rejected in the Space (B) from the regenerated Silicagel, they come out and circulate in the space of the Condenser (E), where they are cooled and condensed into the hot Condensate (2 ⁇ ) on the Cooling Fins (4 ⁇ ) of the external Condensing Heat Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ), which is circulated and cooled by the cooling Water (10 ⁇ ) (4 ⁇ ) via the circuit which is composed by the Elements: Mantel (4 ⁇ ) of the Heat Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ), Outlet Tubes of Cooling Water (10 ⁇ ) and (10 ⁇ ), Cooling Water Tank (10 ⁇ ), Return Tubes of Cooling Water (10 ⁇ ), Cooling Water Pump (10 ⁇ ), Return Tube of Cooling Water (4 ⁇ ), return to the Mantel (4 ⁇ ) of the Condensing Heat Exchanger (4 ⁇ , ⁇ ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The Adsorption Chiller consists in a heat pump with adsorption, where the adsorbing medium is Silicagel and the adsorbed medium water, which can transform hot water 50-90¤C temperature into chilled water for air-conditioning with COP of 0,6 with continuous cyclic operation, contrary to the known Silicagel heat pumps, which work interchanging the roles of the adsorption and regeneration chambers, resulting a high cost and low efficiency. The cyclic continuous operation of the new Adsorption Chiller minimizes the losses and improves the efficiency, permitting the construction of small power models, suitable for applications of solar air-conditioning in residencies or of air-conditioning of vehicles using the rejected heat from the motor. In addition the minimization of moving parts and the inherent good thermal insulation contribute also in the improvement of the reliability and if the reduction of the cost of the new Adsorption Chiller.

Description

ADSORPTION CHILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COOLING POWER FROM
LOW TEMPERATURE HOT WATER
A. GENERAL-FIELD REVIEW
The transformation of thermal energy into cooling power is a technology known and applied for decades, especially with the combustion of propane and other fuels or with the use of steam, in Absorption Chillers, where the working medium was ammonia or lithium bromide etc.
However there exist many applications where it is desirable the production of cooling power, but the available heat source is water with low temperature for example 50°C till 90°C from rejected heat from cooling of internal combustion engines or district heating or solar collectors etc.
For these cases have been developed special technologies for example with lithium bromide for temperatures above 90°C or with Silicagel and water (Adsorption Chillers) for temperatures from 50°C till 90°C and COPs 0,45 till 0,75'. However these last devices are of great power (above 50KW cooling till about 1000KW cooling with possibilities towards greater power but not lower due to the deterioration of their efficiency as well as due to their specific cost).
So the area below 50KW cooling capacity for example from 3KW till 30KW cooling, which could operate for example the air-condition of a car with the hot water from the cooling of the motor or a residence from 25m2 till 300m2 with use of hot water of 50- 90°C for example from solar collectors etc. have not yet or cannot be covered by the existing technology.
B. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention consists in the development of an Adsorption Chiller of small (or even great) size namely from 3.0KW cooling or less till 30KW cooling (or even more) with the use of an Adsorbing Medium (for example Silicagel or Zeolite etc.) suitable for regeneration by the use of hot water of low temperature of the order of 50°-90°C and a suitable working (adsorbed) Medium (for example water or a solution of water and an organic substance for'example alcohol or tolouole etc.), with minimal moving parts, higher COP (of the order of 0,60 till 0,90) compared to existing relative devices (of greater presently cooling power) and low anticipated cost, which will make them economically competitive with the conventional devices for cooling and air-conditioning in collaboration with heat sources of low temperature (50°-90°C). The new cooling adsorption device will be named in the following for abbreviation "Adsorption Chiller".
C. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the Drawing 1a is shown in section the axonometric drawing of the Adsorption Chiller with Adsorbing Medium (for example Silicagel) and the flow of the working (adsorbed) Medium (for example water), of the hot water (for the regeneration of the Adsorbing Medium), of the cooling water (for the cooling of the Silicagel and the condensation of the produced water vapor), of the produced chilled water (for example for air-conditioning), as well as the interconnection of the operational parts of the Adsorption Chiller among them and with the external sources of water as above. In the Drawing 1 b is shown in detail the Feeding Valve (9) for the cyclic interchanging feeding with hot water and cooling water of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) of the Adsorption Chiller.
In the Drawings 1 c and 1c' is shown in detail in horizontal and vertical section the structure of the wall of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) of the Adsorption Chiller. In the Drawing 1d is shown the Section B-B' of the Adsorption Chiller, in which are shown the Internal Exchange Areas (A), (B), (B-A), (A-B), (D) and (E) (corresponding to the separate rooms and phases of operation of the conventional chillers with Silicagel with interchangeable operation). In the Drawings 1e-ι and 1e2 is shown the Section A-A' of the Feeding Valve (9) of the Drawing 1 with the final arrangement of the Tubes (1α), (1 β) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) in a single cyclic series and in a double cyclic series correspondingly. The equilibrium of temperatures of the areas (A-B) and (B-A), is effected in both cases with a single channel of recirculation. In the Drawing 1e-,' and 1e2' is shown the Section (A-A') of the Feeding Valve (9) of the Drawing 1b with the final arrangement of the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) as above, but here the equilibrium of the temperatures of the areas (A-B) and (B-A) is effected in both cases with a multiple channel of recirculation, which permits better exploitation of the temperature differences resulting in an amelioration of the efficiency. In the Drawing 1f is shown in detail the Room of the Evaporator (7) for the production of the Chilled Water (7ψ) and the connection of the Adsorption Chiller with the Cooling Loads. C. DETAILED TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
In the following is given the detailed technical description of the new Adsorption Chiller. The new Adsorption Chiller is characterized by that it is an adsorption Heat Pump, which uses an Adsorbing Medium (2a,β) suitable for regeneration with hot water of low temperature (50-90°C) for example Silicagel or even other relative substances, such as zeolite (for higher temperatures of the hot water for the regeneration of the zeolite for example 100°C and over), etc., while as working Medium (2κ,κ') can be used for example water, or alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol or water and tolouole etc.
It is also characterized by that the procedure of adsorption of the water vapors by the Adsorbing Medium (2α,β) for example the Silicagel and afterwards the regeneration of Silicagel with hot water of low temperature take place in a vacuum of about lOmBar for the adsorption and about 70mBar for the regeneration of the Silicagel in separate rooms, but contrary to the existing till today devices, where the two separate rooms or chambers are working discontinuously and interchange periodically their roles, here the procedures of adsorption/desorption (regeneration) take place in a continuous, cyclically interchangeable procedure, which is effected on the one hand with the continuous successive cyclic feeding with Hot Water (1λ) and Cooling Water (1 κ) of the Silicagel Mantel (2α) and (2β) of the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) respectively through the rotation of the Feeding Valves (9) and (9') and on the other hand with the simultaneous synchronized rotation of the Rotated Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) with this one of the Valves (9) and (9'), which have as a result the continuous cyclic rotation and interchange of the Adsorption Space (A) with the Regeneration Space (B) correspondingly and so on, through the Rotation Mechanisms (5), (9o) and (9'o). Each full cycle of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) lasts about 7-10 minutes and within this time the Silicagel of the Silicagel Mantel (2) has done a complete cycle of adsorption/regeneration (desorption) as described in the following. More analytically the Adsorption Chiller is characterized by that it is constituted by the Vacuum Vessel (4), which is a symmetrical by rotation around an axis metallic vessel (for example cylindrical or barreloid etc) inside which is created an about 10mBar Vacuum by the Vacuum Pump (4ζ), (which in small powers can be omitted, as it is the case for example in the compressors of the household refrigerators). It is also characterized by that it includes a Water Vapor Condenser (4α,β), which is created for example as a separate air/water-vapor condenser heat exchanger with external and internal heat-exchanging fins, which communicates with the Vacuum Vessel (4) at the upper part via a water-vapor transfer channel to the (4a, b) [eventually equipped (the transfer channel) with a water-vapor suction fan from the Vacuum Vessel (4) and suppression of the vapor into the (4α,β) for the acceleration and amplification of their condensing procedure] and at the lower part via a tube for the return to the Vessel (4) of the vapor condensate or it is characterized by that it includes a Water Vapor Condensing Heat Exchanger (4α,β) as above but for example incorporated into the Vacuum Vessel (4), where this [the Vessel (4)], is formulated into an air/water-vapor condensing heat-exchanger with external cooling fins by air (for example like these ones of the motor-cylinders of the motorcycles) and internal fins for the condensation of the water-vapors, which is cooled with an air stream for example by the movement of the adsorption chiller when it is used for air conditioning of cars or also with an additional fan or it is characterized by that it includes a Water-vapor Condensing Heat -Exchanger (4α,β), which is created as a water/water-vapor condensing heat-exchanger for example incorporated into the Vacuum Vessel (4), where this [the Vessel (4)] is formulated into a water/water-vapor condensing heat-exchanger with External Wall (4α) with suitable External Insulation (6α) and Internal Wall (4β) with internal fins for the condensation of the water-vapor, where the External Wall (4α) of the Vessel (4) [formulated as Condensing Heat Exchanger (4α,β)] is constructed from, for example, iron-sheet or from Copper or Aluminum-sheet of a suitable thickness, in order to withstand the creation of a l OmBar vacuum, while in its internal side the Vacuum Vessel (4) includes the Internal Wall (4β), which using the vertical Perforated Diaphragms (4γ), creates the external Condensing Heat-Exchanger (4α,β), which is circulated by the Cooling-Water (4Θ), in order to cool and condense the Water-Vapors (2Θ), which are rejected during the regeneration (desorption) of the Adsorbing Medium for instance the Silicagel of the Mantel (2α,β).
