WO2004079442A1 - Procede de production d'une unite d'affichage d'images et unite d'affichage d'images - Google Patents

Procede de production d'une unite d'affichage d'images et unite d'affichage d'images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004079442A1
WO2004079442A1 PCT/JP2004/002860 JP2004002860W WO2004079442A1 WO 2004079442 A1 WO2004079442 A1 WO 2004079442A1 JP 2004002860 W JP2004002860 W JP 2004002860W WO 2004079442 A1 WO2004079442 A1 WO 2004079442A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image display
partition
particles
substrate
powder fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2004/002860
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Ryou Sakurai
Hidetoshi Hiraoka
Hajime Kitano
Taichi Kobayashi
Kazuyoshi Akuzawa
Hiroyuki Anzai
Original Assignee
Bridgestone Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bridgestone Corporation filed Critical Bridgestone Corporation
Priority to JP2005503140A priority Critical patent/JPWO2004079442A1/ja
Publication of WO2004079442A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004079442A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/1671—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect involving dry toners

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing an image display device including an image display plate capable of repeatedly displaying and erasing an image in accordance with the flying movement of a particle group or the movement of a powder fluid using electrostatic force.
  • an image display device that replaces the liquid crystal (LCD)
  • LCD liquid crystal
  • technologies such as an electrophoresis method, an electoric chromium method, a thermal method, and a two-color particle rotation method
  • These image display devices are considered as next-generation inexpensive display devices because of their advantages such as obtaining a wide viewing angle close to ordinary printed matter, low power consumption, and having a memory function as compared with LCDs. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to display for mobile terminals and electronic paper.
  • a dry image display device including an image display plate having one or more image display elements is known.
  • an image display element is formed by disposing a partition between a transparent substrate and a counter substrate.
  • the manufacturing method of dry type is not generally established, and particularly important particles, such as particles or powder fluid, are evenly and uniformly enclosed in a plurality of display cells separated by partition walls on the substrate.
  • Very few methods have been built. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of display cells 110 in a matrix arrangement are provided between a substrate 101 and a substrate (not shown) by a grid-shaped partition wall 104 provided on the substrate 101.
  • the particles or the liquid powder 103 are to be sealed in each display cell, there is a problem that the particles or the liquid powder 103 remain at the top of the partition wall 104.
  • particles or powder fluid adhering to the partition were usually removed, but there were the following problems.
  • the partition is arranged by positioning and arranging the partition between the transparent substrate and the counter substrate, and then applying a sealant to the corner of the substrate and the partition.
  • the bonding between the substrate and the partition wall has sufficient strength when using a glass substrate as the transparent substrate or the opposing substrate, but sufficient bonding strength when using another transparent resin or the like. There was no problem. Therefore, the outflow of particles or powder fluid could not be completely eliminated.
  • An object of the first invention of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to eliminate particles or liquid powder remaining on the partition walls, and to prevent a defect as a display element caused by the residual particles or liquid powder. It is an object of the present invention to provide a display device manufacturing method and an image display device.
  • an object of the second invention of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a method of manufacturing an image display device which is dry, has a high response speed, has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and has excellent stability.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an image display device which can maintain a high bonding strength with a substrate and does not allow particles or liquid powder to go out.
  • the method comprises the steps of enclosing particles or powder fluid between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and generating an electric field between the substrates to move the particles or powder fluid to display an image.
  • a method of manufacturing an image display device including a plurality of display cells separated by It is characterized in that a mask is installed on the upper surface of the partition wall when enclosing the particle group or the liquid powder in the cell separated by the wall.
  • a mask similar to the partition pattern is provided on the partition wall to provide a particle group or a powder fluid.
  • On the partition walls can be prevented.
  • a mask installed on the upper surface of the partition wall is made of a magnetic material, and the mask is fixed and adhered to the upper surface of the partition wall by magnetic force from the back of the substrate.
  • the projected area of the cell is 30 to 150%
  • the line width of the mask is 10 to 500% relative to the line width of the partition wall
  • the material of the mask is metal, alloy, metal An oxide, a polymer resin, or a mixture thereof
  • the average particle diameter of the particles is 0.1 to 50 m
  • the surface charge density of the particles is 5 to 150 CZm 2 in absolute value.
  • the volume occupancy of the particles filled between the substrates is in the range of 5 to 7 O vol%. In any case, the present invention can be more suitably implemented.
  • the positioning and fixing of the mask to the upper surface of the partition should be further improved.
  • the substrate having the cells separated by the partition walls is a substrate with electrodes
  • the particles or the powder fluid can be more preferably filled in the cells.
  • the conductivity of the electrode attached to the substrate is involved.
  • the method for manufacturing an image display device includes the steps of: enclosing a particle group or a powder fluid between a transparent substrate and a counter substrate; Or display the image by moving the powder fluid, separated from each other by the partition
  • a method for manufacturing an image display device comprising an image display panel having one or more image display elements, wherein a partition is formed on one of the transparent substrate and the counter substrate, and the partition is separated by the partition.
  • the space constituting the image display element is filled with particles or powdered fluid, and unnecessary particles or powdered fluid remaining on the partition are removed, and the partition on the surface of the other of the transparent substrate and the counter substrate is removed.
  • An adhesive is screen-printed at opposing positions, and the partition and the other substrate are joined via the adhesive to obtain an image display panel.
  • a particle group or a powder fluid is sealed between a transparent substrate and a counter substrate, and an electric field is applied to the particle group or the powder fluid.
  • a method of manufacturing an image display device comprising: an image display panel having one or more image display elements separated from each other by partition walls to display an image by giving particles or powder fluid to the transparent substrate.
  • a partition is formed on one of the opposing substrates, and the particles or the powder fluid are filled in the space constituting the image display element isolated by the partition while leaving the particles or the powder at the tip of the partition.
  • An adhesive is screen-printed on the surface of the other substrate of the transparent substrate and the opposing substrate, at a position facing the partition, and the partition and the other substrate are particles or powder remaining at the tip of the adhesive and the partition.
  • the method includes enclosing particles or powder fluid between a transparent substrate and a counter substrate, and applying an electric field to the particles or powder fluid.
  • a method for manufacturing an image display device including an image display panel having one or more image display elements separated from each other by partition walls to display an image by moving particles or powdery fluid.
  • a partition is formed on one of the opposing substrates, an adhesive is screen-printed on the tip of the partition, the screen-printed adhesive is semi-hardened, and particles are formed in the space constituting the image display element separated by the partition.
  • a group or powder fluid is filled, unnecessary particles or powder remaining on the semi-cured adhesive on the partition are removed, and the partition and the other of the transparent substrate and the counter substrate are semi-cured.
