WO2004074708A1 - Element for absorbing and isolating of vibrations - Google Patents

Element for absorbing and isolating of vibrations

Info

Publication number
WO2004074708A1
WO2004074708A1 PCT/IB2004/000458 IB2004000458W WO2004074708A1 WO 2004074708 A1 WO2004074708 A1 WO 2004074708A1 IB 2004000458 W IB2004000458 W IB 2004000458W WO 2004074708 A1 WO2004074708 A1 WO 2004074708A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
machine
groups
elongated
elongated sections
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2004/000458
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José GURRI MOLINS
Original Assignee
Gurri Molins Jose
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gurri Molins Jose filed Critical Gurri Molins Jose
Publication of WO2004074708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004074708A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/025—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/027—Planar, e.g. in sheet form; leaf springs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
    • A01D46/26—Devices for shaking trees or shrubs; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
    • F16F15/073—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs using only leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/02—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
    • A01D46/26—Devices for shaking trees or shrubs; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith
    • A01D2046/266—Portable devices to shake branches

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional components of movement, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements, and in particular to machines, devices and portable mechanical implements that are carried on an operator, and equipped with areas of body support and / or handling and / or government handles that are desired to isolate from vibrations or alternative movements generated by the machine.
  • machines of this type are autonomous and are driven by an internal explosion engine capable of transmitting considerable vibrations to the chassis or housing of the machine.
  • many of these machines for example, demolition, vibrators, hedge trimmers, etc., include mechanisms that generate vibration or alternative displacements between different parts of the machine, and these vibrations and / or displacements are also capable of being transmitted to the chassis. or machine housing, and from this to the operator who is continually in contact with the machine. The result is that these vibrations and / or displacements can cause short-term operator fatigue and eventually lead to a serious health problem.
  • Vibration absorber systems based on elastic elements, such as springs, springs, rubbers, hydropneumatic devices, are known, etc., and / or elastomer studs.
  • the main problem they present is that when they absorb a component of movement in one direction they accumulate, at the same time, the energy subtracted from the system to release it then causing a rebound effect.
  • the rubber or other elastomer elements also have the disadvantage of admitting only relatively short stroke displacements.
  • EP-A-0566436 describes a device for fixing a load on a support comprising at least one body in the form of a band of width significantly greater than its thickness, with two opposite elongated sections, mutually facing each other, linked by a first extreme through a curved sector.
  • the second ends of the elongated sections constitute fixing members to be connected to the load and the support respectively.
  • Said body is constituted by several layers of steel for springs interspersed in elastomer layers, and allows relative movements between the load and the support with at least two-dimensional components by elastic deformation.
  • the aforementioned problem of the accumulation of elastic energy and the consequent rebound effect still persist due to the elastic nature of the body material.
  • An objective of the present invention is to provide a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional components of movement, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements, where said connection element admits two- or three-dimensional relative movements between first and second parts of the machine, device or mechanical implement of relatively large strokes without accumulating elastic energy in significant quantities.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional components of movement, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements, where said connecting element is produced easily and quickly at a low cost.
  • the above and other objectives are achieved, in accordance with the present invention, by providing a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional movement components, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements.
  • the element is integrated by at least a first body, of elongated annular configuration, in the form of a band of width significantly greater than its thickness, of flexible and tensile resistant material, comprising two opposite elongated sections, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors, and first and second fixing members connecting said elongated sections to respective first and second parts of a machine, device or mechanical implement capable of relative movements with at least two-dimensional components.
  • Said first body operates in front of said relative movements by means of at least longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections and first and second fixing members attached thereto and some approximation / distance displacements of the elongated sections.
  • each of the elongated sections gradually adopts the configuration of one of the curved sectors by one end while by the Another extreme is the curved sector, which adopts the long section configuration, acting in a similar way to a "caterpillar" tread.
  • This behavior admits considerably long travels of displacement is the longitudinal direction of the elongated body and also admits displacements in a "compression / traction” direction, that is, the aforementioned approach / distance displacements between the elongated sections.
  • both displacements by "track” effect and “compression / traction” effect they can occur simultaneously and in combination, whereby the joint element admits relative movements in any of the directions contained in a plane, that is, relative movements with at least two-dimensional components.
  • a certain flexibility of the first body in a transverse direction to said plane admits certain movement components in said transverse direction, whereby the element described here is applicable in those cases in which there are one or two main directions of vibration and / or displacement.
  • connection of said second fixing member to said second part of the machine, device or mechanical implement is advantageously carried out through a second body of elongated general annular configuration analogous to the first body described above. , that is, in the form of a band with two opposite elongated sections, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors.
  • the second fixing member is connected to one of said elongated sections of the second body and a third fixing member connects the other of the elongated sections of the second body to said second part of the machine, device or mechanical implement.
  • the said second body is arranged at an angle to the first body, the first and second parts being susceptible to relative movements with three-dimensional components. With this arrangement, the group of elements operates against said relative movements by means of longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the respective elongated sections of the first and second bodies, and by means of approximation / distance displacements of the respective elongated sections.
  • said angle between the first and second bodies is an acute angle
  • a right angle is preferred to have motion absorption members in the three directions of the three-dimensional space.
  • the relative movements between the first and second parts of the machine are alternative, of vibratory or reciprocating type, with strokes within a certain range of lengths and the elongated annular bodies of the element of the invention can be adapted to said range of career lengths by selecting the length of the band and the characteristics of the material.
  • the element of the present invention virtually eliminates the transmission of alternative three-dimensional linear movements as well as vibrations in all their magnitudes and frequencies between first and second parts of a machine, device or mechanical implement.
  • the aforementioned flexible and tensile material of the first and second bodies also has a low coefficient of flexural fatigue, and is selected in conjunction with the dimensions of the bodies to provide a predetermined resistance to crushing in said curved end sectors.
  • a suitable material is, for example, any material intended for traction belts or conveyor belts, and can be single-layer or multi-layer, with or without internal reinforcements.
  • the said crushing resistance of the curved sections allows the element to withstand a certain pressure on its elongated sections without impeding its action by the said "caterpillar effect".
  • one of the first or second parts of the machine has an envelope configuration of the other and the elements or groups of elements of the invention are arranged by connecting both first and second parts so that a displacement, for example , by compression on one of the elements or groups of elements is compensated by a traction displacement in another or other elements or groups of elements.
  • a displacement for example
  • one of the first or second parts of the machine is suspended or "floating" within the envelope configuration of the other, as described in greater detail below.
  • An easy and economical way to produce the first and second bodies is from an easily accessible band or belt portion of selected length joined by its ends forming a closed loop.
  • Another way to produce the first and second bodies is to conform it as a band or belt continues to form a closed loop, with the precaution that said continuous band is, in the absence of external forces, of circular configuration and that it adopts the required annular shape elongated by compression between two of its opposite sides. This avoids the elastic force that curved sectors could present in a band formed directly as an elongated annular body.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element according to the present invention according to a basic embodiment example thereof;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element of Fig. 1 in two opposite positions of displacement by "caterpillar”effect;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element of Fig. 1 in two travel positions by "compression / traction”effect;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a portion of the band or belt from which the elongated annular body of the element of Fig. 1 can be produced;
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element according to the present invention according to a basic embodiment example thereof;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element of Fig. 1 in two opposite positions of displacement by "caterpillar"effect;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element of Fig. 1 in two travel positions by "compression / traction”effect;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the elongated annular body produced from the band or belt portion of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view in partially sectioned side elevation of the connecting element produced from the band or belt portion of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a continuous band or belt forming a closed loop, which is of circular configuration in the absence of external forces, from which the elongated annular body of the element can also be produced.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing a connecting element according to the present invention according to a more complex embodiment example;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view showing a variant of the connecting element of Fig. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an agricultural machine incorporating several joining elements according to the present invention between parts provided with relative movement of said machine;
  • Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail of the view of Fig. 10 showing a joint of a handle to said machine by means of joining elements according to the present invention;
  • Fig. 12 is another enlarged detail of the view of Fig. 10 showing a joint of another handle as well as a joint of a body support to said machine by means of joining elements according to the present invention;
  • Fig. 13 is an enlarged perspective view showing a variant of the attachment of the handle of Fig. 11 to the machine;
  • Fig. 14 is an enlarged perspective view showing a variant of the attachment of the handle of Fig. 12 to the machine.
  • a connecting element designed to join first and second parts 41, 42 of a machine, device or mechanical implement susceptible of relative movements with components at least two-dimensional, and to absorb, at least to a significant degree, said components, which are at least two-dimensional, of motion.
  • the element 1 is integrated by at least one body 10, of elongated annular configuration, in the form of a band of width significantly greater than its thickness (better shown in Figs. 5 and 7), of flexible and tensile resistant material.
  • Said body 10 comprises two opposite elongated sections 12, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors 13, and first and second fixing members 31, 32 connecting said sections elongated 12 respectively to said first and second parts 41, 42 of said machine, device or mechanical implement.
  • the elongated sections 12 have been represented rectilinear although, by virtue of the flexibility of the material of which the body 10 is made, they can adopt a variety of configurations always linked by the mentioned curved end sectors 13.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show how the body 10 operates in relation to said relative movements between the first and second parts 41, 42.