For a better cooling/condensation of the Water-Vapor (2Θ), the internal surface of the Internal Wall (4β) can be equipped with Cooling Fins (4δ). The condensated water- vapor constitute the Condensate (2κ), which flows on the Cooling Fins (4δ) and is collected in the bottom of the Condensing Heat-Exchanger (4α,β), which is formulated into the toroidal Condensate Collector (15α). In the inner side of the toroidal Condensate Collector (15α), is created the Condensate Cooler (15δ) [for instance by the immersion of a helicoidal for example copper-tube into the Hot Condensate (2κ), which is collected in the (15α) or by formulating in the inner part of the bottom of the Condensate Collector (15α) the Internal Wall (15β), eventually equipped with Heat Exchanging Fins (15γ) within the Condensate (2κ), thus creating the Condensate Cooler (15δ), which is this way prepositioned, of the external Condensing Heat-Exchanger (4α,β) and is operated with the Cooling Water (4Θ), which enters via the Inlet Tube (4ζ) at the bottom of the Heat-Exchanger (4α,β), circulates first through the Condensate Cooler (15δ) and cools the Oondensate (2κ) [so that from Hot Condensate (2κ) it becomes the Cold Condensate (2κ')] and subsequently it circulates into the upper walls of the external Condensate Heat Exchanger (4α,β) in order to condensate the hot Water-Vapor (2Θ) [into the hot Condensate (2κ), which flows subsequently into the Condensate Collector (15α) and is transformed into the Cold Condensate (2κ') as given above] and subsequently the Cooling Water (4Θ) with a temperature 30-32°C comes out from the Outlet Tube (4ξ) at the upper part of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4α,β).
It is also characterized by that it consists of the Internal Heat-Exchangers (1) [for the heating or the cooling of the Silicagel Mantel (2α) or (2β)], which consists of the nonconducting thermally Skeleton (1 ω), which bears the Proofing Fins (1γ) (internal) and (1δ) (external), which have a double role: first they create the parallel vertical Cages (1ε) inside which are hold the Packages of the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) with the corresponding Silicagel Mantels (2α) and (2β) (internal and external correspondingly) and second their external ends are formulated into parallel, vertical, cylindrical, hollow cartridges of Proofing Bearings (1ι), inside which are situated the axis -like Proofing Cylinders (1κ), which play in the one hand the role of the rolling bearing for the tangent on them Rotating Diaphragms (3α) (internal) and (3β) (external) and on the other hand they are proofing the spaces (A),(B), (A-B) and (B-A) [which are created between the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β)], as well as the internal space of the Evaporator (D), where exists under pressure 10-30 mBar, from the external space of the Condenser (E), where exists an under pressure of 50-100 mBar approximately.
The proofing is even more ameliorated by the existence of the Proofing Foils (1 u) (made of rubber or rubber with an internal steel foil or other foil-spring sheet), which "leak" and make proof the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β). The Proofing Foils (1u) are imbedded at the external lips of the Cartridges (1,), right and left of each Proofing Cylinder (1 κ) at their whole length. The Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ) are stretching along only the length of the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) [where there exist the Silicagel Mantels (2α),(2β)].
Beyond the ends of the Spaces the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ) are terminated to the Proofing Rings (1 σ) and (1τ) up and down respectively [for the perimetric proofing of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β)], where after the necessary length for proofing, the Proofing Rings (1σ) and (1τ) disappear and remains only the smooth toroidal Cylindrical Mantel (1ττ), which is constituted by the Parallel metallic Tubes (1α), (1 β) and the casted around them in form of a toroidal tube non-conducting thermally Wall (1x) (for instance made of bakelite or other material which is a bad thermal conductor and can withstand to alternating temperatures of 100°C), which comes through vacuum-proof from both opposite domes of the Vacuum Vessel (4). In addition the non-conducting thermally Wall (1χ), unifies each-other into a toroidal cylindrical arrangement the parallel Tubes (1α) and (1 β) either in a single cyclic series (as shown in the Drawings le and 1e2) or in two concentric cyclic series [one of them with the Tubes (1 α) and the other with the Tubes (1 β) as shown in the Drawings 1e-,' and 1e2'], thus constituting a projection of the Skeleton (1ω) and the Proofing Fins (1 σ) and (1τ), [where the elements (1x), (1 ω), (1σ) and (1τ) are made all for instance by casting and from the same thermally non-conducting material (for instance bakelite etc. as above), where the thermally non-conducting material secures that there will be no thermal losses by conduction from the hot part of the relative element to the cold one during the passing-over from a hot to a cold space and vice-versa].
The internal Heat Exchanger (1), which is situated coaxially inside the Vacuum Vessel (4), comes through it, that is the free ends of the Parallel Tubes (1α) and (1β), come out from both sides, through the Cylindrical Mantels (1π), vacuum-proof from the Vacuum Vessel (4). The non-conducting thermally Skeleton (1 ω) bears the coming-through Holes (1 o) [only at the part of the Internal Heat-Exchanger (1), where there exist the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ)]. The coming-through Holes (1 o), which correspond to the Space (A), [which is defined by the corresponding section of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α), which bears the Holes (3'α)], permit to the Cold Water Vapor (2ψ) to penetrate also to the external side of the non-conducting thermally Skeleton (1 ω), which corresponds to the Space (A), towards the positions of the relative unsaturated Silicagel Mantels (2β) [of course passing through first from the (2α) correspondingly], originating from the Evaporation Space (Δ). Correspondingly the coming through Holes (1o), when they correspond to the Space (B), [which is defined by the relative section of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β), which bears the Holes (3β')], permit to the Hot Water Vapor (2Θ) to escape also from the internal side of the non-conducting thermally Skeleton (1ω), which corresponds to the Space (B), from the positions of the corresponding regenerating (desorbing) Silicagel Mantels (2α) [escaping of course subsequently through also the corresponding regenerating Silicagel Mantels (2β) respectively], towards the Condensing Space (E). In addition the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) includes the Silicagel Mantels (2α) and (2β), which consist of coaxial layers of tube-like, vertical packages of Silicagel (2α) and (2β) on the Tubes (1α) and (1 β), packaged within the relative permeable to water-vapor Silicagel-Net-cases (1φ), made of suitable metallic (or even of other material for instance plastic etc.) Net (2p), which permits the free circulation of the hot or cold Water Vapors (2Θ) or (2ψ) to the included Silicagel even coming-through by circulation via also the Holes (1o) towards the corresponding Silicagel Package (2α) or (2β), which is situated behind the before-staying Silicagel Package [(2β) or (2α) correspondingly], permitting therefore the practically free circulation of the Water Vapors (2Θ) and (2ψ) of the Working Medium (2κ) (i.e. water) for the procedure of adsorption/desorption (regeneration) of the packages of the Silicagel Mantel only there, where the Holes (3α') and (3β') of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) define the internal space of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) of the Adsorption Chiller to an Adsorption Space (A) or to a Desorption (Regeneration) Space (B). Therefore each Silicagel Mantel (2α) or (2β) has a longitudinal, tube-like-form with a length equal to this-one of the Silicagel Cage (1ε) and internal cross-section equal to the external cross-section of the relevant Tube (2α) or (2β). The Tubes (1α) and (2β) are made of metal with high thermal conductivity (for instance copper or aluminum etc) but also with a lower specific heat capacity (preferably of aluminum) for the reduction of the thermal losses.
The packages of the Silicagel Mantels (2α), (2β) with the relevant Tubes (1α), (1 β) are withhold inside the Cages (1ε) by the perforated Holding Diaphragms (1 μ), made for instance of aluminum or stainless steel perforated. Thin sheets. Also the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) consists of thermally insulating material in order to insulate thermally the Spaces which they separate.
Also it consists of the Condensation Space (E), which is located around and outside of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) and the Evaporator Space (Δ) [that is above the Condensate Collector (15α), at the external side of the Internal Heat- Exchanger (1)] and includes also the toroidal Condensate Collector (15α), the Condensate Cooler (15δ) and the Level Monitor (15στ), which regulates the flow of the Cold Condensate (2κ') from the Space (E) to the (Δ) through the Tube (14γ), the Triode Valve (14β) and the Pump (14α) without spoiling the vacuum of the Space (Δ). It consists also of the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A), (Δ) and (E) which are created by the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) and they have the following characteristics and operational data:
The Space (A) (Adsorption Space) extends as long as the Circle Section (A) is extended and occupies the space between the Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) of the Internal Heat Exchanger.^ ), where from the internal side it is confined by the Section (A) of the Rotating Diaphragm (3α) [which permits it, through the Adsorption Holes (3cQ, to communicate with the Evaporation Space (Δ) of the Evaporator (7)], while from the external side it is closed by the Section (A) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β), which isolates it from the Condensation Space (E). Also through the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1 δ) it is isolated from the other Spaces (B), (A-B) and (B-A). The Space (B) [Desorption (or Regeneration) Space] is extended as long as the 5 Circle Section (B) is extended and occupies the space between the Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), where from the internal side it is confined by the Section (B) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α), which isolates it from the internal Evaporation Space (D) of the Evaporator (7), while from the external side it is confined by the Section (B) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β), [which permits it
10 through the Desorption (Regeneration) Holes (3β'), which are located at the external diametrically opposite side of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), related to the Holes (3α'), to communicate with the Condensation Space (E) and the Condensate Collector (15α)] and is isolated through the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ) from the Spaces (A), (A-B) and (B-A).
15 The Space (A-B) is the transition space from the condition of the Space (A) (saturated Silicagel) to the Condition of the Space (B) (regenerated Silicagel) and is defined as the space with Silicagel between the two Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β), which begins from where are terminated the Adsorption Holes (3α') of (3α) and ends where begin the Regeneration Holes (3β') of the (3β).
20 Correspondingly the Space (B-A) is the transition space from the condition of the Space (B) (regenerated Silicagel) to the condition of the Space (A) (adsorbing Silicagel) and is defined as the space with Silicagel between the two Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β), which begins from where the Regenerating Holes (3β') of (3β) are terminated and ends there, where begin the Adsorption Holes (3α') of (3α).
