WO2004090448A2 - Heat exchange module particularly for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Heat exchange module particularly for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004090448A2
WO2004090448A2 PCT/FR2004/000804 FR2004000804W WO2004090448A2 WO 2004090448 A2 WO2004090448 A2 WO 2004090448A2 FR 2004000804 W FR2004000804 W FR 2004000804W WO 2004090448 A2 WO2004090448 A2 WO 2004090448A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
heat exchange
exchange module
module according
disturbers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2004/000804
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004090448A3 (en
Inventor
Christian Riondet
Paul Garret
Original Assignee
Valeo Thermique Moteur
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Thermique Moteur filed Critical Valeo Thermique Moteur
Publication of WO2004090448A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004090448A2/en
Publication of WO2004090448A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004090448A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0435—Combination of units extending one behind the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F28F2009/004—Common frame elements for multiple cores

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchange module, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising at least two heat exchangers, each heat exchanger consisting of a bundle of fluid circulation tubes connected to at least one manifold.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchange module comprising a plurality of heat exchangers, in particular two, having fluid circulation tubes and cooling surfaces, forming a bundle, the exchangers of the module being successively traversed by the same air flow.
  • a module is sometimes also called a "multi-exchanger” since it includes several heat exchangers having a common structural element, generally the fins or corrugated cooling inserts, which ensure the cohesion of the module's heat exchangers.
  • This "common structural element may also consist of lateral elements, also called cheeks, located on either side of two opposite sides of the beams.
  • the dimension, in particular the cross section, of the tubes of a heat exchanger is more important than the height of the tubes used for the cooling radiator.
  • the term "height" designates the minor axis of the cross section of the tube which is generally oblong in shape, for example, rectangular or oval.
  • the present invention relates to a heat exchange module with optimized operation which overcomes this drawback.
  • This heat exchange module must make it possible to conserve the heat power exchanged while having the same spacing pitch for the tubes for all the exchangers.
  • the tubes of the heat exchangers having the same spacing pitch comprise disturbers.
  • disturbers is meant bosses whose height is less than the minor axis of the fluid passage section of the tubes. They thus have one end, turned towards the inside of the tube, capable of being bathed by the fluid.
  • the cooling surfaces are constituted by corrugated spacers.
  • the cooling surfaces are constituted by fins having the shape of an elongated rectangle comprising two opposite parallel elongated sides and two small opposite parallel sides.
  • the tubes are arranged perpendicular to these fins and they pass through them.
  • the fins have, on at least one of the elongated sides, cutouts for receiving the tubes into which the fluid circulation tubes of at least one of the exchangers are introduced.
  • the tubes of at least one of the heat exchangers advantageously consist of tubes formed by strips of folded sheet metal.
  • the tubes which include disturbers are the tubes of a cooling radiator, in particular of the engine of the motor vehicle.
  • the tubes of one exchanger which do not include disturbers are the tubes of a condenser, in particular for the air conditioning circuit of the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
  • the height of the tubes is preferably between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm.
  • the disturbers occupy a fraction of the total surface projected on the side of the tube, on which they are formed, of between 5% and 25%.
  • the percentage of the minimum projected cross-section of the disturbers on the internal cross-section of the tube is between 5% and 20%.
  • the disturbers are arranged in staggered rows to limit the reduction in thickness of the sheet forming the wall of the tube, during their forming.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a first alternative embodiment of a heat exchange module according to one invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tube of an exchanger of the module shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a tube of an exchanger of the module of Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figure 4 is a general perspective view of a second embodiment of a heat exchange module according to one invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of a first embodiment of a cooling fin of the heat exchange module of the invention shown in Figure 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a cooling fin adapted to the heat exchange module of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial perspective view of a heat exchange module according to present invention. It consists of a cooling radiator 1 of a motor vehicle engine and an air conditioning condenser 2, these two exchangers being generally planar.
  • the radiator 1 consists in a known manner of a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes 5 mounted between two manifolds 6 (only one box has been shown), the two manifolds being arranged along two parallel sides of the bundle of tubes and fitted with inlet pipe 8 and outlet for the coolant.
  • the condenser 2 also consists of a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes 10 mounted between two manifolds 12 (only one box has been shown), the manifolds being arranged along two parallel sides of the bundle and provided with pipes. inlet and outlet of the refrigerant (not shown).
  • the cooling surfaces are constituted by corrugated spacers 30 disposed between the tubes 5 and the tubes 10.
  • the bottom of the manifold 6 has a plurality of spaced elongated holes 14 intended to receive the tubes of the exchanger 1.
  • the manifold 12 of the exchanger 2 has the general shape of an elongated cylinder provided with perforations 16 intended to receive the tubes 10 of the exchanger.
  • FIG. 2 a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a tube 5 of the cooling radiator of the heat exchange module of Figure 1.
  • This section has the shape of an elongated rectangle comprising two parallel sides 20 of great length and two small opposite parallel sides 22, which respectively define two large opposite faces and two small opposite faces.