  • the first part 41 remains immobile while the second part 42 performs a reciprocating displacement in relation to the first part 41 in a longitudinal direction with respect to the elongated annular shape of the body 10, indicated in both directions by the arrows D1.
  • the body 10 is deformed by longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections 12 together with the first and second fixing members 31, 32 attached to them.
  • a first extreme position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42 is shown in continuous lines and in second dashed lines a second extreme position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42.
  • each of the elongated sections 12 progressively adopts one of its ends the configuration of one of the curved sectors 13 while each of the curved sectors 13 that adopts at the other end the configuration of one of the elongated sections.
  • said elongated annular configuration is maintained while moving laterally according to the longitudinal components D1 of the movement of the second piece 42 transmitted by the second fixing member 32. This behavior is similar to that of a "track" type tread. .
  • Fig. 3 it is assumed that the first part 41 remains motionless while the second part 42 performs a reciprocating displacement relative to the first part 41 in a transverse direction with respect to the elongated annular shape of the body 10, indicated in its two felt by the arrows D2. Faced with said movement, and by virtue of the flexibility and tensile strength of the material of which it is made, the body 10 is deformed by means of transverse displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections 12, whereby approximation / distance movements of the elongated sections 12 together with the first and second fixing members 31, 32 attached thereto occur.
  • Fig. 3 it is assumed that the first part 41 remains motionless while the second part 42 performs a reciprocating displacement relative to the first part 41 in a transverse direction with respect to the elongated annular shape of the body 10, indicated in its two felt by the arrows D2. Faced with said movement, and by virtue of the flexibility and tensile strength of the material of which it is made, the body 10 is deformed by means of
  • a first position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42 is shown in continuous lines and in second dashed lines a second position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42.
  • each of the elongated sections 12 approaches or moves away from the other while the curved segments 12 adopt a smaller or greater radius.
  • said elongated annular configuration widens or narrows according to the transverse components in the direction D2 of the movement of the second piece 42 transmitted by the second fixing member 32. Both components in the longitudinal and transverse directions D1, D2 can be carried out simultaneously without hindering the deformation or adaptation movements of the body 10 and without substantially accumulating elastic energy.
  • said flexible and tensile resistant material of the first body 10 is selected in conjunction with the dimensions thereof to provide a predetermined resistance to crushing in said curved end sectors 13.
  • a band or belt portion 11a is shown from which the body is made 10.
  • the band or belt portion 11a is of a selected length, of width significantly greater than its thickness and terminated at two straight end edges 2a, 2b.
  • a hole 3 In a central part of the band or belt portion 11a there is a hole 3 and in each of said straight end edges 2a, 2b a half-hole 4a, 4b is cut.
  • the band or belt portion 11a is shown with its straight end edges 2a, 2b attached to the head forming an elongated annular closed loop body.
  • the facing semi-holes 4a, 4b form a hole 4 in an elongated section 12 opposite to the other elongated section 12 in which said hole 3 is initially located in the central part of the band or belt portion 11a.
  • Fig. 6 it is show screws 5 passed through holes 3 and 4 and screwed into the respective first and second parts 41, 42.
  • a washer 6 pressing on the straight end edges 2a, 2b ensures that they remain attached and fixed to the second part 42
  • the flexible and tensile material, and a low coefficient of flexural fatigue, useful for the preparation of the belt or belt portion 11a is easily available at a relatively low cost as a material for flat belt of transmission or for conveyor belt , and the operations necessary to form the body 10 therefrom are simple and require a minimum of tools and facilities.
  • Fig. 7 another possibility is shown to realize the body 10, which here is constituted by a continuous band or belt 11b forming a closed loop, and provided with a pair of holes 7a, 7b in approximately equidistant areas of its perimeter.
  • a connecting element 1a according to the present invention is shown according to a more complex embodiment example, which is capable of absorbing three-dimensional components of relative movements between the first and second parts 41, 42.
  • Said element 1a comprises a first body 10 analogous to that described in relation to Figs. 1 to 3, with first and second fixing members 31, 32.
  • first fixing member 31 connects one of the elongated sections 12 of the first body 10 directly with the first part 41 (not shown in Figs. 8 and 9 for greater clarity of the drawing)
  • a second body 20 is interposed between the second fixing member 32 and said second part 42 (not shown in Figs. 8 and 9).
  • the mentioned second body 20 is analogous to the first body 10, and has an elongated general annular configuration, in the form of a band 21 with two opposite stretches 22 opposite, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors 23.
  • the second fixing member 32 connects the corresponding elongated section 12 of the first body 10 to one of said elongated sections 22 of the second body 20 and a third fixing member 33 connects the other of the elongated sections 22 of the second body 20 to said second part 42.
  • the second body 20 is arranged at a right angle to to the first body 10, so that the first and second parts 42 are susceptible to relative movements with three-dimensional components.
  • the first body 10 operates as described above to absorb motion components in the direction D1
  • the second body 20 operates analogously to absorb motion components in a direction D3 normal to the direction D2
  • both first and second bodies 10, 20 cooperate to absorb movement components in the normal D2 direction to the D1 and D3 directions, by means of approach / distance displacements of the respective elongated sections 12, 22.
  • Fig. 9 an element or group of elements 1b analogous to the element or group of elements 1a of Fig. 8 is shown but in which the angle formed by the second body 20 in relation to the first body 10 is an acute angle , which may be advantageous for certain applications.
  • Fig. 10 shows a portable agricultural machine of a well-known type, generally designated by reference numeral 40.
  • the machine 40 comprises a tubular support 60 inside which is arranged a transmission shaft connecting a motor 61 connected to one end of the tubular support 60 with a vibration generating mechanism 62 attached to the other end.
  • Said vibration generating mechanism 62 is connected to a hook 63 adapted to hold a branch of a tree and transmit the vibration to said branch in order to tear down the fruits existing therein.
  • Machine 40 is designed to be piggybacked by an operator using a harness (not shown). In the example shown in Fig. 10, the machine 40 is supported against the hip on the right side of the operator by means of a body support 64.
  • the operator operates the machine 40 by means of a handle 65 for the right hand, in which several governing bodies are incorporated, and a handle 66 for the left hand.
  • the tube 60 of the machine 40 represents the first part 41 referred to in Figs. 1 to 9, while the body support 64 and the handles 65, 66 each represent, separately, the second part 42 cited above.
  • the first part 41 is an active part, subjected to alternative vibration or movement
  • the second part 42 is a passive part that is desired to be isolated from said alternative vibration or movement.
  • Fig. 12 shows in an enlarged manner the union of the body support 64 and the handle 65 to the tubular support 60 of the machine 40 by means of elements or groups of elements 1, 1a according to the present invention.
  • an area of the first part 41 of the machine 40, device or mechanical implement is connected by a single element or group of elements (not shown) to an area respectively facing the second part 42 of the machine 40
  • at least two zones of the first part 41 of the machine 40 are connected by two elements or groups of elements 1, 1a, 1b to at least two respectively facing areas of the second part 42 of the machine 40, device or mechanical implement.
  • first part 41 is an example in which the said two zones of the second part 42 are on the same side and two respective elements 1 substantially parallel to each other connect the two zones of the second part with the corresponding two zones of the first part.
  • elements 1 are of the simple type described above in relation to Figs. 1 to 3, each of which is composed of a body 10 and first and second fixing members 31, 32, although the same assembly could also be carried out with elements 1a, 1b of the complex type described above in relation to Figs . 8 and 9.
  • the joining of the handle 65 of the right hand (or second part 42) to the tubular support 60 (or first part 41) constitutes an example in which the said two zones of the second part 42 are arranged on opposite sides of the first part 41, and where said elements or groups of elements 10, 20; 31, 32, 33 are substantially aligned.
  • the two zones of the first part 41 are materialized by a pair of arms 43, 44 fixed to the tubular support 60 so as to delimit a rigid frame within which the handle 65 is mounted by means of elements 1a of the complex type described in Fig.
  • the attachment of the left hand grip 66 (or second part 42) to the tubular support 60 (or first part 41) is an example in which three zones of the first part 41 are connected by respective elements or groups of elements 1 to three respectively facing zones of the second part 42, and wherein said second part 42 has an enveloping shape with respect to the first part 41 and said three zones are arranged at substantially regular angular intervals with respect to a center of said enveloping form, said elements 1 being inclined in substantially convergent directions.
  • the bodies 10 of the elements 1 are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the tubular support 60 of the machine 40 since this is the main direction of the vibratory movement generated by the vibration generating mechanism 62, although they could also be oriented in other directions.
  • Fig. 13 shows a variant of the connection between the left hand grip 66 and the tubular support 60 (no shown in Fig. 13).
  • the connection is made by means of elements 1a of the complex type described in relation to Fig. 8, each of which comprises the first and second bodies 10, 20 and the first, second and third fixing members 31, 32 , 33.
  • the handle 66 defines an arc around a base 67, which is provided with fixing means 68 for attachment to the tubular support 60.
  • the said fixing means 68 comprise, for example, a hole arranged to receive tightly the tubular support 60, and a slit 68 extending from the outside of the base 67 to the hole, a clamping screw being provided to narrow the hole by decreasing the width of the slit.
  • the elements 1a connect the three zones of the handle 66 with three zones of the base 67 and are distributed at 120 ° angular intervals and inclined in substantially convergent directions towards the center of the hole of the base 67.