25. . The Evaporation Space (Δ) [the evaporation space of the Working Medium (2κ, ')], consists of the cylindrical internal part of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) and at its lower part it has the form of a basin, which includes the Evaporator (7) and the Spraying System (14). The Evaporation Space (Δ) is closed from all sides and isolated from the Condensation Space (E) as well as from all other Spaces [(B), (A-
30 B), (B-A)] by the (3α), (3β) while it communicates via the Holes (3α') of the Diaphragms (3α) with the Adsorption Space (A), where the cold Water Vapors (2ψ), which originate from the Evaporator (7) are adsorbed by the unsaturated Silicagel (2α) and (2β) of the Silicagel Mantels (2) in the Space (A). The Condensation Space (E) [condensation space of the Hot Vapors (2Θ) of the
35 Working Medium (2κ,κ') which includes also the Condensate Collector (15α)], it is situated between the cylindrical external Rotating Diaphragms (3β) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Internal Wall (4β) of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4α,β) and the bottom of the Condensate Collector (15α) of the Vacuum Vessel (4) and has a toroidal cylindrical form around the Internal Heat Exchanger (1). The Condensing Space (E) is isolated by the (3α), (3β) from the other Spaces [(A), (A-B), (B-A), (Δ)], while it communicates via the Holes (3β') with the Regeneration Space (B), through which come out the hot Water Vapors (2Θ), which originate from the regenerating (desorbing) Silicagel (2α) and (2β) of the Silicagel Mantel (2) in the Space (B), condensate on the Cooling Fins (4δ) and they are transformed into the hot Condensate (2κ), which flows and is collected in the Condensate Collector (15α). The Evaporation Chiller (7) consists of the bundle of spiroidal Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7α) [a part of which is immersed in the Collection Basin (7ε) of the Chilled Condensate (2ψ)], which consists of many parallel spiral coils of copper or aluminum equipped for instance also with cooling fins and fixed over the round Collection Basin (7ε) of the Chilled Condensate (2ψ), the Inlet-Outlet Tubes (7β) and the Circulation Pump (7δ), which circulates the Chilling Water (7ψ) through the Fan-Coils (7γ) of the Cooling Load and it returns it to the Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7α).
The Collection Basin (7ε) of the Chilled Condensate (2ψ), has the form of a round basin for instance made of copper or aluminum, situated under the Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7α) and collects the Chilled Condensate (2ψ), which could not be evaporated on the (7α) and which boils in vacuum in the (7ε) or is taken for recirculation by the pressure Pump (14γ) [via the Triode Valve (14β) and the Level Monitor (7στ) for spraying as above and is surrounded externally by the External Insulation (6).
The Spraying System (14) consist of the Pump (14α), which through the Suction Tubes (14γ) of the Triode Valve (14β) can suck either the Cold Condensate (2κ') from the Condensate Collector (15α), or the Chilled Condensate (2ψ) from the Collection Basin (7ε) at the bottom of the Evaporation Chiller (7) [the change-over from the Chilled Condensate (2ψ) to the Cold Condensate (2κ') is effected with suitable Level Monitors (15στ) and (7στ) of the levels of the (2κ') and of the (2ψ) relatively] and after elevating its pressure it sends it to the Spaying Nozzles (146-0 via the overlaying Spraying Tubes (14δ2), from where the Condensate [(2κ') or (2ψ)] is sprayed on to the Evaporation Tubes (7α), where it is evaporated violently and in combination with the boiling under vacuum of the (2ψ) it subtracts heat and chills the Chilling Water (7ψ), which serves as above the Cooling Load (7γ). It contains in addition the Evacuation Tubes (14ζ) and (14n) of the Condensates (2κ') and (2ψ) respectively.
It consists also of the Internal Rotation Mechanism (5), which consists for instance of a Step Motor (5α) with a relative Reduction Gear (5β), which motivates the two Coupling Gears (5γ0 (external) and (5γ2) (internal), via which is transmitted the rotation to the Geared Crowns (5δ0 (external) and (5δ2) (internal) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β) and (3α) (external and internal respectively), which are thus rotated in synchronization fixed on the Bearing (5ε),(5ζ) and (5n), (5Θ) (up and down, internal and external respectively). It consists also of the External Insulation (6), which consists for instance of the Polyurethane Layer (6α) with a width of 3-5cm on the external Metallic Wall (4α) of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4α,β) and is protected by the External Cladding (6β) for instance of thin galvanized steel sheet with a suitable external painting. It consists also of the Feeding Valve (9) [and the mirror-similar to this one Feeding Valve (9')], which consists of the following elements:
The external Mantel (9α) of for instance cylindrical form made of steel or copper or aluminum etc. that connects the Feeding Valve (9) with the main body of the Adsorption Chiller via the Connection Flange (9ω). The Feeder Fins (9β) at an X Shape which are made of a thermally insulating material for example of bakelite or a polyurethane sandwich etc. and they are fixed on the rotating Feeder Cylinder (9γ), which bears internally the Feeder Diaphragms (9δ) in form of an X, which is the projection to the internal of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ) of the Feeder Fins (9β), which create thus the Spaces (9ε-0 and (9ε2) [corresponding to the Spaces (B and (A0 respectively] and the Spaces (9ζ0 and (9ζ2) [corresponding to the Spaces (A B0 and (B A0 respectively]. The-Spaces (Bi) and (9ε0 communicate via the Opening (9n0, the Spaces (Ai) and (9ε2) via the Opening (9n2) and the Spaces (ArB0 and (9ζ0 via the Opening (9Θ-,) and the Spaces (B A0 and (9ζ2) via the Opening (9Θ2). The feeder Fins (9β) separate the internal space of the Feeder Valve to 4 spaces and namely the Space (A for the Cooling Water (1 κ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (B for the Hot Water (1λ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (A B0 as a transition space from the Space (A0 to the Space (B0 and the Space (BrA0 as a transition space from the Space (B0 to the Space (A0, which correspond fully to the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) to which is divided the internal space of the Adsorption Chiller by the Rotating Diaphragms (3). Also along the internal periphery of the External Mantel (9α), is situated perimetricaly the end of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) in the form of the non-conducting thermally Wall (1τr), which contains the Parallel Tubes (1α), (1 β) so that the Spaces (A0, (B0, (Aι-B0 and (B A0, which are created by the Feeder Fins (9β) to conduct the flow of the relative water (hot, cold, of temperature equilibrium) to the relative Spaces (A), (B), (A-B), (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) of the Adsorption Chiller and from there to come out from the lower part of the Adsorption Chiller into the Feeder Valve (9') [mirror-similar to the upper Feeder Valve (9)] and from there via the external Tubing, Tanks and the relative Hot Water Pump (11α), Cooling Water Pump (12α) and Temperature Equilibrium Water Pump (13α) and (13α'), close the relative circuits of the relevant water flows (hot, cooling, temperature equilibrium) and is effected the operation of the Adsorption Chiller as described in the Following.
Also the Feeder Cylinder (9γ) via the Motion Mechanism (9o) is rotated together with the Feeder Fins (9β) and the Feeder Diaphragms (9δ) inside the External Mantel (9α) of the Feeder Valve (9), as well as inside the Feeder Rings (9κ), (9λ) and Recirculation (9μ) and (9v) supported down on the Bearing (9p) and up on the Reduction Gear (9o2). The Space (9ε0 and the Feeder Ring (9κ) communicate via the Opening (9κ0, the Space (9ε2) and the Feeder Ring (9λ) via the Opening (9λ0, the Space (9ζ0 and the Recirculation Ring (9μ) via the Opening (9μ0 and the Space (9ζ2) and the Recirculation Ring (9v) via the Opening (9v0- The same spaces and the relative communication openings exist also in the lower Feeding Valve (9') and are characterized by the same characteristic numbers and letters, which for differentiation bear a tone [i.e. the Space (9ε0 becomes (9ε-ι') the Recirculation Ring (9κ) becomes (9κ') and the Opening (9«0 becomes (9K-, ') etc.] In this way the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Hot Water (1λ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Space (B) (for instance equal to 150°), via the Circuit which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (B0 of the upper Feeder Valve (9), the Opening (9n0, the Space (9ε0, the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9κ0, the Feeder Ring (9κ), the Outlet Tube (9κ2), the Pump (11α), the Source of Production of Hot Water' (1 1 β) for the regeneration of the Silicagel [for example the Solar Collector (11 β) or the cooling water system of the cylinder of an internal combustion motor etc], the Hot Water Tubes (11γ) and the relative circuit within the lower Feeder Valve (9') [(9κ2'), (9κ'), (9K ), (9ει'), (θn/), (B/)] and return to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1). Correspondingly the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Cooling Water (1 κ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Space (A) (for example equal to 150°) via the circuit which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Spaces (A) of the Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (A0, the Opening (9n2), the Space (9ε2), the Opening (9λ0, the Feeder Ring (9λ), the Outlet Tube (9λ2), the cooling Water Tubes (12γ), the Feeder Source with Cooling Water (12β) (which can be for example a cooling tower or a heat exchanger for cooling of the water with a stream of air for use in vehicles or a container of cold water down and warm water up for use by warm-water-users i.e. douching, swimming pools etc.), the Pump (12α) the Tubes (12γ) and the relative circuit-inside the lower Feeder Valve (9') [(9λ2'), (9λ'), (9Λ ), (9ε2'), (9n2'), (A,')] and return to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A) of the Heat Exchanger (1). Correspondingly the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Recirculation Water (1v) from the Hot to the Cold section of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Spaces (A-B) (for example equal to 30°) via the circuit, which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) of the Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (A B0 of the Upper Feeder Valve (9), the Opening (9Θ0, the Space (9ζ0 of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9μ0, the Recirculation Ring (9μ), the Outlet Tube (9μ2), the Pump (13α), the Recirculation Tubes (13β), the Inlet Tube (9v2), the Recirculation Ring (9v), the Opening (9v0, the Space (9ζ2) of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9Θ2), the Space (B A0, the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) and the relative circuit inside the Lower Feeder Valve (9') [Space (EV- A/), Opening (9Θ2'), Space (9ζ2'), Opening (9V/), Ring (9v'), Outlet Tube (9v2'), Pump (13α'), Tubes (13β'), Inlet Tube (9μ2'), Ring (9μ'), Opening (θμ ), Space (9ζ/) of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ'), Opening (9Θ/), Space (A -B/) of the Lower Feeding Valve (9')] and return to the Elements of the Arch (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) [Note: The Pump (13α') could be omitted since there exist the (13α). It has been inserted only for symmetry reasons of the Lower Feeding Valve (9') with the Upper Feeding Valve (9)].
