WO2004082032A2 - Lumineszenzkonversions-leuchtdiode mit nachleuchteffekt und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Lumineszenzkonversions-leuchtdiode mit nachleuchteffekt und deren verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004082032A2 WO2004082032A2 PCT/DE2004/000505 DE2004000505W WO2004082032A2 WO 2004082032 A2 WO2004082032 A2 WO 2004082032A2 DE 2004000505 W DE2004000505 W DE 2004000505W WO 2004082032 A2 WO2004082032 A2 WO 2004082032A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light source
- phosphor
- led
- secondary radiation
- source according
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GFKJCVBFQRKZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Y+3].[Y+3].[Y+3].[Y+3] GFKJCVBFQRKZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkaline earth metal aluminate Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003668 SrAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001650 dmitryivanovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001707 krotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005084 Strontium aluminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052634 enstatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium aluminate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Sr+2].[Sr+2] FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000016776 visual perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a light source, comprising at least one LED for emitting primary radiation and at least one phosphor for converting the primary radiation into secondary radiation.
- a light source comprising at least one LED for emitting primary radiation and at least one phosphor for converting the primary radiation into secondary radiation.
- the use of the light source and a suitable operating method are specified.
- a light source of the type mentioned is known for example from DE 196 38 667 C2.
- the light source is referred to as a luminescence conversion LED.
- the LED (Light Emitting Diode) of the light source has, for example, a semiconductor layer made of gallium indium nitride as the active layer
- Wavelength range emitted The LED emits "blue” light.
- the maximum intensity of the primary radiation is around 450 nm
- the phosphor is, for example, yttrium aluminum garnet doped or activated with cerium (YAG: Ce, Y3AI5O12: Ce).
- the phosphor absorbs the primary radiation and emits secondary radiation from a second wavelength range.
- the phosphor emits "yellow” luminescent light with an intensity maximum that is dependent on the concentration of cerium.
- the phosphor is embedded in the form of powder particles in an epoxy resin or a low-melting inorganic glass. Serve the epoxy resin or the glass as a matrix of the powder particles.
- the phosphor of the powder particles is excited to emit the secondary radiation (luminescence).
- the LED is switched off, no primary radiation and consequently no secondary radiation are emitted.
- the light from the light source goes out.
- the light source goes out almost at the same time as the LED is switched off.
- the light source may be desirable for the light source to continue to emit light even in the event of a power failure.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a luminescence conversion LED which emits light over a longer period of time even in the event of a power failure. Further objects of the invention are to provide an energy-saving LED and an LED that is as long-lasting as possible.
- a light source comprising at least one LED for emitting primary radiation and at least one phosphor for converting the primary radiation into secondary radiation.
- the light source is characterized in that the secondary radiation at room temperature has a decay time of at least 0.1 sec, preferably at least one second, until the luminescence intensity of the secondary radiation can no longer be perceived by the human eye.
- Room temperature means a temperature from the range from about 10 ° C to about 30 ° C, but especially a temperature of about 20 ° C.
- the light source according to the invention emits light even after a failure or interruption in clocked operation of the power supply of the LED. This is achieved in that the secondary radiation of the phosphor has a relatively long decay time.
- the phosphor of the light source is characterized by a "afterglow effect". After the LED has been switched off and thus after the excitation of the phosphor has ended, the phosphor emits the secondary radiation over a longer period of time. The light source is visible beyond the time the LED is switched off. This applies to any device for detecting the secondary radiation. In particular, this applies to the human eye. Visibility of the light source over a longer period of time is additionally enhanced by adapting the sense of sight.
- the decay time is preferably from several minutes to several hours.
- the light source can be used as emergency lighting.
- the emergency lighting is used, for example, to illuminate any room whose "normal" light source has failed to illuminate.
- the room is part of an escape route, for example.
- the escape route can also be displayed in the event of a power failure.
- a single phosphor can have multiple emitting states.
- the secondary radiation emanating from these states can differ from one another with regard to the wavelength range of the respective luminescence. If these secondary radiations also have different decay times, the color of the LED changes after the LED is switched off Light source emitted light. It can therefore be advantageous to provide a number of phosphors which are distinguished by a different decay behavior of the secondary radiation, but which emit in the same wavelength range. As a result, the color of the light emitted by the light source almost does not change even when the power supply to the LED is interrupted. The color of the light from the light source remains approximately the same.