  • FIG. 14 a variant of the connection of the right hand grip 65 (or second part 42) to the tubular support 60 (or first part 41) of the machine 40 is shown.
  • the second part 42 has a first end 42a and a second end 42b. On opposite sides of the first end 42a there are two of said joining areas and on opposite sides of the second end 42b there are two other of the joining areas.
  • Two joining areas of the first part 41 are materialized by a pair of appendages 45a, 45b of a first arm 45 fixed to the tubular support 60 and two other joining areas of the first part 41 are materialized by a pair of appendages 46a, 46b of a second arm 46 fixed to the tubular support 60, so that they delimit a rigid frame within which the handle 65 is mounted by means of elements 1 of the simple type described in Figs. 1 to 3, that is, with the first body 10, and the first and second fixing members 31, 32, although it could also be installed with elements 1a, 1b of the complex type described in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • elements 1 of the simple type described in Figs. 1 to 3 that is, with the first body 10, and the first and second fixing members 31, 32, although it could also be installed with elements 1a, 1b of the complex type described in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • a set of electrical and / or mechanical transmission cables are wrapped in a flexible hose 47 connected to the first end 42a of the handle 65 (or second part 42) to electrically and / or mechanically connect the control elements of the handle 65 with the 61 engine and other associated devices.
  • the flexible condition of the cables and the hose 47 allows relative movement between the handle 65 and the tubular support 60 without damaging them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an element which is used to absorb and isolate two- or three-dimensional moving components and which can be used in mechanical implements, devices and machines. The inventive element comprises a long annular body (10) in the form of a band of resistant flexible material which comprises two long opposing segments (12) that are connected by curved end sections (13). According to the invention, first and second fixing members (31, 32) connect the long segments (12) to respective first and second relatively-moving parts. Preferably, the second member (32) connects the body (10) to the second part by means of a second similarly-shaped body (20) and a third fixing member (33). The above-mentioned bodies (10, 20) operate in response to three-dimensional moving components by means of longitudinal movements performed by the long segments (12, 22) in mutually perpendicular directions (D1, D3) and approaching/receding movements performed by said long segments (12, 22) in another direction (D2) which is perpendicular to the aforementioned directions.

Description

ELEMENTO DE ABSORCIÓN Y AISLAMIENTO DE VIBRACIONES ELEMENT OF ABSORPTION AND ISOLATION OF VIBRATIONS
Ámbito de la invenciónField of the invention
La presente invención concierne a un elemento de unión con absorción y aislamiento de componentes bi- o tri-dimensionales de movimiento, aplicable a máquinas, dispositivos e implementos mecánicos, y en particular a máquinas, dispositivos e implementos mecánicos portátiles que son llevados a cuestas por un operario, y dotados de unas zonas de apoyo corporal y/o unas empuñaduras de manipulación y/o gobierno que se desea aislar de vibraciones o movimientos alternativos generados por la máquina.The present invention concerns a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional components of movement, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements, and in particular to machines, devices and portable mechanical implements that are carried on an operator, and equipped with areas of body support and / or handling and / or government handles that are desired to isolate from vibrations or alternative movements generated by the machine.
Antecedentes técnicos En sectores tales como la construcción, la agricultura, la jardinería, son numerosas las máquinas portátiles que son acarreadas por un operario. Ejemplos de tales máquinas son, en el sector de la construcción, martillos neumáticos, demoledores vibradores, etc., en el campo de la agricultura, recolectores especiales, vibradores, desbrozadoras, sopladores, moto-sierras, eíc. y, en jardinería, cortasetos, cortacéspedes, pulverizadores de mochila, eíc.Technical background In sectors such as construction, agriculture, gardening, there are numerous portable machines that are carried by an operator. Examples of such machines are, in the construction sector, pneumatic hammers, vibrating demolitors, etc., in the field of agriculture, special collectors, vibrators, brushcutters, blowers, moto-saws, etc. and, in gardening, hedge trimmers, mowers, backpack sprayers, eic.
Frecueníemente, las máquinas de este tipo son autónomas y están accionadas por un motor de explosión interna susceptible de transmitir considerables vibraciones al chasis o carcasa de la máquina. Además, muchas de estas máquinas, por ejemplo, demoledoras, vibradores, cortasetos, etc., incluyen mecanismos generadores de vibración o de desplazamientos alternativos entre diferentes partes de la máquina, y estas vibraciones y/o desplazamientos también son susceptibles de ser transmitidos al chasis o carcasa de la máquina, y de ésta al operario que está continuamente en contacto con la máquina. El resultado es que dichas vibraciones y/o desplazamientos pueden causar en corto tiempo una fatiga en el operario y a la larga pueden desembocar en un grave problema de salud.Frequently, machines of this type are autonomous and are driven by an internal explosion engine capable of transmitting considerable vibrations to the chassis or housing of the machine. In addition, many of these machines, for example, demolition, vibrators, hedge trimmers, etc., include mechanisms that generate vibration or alternative displacements between different parts of the machine, and these vibrations and / or displacements are also capable of being transmitted to the chassis. or machine housing, and from this to the operator who is continually in contact with the machine. The result is that these vibrations and / or displacements can cause short-term operator fatigue and eventually lead to a serious health problem.
Se conocen sistemas absorbedores de vibración basados en elementos elásticos, tales como resortes, muelles, gomas, dispositivos hidroneumáticos, etc., y/o tacos de elastómero. El principal problema que presentan es que cuando absorben una componente de movimiento en una dirección acumulan, al mismo tiempo, la energía sustraída al sistema para liberarla a continuación causando un efecto de rebote. Los elementos de caucho u otro elastómero tienen además el inconveniente de admitir sólo desplazamientos de carrera relativamente corta.Vibration absorber systems based on elastic elements, such as springs, springs, rubbers, hydropneumatic devices, are known, etc., and / or elastomer studs. The main problem they present is that when they absorb a component of movement in one direction they accumulate, at the same time, the energy subtracted from the system to release it then causing a rebound effect. The rubber or other elastomer elements also have the disadvantage of admitting only relatively short stroke displacements.
Otros elementos o dispositivos absorbedores de vibración y desplazamiento se basan en el principio del paralelogramo articulado para absorber desplazamientos de carreras considerablemente largas. Sin embargo, en este caso el inconveniente consiste en que los lados opuestos del paralelogramo están sometidos a movimientos de aproximación/alejamiento superpuestos a los movimientos de desplazamiento.Other elements or devices absorbing vibration and displacement are based on the principle of the articulated parallelogram to absorb displacements of considerably long strokes. However, in this case the drawback is that the opposite sides of the parallelogram are subject to approach / distance movements superimposed on the movement movements.
La patente EP-A-0566436 describe un dispositivo de fijación de una carga sobre un soporte que comprende al menos un cuerpo en forma de una banda de anchura significativamente mayor que su grosor, con dos tramos alargados opuestos, mutuamente enfrentados, enlazados por un primer extremo a través de un sector curvo. Los segundos extremos de los tramos alargados constituyen unos miembros de fijación para ser conectados a la carga y al soporte respectivamente. Dicho cuerpo está constituido por varias capas de acero para muelles intercaladas en capas de elastómero, y admite movimientos relativos entre la carga y el soporte con componentes al menos bi-dimensionales por deformación elástica. Sin embargo, el citado problema de la acumulación de energía elástica y el consiguiente efecto de rebote todavía persisten debido a la naturaleza elástica del material del cuerpo. Un objetivo de la presente invención es aportar un elemento de unión con absorción y aislamiento de componentes bi- o tri-dimensionales de movimiento, aplicable a máquinas, dispositivos e implementos mecánicos, donde dicho elemento de unión admita movimientos relativos bi- o tri-dimensionales entre unas primera y segunda partes de la máquina, dispositivo o implemento mecánico de carreras relativamente grandes sin acumular energía elástica en cantidades significativas.EP-A-0566436 describes a device for fixing a load on a support comprising at least one body in the form of a band of width significantly greater than its thickness, with two opposite elongated sections, mutually facing each other, linked by a first extreme through a curved sector. The second ends of the elongated sections constitute fixing members to be connected to the load and the support respectively. Said body is constituted by several layers of steel for springs interspersed in elastomer layers, and allows relative movements between the load and the support with at least two-dimensional components by elastic deformation. However, the aforementioned problem of the accumulation of elastic energy and the consequent rebound effect still persist due to the elastic nature of the body material. An objective of the present invention is to provide a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional components of movement, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements, where said connection element admits two- or three-dimensional relative movements between first and second parts of the machine, device or mechanical implement of relatively large strokes without accumulating elastic energy in significant quantities.
Otro objetivo de la presente invención es aportar un elemento de unión con absorción y aislamiento de componentes bi- o tri-dimensionales de movimiento, aplicable a máquinas, dispositivos e implementos mecánicos, donde dicho elemento de unión sea producido de manera fácil y rápida a un bajo coste.Another objective of the present invention is to provide a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional components of movement, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements, where said connecting element is produced easily and quickly at a low cost.