Also the recirculation of the water from the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) results to the preheating of the cold Elements of the Section (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) with heat which is transferred from the hot Elements of the Section (B- A) of the Heat Exchanger (1 ), which need to be pre-cooled before they enter the Cooling Section (A), with relative energy saving and amelioration of the efficiency of the Adsorption Chiller. The main element which contributes to the success of a high efficiency in the Adsorption Chiller is the very low heat absorption capacity of the Spaces (A) and (B), which is due to the non-conducting thermally material of the Skeleton (1 ω) in combination with the very small heat-absorption-capacity of the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) (i.e thin tubes of aluminum) as well as of the insulating Diaphragms (3α), (3β) and the Silicagel Mantel (2α), (2β). That means small thermal losses during the cyclic interchange of the Spaces (A) and (B). Alternatively the recirculation of water from the Tubes (1α), (1 β) of the Section (A-B) to the Tubes (1α), (1 β) of the Section (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) is effected with a better efficiency and relative energy saving by separating of the space of the sections (A B0 and (B A0 into more parts (instead of one to one) for instance four to four, where the hotter part of (B-A) [this one which just exits from the Space (B)] will heat the more heated part of (A-B) [this one which is ready to enter the (B)] and so we have a relative energy saving and improvement of the efficiency, consequently the Elements (9ζ0, (9Θ0, (9ζ2) and (9Θ2) are also divided in, for instance, four parts and namely (9ζ0ι,2,3,4, (9ΘOι,2,3,4, (9ζ2)ι,2,3>4, (9Θ2)1 |2,3,4 and the Spaces (AT-B and (BT -A into the
Figure imgf000015_0001
and (B A0ι,2,3,4 correspondingly as it is shown in the Drawings 1 'ε-ι and 1 'ε2] The circulation of the relative circuits of the recirculated water will be done by relative consecutive parallel Recirculation Rings (9μ)ι,2,3,4 (9v)ιι2,3,4 και (9μ')ι,2,3,4 και (9v')1 ι2ι3ι4 while the Pumps (13α) can have a common motor and for instance 4 consecutive parallel circulation pumps on the same axis.
In addition the possibility of dividing the Spaces (A B0 and (B-,-A0 of the Valve (9) [and the relative ones of the (9')] in several parts 1 ,2,3,4 (with corresponding division also of the (9ζ0, (9Θ0, (9λ), (9μ) and (13α) [and the relative ones o the (9')] permits the recuperation of the heat of the Space (A B0ι,2,3,4 by the Space
Figure imgf000015_0002
in a much higher temperature [theoretically for a very big number of divisions we will have almost the same inlet temperature from the Space (ArB0 to the Space (B0 with temperature of outlet from the Space (B0 to the Space (B A0] from that one, which is succeeded in the version without these divisions [where in the Space (B A0 a temperature a little lower than the average of the inlet-outlet temperatures in the Space (A-i-BO is succeeded]. This almost eliminates the losses from the interchange of the Spaces (A), (B) and increases significantly the over all efficiency. Also during the operation of the Adsorption Chiller when the Space (A) is regenerated and unsaturated, then the cold Condensate (2κ'), which is sprayed by the Pressure Pump (14α) on the Evaporation Tubes (7α) of the Evaporation Chiller (7), it is evaporated violently under the conditions of a 10 mBar vacuum, which prevails in the room of the Evaporator (Δ) and the Space (A), thus taking the required evaporation heat from the Chilled Water (7ψ), which circulates in the Tubes (7α) of the Evaporation Chiller (7) and lowers its temperature for example below 5°C (even till 0°C but with a deterioration of the COP). The evaporated Water Vapors (2ψ) are adsorbed exothermally by the unsaturated Silicagel of the Silicagel Mantel (2), which corresponds to the arch-section of the Space (A). The Silicagel slowly is saturated and reaches a point where it cannot adsorb any more Water Vapors (2ψ) but as the Space (A) is rotated (due to the rotation of the Rotating Diaphragms (3), whose rotating Separating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) transfer the Adsorption Space (A) to adjacent sections of the Silicagel Mantel (2), where the relative Silicagel is regenerated and unsaturated, thus the adsorption procedure is continued without interruption. The Space (A) of the saturated Silicagel, by the rotation of the of the Diaphragm (3β) and the cyclic displacement of the feeding with Hot Water (1λ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger via the Valves (9) and (9'), is transformed into Space (B) where it takes place heating and regeneration of the saturated Silicagel by the Hot Water (1λ), which circulates now inside the Section (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1) as described above.
Also the hot water Vapor (2Θ) which are rejected in the Space (B) from the regenerated Silicagel, they come out and circulate in the space of the Condenser (E), where they are cooled and condensed into the hot Condensate (2κ) on the Cooling Fins (4δ) of the external Condensing Heat Exchanger (4α,β), which is circulated and cooled by the cooling Water (10ε)=(4θ) via the circuit which is composed by the Elements: Mantel (4ε) of the Heat Exchanger (4α,β), Outlet Tubes of Cooling Water (10ε) and (10δ), Cooling Water Tank (10β), Return Tubes of Cooling Water (10γ), Cooling Water Pump (10α), Return Tube of Cooling Water (4Θ), return to the Mantel (4ε) of the Condensing Heat Exchanger (4α,β). Alternatively also by that warmed Cooling Water (10ε) coming out of the Mantel (4ε) instead of being conducted to the Cooling Water Tank (10β), it can be circulated to a cooling tower or to users needing warm water of 30-32°C (for instance for douching or swimming pools etc) thus increasing vertically the efficiency of the Adsorption Chiller. Also by the fact that a full cyclic interchange of the Space (A) from an Adsorption Space (A)' into a Regeneration Space (B) and vice versa lasts about 7-10 minutes and through the changing of the revolutions per minute of the motors of the Rotation Mechanisms (5), (9o) and (9o') we can adapt the velocity (and the cooling power of the Adsorption Chiller to the available power of the Hot Water (1λ) which comes from the Solar Collectors (11γ) or to the Cooling needs of the Cooling Loads (7γ) [monitoring for example the temperature of the inlet of Hot Water (11δ) = (1λ) or this one of the return of the Chilled Water (7ψ) respectively].
The consumption of electrical power for the motion of the motors of the Rotation Mechanism (5), (9o) and (9o') as well as of the circulation Pumps (10α), (11α), (12α), (13α), (13α') and of the Pressure Pump (14α) is expected to be lower than the 6% of the Cooling Power, which is the relation for the existing Adsorption Chillers with Silicagel in the Market today, due to the much better efficiency of the proposed new Adsorption Chiller.

Claims

1. An Adsorption Chiller, which is characterized by that it is an Adsorption Heat Pump, which uses an Adsorbing Medium (2a, β) suitable for regeneration with hot water of low temperature of the order of 50-90°C, for example Silicagel, while as working Medium (2κ,κ') it uses water.
It is also characterized by that the procedure of adsorption of the water vapours by the Silicagel and afterwards the regeneration of Silicagel with hot water of low temperature take place in a vacuum of about l OmBar for the adsorption and about 70mBar for the regeneration of the Silicagel in separate rooms, but contrary to the existing till today devices, where the two separate rooms or chambers are working discontinuously and interchange periodically their roles, here the procedures of adsorption/desorption (regeneration) take place in a continuous, cyclically interchangeable procedure, which is effected on the one hand with the continuous successive cyclic feeding with Hot Water (1λ) and Cooling Water (1κ) of the Silicagel Mantel (2α) and (2β) of the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) respectively through the rotation of the Feeding Valves (9) and (9') and on the other hand with the simultaneous synchronized rotation of the Rotated Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) with this one of the Valves (9) and (9'), which have as a result the continuous cyclic rotation and interchange pf the Adsorption Space (A) with the Regeneration Space (B) correspondingly and so on, through the Rotation Mechanisms (5), (9o) and (9'o). Each full cycle of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) lasts about 7-10 minutes and within this time the Silicagel of the Silicagel Mantel (2) has done a complete cycle of adsorption/regeneration (desorption) as described in the following, minimizing the losses and presenting a COP of the order of 0,60 till 0,90 compared to a COP of 0,45 till 0,75 of the existing ones till today.
More analytically the Adsorption Chiller is characterized by that it is constituted by the Vacuum Vessel (4), which is a symmetrical by rotation around an axis metallic Vessel (4a, β) (for example cylindrical), inside which is created a Vacuum of lOmBar approx. by the Vacuum Pump (4ζ), (which in small powers can be omitted, as it is the case for example in the compressors of the household refrigerators). It is also characterized by that it includes a Water Vapor Condenser (4α,β), which is created as an air/water-vapor condenser heat exchanger for example incorporated into the Vacuum Vessel (4), where this [the Vessel (4)], is formulated into an air/water-vapor condensing heat-exchanger with External Wall (4α) with suitable External Insulation (6α) and Internal Wall (4β) with internal fins for the condensation of the water-vapor, where the External Wall (4α) of the Vessel (4) [formulated as Condensing Heat Exchanger (4α,β)] is constructed from, for example, iron-sheet or from Copper or Aluminum-sheet of a suitable thickness, in order to withstand the creation of a 10mBar vacuum, while in its internal side the Vacuum Vessel (4) includes the Internal Wall (4β), which using the vertical Perforated Diaphragms (4γ), creates the external Condensing Heat-Exchanger (4α,β), which is circulated by the Cooling-Water (4Θ), in order to cool and condense the Water-Vapors (2Θ), which are rejected during the regeneration (desorption) of the Adsorbing Medium for instance the Silicagel of the Mantel (2α,β).