- the phosphor or phosphors can be excited by a single LED to emit the secondary radiation. It is also conceivable that each phosphor is excited separately by an LED with a characteristic primary radiation to emit the corresponding secondary radiation.
- the light source can have a single LED with associated phosphor. It is also conceivable, in particular, that a plurality of LEDs with associated phosphor are arranged in the form of an array. The same LED-phosphor combination can be used in each case. It is also conceivable that the array is made up of different LED phosphor combinations.
- the phosphor can be organic or inorganic phosphor. In a special one
- the phosphor is selected from the group consisting of oxide,
- Aluminate and / or sulfide phosphor selected. These inorganic phosphors are each using a
- Wavelength range as well as the decay time of the emission of the
- the aluminate phosphor has an alkaline earth aluminate with at least one doping selected from the group europium (Eu2 + f Eu ⁇ + ) and / or dysprosium (Dr3 +).
- the alkaline earth aluminate has, for example, one from the group SrAl2Ü4: Eu 2 +, Dy3 +,
- CaAl2 ⁇ 4 Eu 2 + , Dy3 +, SrAl ] _4 ⁇ 25: Eu2 +, Dy3 + selected formal
- a phosphor with the formal composition SrAl2Ü4: Eu 2 +, Dy3 + (doping europium and dysprosium) emits green secondary radiation after excitation by a broadband primary radiation at 450 nm. After 200 minutes, this phosphor still shows 10% residual light.
- the other phosphors listed emit blue secondary radiation (CaAl2C> 4: Eu2 +, Dy3 +) and blue-green secondary radiation (SrAl ] _4 ⁇ 25: Eu 2 +, Dy3 +).
- the sulfide phosphor has a zinc sulfide (ZnS) with at least one doping selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu + ) and / or silver (Au + ).
- ZnS zinc sulfide
- a formal composition of this phosphor is, for example, ZnS: Ag + , Cu + .
- the phosphor emits green secondary radiation.
- the oxide phosphor has an yttrium oxysulfide with at least one doping selected from the group consisting of europium (Eu 2 +, Eu ⁇ +), magnesium (Mg2 +) and / or titanium (Ti 4+ ).
- a formal composition of this phosphor is, for example, Y2O2S: Eu 3+ , Mg 2+ , Ti 4+ .
- Fluorescent emits red secondary radiation.
- the LUKOLED is operated with phosphorescent phosphor by dimming with a suitable duty cycle, with a switch-off time of at least 50 ms.
- a particularly energy-saving LED can be realized on the one hand by selecting a duty cycle of at least 1: 1000 down to 1: 10000 or even less. Due to the flickering effect on the human eye, conventional Lukoleds are forced to use a duty cycle of 1: 100 at the most. However, the use of suitable storage phosphors offers an elegant way of pushing this threshold further down.
- a long-life LED can be realized in that the switch-on time and switch-off time are chosen to be significantly longer.
- Usual previously known values are 5 ms for both phases (switch-on phase and switch-off phase), corresponding to a duty cycle of 50%.
- the use of storage phosphors offers an elegant possibility to use significantly longer periods of the phases with the same duty cycle, typically at least 50 ms for both phases.
- the length of the switch-on phase is less important than the number of switching operations per unit of time. Overall, due to the long switch-off phase that is now possible, the number of switching operations can be reduced considerably. This significantly reduces the switching losses in the switch. This reduced load increases the lifespan.
- Figure 1 shows a light source in the form of a luminescence conversion LED in cross section
- Figure 2 shows the typical duty cycle of an energy-saving LED
- Figure 3 shows the typical duty cycle of an LED with a long service life.
- Figure 4 shows the typical duty cycle of an intermittently operated LED.
- the light source 1 in FIG. 1 consists of an LED 2 and a luminescence conversion body 3.
- the luminescence conversion body 3 consists of an epoxy resin, in which powder particles from the phosphor 6 are contained.