Breve exposición de la invenciónBrief exposition of the invention
Los anteriores y otros objetivos se alcanzan, de acuerdo con la presente invención, aportando un elemento de unión con absorción y aislamiento de componentes bi- o tri-dimensionales de movimiento, aplicable a máquinas, dispositivos e implementos mecánicos. El elemento está integrado por al menos un primer cuerpo, de configuración anular alargada, en forma de una banda de anchura significativamente mayor que su grosor, de material flexible y resistente a la tracción, que comprende dos tramos alargados opuestos, mutuamente enfrentados, enlazados por unos sectores extremos curvos, y unos primer y segundo miembros de fijación que conectan dichos tramos alargados a unas respectivas primera y segunda partes de una máquina, dispositivo o implemento mecánico susceptibles de movimientos relativos con componentes al menos bi- dimensionales. El mencionado primer cuerpo opera frente a dichos movimientos relativos mediante al menos unos desplazamientos longitudinales en direcciones opuestas de los tramos alargados y primer y segundo miembros de fijación unidos a los mismos y unos desplazamientos de aproximación/alejamiento de los tramos alargados.The above and other objectives are achieved, in accordance with the present invention, by providing a joint element with absorption and isolation of two- or three-dimensional movement components, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements. The element is integrated by at least a first body, of elongated annular configuration, in the form of a band of width significantly greater than its thickness, of flexible and tensile resistant material, comprising two opposite elongated sections, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors, and first and second fixing members connecting said elongated sections to respective first and second parts of a machine, device or mechanical implement capable of relative movements with at least two-dimensional components. Said first body operates in front of said relative movements by means of at least longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections and first and second fixing members attached thereto and some approximation / distance displacements of the elongated sections.
Durante los mencionados desplazamientos longitudinales en direcciones opuestas de los tramos alargados, y en virtud de la condición flexible del material de los cuerpos, cada uno de los tramos alargados va adoptando progresivamente la configuración de uno de los sectores curvos por un extremo mientras que por el otro extremo es el sector curvo el que va adoptando la configuración de tramo largado, actuando de una manera similar a como lo hace una banda de rodadura de tipo "oruga". Este comportamiento admite unas carreras de desplazamiento considerablemente largas es la dirección longitudinal del cuerpo alargado y además admite unos desplazamientos en una dirección de "compresión/tracción", es decir, los citados desplazamientos de aproximación/alejamiento entre los tramos alargados. Se comprenderá que ambos desplazamientos por efecto "oruga" y por efecto "compresión/tracción" pueden producirse simultáneamente y de manera combinada, con lo que el elemento de unión admite movimientos relativos en cualquiera de las direcciones contenidas en un plano, o sea, movimientos relativos con componentes al menos bi-dimensionales. Una cierta flexibilidad del primer cuerpo en un sentido transversal a dicho plano admite unas ciertas componentes de movimiento en dicha dirección transversal, por lo que el elemento hasta aquí descrito es aplicable en aquellos casos en los que existen una o dos direcciones principales de vibración y/o desplazamiento.During the aforementioned longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections, and by virtue of the flexible condition of the material of the bodies, each of the elongated sections gradually adopts the configuration of one of the curved sectors by one end while by the Another extreme is the curved sector, which adopts the long section configuration, acting in a similar way to a "caterpillar" tread. This behavior admits considerably long travels of displacement is the longitudinal direction of the elongated body and also admits displacements in a "compression / traction" direction, that is, the aforementioned approach / distance displacements between the elongated sections. It will be understood that both displacements by "track" effect and "compression / traction" effect they can occur simultaneously and in combination, whereby the joint element admits relative movements in any of the directions contained in a plane, that is, relative movements with at least two-dimensional components. A certain flexibility of the first body in a transverse direction to said plane admits certain movement components in said transverse direction, whereby the element described here is applicable in those cases in which there are one or two main directions of vibration and / or displacement.
Cuando se desea absorber movimientos tri-dimensionales, la conexión de dicho segundo miembro de fijación a dicha segunda parte de la máquina, dispositivo o implemento mecánico se realiza ventajosamente a través de un segundo cuerpo de configuración general anular alargada análogo al primer cuerpo descrito más arriba, es decir, en forma de una banda con dos tramos alargados opuestos, mutuamente enfrentados, enlazados por unos sectores extremos curvos. El segundo miembro de fijación está conectado a uno de dichos tramos alargados del segundo cuerpo y un tercer miembro de fijación conecta el otro de los tramos alargados del segundo cuerpo a dicha segunda parte de la máquina, dispositivo o implemento mecánico. El mencionado segundo cuerpo está dispuesto formando un ángulo respecto al primer cuerpo, siendo las primera y segunda partes susceptibles de movimientos relativos con componentes tri-dimensionales. Con esta disposición, el grupo de elementos opera frente a dichos movimientos relativos mediante unos desplazamientos longitudinales en direcciones opuestas de los respectivos tramos alargados de los primer y segundo cuerpos, y mediante unos desplazamientos de aproximación/alejamiento de los respectivos tramos alargados.When it is desired to absorb three-dimensional movements, the connection of said second fixing member to said second part of the machine, device or mechanical implement is advantageously carried out through a second body of elongated general annular configuration analogous to the first body described above. , that is, in the form of a band with two opposite elongated sections, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors. The second fixing member is connected to one of said elongated sections of the second body and a third fixing member connects the other of the elongated sections of the second body to said second part of the machine, device or mechanical implement. The said second body is arranged at an angle to the first body, the first and second parts being susceptible to relative movements with three-dimensional components. With this arrangement, the group of elements operates against said relative movements by means of longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the respective elongated sections of the first and second bodies, and by means of approximation / distance displacements of the respective elongated sections.
Aunque en algunas aplicaciones puede ser ventajoso que el citado ángulo entre los primer y segundo cuerpos sea un ángulo agudo, en general se prefiere un ángulo recto para tener miembros de absorción de movimiento en las tres direcciones del espacio tri-dimensional. Generalmente, los movimientos relativos entre las primera y segunda partes de la máquina son alternativos, de tipo vibratorio o de vaivén, con carreras dentro de un determinado intervalo de longitudes y se pueden adaptar los cuerpos anulares alargados del elemento de la invención a dicho intervalo de longitudes de carrera seleccionando la longitud de la banda y las características del material. Así, el elemento de la presente invención anula prácticamente la transmisión de movimientos lineales tridimensionales alternativos así como vibraciones en todas sus magnitudes y frecuencias entre unas primera y segunda partes de una máquina, dispositivo o implemento mecánico. Además, reduce significativamente el pernicioso efecto rebote presente en los sistemas del estado de la técnica basados en gomas, muelles y demás resortes, donde los ciclos de movimiento alternativo lineal bi- o tri-dimensional generan una energía elástica positiva-negativa alternante que limita la atenuación de los movimientos alternativos lineales o vibraciones que genera una parte móvil o activa respecto a otra parte que se desea aislar.Although in some applications it may be advantageous if said angle between the first and second bodies is an acute angle, in general a right angle is preferred to have motion absorption members in the three directions of the three-dimensional space. Generally, the relative movements between the first and second parts of the machine are alternative, of vibratory or reciprocating type, with strokes within a certain range of lengths and the elongated annular bodies of the element of the invention can be adapted to said range of career lengths by selecting the length of the band and the characteristics of the material. Thus, the element of the present invention virtually eliminates the transmission of alternative three-dimensional linear movements as well as vibrations in all their magnitudes and frequencies between first and second parts of a machine, device or mechanical implement. In addition, it significantly reduces the pernicious rebound effect present in the state-of-the-art systems based on rubber, springs and other springs, where the bi-or three-dimensional linear alternative movement cycles generate an alternating positive-negative elastic energy that limits the attenuation of alternative linear movements or vibrations generated by a mobile or active part with respect to another part that is to be isolated.