Also by that for a better cooling/condensation of the Water-Vapor (2Θ), the internal surface of the Internal Wall (4β) can be equipped with Cooling Fins (4δ), where the condensated water-vapor constitute the Condensate (2κ), which flows on the Cooling
Fins (4δ) and is collected in the bottom of the Condensing Heat-Exchanger (4α,β), which is formulated into the toroidal Condensate Collector (15α), where at the inner of its bottom the Condensate Collector (15α) bears the Internal Wall.(15β) [eventually equipped with Heat Exchanging Fins (15γ) within the Condensate (2κ)] thus creating the Condensate Cooler (15δ), which is this way prepositioned, incorporated and constituting an integral part (the bottom) of the external Condensing Heat-Exchanger
(4α,β) and is operated with the Cooling Water (4Θ), which enters via the Inlet Tube
(4ζ) at the bottom of the Heat-Exchanger (4α,β), circulates first through the Condensate Cooler (15δ) and cools the Condensate (2κ) [so that from Hot
Condensate (2κ) it becomes the Cold Condensate (2κ')] and subsequently it circulates into the upper walls of the external Condensate Heat Exchanger (4α,β) in order to condensate the hot Water-Vapor (2Θ) [into the hot Condensate (2κ), which flows subsequently into the Condensate Collector (15α) and is transformed into the Cold Condensate (2κ') as given above] and subsequently the Cooling Water (4Θ) with a temperature 30-32°C comes out from the Outlet Tube (4ξ) at the upper part of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4α,β).
It is also characterized by that it consists of the Internal Heat-Exchangers (1 ) [for the heating or the cooling of the Silicagel Mantel (2α) or (2β), which consists of the non- conducting thermally Skeleton (1ω), which bears the Proofing Fins (1γ) (internal) and (1 δ) (external), which have a double role: first they create the parallel vertical Cages (1ε), inside which are hold the Packages of the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) with the corresponding Silicagel Mantels (2α) and (2β) (internal and external correspondingly) and second their external ends are formulated into parallel, vertical, cylindrical, hollow cartridges of Proofing Bearings (1 ι), inside which are situated the axis-like Proofing Cylinders (1 κ), which play in the one hand the role of the rolling bearing for the tangent on them Rotating Diaphragms (3α) (internal) and (3β) (external) and on the other hand they are proofing the spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) [which are created between the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β)], as well as the internal space of the Evaporator (Δ), where exists under-pressure 10-30 mBar, from the external space of the Condenser (E), where exists an under-pressure of 50-100 mBar approximately. Also by that the proofing is even more ameliorated by the existence of the Proofing Foils (1 u) (made of rubber or rubber with an internal steel foil or other foil-spring sheet), which "leak" and make proof the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β), where the Proofing Foils (1 u) are imbedded at the external lips of the Cartridges (10, right and left of each Proofing Cylinder (1 K) at their whole length. Also by that the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ) are stretching along only the length of the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) [where there exist the Silicagel Mantels (2α), (2β)]. Beyond the ends of these Spaces the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ) are terminated to the Proofing Rings (1σ) and (1τ) up and down respectively [for the perimetric proofing of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β)], where after the necessary length for proofing, the Proofing Rings (1σ) and (1 τ) disappear and remains only the smooth toroidal Cylindrical Mantel (1τr), which is constituted by the Parallel metallic Tubes (1α), (1 β) and the casted around them in form of a toroidal tube non-conducting thermally Wall (1x) (for instance made of bakelite or other material which is a bad thermal conductor and can withstand to alternating temperatures of 100°C), which comes through vacuum-proof from both opposite domes of the Vacuum Vessel (4), where the non-conducting thermally Wall (1x), unifies each-other into a toroidal cylindrical arrangement the parallel Tubes (1α) and (1 β) either in a single cyclic series or in two concentric cyclic series [one of them with the Tubes (1α) and the other with the Tubes (1 β)], thus constituting a projection of the Skeleton (1ω) and the Proofing Fins (1 σ) and (1τ), [where the elements (1x), (1 ω), (1σ) and (1τ) are made all for instance by casting and from the same thermally non-conducting material (for instance bakelite etc. as above), where the thermally non-conducting material secures that there will be no thermal losses by conduction from the hot part of the relative element to the cold one during the passing-over from a hot to a cold space and vice-versa].
Also by that the internal Heat Exchanger (1), which is situated coaxially inside the Vacuum Vessel (4), comes through it, that is the free ends of the Parallel Tubes (1α) and (1 β), come out from both sides, through the Cylindrical Mantels (1τr), vacuum- proof from the Vacuum Vessel (4), where the non-conducting thermally Skeleton (1ω) bears the coming-through Holes (1o) [only at the part of the Internal Heat- Exchanger (1), where there exist the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ)] and where the coming-through Holes (1o), which correspond to the Space (A), [which is defined by the corresponding circle-section of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α), which bears the Holes (3'α)], permit to the Cold Water Vapor (2ψ) to penetrate also to the external side of the non-conducting thermally Skeleton (1ω), which corresponds to the Space (A), towards the positions of the relative unsaturated Silicagel Mantels (2β) [of course passing through first from the (2α) correspondingly], originating from the Evaporation Space (Δ).
Also by that correspondingly the coming through Holes (1o), when-they correspond to the Space (B), [which is defined by the relative circle-section of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β), which bears the Holes (3β')], permit to the Hot Water Vapor (2Θ) to escape also from the internal side of the non-conducting thermally Skeleton (1 ω), which corresponds to the Space (B), from the positions of the corresponding regenerating (desorbing) Silicagel Mantels (2α) [escaping of course subsequently through also the corresponding regenerating Silicagel Mantels (2β) respectively], towards the Condensing Space (E). Also by that the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) includes the Silicagel Mantels (2α) and (2β), which consist of coaxial layers of tubelike, vertical packages of Silicagel (2α) and (2β) on the Tubes (1α) and (1β), packaged within the relative, permeable to water-vapor, Silicagel-Net-cases (1φ), made of suitable metallic (or even of other material for instance plastic etc.) Net (2p), which permits the free circulation of the hot or cold Water Vapors (2Θ) or (2ψ) to the included Silicagel even coming-through by circulation via also the Holes (1o) towards the corresponding Silicagel Package (2α) or (2β), which is situated behind the before-staying Silicagel Package [(2β) or (2α) correspondingly], permitting therefore the practically free circulation of the Water Vapors (2Θ) and (2ψ) of the Working Medium (2κ) (for instance water) for the procedure of adsorption/desorption (regeneration) of the packages of the Silicagel Mantel only there, where the Holes (3α') and (3β') of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) define the internal space of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) of the Adsorption Chiller to an Adsorption Space (A) or to a Desorption (Regeneration) Space (B), where therefore each Silicagel Mantel (2α) or (2β) has a longitudinal, tube-like-form with a length equal to this-one of the Silicagel Cage (1ε) and internal cross-section equal to the external cross-section of the relevant Tube (2α) or (2β).
Also by that the Tubes (1α) and (2β) are made of metal with high thermal conductivity (for instance copper or aluminum etc) but also with a lower specific heat capacity (preferably of aluminum) for the reduction of the thermal losses. The packages of the Silicagel Mantels (2α), (2β) with the relevant Tubes (1α), (1 β) are withhold inside the Cages (1 ε) by the perforated Holding Diaphragms (1 μ), made for instance of aluminum or stainless steel perforated thin sheets. Also by that the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) consists of thermally insulating material in order to insulate thermally the Spaces which they separate. Also by that it consists of the Condensation Space (E), which is located around and outside of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) and the Evaporator Space (Δ) [that is above the Condensate Collector (15α), at the external side of the Internal Heat- Exchanger (1)] and includes also the toroidal Condensate Collector (15α), the Condensate Cooler (15δ) and the Level Monitor (15στ), which regulates the flow of the Cold Condensate (2κ') from the Space (E) to the (Δ) through the Tube (14γ), the Triode Valve (14β) and the Pump (14α) without spoiling the vacuum of the Space (Δ). It consists also of the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A), (Δ) and (E) which are created by the Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) and they have the following characteristics and operational data:
Also by that the Space (A) (Adsorption Space) extends as long as the Circle Section (A) is extended and occupies the space between the Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), where from the internal side it is confined by the Section (A) of the Rotating Diaphragm (3α) [which permits it, through the Adsorption Holes (3α'), to communicate with the Evaporation Space (Δ) of the Evaporator (7)], while from the external side it is closed by the Section (A) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β), which isolates it from the Condensation Space (E). Also through the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1 δ) it is isolated from the other Spaces (B), (A-B) and (B- A).
Also by that the Space (B) [Desorption (or Regeneration) Space] is extended as long as the Circle Section (B) is extended and occupies the space between the Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), where from the internal side it is confined by the Section (B) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3α), which isolates it from the internal Evaporation Space (D) of the Evaporator (7), while from the external side it is confined by the Section (B) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β), [which permits it through the Desorption (Regeneration) Holes (3β'), which are located at the external diametrically opposite side of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), related to the Holes (3α'), to communicate with the Condensation Space (E) and the Condensate Collector (15α)] and is isolated through the Proofing Fins (1γ) and (1δ) from the Spaces (A), (A-B) and (B-A).
Also by that the Space (A-B) is the transition space from the condition of the Space (A) (saturated Silicagel) to the Condition of the Space (B) (regenerated Silicagel) and is defined as the space with Silicagel between the two Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β), which begins from where are terminated the Adsorption Holes (3cQ of (3α) and ends where begin the Regeneration Holes (3β') of the (3β). Also by that correspondingly the Space (B-A) is the transition space from the condition of the Space (B) (regenerated Silicagel) to the condition of the Space (A) (adsorbing Silicagel) and is defined as the space with Silicagel between the two Rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β), which begins from where the Regenerating Holes (3β') of (3β) are terminated and ends there, where begin the Adsorption Holes (3cQ of (3α).