  • the particles or the fluid are joined by an adhesive to obtain an image display panel.
  • the adhesive is applied by screen printing so that the adhesive can be applied only between the partition and the substrate.
  • the adhesive after the screen printing is conventionally made of a fluid by eliminating the tackiness by semi-curing the adhesive after the screen printing of the adhesive. The problem of entrapment of particles or powdered fluid after screen printing or removal of particles or powdered fluid on the partition walls, which had occurred due to the And removal of particles or powder fluid on the partition walls.
  • the average particle diameter of the particles is 0.1 to 50 m, and the same carrier is used.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the surface charge density is 5 C Zm 2 ⁇ l 5 0 Roh m 2, particles, the distance between the surface and 1 mm
  • the maximum value of the surface potential after 0.3 seconds is less than 300 V. Large particles, and the color of the particles is white and black.
  • the method for manufacturing an image display device of the present invention can be more suitably implemented.
  • the apparent volume of the powder fluid at the time of maximum floating is twice or more as large as that at the time of non-floating.
  • fluid The time change of the apparent volume that satisfies the following equation, V 1 () / V 5 > 0. 8,
  • the average particle diameter d (0.5) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is from 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the method for manufacturing an image display device of the present invention can be more suitably performed.
  • the distance between the transparent substrate and the opposing substrate is reduced.
  • a sealant is applied to the outermost periphery of the substrate to make the atmosphere uniform, and a circuit for displaying an image is connected to the electrodes to form a module.
  • the circuit used for displaying an image can be modularized, which is preferable.
  • the image display device of the present invention is characterized in that it is manufactured according to the above-described method for manufacturing an image display device.
  • 1 (a) to 1 (c) are diagrams each showing an example of the configuration of an image display element of an image display plate constituting an image display device of the present invention and its display driving principle.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a method for filling a particle group or a powder fluid in the method for manufacturing an image display device according to the first invention of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing another example of a method of filling a particle group or a powder fluid in the method for manufacturing an image display device according to the first invention of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing shapes of a partition wall and a mask formed on a substrate used in the embodiment according to the first invention of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the point of screen printing in the second invention of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6 (a) and (b) show the screen of the adhesive according to the second invention of the present invention, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of printing.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing an image display device according to the second invention (first embodiment) of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams for explaining one example of a method for manufacturing an image display device according to the second invention (second embodiment) of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 9A to 9D are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing an image display device according to the second invention (third embodiment) of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a view for explaining an example of a measuring device for measuring the surface potential of particles in the second invention of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of filling a particle group or a powder fluid in a conventional method for manufacturing an image display device.
  • 1 (a) to 1 (c) are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of an image display element of an image display panel constituting an image display device of the present invention, and the display driving principle.
  • 1 is a transparent substrate
  • 2 is a counter substrate
  • 3 is a display electrode
  • 4 is a counter electrode
  • 5 is negatively chargeable particles (or powder fluid)
  • 6 is positively chargeable.
  • Particles (or powder fluid) and 7 are partition walls.
  • the display surface viewed from the transparent substrate 1 side looks like the color of the positively chargeable particles (or powder fluid) 6.
  • the potential is switched so that the display electrode 3 side has a high potential and the counter electrode 4 side has a low potential.
  • the negatively charged particles (or powder fluid) 5 move toward the display electrode 3 due to the Coulomb force, and the positively charged particles (or powder fluid) 6 Moves to the counter electrode 4 side.
  • the display surface viewed from the transparent substrate 1 side looks like the color of the negatively-chargeable particles (or powder fluid) 6. .
  • the display can be repeated by simply inverting the power supply potential. In this way, the color can be reversibly changed by reversing the power supply potential. it can.
  • the color of the particles or powder fluid can be chosen arbitrarily. For example, the negatively-chargeable particles (or powdery fluid) 5 are white and the positively-chargeable particles (or powdery fluid) 6 are black, or the negatively-chargeable particles (or powdery fluid) 5 are black, and the positively-chargeable particles are If (6) is white, the display is reversible between white and black. In this method, since each particle group or powder fluid is once adhered to the substrate by a mirror image, the display image is retained for a long time even after the power is turned off, and the memory retention is good.
  • the response speed of image display is high, and the response speed can be reduced to lmsec or less.
  • an alignment film, a polarizing plate, and the like are not required, and the structure is simple, and low cost and large area are possible. It is stable against temperature changes and can be used from low to high temperatures. In addition, there is no viewing angle, high reflectivity, and it is easy to see even in bright reflective areas and consumes low power. It has a memory function and does not consume power when storing images.
  • FIG. 2 is a view for explaining an example of the method for manufacturing an image display device according to the first invention of the present invention.
  • a plurality of display cells 20 in a matrix arrangement are formed by lattice-shaped partition walls 14 provided on a substrate 11 between two opposing substrates, and each display cell 20 has particles or powdery fluid. 1 3 is enclosed from the particle or powder fluid spray device 2 1 by the free fall method.
  • a feature of the first invention of the present invention is that a mask 22 is provided on the upper surface of the partition wall 14. The installation of the mask 2 2 on the upper surface of the partition 1 4 It can be simply positioned and placed, and when positioned and placed, it can be temporarily fixed with an adhesive that can be easily peeled off after use.
  • the mask 22 has an opening 22 a substantially corresponding to the opening of the display cell 20.
  • the opening 22 a of the mask 22 is preferably 30% to 150% with respect to the projected area of the display cell 20 (same as the area of the opening), and the line width 22 2 b is preferably 10 to 500% with respect to the line width of the partition wall 14. Further, the opening 22 a is more preferably 50% to 120% with respect to the projected area of the display cell 20, and the line width 22 b is 50% to 50% with respect to the line width of the partition wall 14. More preferably, it is 300%.
  • any material can be used as long as it has a certain strength and ease of processing, but a metal, an alloy, a metal oxide, a polymer resin, or a mixture thereof is used. It is preferred to use
  • the opening 22a of the mask 22 can be processed by an etching method, an additive method, or the like.
  • the particles or the powdered liquid 13 are enclosed in each display cell 20 from the particle or powdered liquid spraying device 21 by the free fall method.
  • the particles or liquid powder 13 fall and remain on the mask 22, after the encapsulation is completed, by removing the mask 22, the particles or liquid powder 13 can be removed from the upper surface of the partition wall 14. There is no residue.
  • FIG. 3 is a view for explaining another example of the method for manufacturing an image display device according to the first invention of the present invention.
  • the same members as those in the example shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
  • the difference between the example shown in FIG. 3 and the example shown in FIG. 2 is that the mask 22 is made of a magnetic material, the magnet 23 is provided on the back of the substrate 11, and the mask 22 is applied by magnetic force from the back of the substrate. This is a point fixed and adhered to the upper surface of the partition wall 14.