El citado material flexible y resistente a la tracción de los primer y segundo cuerpos presenta además un bajo coeficiente de fatiga por flexión, y está seleccionado en conjunción con las dimensiones de los cuerpos para proporcionar una predeterminada resistencia al aplastamiento en dichos sectores extremos curvos. Un material adecuado es, por ejemplo, cualquier material destinado a correas de tracción o a bandas transportadora, y puede ser de una única capa o de múltiples capas, con o sin refuerzos internos. La citada resistencia al aplastamiento de las secciones curvas permite al elemento resistir una determinada presión sobre sus tramos alargados sin impedir su actuación por el citado "efecto oruga". Sin embargo, en muchas aplicaciones, una de las primera o segunda partes de la máquina tiene una configuración envolvente de la otra y los elementos o grupos de elementos de la invención están dispuestos conectando ambas primera y segunda partes de manera que un desplazamiento, por ejemplo, por compresión sobre uno de los elementos o grupos de elementos es compensado por un desplazamiento por tracción en otro u otros elementos o grupos de elementos. Así, una de las primera o segunda partes de la máquina queda suspendida o "en flotación" dentro de la configuración envolvente de la otra, tal como se describe en mayor detalle más abajo. Una forma fácil y económica de producir los primer y segundo cuerpos es a partir de una porción de banda o correa, fácilmente asequible, de longitud seleccionada unida por sus extremos formando un bucle cerrado, Otra forma de producir los primer y segundo cuerpos es conformándolo como una banda o correa continua formando un bucle cerrado, con la precaución de que dicha banda continua sea, en ausencia de fuerzas externas, de configuración circular y que adopte la requerida forma anular alargada por compresión entre dos de sus lados opuestos. Con ello se evita la fuerza elástica que podrían presentar los sectores curvos en una banda conformada directamente como un cuerpo anular alargado.The aforementioned flexible and tensile material of the first and second bodies also has a low coefficient of flexural fatigue, and is selected in conjunction with the dimensions of the bodies to provide a predetermined resistance to crushing in said curved end sectors. A suitable material is, for example, any material intended for traction belts or conveyor belts, and can be single-layer or multi-layer, with or without internal reinforcements. The said crushing resistance of the curved sections allows the element to withstand a certain pressure on its elongated sections without impeding its action by the said "caterpillar effect". However, in many applications, one of the first or second parts of the machine has an envelope configuration of the other and the elements or groups of elements of the invention are arranged by connecting both first and second parts so that a displacement, for example , by compression on one of the elements or groups of elements is compensated by a traction displacement in another or other elements or groups of elements. Thus, one of the first or second parts of the machine is suspended or "floating" within the envelope configuration of the other, as described in greater detail below. An easy and economical way to produce the first and second bodies is from an easily accessible band or belt portion of selected length joined by its ends forming a closed loop. Another way to produce the first and second bodies is to conform it as a band or belt continues to form a closed loop, with the precaution that said continuous band is, in the absence of external forces, of circular configuration and that it adopts the required annular shape elongated by compression between two of its opposite sides. This avoids the elastic force that curved sectors could present in a band formed directly as an elongated annular body.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
Las anteriores y otras características y ventajas se comprenderán mejor a partir de la descripción detallada de unos ejemplos de realización con referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, en los que: la Fig. 1 es una vista esquemática en alzado lateral del elemento de unión de acuerdo con la presente invención según un ejemplo de realización básico del mismo; la Fig. 2 es una vista esquemática en alzado lateral del elemento de unión de la Fig. 1 en dos posiciones opuestas de desplazamiento por efecto "oruga"; la Fig. 3 es una vista esquemática en alzado lateral del elemento de unión de la Fig. 1 en dos posiciones de desplazamiento por efecto "compresión/tracción"; la Fig. 4 es una vista esquemática en planta que muestra una porción de banda o correa a partir de la cual se puede producir el cuerpo anular alargado del elemento de la Fig. 1 ; la Fig. 5 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva que muestra el cuerpo anular alargado producido a partir de la porción de banda o correa de la Fig. 4; la Fig. 6 es una vista esquemática en alzado lateral parcialmente seccionada del elemento de unión producido a partir de la porción de banda o correa de la Fig. 4; la Fig. 7 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva que muestra una banda o correa continua formando un bucle cerrado, el cual es de configuración circular en ausencia de fuerzas externas, a partir de la cual también se puede producir el cuerpo anular alargado del elemento de la Fig. 1; la Fig. 8 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva que muestra un elemento de unión de acuerdo con la presente invención según un ejemplo de realización más complejo; la Fig. 9 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva que muestra una variante del elemento de unión de la Fig. 8; la Fig. 10 es una vista en perspectiva que muestra una máquina agrícola que incorpora varios elementos de unión de acuerdo con la presente invención entre partes dotadas de movimiento relativo de dicha máquina; la Fig. 11 es un detalle ampliado de la vista de la Fig. 10 mostrando una unión de una empuñadura a dicha máquina por medio de elementos de unión de acuerdo con la presente invención; la Fig. 12 es otro detalle ampliado de la vista de la Fig. 10 mostrando una unión de otra empuñadura así como una unión de un apoyo corporal a dicha máquina por medio de elementos de unión de acuerdo con la presente invención; la Fig. 13 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada que muestra una variante de la unión de la empuñadura de la Fig. 11 a la máquina; y la Fig. 14 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada que muestra una variante de la unión de la empuñadura de la Fig. 12 a la máquina.The foregoing and other features and advantages will be better understood from the detailed description of some embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element according to the present invention according to a basic embodiment example thereof; Fig. 2 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element of Fig. 1 in two opposite positions of displacement by "caterpillar"effect; Fig. 3 is a schematic side elevation view of the connecting element of Fig. 1 in two travel positions by "compression / traction"effect; Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a portion of the band or belt from which the elongated annular body of the element of Fig. 1 can be produced; Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the elongated annular body produced from the band or belt portion of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a schematic view in partially sectioned side elevation of the connecting element produced from the band or belt portion of Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a continuous band or belt forming a closed loop, which is of circular configuration in the absence of external forces, from which the elongated annular body of the element can also be produced. Fig. 1; Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing a connecting element according to the present invention according to a more complex embodiment example; Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view showing a variant of the connecting element of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing an agricultural machine incorporating several joining elements according to the present invention between parts provided with relative movement of said machine; Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail of the view of Fig. 10 showing a joint of a handle to said machine by means of joining elements according to the present invention; Fig. 12 is another enlarged detail of the view of Fig. 10 showing a joint of another handle as well as a joint of a body support to said machine by means of joining elements according to the present invention; Fig. 13 is an enlarged perspective view showing a variant of the attachment of the handle of Fig. 11 to the machine; and Fig. 14 is an enlarged perspective view showing a variant of the attachment of the handle of Fig. 12 to the machine.
Descripción detallada de unos ejemplos de realizaciónDetailed description of some embodiments
Haciendo en primer lugar referencia a la Fig. 1 , en ella se designa en general con la referencia numérica 1 un elemento de unión diseñado para unir unas primera y segunda partes 41 , 42 de una máquina, dispositivo o implemento mecánico susceptibles de movimientos relativos con componentes al menos bi- dimensionales, y para absorber, al menos en un grado significativo, dichas componentes, que son al menos bi-dimensionales, de movimiento. El elemento 1 está integrado por al menos un cuerpo 10, de configuración anular alargada, en forma de una banda de anchura significativamente mayor que su grosor (mejor mostrado en las Figs. 5 y 7), de material flexible y resistente a la tracción. El mencionado cuerpo 10 comprende dos tramos alargados 12 opuestos, mutuamente enfrentados, enlazados por unos sectores extremos curvos 13, y unos primer y segundo miembros de fijación 31 , 32 que conectan dichos tramos alargados 12 respectivamente a dichas primera y segunda partes 41 , 42 de la mencionada máquina, dispositivo o implemento mecánico. Para una mayor claridad del dibujo, los tramos alargados 12 se han representado rectilíneos aunque, en virtud la flexibilidad del material del que está hecho el cuerpo 10, pueden adoptar una variedad de configuraciones siempre enlazadas por los mencionados sectores extremos curvos 13.Referring firstly to Fig. 1, there is generally designated by reference numeral 1 a connecting element designed to join first and second parts 41, 42 of a machine, device or mechanical implement susceptible of relative movements with components at least two-dimensional, and to absorb, at least to a significant degree, said components, which are at least two-dimensional, of motion. The element 1 is integrated by at least one body 10, of elongated annular configuration, in the form of a band of width significantly greater than its thickness (better shown in Figs. 5 and 7), of flexible and tensile resistant material. Said body 10 comprises two opposite elongated sections 12, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors 13, and first and second fixing members 31, 32 connecting said sections elongated 12 respectively to said first and second parts 41, 42 of said machine, device or mechanical implement. For greater clarity of the drawing, the elongated sections 12 have been represented rectilinear although, by virtue of the flexibility of the material of which the body 10 is made, they can adopt a variety of configurations always linked by the mentioned curved end sectors 13.
En las Figs. 2 y 3 se muestra el modo de operar del cuerpo 10 frente a dichos movimientos relativos entre las primera y segunda partes 41 , 42. Así, en la Fig. 2 se supone que la primera parte 41 permanece inmóvil mientras que la segunda parte 42 efectúa un desplazamiento de vaivén en relación con la primera parte 41 en una dirección longitudinal respecto a la forma anular alargada del cuerpo 10, indicada en sus dos sentidos por las flechas D1. Frente a dicho movimiento, y en virtud del material flexible y resistente a la tracción del que está hecho, el cuerpo 10 se deforma mediante unos desplazamientos longitudinales en direcciones opuestas de los tramos alargados 12 junto con los primer y segundo miembros de fijación 31 , 32 unidos a los mismos. En la Fig. 2 se muestra en líneas continuas una primera posición extrema del movimiento de vaivén de la segunda parte 42 y en líneas de trazos una segunda posición extrema del movimiento de vaivén de la segunda parte 42. Durante tales desplazamientos, cada uno de los tramos alargados 12 va adoptando progresivamente por uno de sus extremo la configuración de uno de los sectores curvos 13 mientras que cada uno de los sectores curvos 13 que va adoptando por el otro extremo la configuración de uno de los tramos alargados. Como resultado, la citada configuración anular alargada se mantiene mientras se desplaza lateralmente según las componentes longitudinales D1 del movimiento de la segunda pieza 42 transmitidas por el segundo miembro de fijación 32. Este comportamiento es similar al de una banda de rodadura de tipo "oruga".In Figs. 2 and 3 show how the body 10 operates in relation to said relative movements between the first and second parts 41, 42. Thus, in Fig. 2 it is assumed that the first part 41 remains immobile while the second part 42 performs a reciprocating displacement in relation to the first part 41 in a longitudinal direction with respect to the elongated annular shape of the body 10, indicated in both directions by the arrows D1. Faced with said movement, and by virtue of the flexible and tensile resistant material of which it is made, the body 10 is deformed by longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections 12 together with the first and second fixing members 31, 32 attached to them. In Fig. 2 a first extreme position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42 is shown in continuous lines and in second dashed lines a second extreme position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42. During such displacements, each of the elongated sections 12 progressively adopts one of its ends the configuration of one of the curved sectors 13 while each of the curved sectors 13 that adopts at the other end the configuration of one of the elongated sections. As a result, said elongated annular configuration is maintained while moving laterally according to the longitudinal components D1 of the movement of the second piece 42 transmitted by the second fixing member 32. This behavior is similar to that of a "track" type tread. .