- the epoxy resin forms a matrix for the powder particles.
- An average grain size of the powder particles is 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the LED 2 has a semiconductor layer made of gallium indium nitride. By electrical control, the LED emits blue light (primary radiation 4) with an intensity maximum at around 450 nm.
- the phosphor 6 is a strontium aluminate which is doped with europium and dysprosium.
- the formal composition of the phosphor 6 is SrAl2 ⁇ 4: Eu +, Dy3 +.
- This phosphor 6 shows a broad absorption band at 450 nm.
- the primary radiation 4 of the LED 2 is absorbed by the phosphor 6 and converted into the secondary radiation 5.
- the emission of the secondary radiation 5 is green.
- the phosphor 6 shows a residual light of about 10% at room temperature even 200 minutes after the LED 2 emitting the primary radiation 4 has been switched off. This means that the secondary radiation 5 has a decay time of well over 1 s, within which the luminescence intensity of the secondary radiation 5 decreases by 50%.
- part of the primary radiation 4 passes through the luminescence conversion body 3 without the Phosphor 6 to be absorbed. However, some is absorbed. As a result, the light of the light source 1 during the operation of the LED 2 results in a mixture of the blue emission of the primary radiation 4 and the green emission of the secondary radiation 5. After the LED 2 is switched off, the light source 1 only sends the green emission of the Secondary radiation 5 of the phosphor 6.
- the intensity of the primary radiation 4 and the amount of phosphor 6 are matched to one another such that almost no primary radiation 4 passes through the luminescence conversion body 6 even during the electrical activation of the LED 2.
- the light source 1 emits the green emission of the secondary radiation 5 both during the electrical activation of the LED 2 and after the LED 2 has been switched off.
- Luminescence conversion body 3 a mixture of the phosphors 6 with the formal compositions CaAl2 ⁇ 4: Eu +, Dy3 + (blue
- Luminescence SrAl2 ⁇ 4: Eu 2 +, Dy 3 + (green luminescence) and Y2O2S: Eu3 +, Mg2 +, Ti ⁇ + (red luminescence).
- the phosphors 6 are distinguished by different decay times of the secondary radiation 5. Due to the different decay times, when the LED 2 is switched off, the color of the light from the light source 1 changes over time.
- the LUKOLED equipped with storage phosphor is operated by means of PWM, with a switch-off duration of at least 50 ms, preferably 200 ms. Due to the sluggishness of the human eye, a duty cycle of 1: 1000, depending on the storage phosphor and its decay time even of 1: 10000 or even higher, is completely sufficient to still give the impression of a radiant light source. Specifically, a LUKOLED with a duty cycle of 1: 5000 can be used using Sr aluminate or yttrium oxysulfide. Overall, the pulse duty factor can be 1: 2 to 1: 10000, depending on the choice of phosphor, for example the pulse duty factor as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be used.
- the LUKOLED equipped with storage phosphor is operated by means of PWM in such a way that a pulse duty factor of 1: 1 to 1:10, depending on the storage phosphor and its decay time, is used, the associated switch is less stressed by the switch-on phase being at least 20 ms (preferably> 50 ms) and the switch-off phase being at least 50 ms, preferably more than 200 ms.
- Duty cycle 1 2
- the duty cycle is as in the
- T means the sum of the pulse duration and the switch-off duration.
- all specifically listed storage phosphors are suitable for PWM operation, in particular Sr aluminate or another aluminate or an oxide or sulfide as explained above. It is characteristic of many of these phosphors that their light intensity initially decreases sharply, similar to that of normal fluorescent phosphors, but then a long-lasting residual phosphorescence is observed due to trapping processes, which is still perceived by the human eye for minutes to hours. Because of the sensitivity of the eye, this residual phosphorescence is still clearly perceptible.
- phosphors in which the decay time is at least 0.1 s until the luminescence intensity has dropped to one per thousand of the original intensity, particularly preferred those phosphors in which a decay time of more than one second occurs within which the luminescence intensity has decreased by 50%. decreases.
- phosphors which can be excited specifically or particularly well by UV radiation in the range from 300 to 400 nm can be used. Its advantage is the quick chargeability with UV excitation compared to visible radiation.