  • the mask 22 can be positioned and firmly fixed and adhered to the upper surface of the partition wall 14, so that the displacement of the mask 22 can be reduced as compared with the example shown in FIG. More effectively prevent the particles or powder fluid 13 from remaining on the upper surface of the partition wall 14. Can be passed.
  • the feature of the method for manufacturing an image display device according to the second invention of the present invention is that, in manufacturing the image display device having the above-described configuration shown in FIG. 1, the partition 7 forming the image display element and the transparent substrate 1 or the opposite substrate The point is that the joining method with 2 has been improved.
  • a substrate on which an adhesive is to be printed for example, a transparent substrate 1 is placed on a base 31 as an example, and a stainless steel mesh or a polystyrene mesh on which a partition pattern can be printed.
  • the adhesive 34 is extruded from above using a scraper 33 through a plate making 32 made of the adhesive or the like, so that the adhesive 34 is applied and transferred onto the transparent substrate 1.
  • the partition 7 on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 Adhesives 34 can be screen printed at opposing positions.
  • the adhesive is screen-printed on the transparent substrate 1.However, when the partition 7 is provided on the transparent substrate 1 in advance, when the adhesive 34 is screen-printed on the counter substrate 2, Also, when the adhesive 34 is screen-printed on the tip of the partition 7, screen printing can be performed in the same manner as in the above-described example.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing an image display device according to the second invention (first embodiment) of the present invention.
  • a partition 7 is formed in a predetermined pattern on one of the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, here the transparent substrate 1, and an image separated by the partition 7 is formed.
  • Display element 4 1 The space formed is filled with a particle group 42 composed of a black particle group 42 B and a white particle group 42 W having different charging characteristics.
  • a method of filling the particle group 42 a method of dispersing the particle group 42 on the opposing substrate 2 using gravity or air current, a method of flying the particle group 42 using charging, and the like are used. be able to.
  • the unnecessary particle groups 42 remaining on the partition walls 7 are removed to prepare a particle-enclosed substrate shown in FIG. 7A.
  • a method for removing the particle groups 42 use a method using an adhesive port, a method using an electric force, or a method using an air current to blow off unnecessary groups 42. be able to.
  • an adhesive 34 is screen-printed on the other of the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, in this case, on the surface of the counter substrate 2, at a position facing the partition 7. I do.
  • the partition wall 7 and the other substrate, here, the opposite substrate 2 are joined via an adhesive 34. Thereafter, the adhesive 34 is cured, so that an image display panel can be obtained.
  • the application of the adhesive 34 is performed by screen printing, so that the partition 7 and the opposing substrate 2 can be bonded to each other.
  • the adhesive 34 can be applied only between the gaps, so that the deterioration of the element characteristics caused by applying the adhesive 34 to the display surface of the substrate can be eliminated, and the display characteristics are not adversely affected.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams for explaining one example of a method for manufacturing an image display device according to the second invention (second embodiment) of the present invention.
  • a partition 7 is formed in a predetermined pattern on one of the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, here, the transparent substrate 1, and an image separated by the partition 7 is formed.
  • the space constituting the display element 41 is filled with a particle group 42 composed of a black particle group 42 B and a white particle group 42 W having mutually different charging characteristics.
  • an adhesive 34 is screen-printed on the other of the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, in this case, on the surface of the counter substrate 2, at a position facing the partition 7. I do.
  • the partition wall 7 and the other substrate, here, the opposing substrate 2 are joined via the adhesive 34 and the particle group 42. Thereafter, the adhesive 34 is cured, whereby an image display panel can be obtained.
  • the application of the adhesive 34 is performed by screen printing.
  • the adhesive 34 can be applied only between the partition wall 7 and the opposing substrate 2, so that the deterioration of the element characteristics caused by applying the adhesive 34 to the display surface of the substrate can be eliminated, and the display characteristics are adversely affected. I will not give.
  • the gas generated when the adhesive is cured can be generated inside the image display element. Enclosed and pressurized state can be prevented.
  • FIGS. 9A to 9D are diagrams for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing an image display device according to the second invention (third embodiment) of the present invention.
  • a partition 7 is formed in a predetermined pattern on one of the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, in this case, the transparent substrate 1. 3 Print 4 on screen.
  • the adhesive 34 provided at the tip of the partition 7 is semi-cured.
  • the adhesive 34 loses its tackiness, but has sufficient tackiness for fixing to the substrate.
  • the semi-rigid bonding of the adhesive 34 can be performed by applying ultraviolet (UV) or heat to the adhesive 34 for a predetermined time according to its properties.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • a black particle group 4 2B and a white particle group 4 2W having different charging characteristics are provided in the space constituting the image display element 41 separated by the partition wall 7.
  • the particle group 42 consisting of Thereafter, the unnecessary particle groups 42 remaining on the partition walls 7 are removed to prepare a particle-enclosed substrate shown in FIG. 9 (c).
  • the partition wall 7 and the other substrate, here, the opposite substrate 2 are bonded via an adhesive 34. Thereafter, the adhesive 34 is cured, so that an image display panel can be obtained.
  • the application of the adhesive 34 is performed by screen printing.
  • the adhesive 14 can be applied only between the partition 7 and the opposing substrate 2, and the deterioration of the element characteristics caused by applying the adhesive 14 to the display surface of the substrate can be eliminated, and the display characteristics are adversely affected. I will not give.
  • the adhesive is screen-printed, and the adhesive is semi-cured to eliminate the tackiness.
  • the partition and the other substrate are fixed with an adhesive as described above, the outermost peripheral portion of the substrate is formed in order to make the atmosphere between the transparent substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 uniform. It is also possible to apply a sealant and connect a circuit for displaying an image to the electrodes to form a module. This case is preferable because a circuit used for displaying an image can be modularized.
  • the method for manufacturing an image display device using the particle group according to the second invention has been described with reference to the first to third embodiments, but the method for manufacturing an image display device using a powder fluid according to the second invention has been described.
  • the image display device can be manufactured in accordance with the same first to third embodiments by merely replacing the particle group with the powder fluid.
  • the particle group used for display in the image display device of the present invention may be any of negatively or positively charged colored particles, which can fly and move by Coulomb force, but is particularly spherical and has a low specific gravity. Particle groups are preferred.
  • the particle group is of a single color, and a white or black particle group is preferably used.