Also by that the Evaporation Space (Δ) [the evaporation space of the Working Medium (2κ,κ')], consists of the cylindrical internal part of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) and at its lower part it has the form of a basin, which includes the Evaporator (7) and the Spraying System (14). The Evaporation Space (Δ) is closed from all sides and isolated from the Condensation Space (E) as well as from all other Spaces [(B), (A-B), (B-A)] by the (3α), (3β) while it communicates via the Holes (3cQ of the Diaphragms (3α) with the Adsorption Space (A), where the cold Water Vapors (2ψ), which originate from the Evaporator (7) are adsorbed by . the unsaturated Silicagel (2α) and (2β) of the Silicagel Mantels (2) in the Space (A).
Also by that the Condensation Space (E) [condensation space of the Hot Vapors (2Θ) of the Working Medium (2κ,κ') which includes also the Condensate Collector (15α)], it is situated between the cylindrical external Rotating Diaphragms (3β) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Internal Wall (4β) of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4α,β) and the bottom of the Condensate Collector (15α) of the Vacuum Vessel (4) and has a toroidal cylindrical form around the Internal Heat Exchanger (1). The Condensing Space (E) is isolated by the (3α), (3β) from the other Spaces [(A), (A-B), (B-A), (Δ)], while it communicates via the Holes (3β') with the Regeneration Space (B), through which come out the hot water Vapor (2Θ), which originate from the regenerating (desorbing) Silicagel (2α) and (2β) of the Silicagel Mantel (2) in the Space (B), they condensate on the Cooling Fins (4δ) and they are transformed into the hot Condensate (2κ), which flows and is collected in the Condensate Collector (15α). It is also characterized by that the Evaporation Chiller (7) consists of the bundle of spiroidal Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7α) [a part of which is immersed in the Collection Basin (7ε) of the Chilled Condensate (2ψ)], which consists of many parallel spiral coils of copper or aluminum equipped for instance also with cooling fins and fixed over the round Collection Basin (7ε) of the Chilled Condensate (2ψ), the Inlet- Outlet Tubes (7β) and the Circulation Pump (7δ), which circulates the Chilling Water (2ψ) through the Fan-Coils (7γ) of the Cooling Load and it returns it to the Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7α). The Collection Basin (7ε) of the Chilled Condensate (2ψ), has the form of a round basin for instance made of copper or aluminum, situated under the Evaporation Chilling Tubes (7α) and collects the Chilled Condensate (7ψ), which could not be evaporated on the (7α) and which boils in vacuum in the (7ε) or is taken for recirculation by the pressure Pump (14γ) [via the Triode Valve (14β) and the Level Monitor (7στ) for spraying as above and is surrounded externally by the External Insulation (6)].
Also by that the Spraying System (14) consist of the Pump (14α), which through the Suction Tubes (14γ) of the Triode Valve (14β) can suck either the Cold Condensate (2κ') from the Condensate Collector (15α), or the Chilled Condensate (2ψ) from the Collection Basin (7ε) at the bottom of the Evaporation Chiller (7) [the change-over from the Chilled Condensate (2ψ) to the Cold Condensate (2κ') is effected with suitable Level Monitors (15στ) and (7στ) of the levels of the (2κ') and of the (2ψ) relatively] and after elevating its pressure it sends it to the Spaying Nozzles (14δ0 via the overlaying Spraying Tubes (14δ2), from where the Condensate [(2κ') or (2ψ)] is sprayed on to the Evaporation Tubes (7α), where it is evaporated violently and in combination with the boiling under vacuum of the (2ψ) it subtracts heat and chills the Chilling Water (7ψ), which serves as above the Cooling Load (7γ), where It contains in addition the Evacuation Tubes (14ζ) and (14n) of the Condensates (2κ') and (2ψ) respectively. Also by that it consists of the Internal Rotation Mechanism (5), which consists for instance of a^Step Motor (5α) with a relative Reduction Gear (5β), which motivates the two Coupling Gears (5γ0 (external) and (5γ2) (internal), via which is transmitted the rotation to the Geared Crowns (5δ0 (external) and (5δ2) (internal) of the Rotating Diaphragms (3β) and (3α) (external and internal respectively), which are thus rotated in synchronization fixed on the Bearing (5ε), (5ζ) and (5n), (5Θ) (up and down, internal and external respectively).
Also by that it consists of the External Insulation (6), which consists for instance of the Polyurethane Layer (6α) with a thickness of 3-5cm on the external Metallic Wall (4α) of the external Condensation Heat Exchanger (4α,β) and is protected by the External Cladding (6β) for instance of thin galvanized steel sheet with a suitable external painting.
It is also characterized by that it consists of the Feeding Valve (9) [and the mirror- similar to this one Feeding Valve (9')], which consists of the external Mantel (9α) of cylindrical form made of steel or copper or aluminum etc. that connects the Feeding Valve (9) with the main body of the Adsorption Chiller via the Connection Flange ■ (9ω).
Also by that it consists of the Feeder Fins (9β) at an X Shape which are made of a thermally insulating material for example of bakelite or a polyurethane sandwich etc. and they are fixed on the rotating Feeder Cylinder (9γ), which bears internally the Feeder Diaphragms (9δ) in form of an X, which is the projection to the internal of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ) of the Feeder Fins (9β), which create thus the Spaces (9ε0 and (9ε2) [corresponding to the Spaces (BO and (A0 respectively] and the Spaces (9ζ0 and (9ζ2) [corresponding to the Spaces (A B0 and (B A0 respectively]. The Spaces (BO and (9ε0 communicate via the Opening (9n0, the Spaces (A0 and (9ε2) via the Opening (9n2) and the Spaces (A B0 and (9ζ0 via the Opening (9Θ0 and the Spaces (B A0 and (9ζ2) via the Opening (9Θ2). The feeder Fins (9β) separate the internal space of the Feeder Valve to 4 spaces and namely the Space (A0 for the Cooling Water (1κ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (BO for the Hot Water (1λ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (A1-BO as a transition space from the Space (A0 to the Space (BO and the Space (BrA0 as a transition space from the Space (BO to the Space (A0, which correspond fully to the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) to which is divided the internal space of the Adsorption Chiller by the Rotating Diaphragms (3). Also along the internal periphery of the External Mantel (9α), is situated perimetricaly the end of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) in the form of the non-conducting thermally Wall (1τr), which contains the Parallel Tubes (1α), (1 β) so that the Spaces (A0, (BO, (A B0 and (B A0, which are created by the Feeder Fins (9β) to conduct the flow of the relative water (hot, cold, of temperature equilibrium) to the relative Spaces (A), (B), (A-B), (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) of the Adsorption Chiller and from there to come out from the lower part of the Adsorption Chiller into the Feeder Valve (9') [mirror-similar to the upper Feeder Valve (9)] and from there via the external Tubing, Tanks and the relative Hot Water Pump (11α), Cooling Water Pump (12α) and Temperature Equilibrium Water Pump (13α) and (13α'), close the relative circuits of the relevant water flows (hot, cooling, temperature equilibrium) and is effected the operation of the Adsorption Chiller as described in the Following.
Also by that the Feeder Cylinder (9γ) via the Motion Mechanism (9o) is rotated together with the Feeder Fins (9β) and the Feeder Diaphragms (9δ) inside the External Mantel (9α) of the Feeder Valve (9), as well as inside the Feeder Rings (9κ), (9λ) and Recirculation (9μ) and (9v) supported down on the Bearing (9p) and up on the Reduction Gear (9o2), where the Space (9ε0 and the Feeder Ring (9κ) communicate via the Opening (9κ0, the Space (9ε2) and the Feeder Ring (9λ) via the Opening (9λ0, the Space (9ζ0 and the Recirculation Ring (9μ) via the Opening (9μ0 and the Space (9ζ2) and the Recirculation Ring (9v) via the Opening (9v0, where the same spaces and the relative communication openings exist also in the lower Feeding Valve (9') and are characterized by the same characteristic numbers and
99 letters, which for differentiation bear a tone [i.e. the Space (9ε0 becomes (9ε/) the Recirculation Ring (9κ) becomes (9κ') and the Opening (9κ0 becomes (9K/) etc]. Also by that in this way the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Hot Water (1λ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Space (B) (for instance equal to 150°), via the Circuit which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (BO of the upper Feeder Valve (9), the Opening (9n0, the Space (9ε0, the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9κ0, the Feeder Ring (9κ), the Outlet Tube (9κ2), the Pump (11α), the Source of Production of Hot Water (11 β) for the regeneration of the Silicagel [for example the Solar Collector (11 β) or the cooling water system of the cylinder of an internal combustion motor etc], the Hot Water Tubes (11γ) and the relative circuit within the lower Feeder Valve (9') [(9κ2'), (9κ'), (9K/), (9ε/), (9n/), (B/)] and return to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1). Also by that correspondingly the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) with Cooling Water (1 κ) is effected in the circle-section which corresponds to the Space (A) (for example equal to 150°) via the circuit which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Spaces (A) of the Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (A0, the Opening (9n2), the Space (9ε2), the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9λ0, the Feeder Ring (9λ), the Outlet Tube (9λ2), the Cooling Water Tubes (12γ), the Feeder Source with Cooling Water (12β) (which can be for example a cooling tower or a heat exchanger for cooling of the water with a stream of air for use in vehicles or a container of cold water down and warm water up for use by warm-water-users i.e. douching, swimming pools etc.), the Pump (12α), the Tubes (12γ) and the relative circuit-inside the lower Feeder Valve (9') [(9λ2'), (9λ'), (9λ/), (9ε2'), (9n2'), (A/)] and return to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A) of the Heat Exchanger (1).