  • the tube 5 is produced by the folding of a sheet metal strip, for example an aluminum strip. It has two folded ends 24 which form a partition which delimits the interior volume of the tube into two channels 26 for circulation of the cooling fluid.
  • the tube 5 has a height H (corresponding to the minor axis of the cross section) of defined value, which can, for example, be between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm.
  • Disturbers 32 formed by bosses, can be provided on one of the large faces 20 of the tube or on each of its two large faces. These disturbers are conventionally constituted by a deformation of the sheet metal wall, produced in particular by the passage between rollers prior to folding of the sheet metal strip.
  • the disturbers 32 make it possible to increase the efficiency of the heat exchange in stable single-phase regime thanks to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient. It does not require an increase in the surface to obtain this improvement in yield.
  • the presence of the disturbers 32 makes it possible to preserve the coefficient of heat exchange between the fluid and the outside air in spite of the increase in height of the tubes 5 necessary to align their spacing pitch with that of the tubes 12 of the condenser.
  • the disturbers occupy a fraction of the total surface projected on the side of the tube, on which they are formed, which is between 5% and 25%.
  • the percentage of the minimum projected cross-section of the disturbers on the internal cross-section of the tube is advantageously between 5% and 20%.
  • the tube 5 with part of its disturbers 32 is also shown in FIG. 3.
  • the disturbers 32 have, for example, an elongated shape, and are oriented, in particular, substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the tubes.
  • Their dimension in the direction of the minor axis of the tube (height H) is, for example, greater than their dimension in the major axis of the tube.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a heat exchange module according to the present invention. It is composed of a cooling radiator 33 of a motor vehicle engine, an air conditioning condenser 34 and an oil cooling radiator 36 ' , these three exchangers being generally planar.
  • the radiator 33 is located at the rear with respect to the air flow, while the condenser 34 and the radiator 36 are both located at the front if the drawing in FIG. 4 is observed.
  • the cooling radiator 33 consists in a known manner of a body produced from a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes, mounted between two manifolds 38 and 40.
  • the manifolds are arranged along two parallel sides of the body. They are provided with an inlet pipe 42 and an outlet pipe (not visible in the drawing) for the cooling fluid.
  • the condenser 34 also consists of a body of vertical fluid circulation tubes mounted between two manifolds 44 and 46 arranged along two parallel sides of the body and provided with an inlet manifold 48 and a manifold outlet 49 for a refrigerant.
  • the cooling radiator 36 also consists of a body produced from a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes mounted between two manifolds 50 and 52 arranged along the two parallel sides of the body and provided with a tubing d inlet 54 and outlet pipe 55 for the oil to be cooled.
  • the tubes of the condenser 34 and of the cooling radiator 36 are arranged in the extension of one another and constitute a first row of tubes.
  • the tubes of the cooling radiator 33 extend over the entire length of the heat exchange module and constitute a second row of tubes. The first row and the second row of tubes are traversed by the same air flow, the condenser and the cooling radiator being arranged upstream relative to the direction of flow of the air flow.
  • the cooling radiator, the condenser and the oil radiator are assembled by means of fins 56 common to the three exchangers.
  • FIG 5 a plan view of a fin 56 of the heat exchange module according to the invention shown in Figure 4.
  • the fin 56 has, seen from above, the shape of a rectangle elongated having two parallel elongated sides 58 and 60 and two small parallel sides 62.
  • the elongated side 58 has cutouts 64 for the reception of the tubes 66 of the cooling radiator 33.
  • the cutouts 64 are regularly spaced from one another according to a constant spacing step P over the entire length of the long side 58.
  • the elongated side 60 comprises two types of cutouts, namely on the one hand cutouts 68 intended for the tubes 70 of the condenser 34 and, on the other hand, cutouts 72 intended to receive the tubes 74 of the cooling radiator 36.
  • the height H3 of the tubes 74 of the oil cooling radiator 36 is greater than the height H2 of the tubes 70 of the condenser 34 and that the height H1 of the tubes 76 of the cooling radiator 33.
  • the spacing pitch P of the tubes 66 of the cooling radiator 33, the spacing pitch P of the tubes 70 of the condenser and the spacing pitch P of the tubes 74 of the cooling radiator oil 76 are equal to each other. This equality is made possible, without loss of efficiency of the heat exchange, by the fact that the tubes 66 of the cooling radiator include disturbers 32 which improve the efficiency of the heat exchange between the fluid which circulates in the tubes and the outside air.
  • notches 76 of thermal insulation are provided between the tubes 66 and 70 on the one hand, 66 and 74 on the other hand.
  • the notches 76 have the function of preventing a thermal bridge between the cooling radiator 33 and the two other exchangers of the exchange module.
  • FIG 6 an alternative embodiment of the fin 56 shown in Figure 4.
  • the fin has cutouts 68 for the tubes 70 of the condenser 34 and cutouts 72 for the tubes 74 of the radiator oil cooling 36 on its elongated side 60.
  • the elongated side 58 of the fin 56 does not have cutouts, but elongated oval perforations 78 in which the tubes of the cooling radiator are inserted perpendicular to the plane of the fin.
  • the tubes therefore have a suitable oval cross section.