  • the average particle diameter of the particle group is preferably from 0.1 to 50 m, particularly preferably from! To 30.m. If the average particle size is smaller than this range, the charge density of the particles is too large and the image force on the electrodes and the substrate is too strong, and the memory is good, but the followability when the electric field is reversed is poor. On the other hand, if the average particle size is larger than this range, the followability is good, but the memory property is poor.
  • the method for charging the particles negatively or positively is not particularly limited, and a method for charging the particles such as a corona discharge method, an electrode injection method, and a friction method is used.
  • the charge amount of particles naturally depends on the measurement conditions, but the charge amount of particles in an image display device almost depends on the initial charge amount, contact with the substrate, contact with different types of particles, and charge decay with time.
  • the "contact with different types of particles” that is, the saturation value of the charging behavior associated with the contact between two particles is the dominant factor. Therefore, it is important to know the difference in charging characteristics between the two particles, that is, the difference in work function, in terms of the charged amount, but this is difficult with simple measurement.
  • the present inventors have found that they can be relatively evaluated by measuring the charge amount of each particle using the same carrier in the professional-off method, and by defining this by the surface charge density, It has been found that the charge amount of particles suitable for an image display device can be predicted.
  • the charge amount per unit weight of the particles can be measured by bringing the particles into sufficient contact with the carrier particles by a blow-off method and measuring the saturation charge amount. Then, the surface charge density of the particles can be calculated by separately calculating the particle diameter and the specific gravity of the particles.
  • the particle size of the particles used is small, and there is almost no effect of gravity. Because it is small enough to be visible, the specific gravity of the particles has no effect on the movement of the particles. However, in terms of the charge amount of the particles, even if the average charge amount per unit weight is the same for particles having the same particle diameter, the charge amount retained when the specific gravity of the particles is twice different will be twice as different. . Therefore, it was found that it is preferable to evaluate the charging characteristics of the particles used in the image display device based on the surface charge density (unit: ii C / m 2 ) irrespective of the specific gravity of the particles.
  • the two types of particles When there is a sufficient difference in the surface charge density between the particles, the two types of particles maintain different amounts of charge by contact with each other, and retain the function of moving by an electric field.
  • the surface charge density needs a certain difference in order to make the charging polarity of the two particles different, but it is not that the larger the larger, the better.
  • the electric image force tends to mainly determine the flying electric field (voltage) of the particle.
  • the particle diameter of the particles is small, non-electrical forces such as intermolecular force and liquid bridging force often determine the flying electric field (voltage). Therefore, the higher the charge amount, the better.
  • this greatly depends on the surface properties (material 'shape) of the particles it cannot be specified unconditionally by the particle diameter and the charge amount.
  • the present inventors have found that for particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 50 m, the absolute value of the difference between the surface charge densities of the two types of particles measured by the blow-off method using the same carrier is 5 to 15. It has been found that particles of O i CZm 2 can be used as an image display device.
  • the blow-off measurement principle and method are as follows.
  • a mixture of powder and carrier is placed in a cylindrical container having nets at both ends, high-pressure gas is blown from one end to separate the powder and carrier, and only the powder is passed through the mesh opening.
  • the opposite amount of charge is equivalent to the charge amount that the powder has taken out of the container.
  • a TB-200 manufactured by Toshiba Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as a professional-off powder charge amount measuring device.
  • F963-2535 manufactured by Powdertech Co., Ltd. was used as a carrier, and the charge density per unit surface area (unit: nC / m 2 ) was measured in each case.
  • insulating particles having a volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more are preferable, and insulating particles having a volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more are particularly preferable.
  • the particles in the image display device of the present invention are more preferably particles having a slow charge decay property evaluated by the method described below. That is, the particles are separately formed into a film with a thickness of 5 to 100 m by pressing, heating, melting, casting, etc., and a voltage of 8 KV is applied to a corona discharger arranged at a distance of 1 mm from the film surface. When applied, a corona discharge is generated to charge the surface, and the change in the surface potential is measured and judged. In this case, it is desirable to select and prepare the particle constituting material such that the maximum value of the surface potential after 0.3 seconds is higher than 300 V, preferably higher than 400 V.
  • the measurement of the surface potential can be performed, for example, by an apparatus shown in FIG. 10 (CRT 2000 manufactured by QEA).
  • CRT 2000 manufactured by QEA
  • a measuring unit in which both ends of a roll shaft on which the above-described film is arranged on the surface is held by a chuck 51 and a small scorotron discharger 52 and a surface voltmeter 53 are separated by a predetermined distance and provided together. Is placed opposite to the surface of the film with a distance of lmm, and the measurement unit is moved at a constant speed from one end of the roll shaft to the other end while the roll shaft is stationary.
  • a method of measuring the surface potential while applying a charge is preferably employed.
  • the measurement environment is temperature 25 ⁇ 3T, humidity 55 ⁇ 5R. H%.
  • the particles in the image display device of the present invention may be made of any material as long as characteristics such as charging performance are satisfied.
  • it can be formed from a resin, a charge control agent, a colorant, an inorganic additive, or the like, or a colorant alone.
  • resins include urethane resin, urea resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, acryl urethane resin, acryl urethane silicone resin .. acryl urethane fluoro resin, acryl fluoro resin, silicone resin, acryl silicone resin, epoxy resin , Polystyrene resin, styrene acrylic resin, polyolefin resin, butyral resin, vinylidene chloride resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, fluororesin, polycarbonate resin, polysulfone resin, polyether resin, polyamide resin, etc.
  • acrylic silicone resin acrylic fluororesin, acrylic urethane silicone resin, acrylic urethane fluororesin, fluororesin, silicone Tree butter is a suitable. Two or more kinds can be mixed.
  • the charge control agent is not particularly limited, but examples of the charge control agent include metal complexes of salicylic acid, metal-containing azo dyes, metal-containing (including metal ions and metal atoms) oil-soluble dyes, and quaternary. Examples include an ammonium salt-based compound, a liquixallene compound, a boron-containing compound (boron benzyl complex), and a nitroimidazole derivative. Examples of the positive charge control agent include a nig mouth dye, a triphenylmethane compound, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, a polyamine resin, and an imidazole derivative.
  • metal oxides such as ultrafine silica, ultrafine titanium oxide, and ultrafine alumina, nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds such as pyridine and derivatives and salts thereof, various organic pigments, and resins containing fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen, etc. It can also be used as a charge control agent.
  • the coloring agent various kinds of organic or inorganic pigments and dyes as shown below can be used.
  • Black pigments include carbon black, copper oxide, and manganese dioxide. Racks, activated carbon, etc.
  • Yellow pigments include yellow lead, zinc yellow, cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, mineral fast yellow, nickel titanium yellow, .Navel yellow, Naphthol yellow S, Hansa yellow G, Hansa yellow 10G, Benzijin yellow G , Benzijin Yellow GR, Quinoline Yellow Lake, Permanent Yellow NCG, Tartrazine Lake etc.