- CaA1204 Eu
- Nd CaAl204 Tb, Ce
- MgSi03 Mn, Eu, Dy.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04719919A EP1602134A2 (de) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | Lumineszenzkonversions-led mit nachleuchteffekt und deren verwendung sowie zugeh riges betriebsverfahren |
KR1020057016993A KR101100467B1 (ko) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | 인광 효과를 가진 발광 변환 led 및 상기 led의 사용 방법 |
JP2006504262A JP2006521011A (ja) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | 残光効果を有するルミネセンス変換led及びその使用並びに作動方法 |
US10/546,051 US7479732B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | Luminescence conversion of LED with phosphorescence effect, and use thereof and operational method associated therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10311056 | 2003-03-13 | ||
DE10311056.9 | 2003-03-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004082032A2 true WO2004082032A2 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
WO2004082032A3 WO2004082032A3 (de) | 2005-06-02 |
Family
ID=32980576
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2004/000505 WO2004082032A2 (de) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-12 | Lumineszenzkonversions-leuchtdiode mit nachleuchteffekt und deren verwendung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7479732B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1602134A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006521011A (de) |
KR (1) | KR101100467B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100479204C (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004082032A2 (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007020556A1 (en) * | 2005-08-15 | 2007-02-22 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Light source and method for producing light modifiable in colour and/or luminosity |
EP1783191A1 (de) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-09 | Osram-Sylvania Inc. | Lang nachleuchtende Lampe |
EP2367400A3 (de) * | 2005-06-28 | 2013-02-13 | Seoul Opto Device Co., Ltd. | Lichtemittierende Vorrichtung für Wechselstrombetrieb |
DE102011114192A1 (de) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Farbortsteuerung eines von einem Licht emittierenden Halbleiterbauelement abgestrahlten Lichts |
RU2485633C2 (ru) * | 2004-12-22 | 2013-06-20 | Сеул Семикондактор Ко., Лтд. | Светоизлучающее устройство |
US8896216B2 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2014-11-25 | Seoul Viosys Co., Ltd. | Illumination system |
CN104774614A (zh) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-15 | 江苏师范大学 | 一种白光led用蓝色荧光粉及其制备方法 |
US9672459B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2017-06-06 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Chip card with integrated active components |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2010103522A (ja) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-05-06 | Seoul Opto Devices Co Ltd | 遅延蛍光体を備える交流駆動型の発光素子及び発光素子モジュール |
CN101705095B (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-08-10 | 四川新力光源有限公司 | 黄光余辉材料及其制备方法和使用它的led照明装置 |
WO2012145648A1 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-10-26 | Once Innovations, Inc. | Extended persistence and reduced flicker light sources |
US9250183B2 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2016-02-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Luminescent materials, articles incorporating luminescent materials, and methods for performing article authentication |
CN103059859A (zh) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-04-24 | 兰州大学 | 一种白色超长余辉发光材料及其制备方法 |
US9284485B2 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2016-03-15 | Rolex Sa | Persistent phosphorescent composite material |
US20230143322A1 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2023-05-11 | Ams-Osram International Gmbh | Method for detecting a spectrum, and spectroscopy assembly |
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EP0279032A2 (de) * | 1986-12-23 | 1988-08-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Mit einer äusseren Beleuchtung illuminierte Anzeigevorrichtung mit Farbänderung |
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-
2004
- 2004-03-12 WO PCT/DE2004/000505 patent/WO2004082032A2/de active Application Filing
- 2004-03-12 EP EP04719919A patent/EP1602134A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-12 JP JP2006504262A patent/JP2006521011A/ja active Pending
- 2004-03-12 US US10/546,051 patent/US7479732B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-12 KR KR1020057016993A patent/KR101100467B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-12 CN CNB2004800068441A patent/CN100479204C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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JP2006521011A (ja) | 2006-09-14 |
CN1762060A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
CN100479204C (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
KR101100467B1 (ko) | 2011-12-29 |
US20060164004A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
KR20050116375A (ko) | 2005-12-12 |
EP1602134A2 (de) | 2005-12-07 |
WO2004082032A3 (de) | 2005-06-02 |
US7479732B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
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