  • This alternative embodiment is intended for a mechanically assembled heat exchange module.
  • the thermal insulation notches 76 are also provided between the tubes of the cooling radiator 33 and the tubes of the other two exchangers.
  • the invention finds a particular application in the automotive field.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The heat exchange module comprises a number of heat exchangers (33, 34, 36) with fluid circulation tubes (66, 70, 74) across which one and the same stream of air flows and with cooling surfaces, for example, fins (56). The heat exchanger tubes are arranged with the same height and the same spacing gap (P). The tubes (66) of at least one of the exchangers (33) comprises flow disrupters (32) for improving the thermal exchange rate between the fluid flowing in the tube and the external medium.

Description

Module d'échange de chaleur à fonctionnement optimisé, notamment pour véhicule automobileOptimized heat exchange module, especially for motor vehicles
L'invention concerne un module d'échange de chaleur, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comprenant au moins deux échangeurs de chaleur, chaque échangeur de chaleur étant constitué d'un faisceau de tubes de circulation de fluide raccordés à au moins une boîte collectrice.The invention relates to a heat exchange module, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising at least two heat exchangers, each heat exchanger consisting of a bundle of fluid circulation tubes connected to at least one manifold.
Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un module d'échange de chaleur comportant une pluralité d' échangeurs de chaleur, notamment deux, ayant des tubes de circulation de fluide et des surfaces de refroidissement, formant un faisceau, les échangeurs du module étant successivement traversés par un même flux d'air. Un tel module est parfois aussi appelé "multi-échangeur" étant donné qu'il regroupe plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur ayant un élément structurel commun, généralement les ailettes ou les intercalaires ondulés de refroidissement, qui assurent la cohésion des échangeurs de chaleur du module. Cet "élément structurel commun pourra encore être constitué des éléments latéraux, aussi appelés joues, se trouvant de part et d'autre de deux côtés opposés des faisceaux.More specifically, the invention relates to a heat exchange module comprising a plurality of heat exchangers, in particular two, having fluid circulation tubes and cooling surfaces, forming a bundle, the exchangers of the module being successively traversed by the same air flow. Such a module is sometimes also called a "multi-exchanger" since it includes several heat exchangers having a common structural element, generally the fins or corrugated cooling inserts, which ensure the cohesion of the module's heat exchangers. This "common structural element may also consist of lateral elements, also called cheeks, located on either side of two opposite sides of the beams.
On connaît déjà (DE 100 14 475) un module d'échange de chaleur de ce type. Il est constitué de deux échangeurs, à savoir un radiateur de refroidissement et un condenseur faisant partie du circuit de climatisation. Les surfaces de refroidissement sont constituées par des intercalaires ondulés communs aux deux échangeurs et divisés en deux zones d'échanges de chaleur.There is already known (DE 100 14 475) a heat exchange module of this type. It consists of two exchangers, namely a cooling radiator and a condenser forming part of the air conditioning circuit. The cooling surfaces consist of corrugated spacers common to the two exchangers and divided into two heat exchange zones.
Il est connu d'adapter la dimension, notamment la section transversale, des tubes d'un échangeur de chaleur à la nature du fluide qui les traverse. Par exemple, la hauteur des tubes utilisés pour le refroidissement de l'huile du moteur et/ou de la boîte de vitesse du véhicule automobile, est plus importante que la hauteur des tubes utilisés pour le radiateur de refroidissement. Ici, le terme "hauteur" désigne le petit axe de la section transversale du tube qui est de forme généralement oblongue, par exemple, rectangulaire ou ovale .It is known to adapt the dimension, in particular the cross section, of the tubes of a heat exchanger to the nature of the fluid which passes through them. For example, the height of the tubes used for cooling the engine oil and / or the gearbox of the motor vehicle, is more important than the height of the tubes used for the cooling radiator. Here, the term "height" designates the minor axis of the cross section of the tube which is generally oblong in shape, for example, rectangular or oval.
Dans un module d'échange de chaleur tel que celui qui est divulgué par le document DE 100 14 475, le problème de hauteurs de tubes différentes est résolu en utilisant des surfaces de refroidissement constituées par des intercalaires ondulés de hauteurs variables. Cette solution est complexe à mettre en oeuvre .In a heat exchange module such as that disclosed in document DE 100 14 475, the problem of different tube heights is solved by using cooling surfaces constituted by corrugated inserts of variable heights. This solution is complex to implement.
La présente invention a pour objet un module d'échange de chaleur à fonctionnement optimisé qui remédie à cet inconvénient. Ce module d'échange de chaleur doit permettre de conserver la puissance thermique échangée tout en ayant le même pas d'espacement des tubes pour tous les échangeurs.The present invention relates to a heat exchange module with optimized operation which overcomes this drawback. This heat exchange module must make it possible to conserve the heat power exchanged while having the same spacing pitch for the tubes for all the exchangers.