  • orange pigments examples include red lead, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, balkan orange, induslen brilliant orange RK :, benzidine orange G, and induslen brilliant orange GK.
  • Red pigments include Bengala, Cadmium Red, Lead Tan, Mercury Sulfide, Power Dummy, Permanent Red 4R, Lithor Red, Pyrazolone Red, Watchon Gread, Calcium Salt, Lake Red D, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Eosin Lake, and Rhodamine. Rake B, Arizarin Lake, Brilliant Power Ichimin 3B, etc.
  • purple pigments examples include manganese purple, first violet B, and methyl violet lake.
  • Blue pigments include navy blue, cobalt blue, alkali blue lake, Victoria blue lake, phthalocyanine blue, metal-free phthalocyanine blue, fluorinated cyanine blue partially chlorinated product, Fast Sky Blue, Indus Remble Blue, and the like.
  • Green pigments include chrome green, chromium oxide, pigment green B, malachite green lake, and final yellow green G.
  • white pigments examples include zinc white, titanium oxide, antimony white, and zinc sulfide.
  • various dyes such as basic, acidic, disperse, and direct dyes, such as Nigguchi Shin, Methylenble, Rose Bengal, Quinoline Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, etc.
  • colorants can be used alone or in combination.
  • car pump racks are preferred as the black colorant, and titanium oxide is preferred as the white colorant.
  • the production example of the particles is not particularly limited, but for example, a kneading Z pulverization method and a polymerization method according to the production of electrophotographic toner can be used.
  • a method of coating the surface of the inorganic or organic pigment powder with a resin, a charge control agent, or the like is also used.
  • the distance between the transparent substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 in the image display device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the particles can fly and move, and the contrast can be maintained, but it is usually 10 to 500 m, preferably 30 to 500 m. Adjusted to m.
  • the particle filling amount (volume occupancy) is preferably such that the volume occupies 5 to 70%, preferably 5 to 60% of the space volume between the substrates.
  • the water absorption of the resin constituting the particles sealed between the substrates is preferably 3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less.
  • the water absorption is measured according to ASTM D570, and the measurement conditions are 24 hours at 23 ° C. '
  • the solvent insolubility of the particles represented by the following relational expression is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more.
  • the solvent insolubility is less than 50%, bleeding occurs on the particle surface during long-term storage. However, this may affect the adhesion to the particles and hinder the movement of the particles, which may affect the durability of image display.
  • Solvents (good solvents) used for measuring the solvent insolubility ratio include methyl ethyl ketone and the like for fluororesin, methanol and the like for polyamide resin JI, methyl ethyl ketone and toluene for acryl urethane resin, and melamine. Acetone and isopropanol are preferred for resins, and toluene is preferred for silicone resins.
  • the particles are preferably spherical and have a uniform particle diameter.
  • Span should be less than 5, preferably less than 3.
  • d (0.5) is the numerical value of the particle diameter expressed as zm that 50% of the particles are larger than 50% and smaller than 50%
  • d (0.1) is the ratio of particles smaller than 10%
  • % (M) is a numerical value representing the particle diameter at which 90% of the particles are 90% or less.
  • the ratio of d (0.5) of the particle having the smallest diameter to d (0.5) of the particle having the largest diameter is 50 or less, preferably 1 It is important that the value be 0 or less.
  • the particles having different charging characteristics move closer to each other, so that the particle sizes are close to each other and the particles can easily move. Is in this range.
  • the above particle size distribution and particle size can be determined by laser diffraction Z scattering method or the like.
  • a laser beam is applied to the particles to be measured, a spatial light intensity distribution pattern of diffracted / scattered light is generated. Since this light intensity pattern has a correspondence with the particle size, the particle size and the particle size are determined.
  • the distribution can be measured.
  • the particle size and the particle size distribution in the present invention are obtained from a volume-based distribution. Specifically, particles were injected into a nitrogen gas flow using a Masters zer2000 (Malvern Instruments 2000), and the attached analysis software (based on volume-based distribution using Mie theory) was used. The measurement of the particle size and the particle size distribution can be carried out in the software.
  • the “powder fluid” in the present invention is a substance in an intermediate state between a fluid and a particle which exhibits fluidity by itself without using the power of gas or liquid.
  • a liquid crystal is defined as an intermediate phase between a liquid and a solid, and has fluidity, which is a characteristic of liquid, and anisotropy (optical properties), which is a characteristic of solid (Heibonsha: Encyclopedia) ).
  • anisotropy optical properties
  • the definition of a particle is an object having a finite mass, even if it is negligible, and is said to be affected by gravity (Maruzen: Encyclopedia of Physics).
  • the particles also have a special state of gas-solid fluidized bed or liquid-solid fluid, and when gas flows from the bottom plate to the particles, an upward force acts on the particles corresponding to the velocity of the gas, When this force balances with gravity, a material that can easily flow like a fluid is called a gas-solid fluidized bed, and a fluidized fluid is also called a liquid-solid fluid. Yes (Heijinsha: Encyclopedia).
  • a gas-solid fluidized bed or a liquid-solid fluid is in a state utilizing gas or liquid flow.
  • the powder fluid in the present invention is an intermediate state having both the characteristics of particles and liquid, as in the definition of liquid crystal (intermediate phase between liquid and solid), and is the gravity of the particles described above. It is a substance that is extremely hard to be affected by water and shows a unique state of high fluidity. Such a substance can be obtained in an aerosol state, that is, a dispersion system in which a solid or liquid substance is stably suspended in a gas as a dispersoid, and the solid substance is dispersed in the image display panel of the present invention. It is assumed that.
  • Such powder fluid can be easily and stably moved by Coulomb force or the like when a low voltage is applied.
  • powder fluid is a substance in the middle of both fluids and particles that exhibits fluidity without using the power of gas or liquid.
  • This powder fluid can be made particularly in an aerosol state, and the image display panel of the present invention is used in a state where a solid substance is relatively stably suspended in a gas as a dispersoid.
  • the range of the state of the aerosol is preferably twice or more, more preferably 2.5 times or more, particularly preferably 3 times or more, the apparent volume of the powder fluid at the time of maximum suspension.
  • the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 12 times or less.
  • the apparent volume at the time of the maximum suspension of the powder fluid is smaller than twice that of the non-floating state, it will be difficult to control the display.If it is larger than 12 times, the powder fluid will be missed when it is sealed in the device. Inconvenience in handling such as occurs.