En la Fig. 3 se supone que la primera parte 41 permanece inmóvil mientras que la segunda parte 42 efectúa un desplazamiento de vaivén en relación con la primera parte 41 en una dirección transversal respecto a la forma anular alargada del cuerpo 10, indicada en sus dos sentidos por las flechas D2. Frente a dicho movimiento, y en virtud de la flexibilidad y resistencia a la tracción del material del que está hecho, el cuerpo 10 se deforma mediante unos desplazamientos transversales en direcciones opuestas de los tramos alargados 12, con lo que se producen unos movimientos de aproximación/alejamiento de los tramos alargados 12 junto con los primer y segundo miembros de fijación 31 , 32 unidos a los mismos. En la Fig. 2 se muestra en líneas continuas una primera posición del movimiento de vaivén de la segunda parte 42 y en líneas de trazos una segunda posición del movimiento de vaivén de la segunda parte 42. Durante tales desplazamientos, cada uno de los tramos alargados 12 se aproxima o aleja del otro mientras los segmentos curvos 12 adoptan un radio menor o mayor. Como resultado, la citada configuración anular alargada se ensancha o estrecha según las componentes transversales en la dirección D2 del movimiento de la segunda pieza 42 transmitidas por el segundo miembro de fijación 32. Ambas componentes en las direcciones longitudinales y transversales D1 , D2 pueden efectuarse simultáneamente sin que entorpezcan los movimientos de deformación o adaptación del cuerpo 10 y sin acumular substancialmente energía elástica.In Fig. 3 it is assumed that the first part 41 remains motionless while the second part 42 performs a reciprocating displacement relative to the first part 41 in a transverse direction with respect to the elongated annular shape of the body 10, indicated in its two felt by the arrows D2. Faced with said movement, and by virtue of the flexibility and tensile strength of the material of which it is made, the body 10 is deformed by means of transverse displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections 12, whereby approximation / distance movements of the elongated sections 12 together with the first and second fixing members 31, 32 attached thereto occur. In Fig. 2, a first position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42 is shown in continuous lines and in second dashed lines a second position of the reciprocating movement of the second part 42. During such displacements, each of the elongated sections 12 approaches or moves away from the other while the curved segments 12 adopt a smaller or greater radius. As a result, said elongated annular configuration widens or narrows according to the transverse components in the direction D2 of the movement of the second piece 42 transmitted by the second fixing member 32. Both components in the longitudinal and transverse directions D1, D2 can be carried out simultaneously without hindering the deformation or adaptation movements of the body 10 and without substantially accumulating elastic energy.
Cuando se desea una cierta resistencia elástica al acercamiento entre los tramos alargados 12 en la dirección D2, el citado material flexible y resistente a la tracción del primer cuerpo 10 se selecciona en conjunción con las dimensiones del mismo para proporcionar una predeterminada resistencia al aplastamiento en dichos sectores extremos curvos 13.When a certain elastic resistance to the approach between the elongated sections 12 in the direction D2 is desired, said flexible and tensile resistant material of the first body 10 is selected in conjunction with the dimensions thereof to provide a predetermined resistance to crushing in said curved end sectors 13.
Con referencia a las Figs. 4 a 6 se ejemplifica una manera fácil y económica de producir el cuerpo 10. En la Fig. 4 se muestra una porción de banda o correa 11a a partir de la cual se realiza el cuerpo 10. La porción de banda o correa 11a es de una longitud seleccionada, de anchura significativamente mayor que su grosor y terminada en dos bordes extremos rectos 2a, 2b. En una parte central de la porción banda o correa 11a hay un agujero 3 y en cada uno de dichos bordes extremos rectos 2a, 2b está cortado un semi-agujero 4a, 4b. En la Fig. 5 se muestra la porción de banda o correa 11a con sus bordes extremos rectos 2a, 2b adosados a testa formando un cuerpo anular alargado de bucle cerrado. Los semi-agujeros 4a, 4b enfrentados forman un agujero 4 en un tramo alargado 12 opuesto al otro tramo alargado 12 en el que se encuentra el mencionado agujero 3 inicialmente situado en la parte central de la porción de banda o correa 11a. Finalmente, en la Fig. 6 se muestran unos tornillos 5 pasados por los agujeros 3 y 4 y atornillados en las respectivas primera y segunda partes 41 , 42. Una arandela 6 presionando sobre los bordes extremos rectos 2a, 2b asegura que los mismos se mantengan adosados y fijados a la segunda parte 42. El material flexible y resistente a la tracción, y un bajo coeficiente de fatiga por flexión, útil para la preparación de la porción de banda o correa 11a es fácilmente asequible a un coste relativamente bajo como material para correa plana de transmisión o para banda transportadora, y las operaciones necesarias para formar a partir de la misma el cuerpo 10 son sencillas y requieren un mínimo de herramientas e instalaciones. En la Fig. 7 se muestra otra posibilidad para realizar el cuerpo 10, el cual aquí está constituido por una banda o correa continua 11b formando un bucle cerrado, y provista de un par de agujeros 7a, 7b en zonas de su perímetro aproximadamente equidistantes. Por medio de los citados agujeros 7a, 7b se efectúa un montaje (no mostrado) con tornillos similar al mostrado en la Fig. 6. Es importante que dicha banda o correa continua 11b tenga, en ausencia de fuerzas externas aplicadas al primer cuerpo 10, una configuración circular a partir de la cual, por una ligera presión, se obtiene la configuración anular alargada requerida. Esto es así con el fin de evita la presencia de fuerza elásticas en los sectores curvos que podría producirse en el caso de que la banda o correa fuera conformada directamente como un cuerpo anular alargado. Además, la banda o correa 11b de configuración circular puede ser obtenida por corte a rebanadas de un cuerpo tubular del material adecuado.With reference to Figs. 4 to 6 an easy and economical way of producing the body 10 is exemplified. In Fig. 4 a band or belt portion 11a is shown from which the body is made 10. The band or belt portion 11a is of a selected length, of width significantly greater than its thickness and terminated at two straight end edges 2a, 2b. In a central part of the band or belt portion 11a there is a hole 3 and in each of said straight end edges 2a, 2b a half-hole 4a, 4b is cut. In Fig. 5 the band or belt portion 11a is shown with its straight end edges 2a, 2b attached to the head forming an elongated annular closed loop body. The facing semi-holes 4a, 4b form a hole 4 in an elongated section 12 opposite to the other elongated section 12 in which said hole 3 is initially located in the central part of the band or belt portion 11a. Finally, in Fig. 6 it is show screws 5 passed through holes 3 and 4 and screwed into the respective first and second parts 41, 42. A washer 6 pressing on the straight end edges 2a, 2b ensures that they remain attached and fixed to the second part 42 The flexible and tensile material, and a low coefficient of flexural fatigue, useful for the preparation of the belt or belt portion 11a is easily available at a relatively low cost as a material for flat belt of transmission or for conveyor belt , and the operations necessary to form the body 10 therefrom are simple and require a minimum of tools and facilities. In Fig. 7 another possibility is shown to realize the body 10, which here is constituted by a continuous band or belt 11b forming a closed loop, and provided with a pair of holes 7a, 7b in approximately equidistant areas of its perimeter. By means of the aforementioned holes 7a, 7b, an assembly (not shown) with screws similar to that shown in Fig. 6 is carried out. It is important that said continuous band or belt 11b has, in the absence of external forces applied to the first body 10, a circular configuration from which, by light pressure, the required elongated annular configuration is obtained. This is so in order to avoid the presence of elastic force in the curved sectors that could occur in the event that the band or belt was formed directly as an elongated annular body. In addition, the band or belt 11b of circular configuration can be obtained by slicing a tubular body of the appropriate material.