Ces buts sont atteints, conformément à l'invention, par le fait que les tubes des échangeurs de chaleur ayant le même pas d'espacement, les tubes de l'un au moins des échangeurs de chaleur comportent des perturbateurs . Par « perturbateurs », il faut entendre bossages dont la hauteur est inférieure au petit axe de la section de passage de fluide des tubes. Ils présentent ainsi une extrémité, tournée vers l'intérieur du tube, apte être baignée par le fluide.These objects are achieved, in accordance with the invention, by the fact that the tubes of the heat exchangers having the same spacing pitch, the tubes of at least one of the heat exchangers comprise disturbers. By "disturbers" is meant bosses whose height is less than the minor axis of the fluid passage section of the tubes. They thus have one end, turned towards the inside of the tube, capable of being bathed by the fluid.
Ces perturbateurs ou bossages font saillie vers l'intérieur des tubes de manière à provoquer un écoulement turbulent du fluide et à améliorer l'échange de chaleur entre le fluide qui circule dans le tube et le milieu de refroidissement qui circule extérieurement au tube .These disturbers or bosses protrude towards the inside of the tubes so as to cause a turbulent flow of the fluid and to improve the heat exchange between the fluid which circulates in the tube and the cooling medium which circulates outside the tube.
Ceci est obtenu par une répartition judicieuse des perturbateurs dans l'intérieur du tube. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, les surfaces de refroidissement sont constituées par des intercalaires ondulés .This is obtained by a judicious distribution of the disturbers in the interior of the tube. In a particular embodiment, the cooling surfaces are constituted by corrugated spacers.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les surfaces de refroidissement sont constituées par des ailettes présentant la forme d'un rectangle allongé comportant deux côtés opposés parallèles allongés et deux petits côtés opposés parallèles .In another embodiment, the cooling surfaces are constituted by fins having the shape of an elongated rectangle comprising two opposite parallel elongated sides and two small opposite parallel sides.
Les tubes sont disposés perpendiculairement à ces ailettes et ils les traversent. Dans une réalisation avantageuse, les ailettes comportent sur l'un au moins des côtés allongés des découpes de réception des tubes dans lesquels les tubes de circulation de fluide de l'un au moins des échangeurs sont introduits .The tubes are arranged perpendicular to these fins and they pass through them. In an advantageous embodiment, the fins have, on at least one of the elongated sides, cutouts for receiving the tubes into which the fluid circulation tubes of at least one of the exchangers are introduced.
Les tubes de l'un au moins des échangeurs de chaleur sont constitués avantageusement par des tubes formés par des bandes de tôle pliée.The tubes of at least one of the heat exchangers advantageously consist of tubes formed by strips of folded sheet metal.
Généralement, les tubes qui comportent des perturbateurs sont les tubes d'un radiateur de refroidissement, notamment du moteur du véhicule automobile. Généralement également, les tubes de 1 ' échangeur qui ne comportent pas de perturbateurs sont les tubes d'un condenseur, notamment pour le circuit de climatisation de l'habitacle du véhicule automobile .Generally, the tubes which include disturbers are the tubes of a cooling radiator, in particular of the engine of the motor vehicle. Generally also, the tubes of one exchanger which do not include disturbers are the tubes of a condenser, in particular for the air conditioning circuit of the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
La hauteur des tubes est de préférence comprise entre 1,2 mm et 2,5 mm.The height of the tubes is preferably between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm.
De préférence également, les perturbateurs occupent une fraction de la surface totale projetée du côté du tube, sur lequel ils sont formés, comprise entre 5% et 25%. De préférence, le pourcentage de la section transversale projetée minimale des perturbateurs sur la section interne transversale du tube est compris entre 5% et 20%.Preferably also, the disturbers occupy a fraction of the total surface projected on the side of the tube, on which they are formed, of between 5% and 25%. Preferably, the percentage of the minimum projected cross-section of the disturbers on the internal cross-section of the tube is between 5% and 20%.
Avantageusement, les perturbateurs sont disposés en quinconce pour limiter la réduction d'épaisseur de la tôle formant la paroi du tube, lors de leur formage.Advantageously, the disturbers are arranged in staggered rows to limit the reduction in thickness of the sheet forming the wall of the tube, during their forming.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisation donnés à titre illustratif en référence aux figures annexées . Sur ces figures :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of embodiments given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures. In these figures:
- la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective d'une première variante de réalisation d'un module d'échange de chaleur conforme à 1 ' invention ;- Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a first alternative embodiment of a heat exchange module according to one invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue en section transversale d'un tube d'un échangeur du module représenté sur la figure 1 ;- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tube of an exchanger of the module shown in Figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un tube d'un échangeur du module des figures 1 et 2 ;- Figure 3 is a perspective view of a tube of an exchanger of the module of Figures 1 and 2;
la figure 4 est une vue générale en perspective d'un second mode de réalisation d'un module d'échange de chaleur conforme à 1 ' invention ;Figure 4 is a general perspective view of a second embodiment of a heat exchange module according to one invention;
la figure 5 est une vue de dessus d'une première réalisation d'une ailette de refroidissement du module d'échange de chaleur de l'invention représenté sur la figure 4 ;Figure 5 is a top view of a first embodiment of a cooling fin of the heat exchange module of the invention shown in Figure 4;
- la figure 6 est une vue de dessus d'une variante de réalisation d'une ailette de refroidissement adaptée au module d'échange de chaleur de la figure 4.FIG. 6 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a cooling fin adapted to the heat exchange module of FIG. 4.