  • the apparent volume at maximum suspension is measured as follows. That is, a powder fluid is placed in a closed container through which the powder fluid can be seen, and the container itself is vibrated or dropped to create a maximum floating state, and the apparent volume at that time is measured from the outside of the container.
  • the volume equivalent to 1 Z5 as a powder fluid when not suspended set the container on a shaker, and shake at a distance of 6 cm at 3 reciprocations / sec for 3 hours.
  • the apparent volume immediately after stopping shaking is the apparent volume at the time of maximum suspension.
  • the temporal change of the apparent volume of the powder fluid satisfies the following expression.
  • V 5 indicates the apparent volume of 5 minutes after the maximum floating (cm 3)
  • V 1 0 is the apparent volume of 1 0 minutes after the maximum floating (cm 3).
  • the image display panel of the present invention It is preferable that the time change of the apparent volume of the powder fluid over time V 1Q ZV 5 is larger than 0.85, particularly preferably larger than 0.9.
  • V 10 ZV 5 is 0.8 or less, it is the same as the case using ordinary so-called particles, and it is no longer possible to secure the high-speed response and durability effects as in the present invention.
  • the average particle diameter (d (0.5)) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is preferably 0.1 to 20 m, more preferably 0.5 to 15 m, and particularly preferably 0.9 to 8 m. If it is less than 0.1 m, it will be difficult to control the display. If it is more than 20 m, it will be possible to display, but the concealment rate will decrease and it will be difficult to make the device thinner.
  • the average particle size (d (0.5)) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is the same as d (0.5) in the following particle size distribution Span.
  • the particle material constituting the powder fluid preferably has a particle size distribution Span represented by the following formula of less than 5, more preferably less than 3.
  • Particle size distribution Span (d (0.9) -d (0.1)) / d (0.5) where d (0.5) is 50% of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid A numerical value that expresses the particle diameter in m that is large and 50% is smaller than this, and d (0.1) is a number that expresses the particle diameter in m where the ratio of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid below 10% is 10%.
  • d (0.9) is the numerical value of the particle diameter at which 90% of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid below this is expressed in m.
  • the above-described particle size distribution and particle size can be obtained by a laser single diffraction Z scattering method or the like.
  • a laser beam is applied to the powder fluid to be measured, a light intensity distribution pattern of spatially diffracted Z scattered light is generated, and since this light intensity pattern has a correspondence with the particle size, the particle size distribution and the particle size distribution Can be measured.
  • the particle size and the particle size distribution are obtained from a volume-based distribution. Specifically, using a Mastersizer2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd.) measuring instrument, charge the powder fluid into a nitrogen stream and use the attached analysis software (software based on volume-based distribution using Mie theory). Perform the measurement be able to.
  • Mastersizer2000 Malvern Instruments Ltd.
  • Powder fluids are produced by kneading and kneading the necessary resins, charge control agents, colorants, and other additives, or polymerizing from monomers, and converting existing particles into resin, charge control agents, colorants, It may be coated with other additives.
  • the resin, charge control agent, colorant, and other additives constituting the powder fluid will be exemplified.
  • resins include:-urethane resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane-modified acrylic resin, silicone resin, nylon resin, epoxy resin, styrene resin, butyral resin, pinylidene chloride resin, melamine resin, pheno Acryl resin, fluorine resin, etc., and two or more kinds can be mixed. Particularly, in order to control the adhesion to the substrate, acrylic urethane resin, acrylic urethane silicone resin, acrylic urethane fluoro resin, urethane resin, Fluororesins are preferred.
  • Examples of the charge control agent include a quaternary ammonium salt-based compound, a Nigguchi syn dye, a triphenylmethane-based compound, and an imidazole derivative in the case of applying a positive charge.
  • Examples thereof include metal-containing azo dyes, metal salicylate complexes, and nitridazole imidazole derivatives.
  • coloring agent examples include dyes such as basic and acidic dyes, and examples thereof include Nigguchi Shin, Methylene Blue, Quinoline Yellow, Rose Bengal and the like.
  • inorganic additives include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, calcium carbonate, lead white, talc, silica, calcium gayate, alumina white, cadmium yellow, cadmium red, cadmium orange, and titanium yellow. I, navy blue, ultramarine, cobalt blue, cobalt green, cobalt violet
  • Iron oxide Iron oxide, power pump rack, manganese ferrite black, conoretoferrite black, copper powder, aluminum powder and the like.
  • colorants and inorganic additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • carbon black is preferable as the black colorant
  • titanium oxide is preferable as the white colorant.
  • a powder fluid showing an aerosol state cannot be produced. It is not clear how the powdered fluid that shows the aerosol state is determined, but the following is an example. First, it is appropriate to fix inorganic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 20 to 100 nm, preferably 20 to 80 nm on the surface of the particle material constituting the powder fluid. It is appropriate that the inorganic fine particles are composed of two or more types of fine particles.
  • the inorganic fine particles are treated with silicone oil.
  • examples of the inorganic fine particles include silicon dioxide (silica), zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide. It is important to fix the inorganic fine particles. For example, using a method such as Hachi Ibariza (Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) or Mechanofusion (Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.) (For example, processing time), a powder fluid showing an aerosol state can be produced.
  • the stability of the resin constituting the powder fluid particularly the water absorption and the solvent insolubility.
  • the water absorption of the resin constituting the powder fluid sealed between the sheets is preferably 3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less.
  • the water absorption was measured according to ASTM-D570, and the measurement conditions were 23 to 24 hours.
  • the solvent insolubility of the resin constituting the powder fluid represented by the following relational expression is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more.
  • the solvent (good solvent) ) Include methyl ethyl ketone and the like for fluorine resin, methanol and the like for polyamide resin, methyl ethyl ketone and toluene for acrylic urethane resin, acetone and isopropanol for melamine resin, toluene and the like for silicone resin. It is good.
  • the transparent substrate 1 is a substrate from which the color of the particle group or the powder fluid can be confirmed from the outside of the apparatus, and a material having high visible light transmittance and good heat resistance is preferable.
  • the presence or absence of flexibility is appropriately selected depending on the application.For example, it is possible to use flexible materials for applications such as electronic vapor, and to display mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and notebook computers. Non-flexible materials are used.
  • the substrate material examples include polymer sheets such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, and polycarbonate, and inorganic sheets such as glass and quartz.
  • the thickness of the substrate is preferably 2 to 110 mm, preferably 5 to 700 / m. If it is too thin, it is difficult to maintain strength and uniformity between the substrates, and if it is too thick, it will serve as a display function. The sharpness and contrast of the image decrease, and the film lacks flexibility, especially for electronic paper.
  • An electrode may be provided on the substrate as needed.