En la Fig. 8 se muestra un elemento de unión 1a de acuerdo con la presente invención según un ejemplo de realización más complejo, el cual es capaz de absorber componentes tri-dimensionales de movimientos relativos entre las primera y segunda partes 41 , 42. Dicho elemento 1a comprende un primer cuerpo 10 análogo al descrito en relación con las Figs. 1 a 3, con unos primer y segundo miembros de fijación 31 , 32. Sin embargo, aquí, mientras que el primer miembro de fijación 31 conecta uno de los tramos alargados 12 del primer cuerpo 10 directamente con la primera parte 41 (no mostrada en las Figs. 8 y 9 para una mayor claridad del dibujo), un segundo cuerpo 20 está interpuesto entre el segundo miembro de fijación 32 y dicha segunda parte 42 (no mostrada en las Figs. 8 y 9). El mencionado segundo cuerpo 20 es análogo al primer cuerpo 10, y tiene una configuración general anular alargada, en forma de una banda 21 con dos tramos alargados 22 opuestos, mutuamente enfrentados, enlazados por unos sectores extremos curvos 23. El segundo miembro de fijación 32 conecta el correspondiente tramo alargado 12 del primer cuerpo 10 a uno de dichos tramos alargados 22 del segundo cuerpo 20 y un tercer miembro de fijación 33 conecta el otro de los tramos alargados 22 del segundo cuerpo 20 a dicha segunda parte 42. El segundo cuerpo 20 está dispuesto formando un ángulo recto respecto al primer cuerpo 10, de manera que las primera y segunda partes 42 son susceptibles de movimientos relativos con componentes tri-dimensionales. Así, el primer cuerpo 10 opera tal como se ha descrito más arriba para absorber componentes de movimiento en la dirección D1 , el segundo cuerpo 20 opera de manera análoga para absorber componentes de movimiento en una dirección D3 normal a la dirección D2, y ambos primer y segundo cuerpos 10, 20 cooperan para absorber componentes de movimiento en la dirección D2 normal a las direcciones D1 y D3, mediante desplazamientos de aproximación/alejamiento de los respectivos tramos alargados 12, 22.In Fig. 8 a connecting element 1a according to the present invention is shown according to a more complex embodiment example, which is capable of absorbing three-dimensional components of relative movements between the first and second parts 41, 42. Said element 1a comprises a first body 10 analogous to that described in relation to Figs. 1 to 3, with first and second fixing members 31, 32. However, here, while the first fixing member 31 connects one of the elongated sections 12 of the first body 10 directly with the first part 41 (not shown in Figs. 8 and 9 for greater clarity of the drawing), a second body 20 is interposed between the second fixing member 32 and said second part 42 (not shown in Figs. 8 and 9). The mentioned second body 20 is analogous to the first body 10, and has an elongated general annular configuration, in the form of a band 21 with two opposite stretches 22 opposite, mutually facing each other, linked by curved end sectors 23. The second fixing member 32 connects the corresponding elongated section 12 of the first body 10 to one of said elongated sections 22 of the second body 20 and a third fixing member 33 connects the other of the elongated sections 22 of the second body 20 to said second part 42. The second body 20 is arranged at a right angle to to the first body 10, so that the first and second parts 42 are susceptible to relative movements with three-dimensional components. Thus, the first body 10 operates as described above to absorb motion components in the direction D1, the second body 20 operates analogously to absorb motion components in a direction D3 normal to the direction D2, and both first and second bodies 10, 20 cooperate to absorb movement components in the normal D2 direction to the D1 and D3 directions, by means of approach / distance displacements of the respective elongated sections 12, 22.
En la Fig. 9 se muestra un elemento o grupo de elementos 1b análogo al elemento o grupo de elementos 1a de la Fig. 8 pero en el que el ángulo que forma el segundo cuerpo 20 en relación con el primer cuerpo 10 es un ángulo agudo, lo cual puede resultar ventajoso para determinadas aplicaciones.In Fig. 9 an element or group of elements 1b analogous to the element or group of elements 1a of Fig. 8 is shown but in which the angle formed by the second body 20 in relation to the first body 10 is an acute angle , which may be advantageous for certain applications.
La Fig. 10 muestra una máquina agrícola portátil de un tipo bien conocido, designada en general mediante la referencia numérica 40. La máquina 40 comprende un soporte tubular 60 en el interior del cual está dispuesto un eje de transmisión que conecta un motor 61 unido a un extremo del soporte tubular 60 con un mecanismo generador de vibración 62 unido al otro extremo. El citado mecanismo generador de vibración 62 está conectado a un gancho 63 adaptado para sujetar una rama de un árbol y transmitir la vibración a dicha rama con el fin de derribar los frutos existentes en la misma. La máquina 40 está diseñada para ser llevada a cuestas por un operario utilizando para ello un arnés (no mostrado). En el ejemplo mostrado en la Fig. 10, la máquina 40 queda apoyada contra la cadera del costado derecho del operario por medio de un apoyo corporal 64. El operario maneja la máquina 40 por medio de una empuñadura 65 para la mano derecha, en la que están incorporados varios órganos de gobierno, y una empuñadura 66 para la mano izquierda. A efectos de la presente descripción, el tubo 60 de la máquina 40 representa la primera parte 41 a la que se ha hecho referencia en las Figs. 1 a 9, mientras que el apoyo corporal 64 y las empuñaduras 65, 66 representan, cada una por separado, la segunda parte 42 citada más arriba. Aquí, la primera parte 41 es una parte activa, sometida a vibración o movimiento alternativo, y la segunda parte 42 es una parte pasiva que se desea aislar de dicha vibración o movimiento alternativo.Fig. 10 shows a portable agricultural machine of a well-known type, generally designated by reference numeral 40. The machine 40 comprises a tubular support 60 inside which is arranged a transmission shaft connecting a motor 61 connected to one end of the tubular support 60 with a vibration generating mechanism 62 attached to the other end. Said vibration generating mechanism 62 is connected to a hook 63 adapted to hold a branch of a tree and transmit the vibration to said branch in order to tear down the fruits existing therein. Machine 40 is designed to be piggybacked by an operator using a harness (not shown). In the example shown in Fig. 10, the machine 40 is supported against the hip on the right side of the operator by means of a body support 64. The operator operates the machine 40 by means of a handle 65 for the right hand, in which several governing bodies are incorporated, and a handle 66 for the left hand. For the purpose of the present description, the tube 60 of the machine 40 represents the first part 41 referred to in Figs. 1 to 9, while the body support 64 and the handles 65, 66 each represent, separately, the second part 42 cited above. Here, the first part 41 is an active part, subjected to alternative vibration or movement, and the second part 42 is a passive part that is desired to be isolated from said alternative vibration or movement.
Pasando a la Fig. 12, en ella se muestra de manera ampliada la unión del apoyo corporal 64 y la empuñadura 65 al soporte tubular 60 de la máquina 40 por medio de elementos o grupos de elementos 1 , 1a de acuerdo con la presente invención. Aunque se contempla la posibilidad de realizar una unión en la que una zona de la primera parte 41 de la máquina 40, dispositivo o implemento mecánico esté conectada por un único elemento o grupo de elementos (no mostrado) a una zona respectivamente enfrentada de la segunda parte 42 de la máquina 40, se prefiere que al menos dos zonas de la primera parte 41 de la máquina 40 estén conectadas por sendos elementos o grupos de elementos 1 , 1a, 1b a al menos dos zonas respectivamente enfrentadas de la segunda parte 42 de la máquina 40, dispositivo o implemento mecánico. La unión del apoyo corporal 64 (o segunda parte 42) al soporte tubular 60Turning to Fig. 12, it shows in an enlarged manner the union of the body support 64 and the handle 65 to the tubular support 60 of the machine 40 by means of elements or groups of elements 1, 1a according to the present invention. Although the possibility of making a joint is contemplated in which an area of the first part 41 of the machine 40, device or mechanical implement is connected by a single element or group of elements (not shown) to an area respectively facing the second part 42 of the machine 40, it is preferred that at least two zones of the first part 41 of the machine 40 are connected by two elements or groups of elements 1, 1a, 1b to at least two respectively facing areas of the second part 42 of the machine 40, device or mechanical implement. The union of body support 64 (or second part 42) to tubular support 60
(o primera parte 41) constituye un ejemplo en el que las citadas dos zonas de la segunda parte 42 están en un mismo lado y dos respectivos elementos 1 substancialmente paralelos entre sí conectan las dos zonas de la segunda parte con las correspondientes dos zonas de la primera parte. Se habrá notado que los elementos 1 son del tipo sencillo descrito más arriba en relación con las Figs. 1 a 3, cada uno de los cuales está compuesto por un cuerpo 10 y unos primer y segundo miembros de fijación 31 , 32, aunque igualmente podría efectuarse el mismo montaje con elementos 1a, 1b del tipo complejo descrito más arriba en relación con las Figs. 8 y 9. En cualquier caso, debido a que no hay un tope en cuanto a la aproximación del apoyo corporal 64 (o segunda parte 42) al soporte tubular 60 (o primera parte 41), en este montaje es ventajoso seleccionar el material de los cuerpos anulares para proporcionar una predeterminada resistencia al aplastamiento en los sectores extremos curvos de los cuerpos anulares con el fin de limitar dicha aproximación mediante un tope relativamente elástico.(or first part 41) is an example in which the said two zones of the second part 42 are on the same side and two respective elements 1 substantially parallel to each other connect the two zones of the second part with the corresponding two zones of the first part. It will be noted that elements 1 are of the simple type described above in relation to Figs. 1 to 3, each of which is composed of a body 10 and first and second fixing members 31, 32, although the same assembly could also be carried out with elements 1a, 1b of the complex type described above in relation to Figs . 8 and 9. In any case, because there is no stop as regards the approximation of the body support 64 (or second part 42) to the tubular support 60 (or first part 41), in this assembly it is advantageous to select the material of the annular bodies to provide a predetermined crush resistance in the curved end sectors of the bodies annular in order to limit this approach by a relatively elastic stop.