On a représenté sur la figure 1 une vue partielle en perspective d'un module d'échange de chaleur conforme à la présente invention. Il est constitué d'un radiateur de refroidissement 1 d'un moteur de véhicule automobile et d'un condenseur de climatisation 2, ces deux échangeurs étant généralement plans. Le radiateur 1 est constitué de façon connue d'un faisceau de tubes verticaux de circulation de fluide 5 montés entre deux boîtes collectrices 6 (une seule boîte a été représentée) , les deux boîtes collectrices étant disposées le long de deux côtés parallèles du faisceau de tubes et munies de tubulure d'entrée 8 et de sortie du fluide de refroidissement.FIG. 1 shows a partial perspective view of a heat exchange module according to present invention. It consists of a cooling radiator 1 of a motor vehicle engine and an air conditioning condenser 2, these two exchangers being generally planar. The radiator 1 consists in a known manner of a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes 5 mounted between two manifolds 6 (only one box has been shown), the two manifolds being arranged along two parallel sides of the bundle of tubes and fitted with inlet pipe 8 and outlet for the coolant.
Le condenseur 2 est également constitué d'un faisceau de tubes verticaux de circulation de fluide 10 montés entre deux boîtes collectrices 12 (une seule boîte a été représentée) , les boîtes collectrices étant disposées le long de deux côtés parallèles du faisceau et munies de tubulures d'entrée et de sortie du fluide réfrigérant (non représentées) .The condenser 2 also consists of a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes 10 mounted between two manifolds 12 (only one box has been shown), the manifolds being arranged along two parallel sides of the bundle and provided with pipes. inlet and outlet of the refrigerant (not shown).
Dans ce mode de réalisation, les surfaces de refroidissement sont constituées par des intercalaires ondulés 30 disposés entre les tubes 5 et les tubes 10.In this embodiment, the cooling surfaces are constituted by corrugated spacers 30 disposed between the tubes 5 and the tubes 10.
Le fond de la boîte collectrice 6 comporte une pluralité de trous allongés espacés 14 destinés à recevoir les tubes de 1' échangeur 1. La boîte collectrice 12 de 1 ' échangeur 2 présente la forme générale d'un cylindre allongé muni de perforations 16 destinées à recevoir les tubes 10 de 1 ' échangeur.The bottom of the manifold 6 has a plurality of spaced elongated holes 14 intended to receive the tubes of the exchanger 1. The manifold 12 of the exchanger 2 has the general shape of an elongated cylinder provided with perforations 16 intended to receive the tubes 10 of the exchanger.
On a représenté sur la figure 2 une vue en section transversale d'un exemple de réalisation d'un tube 5 du radiateur de refroidissement du module d'échange de chaleur de la figure 1. Cette section présente la forme d'un rectangle allongé comportant deux côtés 20 parallèles de grande longueur et deux petits côtés parallèles opposés 22, qui définissent respectivement deux grandes faces opposées et deux petites faces opposées. Le tube 5 est réalisé par le pliage d'une bande de tôle, par exemple un feuillard en aluminium. Il comporte deux extrémités repliées 24 qui forment une cloison de séparation qui délimite le volume intérieur du tube en deux canaux 26 de circulation du fluide de refroidissement. Le tube 5 possède une hauteur H (correspondant au petit axe de la section transversale) de valeur définie, qui peut, par exemple, être comprise entre 1,2 mm et 2,5 mm.There is shown in Figure 2 a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a tube 5 of the cooling radiator of the heat exchange module of Figure 1. This section has the shape of an elongated rectangle comprising two parallel sides 20 of great length and two small opposite parallel sides 22, which respectively define two large opposite faces and two small opposite faces. The tube 5 is produced by the folding of a sheet metal strip, for example an aluminum strip. It has two folded ends 24 which form a partition which delimits the interior volume of the tube into two channels 26 for circulation of the cooling fluid. The tube 5 has a height H (corresponding to the minor axis of the cross section) of defined value, which can, for example, be between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm.
Des perturbateurs 32, constitués par des bossages, peuvent être prévus sur l'une des grandes faces 20 du tube ou sur chacune de ses deux grandes faces . Ces perturbateurs sont constitués de manière classique par une déformation de la paroi de tôle, réalisée notamment par le passage entre des galets préalablement au pliage de la bande de tôle.Disturbers 32, formed by bosses, can be provided on one of the large faces 20 of the tube or on each of its two large faces. These disturbers are conventionally constituted by a deformation of the sheet metal wall, produced in particular by the passage between rollers prior to folding of the sheet metal strip.