  • an electrostatic latent image is applied to the outer surface of the substrate, and an electric field generated according to the electrostatic latent image is used to remove the charged colored particles or powder having predetermined characteristics.
  • an electric field generated according to the electrostatic latent image is used to remove the charged colored particles or powder having predetermined characteristics.
  • the particles or powder fluid arranged corresponding to the electrode potential are visually recognized from the outside of the display device through the transparent substrate.
  • the formation of the electrostatic latent image is performed by transferring an electrostatic latent image, which is performed by a normal electrophotographic system using an electrophotographic photosensitive member, onto a substrate of the image display device of the present invention. To form an electrostatic latent image directly on a substrate.
  • an electrode When an electrode is provided on the substrate, by applying an external voltage to the electrode site, an electric field generated at each electrode position on the substrate attracts or repels a particle group or powder fluid of a color charged to a predetermined characteristic by a predetermined characteristic.
  • a group of particles or powder fluid arranged corresponding to an electrostatic latent image is visually recognized from the outside of the display device through a transparent substrate.
  • the electrode provided on the transparent substrate side is formed of a transparent and patternable conductive material, and examples thereof include metals such as indium oxide and aluminum, and conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene.
  • a forming technique such as vacuum deposition or coating can be exemplified.
  • the thickness of the electrode may be 3 to 100 nm, preferably 5 to 400 nm, as long as the conductivity can be ensured and the light transmittance is not hindered.
  • the electrodes provided on the rear substrate side are formed of a conductive material that does not need to be transparent and can be formed into a pattern.
  • a conductive material that does not need to be transparent and can be formed into a pattern.
  • metals such as indium oxide, aluminum, gold, silver, and copper, polyaniline, and polypyroline
  • conductive polymers such as polythiophene, and examples thereof include formation techniques such as vacuum deposition and coating.
  • the thickness of the electrode may be 3 to 100 nm, preferably 5 to 400 nm, as long as the conductivity can be ensured and the light transmittance is not hindered.
  • DC or AC may be superimposed on the external voltage input.
  • the shape of the partition wall 7 according to the present invention is optimally set as appropriate according to the size of the particles involved in the display or the size of the liquid powder, and is not particularly limited, but the width of the partition wall is 2 to 100 m, preferably 3 to 5 m.
  • the height of the partition is adjusted to 2 to 500 m, preferably 5 to 500 m.
  • the display cells formed by these rib-shaped partitions are, for example, rectangular, triangular, line-shaped, circular, or hexagonal as viewed from the plane of the substrate, and are arranged in a grid or honeycomb shape.
  • the part (area of the frame part of the display cell) corresponding to the cross section of the partition seen from the display side is It is better to make it as small as possible, and the sharpness of the image display will increase.
  • an example of a method for forming the partition wall 7 is a screen printing method.
  • an image display device to which the present invention is applied was manufactured and evaluated.
  • a dry film resist is attached to a 50-m-thick substrate made of SUS430 and SUS340, a predetermined pattern is exposed, developed, and etched, and various openings and lines are formed as shown in Fig. 4.
  • a mask having a width was obtained.
  • SUS430 is a magnetic material.
  • FIG. 4 also shows the shape of the partition wall. The description in FIG. 4 shows only one display cell.
  • a substrate with a pattern electrode was obtained by applying a dry film resist to indium oxide glass having a thickness of about 50 OA and exposing, developing, and etching through a positive mask of various electrode patterns.
  • a dry film resist of 50 m was attached on the substrate with electrodes prepared as described above, and exposed to development through a negative mask of a partition pattern having a display cell of 500 mD and a partition width of 50.
  • a grid-like partition was obtained on a substrate with a pattern electrode as shown in FIG.
  • the substrate with electrodes without electrodes is prepared as follows. Prepared. First, a 50 / m dry film resist is stuck on a glass plate on which no electrodes are formed on the surface, and through a negative mask of a grid-like pattern with a display cell of 500 ⁇ and a partition wall width of 50, exposed and developed as shown in Fig. 4. A substrate with such a grid-like partition was obtained.
  • particle A and particle B Two types of particles (particle A and particle B) were prepared.
  • Particle A is a mixture of acrylic urethane resin EAU53B (Asia) / I PDI crosslinker Exel Hardener HX (Asia), CB4phr and charge control agent Pontrone NO7 (Orient Chemical) 2phr, and kneading. Thereafter, the particles were pulverized and classified by a jet mill to produce particles. Particle A was a black particle.
  • Particles B consist of acryl urethane resin E AU53 B (manufactured by Asia) / IPD I type crosslinker Exelhardna-1 HX (manufactured by Asia), titanium oxide 10 phr, charge control agent Pontrone E89 (manufactured by Orient Chemical) 2 After adding phr and kneading, the mixture was pulverized and classified by a jet mill to prepare particles. Particle B was a white particle. The average particle diameter of the particles A was 9.2 m, and the average particle diameter of the particles B was 7.1 m. The surface charge density of Particle A was +25 C / m 2 , and the surface charge density of Particle B was -55 CZm 2 .
  • White ⁇ body (liquid powder X) first, methyl methacrylate monomer, Ti0 2 (20 phr), charge control agent Pontoron E 89 (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 phr), open initiator AIBN (0. 5 phr ), And the particle size was adjusted using a classifier. Next, using a hybridizer (Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), the external additive A (Silica H2000 / 4, manufactured by Picker) and the external additive B (Silica SS20, Nippon Silica) were added to these particles. (Manufactured by K.K.) and treated at 4800 rpm for 5 minutes to immobilize the external additive on the polymerized particle surface and adjust it to a powdery fluid. This powder fluid X is positively charged. I got it.
  • Black working fluid (powder fluid Y) is first .. Styrene monomer, azo compound (5phr), charge control agent Pontron NO7 (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., 5phr), initiator AIBN (0.5phr) After the suspension polymerization was carried out by using, the particle diameter was adjusted by a classifier. Next, an external additive C (silica H2050, manufactured by Pecker) and an external additive B (silica SS20, manufactured by Nippon Silica Co., Ltd.) were added to these particles using a hybridizer, and the mixture was rotated at 4800 rpm. By treating for 5 minutes, the external additive was immobilized on the polymerized particle surface and adjusted to be a powdery fluid. This powder fluid ⁇ was negatively charged.
  • Particles ⁇ and ⁇ are filled in the cells of the substrate with the partition walls prepared as described above by a free fall method with a projected area of the display cell of 12 gZm 2 (each 6 g / m 2 ), and the other is filled.
  • the two substrates were bonded to each other with an epoxy-based adhesive, and an image display device with a distance between the substrates of 50 zm was fabricated.
  • An image was obtained by taking a conductor from the electrode through the FPC and applying a voltage.