Also by that correspondingly the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Recirculation Water (1v) from the Hot to the Cold section of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Spaces (A- B) (for example equal to 30°) via the circuit, which is composed by the Tubes (1 α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) of the Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (A B0 of the Upper Feeder Valve (9), the opening (9Θ0, the Space (9ζ0 of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9μ0, the Recirculation Ring (9μ), the Outlet Tube (9μ2), the Pump (13α), the Recirculation Tubes (13β), the Inlet Tube (9v2), the Recirculation Ring (9v), the Opening (9v0, the Space (9ζ2) of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9Θ2), the Space (B^AO, the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) and the relative circuit inside the Lower Feeder Valve (9') [Space (B/- A/), Opening (9Θ2'), Space (9ζ2'), Opening (9V/), Ring (9v'), Outlet Tube (9v2'), Pump (13α')? Tubes (13β'), Inlet Tube (9μ2'), Ring (9μ'), Opening (9μ/), Space (9ζ/) of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ'), Opening (9Θ/), Space (A/-B/) of the Lower Feeding Valve (9')] and return to the Elements of the Arch (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1). Also by that The Pump (13cQ could be omitted since there exist the (13α). It has been inserted only for symmetry reasons of the Lower Feeding Valve (9') with the Upper Feeding Valve (9).
It is also characterized by that the recirculation of the water from the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) results to the preheating of the cold Elements of the Section (A- B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with heat which is transferred from the hot Elements of the Section (B-A) of the Heat Exchanger (1 ), which need to be pre- cooled before they enter the Cooling Section (A), with relative energy saving and amelioration of the efficiency of the Adsorption Chiller. It is also characterized by that the main element which contributes to the success of a high efficiency in the Adsorption Chiller is the very low heat-absorption-capacity of the Spaces (A) and (B), which is due to the non-conducting thermally material of the Skeleton (1 ω) in combination with the very small heat-absorption-capacity of the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) (i.e. thin tubes of aluminum) as well as of the insulating Diaphragms (3α), (3β) and the Silicagel Mantel (2α), (2β). That means small thermal losses during e cyclic interchange of the Spaces (A) and (B).
Also by that during the operation of the Adsorption Chiller, when the Space (A) is regenerated and unsaturated, then the cold Condensate (2κ'), which is sprayed by the Pressure Pump (14α) on the Evaporation Tubes (7α) of the Evaporation Chiller (7), it is evaporated violently under the conditions of a 10 mBar vacuum, which prevails in the room of the Evaporator (Δ) and the Space (A), thus taking the required evaporation heat from the Chilled Water (7ψ), which circulates in the Tubes (7α) of the Evaporation Chiller (7) and lowers its temperature for example below 5°C (even till 0°C but with a deterioration of the COP). The evaporated Water' Vapors (2ψ) are adsorbed exothermally by the unsaturated Silicagel of the Silicagel Mantel (2), which corresponds to the arch-section of the Space (A). The Silicagel slowly is saturated and reaches a point where it cannot adsorb any more Water Vapors (2ψ) but as the Space (A) is rotated (due to the rotation of the Rotating Diaphragms (3), whose rotating Separating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) transfer the Adsorption Space (A) to adjacent sections of the Silicagel Mantel (2), where the relative Silicagel is regenerated and unsaturated, thus the adsorption procedure is continued without interruption. The Space (A) of the saturated Silicagel, by the rotation of the of the Diaphragm (3β) and the cyclic displacement of the feeding with Hot Water (1 λ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger via the Valves (9) and (9'), is transformed into Space (B) where it takes place heating and regeneration of the saturated Silicagel by the Hot Water (1λ), which circulates now inside the Section (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1) as described above. Also by that the hot water Vapor (20) which are rejected in the Space (B) from the regenerated Silicagel, they come out and circulate in the space of the Condenser (E), where they are cooled and condensed into the hot Condensate (2κ) on the Cooling Fins (4δ) of the external Condensing Heat Exchanger (4α,β), which is circulated and cooled by the cooling Water (10ε)=(4θ) via the circuit which is composed by the Elements: Mantel (4ε) of the Heat Exchanger (4α,β), Outlet Tubes of Cooling Water (10ε) and (10δ), Cooling Water Tank (10β), Return Tubes of Cooling Water (10γ), Cooling Water Pump (10α), Return Tube of Cooling Water (4Θ), return to the Mantel (4ε) of the Condensing Heat Exchanger (4α,β). Also by that warmed Cooling Water (10ε) coming out of the Mantel (4ε) instead of being conducted to the Cooling Water Tank (10β), it can be circulated to a cooling tower or to users needing warm water of 30-32°C (for instance for douching or swimming pools etc) thus increasing vertically the efficiency of the Adsorption Chiller.
Also by the fact that a full cyclic interchange of the Space (A) from an Adsorption Space (A) into a Regeneration Space (B) and vice versa lasts about 7-10 minutes and through the changing of the revolutions per minute of the motors of the Rotation Mechanisms (5), (9o) and (9o') we can adapt the velocity (and the cooling power of the Adsorption Chiller to the available power of the Hot Water (1λ) which comes from the Solar Collectors (1 1γ) or to the Cooling needs of the Cooling Loads (7γ) [monitoring for example the temperature of the inlet of Hot Water (11δ) = (1λ) or this one of the return of the Chilled Water (7ψ) respectively].
The consumption of electrical power for the motion of the motors of the Rotation Mechanism (5), (9o) and (9o') as well as of the circulation Pumps (10α), (11α), (12α), (13α), (13α') and of the Pressure Pump (14α) is expected to be lower than the 6% of the Cooling Power, which is the relation for the existing Adsorption Chillers with Silicagel in the Market today, due to the much better efficiency of the proposed new Adsorption Chiller.
2. An Adsorption Chiller as above in the Claim 1 , which is characterized by that the recirculation of water from the Tubes (1α), (1 β) of the Section (A-B) to the Tubes (1α), (1 β) of the Section (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) is effected with a better efficiency and relative energy saving by separating of the space of the sections (A B0 and (B A0 into more parts (instead of one to one) for instance four to four, where the hotter part of (B-A) [this one which just exists from the Space (B)] will heat the more heated part of (A-B) [this one which is ready to enter the (B)] and so we have a relative energy saving and improvement of the efficiency, consequently the Elements (9ζ0, (9Θ0, (9ζ2) and (9Θ2) are also divided in, for instance, four parts and namely (9ζ0ι,2,3,4, (9Θ ι>2,3,4, (9ζ2)ι,2,3,4, (9θ2)1,2,3-4 and the Spaces (A^B and (B into the (ArB ι.2,3,4 and (Bτ-A ι.2,3,4 correspondingly, where also the circulation of the relative circuits of the recirculated water will be "done by relative consecutive parallel Recirculation Rings (9μ)1 ι2,3ι4 (9v)1 γ2τ3ι4 και (9μ')ι,2,3,4 και (9v')ι,2,3l4 while the Pumps (13α) may have a common motor and for instance 4 consecutive parallel circulation pumps on the same axis.
It is also characterized by that in addition the possibility of dividing the Spaces (A B0 and (B A0 of the Valve (9) [and the relative ones of the (9')] in several parts 1 ,2,3,4 (with corresponding division also of the (9ζ0, (9Θ0, (9λ), (9μ) and (13α) [and the relative ones of the (9')] permits the recuperation of the heat of the Space (A-rB0ι,2,3,4 by the Space (B A0ι,2,3,4 in a much higher temperature [theoretically for a very big number of divisions we will have almost the same inlet temperature from the Space (A-i-BO to the Space (BO with temperature of outlet from the Space (BO to the Space (B AO] from that one, which is succeeded in the version without these divisions [where in the Space (B A0 a temperature a little lower than the average of the inlet- outlet temperatures in the Space (A B0 is succeeded]. This almost eliminates the losses from the interchange of the Spaces (A), (B) and increases significantly the over all efficiency.
3. An Adsorption Chiller as above in the Claims 1 and 2, which is characterized by that the Vacuum Vessel (4), and the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), the Valves (9) and
(9') and the rest Elements symmetrical by rotation around the Axis of Symmetry of the Adsorption Chiller, instead of cylindrical they have whatsoever else form symmetrical by rotation around the Axis of Symmetry of the Adsorption Chiller for reasons of success of a better proofing at the rotating Diaphragms (3α) and (3β) and for other eventual technical reasons, for the rests as above in the Claims 1 and 2.
4. An Adsorption Chiller as above in the Claims 1 , 2 and 3, which is characterized by that it uses as Working Medium a mixture of water and an organic substance (for example tolouole), for the rests as above in the Claims 1 , 2 and 3.
5. An Adsorption Chiller as above in the Claims 1 , 2, 3 and 4, which is characterized by that it uses as Adsorbing Medium Zeolite and higher temperatures of hot water for the regeneration of the Zeolite i.e. 100° C, for the rests as above in the Claims 1 , 2, 3 and 4.
6. An Adsorption Chiller as above in the Claims 1 , 2, 3, 4 and 5, which is characterized by that the cooling of the water vapours which originate from the regeneration of the Adsorbing Medium (for example the Silicagel), is effected by condensation on the External Wall (4) [ which is formulated here with external cooling fins by air like the motor-cylinders of the motorcycles, without External Insulation and without Internal Wall (4β)], which is cooled externally by an ambient air-stream due to the movement of the Adsorption Chiller for example when it is used as an air conditioning system of a vehicle (as well as through a fan) as well as by that it operates using as source of production of Hot Water (11β) for the regeneration of the Adsorbing Medium, the cooling water of the cylinders of the internal combustion machine, also by that it uses as source of supply of Cooling Water (12β) a cooling heat exchanger of water with an air-stream, like the conventional car water- coolers, for the rests as above in the Claims 1 , 2, 3,4 and 5.