Les perturbateurs 32 permettent d'augmenter le rendement de 1 ' échange de chaleur en régime monophasique stable grâce à une augmentation du coefficient de transfert de chaleur. Il ne nécessite pas d'augmentation de la surface pour obtenir cette amélioration de rendement. Ainsi, la présence des perturbateurs 32 permet de préserver le coefficient d'échange de chaleur entre le fluide et l'air extérieur en dépit de 1 ' augmentation de hauteur des tubes 5 nécessaire pour aligner leur pas d'espacement sur celui des tubes 12 du condenseur .The disturbers 32 make it possible to increase the efficiency of the heat exchange in stable single-phase regime thanks to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient. It does not require an increase in the surface to obtain this improvement in yield. Thus, the presence of the disturbers 32 makes it possible to preserve the coefficient of heat exchange between the fluid and the outside air in spite of the increase in height of the tubes 5 necessary to align their spacing pitch with that of the tubes 12 of the condenser.
De préférence, les perturbateurs occupent une fraction de la surface totale projetée du côté du tube, sur lequel ils sont formés, qui est comprise entre 5% et 25%. En outre, le pourcentage de la section transversale projetée minimale des perturbateurs sur la section interne transversale du tube est avantageusement compris entre 5% et 20%.Preferably, the disturbers occupy a fraction of the total surface projected on the side of the tube, on which they are formed, which is between 5% and 25%. In addition, the percentage of the minimum projected cross-section of the disturbers on the internal cross-section of the tube is advantageously between 5% and 20%.
Le tube 5 avec une partie de ses perturbateurs 32 est représenté aussi sur la figure 3. Les perturbateurs 32 présentent, par exemple, une forme allongée, et sont orientés, notamment, sensiblement orthogonale ent à la direction longitudinale des tubes. Leur dimension dans la direction du petit axe du tube (hauteur H) est, par exemple, supérieure à leur dimension dans le grand axe du tube.The tube 5 with part of its disturbers 32 is also shown in FIG. 3. The disturbers 32 have, for example, an elongated shape, and are oriented, in particular, substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the tubes. Their dimension in the direction of the minor axis of the tube (height H) is, for example, greater than their dimension in the major axis of the tube.
On a représenté sur la figure 4 un autre mode de réalisation d'un module d'échange de chaleur conforme à la présente invention. Il est composé d'un radiateur de refroidissement 33 d'un moteur de véhicule automobile, d'un condenseur 34 de climatisation et d'un radiateur de refroidissement d'huile 36', ces trois échangeurs étant généralement plans. Le radiateur 33 est situé à l'arrière par rapport à l'écoulement de l'air, tandis que le condenseur 34 et le radiateur 36 sont tous deux situés à l'avant si l'on observe le dessin de la figure 4.FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a heat exchange module according to the present invention. It is composed of a cooling radiator 33 of a motor vehicle engine, an air conditioning condenser 34 and an oil cooling radiator 36 ' , these three exchangers being generally planar. The radiator 33 is located at the rear with respect to the air flow, while the condenser 34 and the radiator 36 are both located at the front if the drawing in FIG. 4 is observed.
Le radiateur de refroidissement 33 est constitué de façon connue d'un corps réalisé à partir d'un faisceau de tubes verticaux de circulation de fluide, monté entre deux boîtes collectrices 38 et 40. Les boîtes collectrices sont disposées le long de deux côtés parallèles du corps. Elles sont munies d'une tubulure d'entrée 42 et d'une tubulure de sortie (non visible sur le dessin) pour le fluide de refroidissement .The cooling radiator 33 consists in a known manner of a body produced from a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes, mounted between two manifolds 38 and 40. The manifolds are arranged along two parallel sides of the body. They are provided with an inlet pipe 42 and an outlet pipe (not visible in the drawing) for the cooling fluid.
Le condenseur 34 est également constitué d'un corps de tubes verticaux de circulation de fluide monté entre deux boîtes collectrices 44 et 46 disposées le long de deux côtés parallèles du corps et munies d'une tubulure d'entrée 48 et d'une tubulure de sortie 49 pour un fluide réfrigérant.The condenser 34 also consists of a body of vertical fluid circulation tubes mounted between two manifolds 44 and 46 arranged along two parallel sides of the body and provided with an inlet manifold 48 and a manifold outlet 49 for a refrigerant.
Le radiateur de refroidissement 36 est constitué également d'un corps réalisé à partir d'un faisceau de tubes verticaux de circulation de fluide monté entre deux boîtes collectrices 50 et 52 disposées le long des deux côtés parallèles du corps et munies d'une tubulure d'entrée 54 et d'une tubulure de sortie 55 pour l'huile à refroidir. Les tubes du condenseur 34 et du radiateur de refroidissement 36 sont disposés dans le prolongement l'un de 1 ' autre et constituent un premier rang de tubes . Les tubes du radiateur de refroidissement 33 s'étendent sur toute la longueur du module d'échange de chaleur et constituent un deuxième rang de tubes. Le premier rang et le second rang de tubes sont traversés par un même flux d'air, le condenseur et le radiateur de refroidissement étant disposés en amont par rapport au sens de l'écoulement du flux d'air.The cooling radiator 36 also consists of a body produced from a bundle of vertical fluid circulation tubes mounted between two manifolds 50 and 52 arranged along the two parallel sides of the body and provided with a tubing d inlet 54 and outlet pipe 55 for the oil to be cooled. The tubes of the condenser 34 and of the cooling radiator 36 are arranged in the extension of one another and constitute a first row of tubes. The tubes of the cooling radiator 33 extend over the entire length of the heat exchange module and constitute a second row of tubes. The first row and the second row of tubes are traversed by the same air flow, the condenser and the cooling radiator being arranged upstream relative to the direction of flow of the air flow.