  • the filling amount did not reach 12 gZm 2
  • the filling was X
  • the image was X when dots were missing, and the line was missing
  • ⁇ indicates good and ⁇ indicates good.
  • Example 1 the image display devices of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were produced and compared as follows. In Examples 1 to 4, a substrate with electrodes was used, and in Example 5, a substrate without electrodes was used. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
  • a mask made of SUS304 having an opening of 500 nmU and a line width of 50 m was placed on the upper surface of the partition wall, and after filling the particles, the mask was removed.
  • the completed image display device had no missing dots or missing lines, and no particles remained on the partition walls.
  • a mask made of SUS430 which is a magnetic material with an opening of 500 m and a line width of 50 m, is placed on the upper surface of the partition wall, and placed on the back of the substrate.
  • a magnet was applied and fixed, and after filling the particles, the mask and the magnet were removed.
  • the completed image display device had no missing dots and no missing lines, and no particles remained on the partition walls.
  • An image display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a glass substrate with a partition without electrodes was used as a substrate for filling particles A and B. No display was performed because the image display element had no electrodes.
  • the opening is 200 m (16% of the projected area of the display cell), the line width is 350 m (700% of the line width of the partition) )
  • the SUS304 mask was placed on the upper surface of the partition wall, and the mask was removed after filling the particles. The opening of the mask was so small that the target filling amount could not be filled.
  • Particles A and B were filled without a mask. Particles remained on the partition walls of the completed image display device, causing poor adhesion.
  • Particles A and B were filled without a mask.
  • a silicon cleaning roll was reciprocated 10 times to remove particles on the partition walls. There were no particles on the barrier of the completed image display device, but dots were missing.
  • Example 11 to 15 the image display devices of Examples 11 to 15 and Comparative Examples 11 to 13 were produced and compared as follows. In Examples 11 and 14, a substrate with electrodes was used, and in Example 15, a substrate without electrodes was used. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
  • a mask made of SUS304 having an opening of 500 m and a line width of 50 xm was set on the upper surface of the partition wall, and the mask was removed after the powder fluid was filled.
  • the completed image display device had no missing dots or missing lines, and no powder fluid remained on the partition walls.
  • the opening 450 ⁇ mD (81% with respect to the projected area of the display cell) and the line width 10 ⁇ ⁇ (200% with respect to the line width of the partition) A SUS 304 mask was placed on the upper surface of the partition wall so as to be aligned, and after filling with the powder fluid, the mask was removed.
  • the completed image display device had no missing dots or missing lines, and no powder fluid remained on the partition walls.
  • a mask made of SUS430 which is a magnetic material with an opening of 500 m and a line width of 50 m, is placed on the upper surface of the partition wall, A magnet was fixed from the back of the substrate, and after filling with powdered fluid, the mask and magnet were removed.
  • the completed image display device had no missing dots or missing lines, and no powder fluid remained on the partition walls.
  • An image display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 14, except that a glass substrate with a partition without electrodes was used as a substrate to be filled with the powder fluid X and the powder fluid Y. Since this image display element had no electrodes, no display was performed.
  • the opening 200 / m opening (16% with respect to the projected area of the display cell), line width 350m (with respect to the line width of the partition wall) (704%) SUS304 mask was placed on the upper surface of the partition wall with its position aligned. The opening of the mask was so small that the target filling amount could not be filled.
  • Powder fluid X and powder fluid Y were filled without masking. Powder fluid remained on the partition walls of the completed image display device, causing poor adhesion.
  • Powder fluid X and powder fluid Y were filled without masking.
  • a silicone cleaning roll was reciprocated 10 times to remove the powder fluid on the partition wall. No powder fluid was present on the partition walls of the completed image display device, but dots were missing. Table 2
  • the same mask as the partition pattern is formed on the partition. Since it is installed in the partition, it is possible to prevent particles or powder fluid from adhering to the partition walls. As a result, particles or liquid powder remaining on the partition walls can be removed, and defects as a display element caused by the residual particles or liquid powder can be prevented.
  • the adhesive when an adhesive is used for joining the partition and the substrate, the adhesive is applied by screen printing, so that the adhesive is applied only between the partition and the substrate.
  • An adhesive can be applied, and the deterioration of element characteristics caused by applying the adhesive to the display surface of the substrate can be eliminated, so that the display characteristics are not adversely affected.
  • an image display device including the image display panel of the present invention is a notebook computer. , PDA, mobile phone, handy terminal and other mobile devices, electronic books such as e-books, electronic newspapers, signboards, posters, blackboards and other bulletin boards, calculators, home appliances, automotive supplies, etc. It is suitably used for card displays such as point cards and IC cards, electronic advertisements, electronic POPs, electronic price tags, electronic music scores, and displays for RF-ID devices.

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  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'une unité d'affichage d'images dans laquelle un groupe de particules ou un matériau de poudre/particules est scellé entre deux substrats opposés, au moins un de ceux-ci est transparent, et un champ électrique est généré entre les substrats, de manière à déplacer les particules ou le matériau de poudre/particules et à afficher par conséquent une image. Ladite unité comprend une pluralité de cellules d'affichage réparties en sections au moyen de séparations, quand le groupe de particules ou le matériau de poudre/particules est scellé dans les cellules réparties en sections au moyen des séparations entre les substrats, un masque est établi sur la surface supérieure d'une séparation (première invention). De plus, l'invention concerne un procédé de production de l'unité d'affichage d'images comprenant un panneau d'affichage d'images dans lequel le groupe de particules ou le matériau de poudre/particules est scellé entre le substrat transparent et le substrat opposé et un champ électrique est fourni dans le groupe de particules ou le matériau de poudre/particules, de manière à déplacer les particules ou le matériau de poudre/particules et à afficher ainsi une image, l'unité comprenant au moins un élément d'affichage d'images séparé au moyen des séparations. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à former une séparation sur un substrat parmi les substrats transparent et opposé, à remplir le groupe de particules ou le matériau de poudre/particules dans un espace constituant l'élément d'affichage d'images séparé au moyen d'une séparation, à éliminer un groupe de particules superflu ou un matériau de poudre/particules restant sur une séparation, à effectuer une sérigraphie sur un adhésif dans une position, opposée à une séparation, sur la surface de l'autre substrat parmi les substrats transparent et opposé et à assembler une séparation avec l'autre substrat au moyen d'un adhésif, de manière à obtenir ainsi un panneau d'affichage d'images (premier mode de réalisation d'une seconde invention).
PCT/JP2004/002860 2003-03-06 2004-03-05 Procede de production d'une unite d'affichage d'images et unite d'affichage d'images WO2004079442A1 (fr)

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