7. An Adsorption Chiller as above in the Claims 1 till 6, which is characterized by that the cooling of the water vapours which originate from the regeneration of the Adsorbing Medium (for example the Silicagel) is effected by condensation in the internal of the Condensation Heat Exchanger (4α,β), which is constructed as a separate air/water-vapor condenser heat exchanger with external and internal heat- exchanging fins, which communicates with the Vacuum Vessel (4) at the upper part via a water-vapor transfer channel to the (4a, b) [eventually equipped (the transfer channel) with a water-vapor suction fan from the Vacuum Vessel (4) and suppression of the vapor into the (4α,β) for the acceleration and amplification of their condensing procedure] and at the lower part via a tube for the return to the Vessel (4) of the vapor condensate, for the rests as above in the Claims 1 till 6.
8. A Feeding Valve (9) or (9') as above in the Claim 1 , which is characterized by that it consists of the External Mantel (9α) of cylindrical form made of steel or copper or aluminum etc. that connects the Feeding Valve (9) with the main body of the Adsorption Chiller via the Connection Flange (9ω). Also by that the Feeder Fins (9β) at an X Shape which are made of a thermally insulating material for example of bakelite or a polyurethane sandwich etc. and they are fixed on the rotating Feeder Cylinder (9γ), which bears internally the Feeder Diaphragms (9δ) in form of an X, which is the projection to the internal of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ) of the Feeder Fins (9β), which create thus the Spaces (9ε0 and (9ε2) [corresponding to the Spaces (BO and (AO respectively] and the Spaces (9ζ0 and (9ζ2) [corresponding to the Spaces (ArB0 and (B A0 respectively]. The Spaces (BO and (9ε0 communicate via the Opening (9n0, the Spaces (AO and (9ε2) via the Opening (9n2) and the Spaces (A^BO and (9ζ0 via the Opening (9Θ0 and the Spaces (B A0 and (9ζ2) via the Opening (9Θ2). The feeder Fins (9β) separate the internal space of the Feeder Valve to 4 spaces and namely the Space (AO for the Cooling Water (1 κ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (BO for the Hot Water (1λ) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (A^BO as a transition space from the Space (AO to the Space (BO and the Space (B-i-AO as a transition space from the Space (BO to the Space (AO, which correspond fully to the Spaces (A), (B), (A-B) and (B-A) to which is divided the internal space of the Adsorption Chiller by the Rotating Diaphragms (3). Also along the internal periphery of the External Mantel (9α), is situated perimetricaly the end of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) in the form of the non-conducting thermally Wall (1ττ), which contains the Parallel Tubes (1α), (1 β) so that the Spaces (A0, (B0, (A B0 and (B A0, which are created by the Feeder Fins (9β) to conduct the flow of the relative water (hot, cold, of temperature equilibrium) to the relative Spaces (A), (B), (A-B), (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) of the Adsorption Chiller and from there to come out from the lower part of the Adsorption Chiller into the Feeder Valve (9') [mirror-similar to the upper Feeder Valve (9)] and from there via the external Tubing, Tanks and the relative Hot Water Pump (11α), Cooling Water Pump (12α) and Temperature Equilibrium Water Pump (13α) and (13α'), close the relative circuits of the relevant water flows (hot, cooling, temperature equilibrium) and is effected'the operation of the Adsorption Chiller as described in the Following. Also by that the Feeder Cylinder (9γ) via the Motion Mechanism (9o) is rotated together with the Feeder Fins (9β) and the Feeder Diaphragms (9δ) inside the External Mantel (9α) of the Feeder Valve (9), as well as inside the Feeder Rings (9κ), (9λ) and Recirculation (9μ) and (9v) supported down on the Bearing (9p) and up on the Reduction Gear (9o2). The Space (9ε0 and the Feeder Ring (9κ) communicate via the Opening (9κ0, the Space (9ε2) and the Feeder Ring (9λ) via the Opening (9λ0, the Space (9ζ0 and the Recirculation Ring (9μ) via the Opening (9μ0 and the Space (9ζ2) and the Recirculation Ring (9v) via the Opening (9v0, where the same spaces and the relative communication openings exist also in the lower Feeding Valve (9') and are characterized by the same characteristic numbers and letters, which for differentiation bear a tone [i.e. the Space (9ε0 becomes (9ε/) the Recirculation Ring (9κ) becomes (9κ') and the Opening (9κ0 becomes (9κ/) etc.] In this way the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) with Hot Water (1λ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Space (B) (for instance equal to 150°), via the Circuit which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (BO of the upper Feeder Valve (9), the Opening (9n0, the Space (9ε0, the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9κ0, the Feeder Ring (9κ), the Outlet Tube (9κ2), the Pump (11α), the Source of Production of Hot Water (11 β) for the regeneration of the Silicagel [for example the Solar Collector (11 β) or the cooling water system of the cylinder of an internal combustion motor etc], the Hot Water Tubes (11γ) and the relative circuit within the lower Feeder Valve (9') [(9κ2 ?), (9κ'), (9κ/), (9ε/), (9n/), (B/)] and return to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (B) of the Heat Exchanger (1).
Also by that correspondingly the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Cooling Water (1 κ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Space (A) (for example equal to 150°) via the circuit which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Spaces (A) of the Heat Exchanger (1), the Space (A0, the Opening (9n2), the Space (9ε2), the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9λ0, the Feeder Ring (9λ), the Outlet Tube (9λ2), the Cooling Water Tubes (12γ), the Feeder Source with Cooling Water (12β), the Pump (12α), the Tubes (12γ) and the relative circuit-inside the lower Feeder Valve (9') [(9λ2'), (9λ'), (9λ/), (9ε2'), (9n2'), (A/)] and return to the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A) of the Heat Exchanger (1). Also by that correspondingly the feeding of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) with Recirculation Water (1v) from the Hot to the Cold section of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) is effected in the circle-section, which corresponds to the Spaces (A- B) (for example equal to 30°) via the circuit, which is composed by the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) of the Heat Exchanger (1 ), the Space (A B0 of the Upper Feeder Valve (9), the opening (9Θ0, the Space (9ζ0 of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9μ0, the Recirculation Ring (9μ), the Outlet Tube (9μ2), the Pump (13α), the Recirculation Tubes (13β), the Inlet Tube (9v2), the Recirculation Ring (9v), the Opening (9v0, the Space (9ζ2) of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ), the Opening (9Θ2), the Space (B A0, the Tubes (1α) and (1 β) of the Space (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1 ) and the relative circuit inside the Lower Feeder Valve (9') [Space (B/- A/), Opening (9Θ2'), Space (9ζ2'), Opening (9v/), Ring (9v'), Outlet Tube (9v2'), Pump (13α'), Tubes (13β'), Inlet Tube (9μ2'), Ring (9μ')τ Opening (9μ/), Space (9ζ/) of the Feeder Cylinder (9γ'), Opening (9Θ/), Space (A/-B/) of the Lower Feeding Valve (9')] and return to the Elements of the Arch (A-B) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1). Also by that the Pump (13α') could be omitted since there exist the (13α), it has been inserted only for symmetry reasons of the Lower Feeding Valve (9') with the Upper Feeding Valve (9).
9. A Feeding Valve (9) or (9') as above in the Claims 2 and 8, which is characterized by that the recirculation of water from the Tubes (1 α), (1 β) of the Section (A-B) to the Tubes (1α), (1 β) of the Section (B-A) of the Internal Heat Exchanger (1) is effected with a better efficiency and relative energy saving by separating of the space of the sections (A^BO and (B A0 into more parts (instead of one to one) for instance four to four, where the hotter part of (B-A) [this one which just exits from the Space (B)] will heat the more heated part of (A-B) [this one which is ready to enter the (B)] and so we have a relative energy saving and improvement of the efficiency, consequently the Elements (9ζ0, (9Θ0, (9ζ2) and (9Θ2) are also divided in, for instance, four parts and namely (9ζ0ι,2,3.4, (9Θ ι,2,3,4, (9ζ2)ι>2|3,4, (9θ2)1 ι2,3,4 and the Spaces { ^- B and (B-t-A into the
Figure imgf000032_0001
and (B-rA ι.2,3,4 correspondingly, where also the circulation of the relative circuits of the recirculated water will be done by relative consecutive parallel Recirculation Rings (9μ)ι.2ι3,4 (9v)1 |2ι3,4 και (9μ')1 >2|3>4 και (9v')1 ι2ι3ι4 whije the Pumps (13α) can have a common motor and for instance 4 consecutive parallel circulation pumps on the same axis.
It is also characterized by the fact in addition the possibility of dividing the Spaces (A B0 and (B A0 of the Valve (9) [and the relative ones of the (9')] in several parts 1 ,2,3,4 (with corresponding division also of the (9ζ0, (9Θ0, (9λ), (9μ) and (13α) [and the relative ones of the (9')] permits the recuperation of the heat of the Space (A-,- B0ι,2,3,4 by the Space (B AO-ι.2,3,4 in a much higher temperature [theoretically for a very big number of divisions we will have almost the same inlet temperature from the Space (AfBO to the Space (B0 with temperature of outlet from the Space (B0 to the Space (Bι-A0] from that one, which is succeeded in the version without these divisions [where in the Space (B-,-A0 a temperature a little lower than the average of the inlet-outlet temperatures in the Space (A B0 is succeeded]. This almost eliminates the losses from the interchange of the Spaces (A), (B) and increases significantly the over all efficiency.
PCT/GR2004/000025 2003-04-21 2004-04-20 Adsorption chiller for the production of cooling power from low temperature hot water WO2004094928A1 (en)

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US8597471B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2013-12-03 Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. Heat driven concentrator with alternate condensers
US10226984B2 (en) 2015-04-10 2019-03-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Air-conditioning system with vacuum enclosure

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US8597471B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2013-12-03 Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. Heat driven concentrator with alternate condensers
US10226984B2 (en) 2015-04-10 2019-03-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Air-conditioning system with vacuum enclosure
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US10864800B2 (en) 2015-04-10 2020-12-15 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for a vehicle climate control system

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