Le radiateur de refroidissement, le condenseur et le radiateur d'huile sont assemblés par l'intermédiaire d'ailettes 56 communes aux trois échangeurs. On constitue ainsi un module d'échange de chaleur ou "multi-échangeur" formé de trois échangeurs de chaleur différents qui partagent des ailettes communes .The cooling radiator, the condenser and the oil radiator are assembled by means of fins 56 common to the three exchangers. This constitutes a heat exchange module or "multi-exchanger" formed of three different heat exchangers which share common fins.
On a représenté sur la figure 5 une vue en plan d'une ailette 56 du module d'échange de chaleur conforme à l'invention représentée sur la figure 4. L'ailette 56 présente, vue de dessus, la forme d'un rectangle allongé ayant deux côtés allongés parallèles 58 et 60 et deux petits côtés parallèles 62. Le côté allongé 58 comporte des découpes 64 pour la réception des tubes 66 du radiateur de refroidissement 33. Les découpes 64 sont régulièrement espacées l'une de l'autre selon un pas d'espacement P constant sur toute la longueur du grand côté 58.There is shown in Figure 5 a plan view of a fin 56 of the heat exchange module according to the invention shown in Figure 4. The fin 56 has, seen from above, the shape of a rectangle elongated having two parallel elongated sides 58 and 60 and two small parallel sides 62. The elongated side 58 has cutouts 64 for the reception of the tubes 66 of the cooling radiator 33. The cutouts 64 are regularly spaced from one another according to a constant spacing step P over the entire length of the long side 58.
Le côté allongé 60 comporte deux types de découpes, à savoir d'une part des découpes 68 destinées aux tubes 70 du condenseur 34 et, d'autre part, des découpes 72 destinées à recevoir les tubes 74 du radiateur de refroidissement 36.The elongated side 60 comprises two types of cutouts, namely on the one hand cutouts 68 intended for the tubes 70 of the condenser 34 and, on the other hand, cutouts 72 intended to receive the tubes 74 of the cooling radiator 36.
La hauteur H3 des tubes 74 du radiateur de refroidissement de l'huile 36 est plus importante que la hauteur H2 des tubes 70 du condenseur 34 et que la hauteur Hl des tubes 76 du radiateur de refroidissement 33. Toutefois, conformément à l'invention, le pas d'espacement P des tubes 66 du radiateur de refroidissement 33, le pas d'espacement P des tubes 70 du condenseur et le pas d'espacement P des tubes 74 du radiateur de refroidissement d'huile 76 sont égaux entre eux. Cette égalité est rendue possible, sans perte de rendement de l'échange thermique, par le fait que les tubes 66 du radiateur de refroidissement comportent des perturbateurs 32 qui améliorent le rendement de l'échange thermique entre le fluide qui circule dans les tubes et l'air extérieur.The height H3 of the tubes 74 of the oil cooling radiator 36 is greater than the height H2 of the tubes 70 of the condenser 34 and that the height H1 of the tubes 76 of the cooling radiator 33. However, in accordance with the invention, the spacing pitch P of the tubes 66 of the cooling radiator 33, the spacing pitch P of the tubes 70 of the condenser and the spacing pitch P of the tubes 74 of the cooling radiator oil 76 are equal to each other. This equality is made possible, without loss of efficiency of the heat exchange, by the fact that the tubes 66 of the cooling radiator include disturbers 32 which improve the efficiency of the heat exchange between the fluid which circulates in the tubes and the outside air.
En outre, des échancrures 76 d'isolation thermique sont prévues entre les tubes 66 et 70 d'une part, 66 et 74 d'autre part. Les échancrures 76 ont pour fonction d'empêcher un pont thermique entre le radiateur de refroidissement 33 et les deux autres échangeurs du module d ' échange .In addition, notches 76 of thermal insulation are provided between the tubes 66 and 70 on the one hand, 66 and 74 on the other hand. The notches 76 have the function of preventing a thermal bridge between the cooling radiator 33 and the two other exchangers of the exchange module.
On a représenté sur la figure 6 une variante de réalisation de l'ailette 56 représentée sur la figure 4. Dans cette variante, l'ailette comporte des découpes 68 destinées aux tubes 70 du condenseur 34 et des découpes 72 destinées aux tubes 74 du radiateur de refroidissement d'huile 36 sur son côté allongé 60. En revanche, le côté allongé 58 de l'ailette 56 ne comporte pas de découpes, mais des perforations ovales allongées 78 dans lesquelles les tubes du radiateur de refroidissement sont enfoncés perpendiculairement au plan de l'ailette. Les tubes ont en conséquence une section de forme ovale adaptée. Cette variante de réalisation est destinée à un module d'échange de chaleur assemblé mécaniquement. En outre, les échancrures d'isolation thermique 76 sont également prévues entre les tubes du radiateur de refroidissement 33 et les tubes des deux autres échangeurs.There is shown in Figure 6 an alternative embodiment of the fin 56 shown in Figure 4. In this variant, the fin has cutouts 68 for the tubes 70 of the condenser 34 and cutouts 72 for the tubes 74 of the radiator oil cooling 36 on its elongated side 60. On the other hand, the elongated side 58 of the fin 56 does not have cutouts, but elongated oval perforations 78 in which the tubes of the cooling radiator are inserted perpendicular to the plane of the fin. The tubes therefore have a suitable oval cross section. This alternative embodiment is intended for a mechanically assembled heat exchange module. In addition, the thermal insulation notches 76 are also provided between the tubes of the cooling radiator 33 and the tubes of the other two exchangers.
L'invention trouve une application particulière dans le domaine de l'automobile. The invention finds a particular application in the automotive field.

Claims

Revendicationsclaims
1 - Module d'échange de chaleur comportant une pluralité d'échangeurs de chaleur (1, 2 ; 33, 34, 36) ayant des tubes de circulation de fluide (5, 6 ; 66, 70, 74) traversés par un même flux d'air, et des surfaces de refroidissement (30, 56) , les tubes des échangeurs de chaleur ayant le même pas d'espacement (P) , caractérisé en ce que les tubes (5 ; 66) de l'un au moins des échangeurs (1 ; 33) comportent des perturbateurs (32) .1 - Heat exchange module comprising a plurality of heat exchangers (1, 2; 33, 34, 36) having fluid circulation tubes (5, 6; 66, 70, 74) traversed by the same flow air, and cooling surfaces (30, 56), the tubes of the heat exchangers having the same spacing pitch (P), characterized in that the tubes (5; 66) of at least one of the exchangers (1; 33) include disturbers (32).
2 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de refroidissement sont constituées par des intercalaires ondulés (30) .2 - heat exchange module according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling surfaces are constituted by corrugated spacers (30).
3 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de refroidissement sont constituées par des ailettes (56) présentant la forme d'un rectangle allongé comportant deux côtés opposés (58, 60) parallèles allongés et deux petits côtés (62) opposés parallèles .3 - heat exchange module according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling surfaces are constituted by fins (56) having the shape of an elongated rectangle comprising two opposite sides (58, 60) elongated parallel and two short sides (62) opposite parallel.
4 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (56) comportent sur l'un au moins des côtés allongés (58, 60) des découpes (64, 68, 72) de réception des tubes dans lesquelles les tubes (66, 70, 74) de circulation de fluide de l'un au moins des échangeurs (33, 34, 36) sont introduits.4 - heat exchange module according to claim 3, characterized in that the fins (56) have on at least one of the elongated sides (58, 60) of the cutouts (64, 68, 72) for receiving the tubes into which the tubes (66, 70, 74) of fluid circulation of at least one of the exchangers (33, 34, 36) are introduced.
5 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (5 ;5 - Heat exchange module according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tubes (5;
66) de l'un au moins des échangeurs de chaleur (1 ; 33) sont constitués par une bande de tôle pliée.66) of at least one of the heat exchangers (1; 33) consist of a folded sheet metal strip.
6 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (5 ;6 - heat exchange module according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tubes (5;
66) comportant des perturbateurs (32) sont les tubes d'un radiateur de refroidissement (1 ; 33) . 7 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (6 ; 70, 74) ne comportant pas de perturbateurs (32) sont les tubes d'un condenseur (34) et/ou les tubes du radiateur de refroidissement d'huile.66) comprising disturbers (32) are the tubes of a cooling radiator (1; 33). 7 - heat exchange module according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tubes (6; 70, 74) having no disturbers (32) are the tubes of a condenser (34) and / or the oil cooling radiator tubes.
8 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur (H) des tubes est comprise entre 1,2 mm et 2,5 mm.8 - Heat exchange module according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the height (H) of the tubes is between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm.
9 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le pourcentage de la surface projetée occupée par les perturbateurs (32) est compris entre 5% et 25% de la surface totale des grandes faces des tubes .9 - Heat exchange module according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the percentage of the projected surface occupied by the disturbers (32) is between 5% and 25% of the total surface of the large faces tubes.
10 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le pourcentage de la section transversale projetée minimale des perturbateurs (32) sur la section interne transversale du tube est compris entre 5% et 20%.10 - Heat exchange module according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the percentage of the minimum projected cross section of the disturbers (32) on the internal cross section of the tube is between 5% and 20% .
11 - Module d'échange de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les perturbateurs (32) sont disposés en quinconce. 11 - Heat exchange module according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the disturbers (32) are arranged in staggered rows.
PCT/FR2004/000804 2003-03-31 2004-03-31 Heat exchange module particularly for a motor vehicle WO2004090448A2 (en)

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FR0303962A FR2853052B1 (en) 2003-03-31 2003-03-31 OPTIMIZED HEAT EXCHANGE MODULE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE

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