Por el contrario, y siguiendo con la Fig. 12, la unión de la empuñadura 65 de la mano derecha (o segunda parte 42) al soporte tubular 60 (o primera parte 41) constituye un ejemplo en el que las citadas dos zonas de la segunda parte 42 están dispuestas en lados opuestos de la primera parte 41 , y donde dichos elementos o grupos de elementos 10, 20; 31 , 32, 33 quedan substancialmente alineados. Para ello, en el ejemplo ilustrado, las dos zonas de la primera parte 41 están materializadas por un par de brazos 43, 44 fijados al soporte tubular 60 de manera que delimitan un marco rígido dentro del cual va montada la empuñadura 65 mediante elementos 1a del tipo complejo descrito en la Fig. 8, es decir, con los primer y segundo cuerpos 10, 20 y los primer, segundo y tercer miembros de fijación 31 , 32, 33, aunque igualmente se podría instalar con los elementos 1 del tipo simple descrito en las Figs. 1 a 3. Dado que la distancia entre los mencionados brazos 43, 44 es fija, y que los elementos 1a están alineados, los movimientos de aproximación/alejamiento de los tramos alargados de los elementos 1a situados en lados opuestos de la empuñadura se compensan mutuamente.On the contrary, and following with Fig. 12, the joining of the handle 65 of the right hand (or second part 42) to the tubular support 60 (or first part 41) constitutes an example in which the said two zones of the second part 42 are arranged on opposite sides of the first part 41, and where said elements or groups of elements 10, 20; 31, 32, 33 are substantially aligned. For this, in the illustrated example, the two zones of the first part 41 are materialized by a pair of arms 43, 44 fixed to the tubular support 60 so as to delimit a rigid frame within which the handle 65 is mounted by means of elements 1a of the complex type described in Fig. 8, that is, with the first and second bodies 10, 20 and the first, second and third fixing members 31, 32, 33, although it could also be installed with elements 1 of the simple type described in Figs. 1 to 3. Since the distance between the aforementioned arms 43, 44 is fixed, and that the elements 1a are aligned, the movements of approach / distance of the elongated sections of the elements 1a located on opposite sides of the handle compensate each other. .
Volviendo atrás a la Fig. 11 , la unión de la empuñadura de la mano izquierda 66 (o segunda parte 42) al soporte tubular 60 (o primera parte 41) constituye un ejemplo en el que tres zonas de la primera parte 41 están conectadas por respectivos elementos o grupos de elementos 1 a tres zonas respectivamente enfrentadas de la segunda parte 42, y donde dicha segunda parte 42 tiene una forma envolvente respecto a la primera parte 41 y dichas tres zonas están dispuestas a intervalos angulares substancialmente regulares respecto a un centro de dicha forma envolvente, quedando dichos elementos 1 inclinados en direcciones substancialmente convergentes. Los cuerpos 10 de los elementos 1 están orientados en la dirección longitudinal del soporte tubular 60 de la máquina 40 puesto que esta es la dirección principal del movimiento vibratorio generado por el mecanismo generador de vibración 62, aunque igualmente podrían estar orientados en otras direcciones.Turning back to Fig. 11, the attachment of the left hand grip 66 (or second part 42) to the tubular support 60 (or first part 41) is an example in which three zones of the first part 41 are connected by respective elements or groups of elements 1 to three respectively facing zones of the second part 42, and wherein said second part 42 has an enveloping shape with respect to the first part 41 and said three zones are arranged at substantially regular angular intervals with respect to a center of said enveloping form, said elements 1 being inclined in substantially convergent directions. The bodies 10 of the elements 1 are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the tubular support 60 of the machine 40 since this is the main direction of the vibratory movement generated by the vibration generating mechanism 62, although they could also be oriented in other directions.
Pasando ahora a la Fig. 13, en ella se muestra una variante de la unión entre la empuñadura de la mano izquierda 66 y el soporte tubular 60 (no mostrado en la Fig. 13). Aquí, la unión se realiza por medio de elementos 1a del tipo complejo descrito con relación a la Fig. 8, cada uno de los cuales comprende los primer y segundo cuerpos 10, 20 y los primer, segundo y tercer miembros de fijación 31 , 32, 33. La empuñadura 66 define un arco alrededor de una base 67, la cual está provista de unos medios de fijación 68 para su unión al soporte tubular 60. Los citados medios de fijación 68 comprenden, por ejemplo, un agujero dispuesto para recibir ajustadamente el soporte tubular 60, y una rendija 68 que se extiende desde la parte exterior de la base 67 al agujero, estando previsto un tornillo de apriete para estrechar el agujero disminuyendo la anchura de la rendija. Los elementos 1a conectan las tres zonas de la empuñadura 66 con tres zonas de la base 67 y están distribuidos a intervalos angulares de 120° e inclinados en direcciones substancialmente convergentes hacia el centro del agujero de la base 67.Turning now to Fig. 13, it shows a variant of the connection between the left hand grip 66 and the tubular support 60 (no shown in Fig. 13). Here, the connection is made by means of elements 1a of the complex type described in relation to Fig. 8, each of which comprises the first and second bodies 10, 20 and the first, second and third fixing members 31, 32 , 33. The handle 66 defines an arc around a base 67, which is provided with fixing means 68 for attachment to the tubular support 60. The said fixing means 68 comprise, for example, a hole arranged to receive tightly the tubular support 60, and a slit 68 extending from the outside of the base 67 to the hole, a clamping screw being provided to narrow the hole by decreasing the width of the slit. The elements 1a connect the three zones of the handle 66 with three zones of the base 67 and are distributed at 120 ° angular intervals and inclined in substantially convergent directions towards the center of the hole of the base 67.
Finalmente, en la Fig. 14 se muestra una variante de la unión de la empuñadura de la mano derecha 65 (o segunda parte 42) al soporte tubular 60 (o primera parte 41) de la máquina 40. En este ejemplo, la segunda parte 42 tiene un primer extremo 42a y un segundo extremo 42b. En lados opuestos del primer extremo 42a se encuentran dos de las citadas zonas de unión y en lados opuestos del segundo extremo 42b se encuentran otras dos de las zonas de unión. Dos zonas de unión de la primera parte 41 están materializadas por un par de apéndices 45a, 45b de un primer brazo 45 fijado al soporte tubular 60 y otras dos zonas de unión de la primera parte 41 están materializadas por un par de apéndices 46a, 46b de un segundo brazo 46 fijado al soporte tubular 60, de manera que delimitan un marco rígido dentro del cual va montada la empuñadura 65 mediante elementos 1 del tipo simple descrito en las Figs. 1 a 3, es decir, con el primer cuerpo 10, y los primer y segundo miembros de fijación 31 , 32, aunque igualmente se podría instalar con los elementos 1a, 1b del tipo complejo descrito en las Figs. 8 y 9. A diferencia del ejemplo de montaje descrito con relación a la Fig. 14, aquí dos elementos 1 están substancialmente alineados en lados opuestos de dicho primer extremo 42a y otros dos elementos 1 están substancialmente alineados en lados opuestos de dicho segundo extremo 42b, mientras que los dos elementos 1 del primer extremo 42a están substancialmente paralelos a los dos elementos 1 del segundo extremo 42b. Un conjunto de cables eléctricos y/o de transmisión mecánica están enfundados en una manguera flexible 47 conectada al primer extremo 42a de la empuñadura 65 (o segunda parte 42) para conectar eléctrica y/o mecánicamente los órganos de control de la empuñadura 65 con el motor 61 y otros dispositivos asociados. La condición flexible de los cables y la manguera 47 permite un movimiento relativo entre la empuñadura 65 y el soporte tubular 60 sin dañarlos.Finally, in Fig. 14 a variant of the connection of the right hand grip 65 (or second part 42) to the tubular support 60 (or first part 41) of the machine 40 is shown. In this example, the second part 42 has a first end 42a and a second end 42b. On opposite sides of the first end 42a there are two of said joining areas and on opposite sides of the second end 42b there are two other of the joining areas. Two joining areas of the first part 41 are materialized by a pair of appendages 45a, 45b of a first arm 45 fixed to the tubular support 60 and two other joining areas of the first part 41 are materialized by a pair of appendages 46a, 46b of a second arm 46 fixed to the tubular support 60, so that they delimit a rigid frame within which the handle 65 is mounted by means of elements 1 of the simple type described in Figs. 1 to 3, that is, with the first body 10, and the first and second fixing members 31, 32, although it could also be installed with elements 1a, 1b of the complex type described in Figs. 8 and 9. Unlike the assembly example described in relation to Fig. 14, here two elements 1 are substantially aligned on opposite sides of said first end 42a and two other elements 1 are substantially aligned on opposite sides of said second end 42b , while the two elements 1 of the first end 42a are substantially parallel to the two elements 1 of the second end 42b. A set of electrical and / or mechanical transmission cables are wrapped in a flexible hose 47 connected to the first end 42a of the handle 65 (or second part 42) to electrically and / or mechanically connect the control elements of the handle 65 with the 61 engine and other associated devices. The flexible condition of the cables and the hose 47 allows relative movement between the handle 65 and the tubular support 60 without damaging them.
Un experto en la materia será capaz de introducir numerosos cambios, variaciones y combinaciones sin salirse del alcance de la invención según está definido por las reivindicaciones adjuntas. One skilled in the art will be able to introduce numerous changes, variations and combinations without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- Elemento de absorción y aislamiento de componentes bi- o tridimensionales de movimiento, aplicable a máquinas, dispositivos e implementos mecánicos, caracterizado porque está integrado por al menos un primer cuerpo (10), de configuración anular alargada, en forma de una banda de anchura significativamente mayor que su grosor, de material flexible y resistente a la tracción, que comprende dos tramos alargados (12) opuestos, mutuamente enfrentados, enlazados por unos sectores extremos curvos (13), y unos primer y segundo miembros de fijación (31 , 32) que conectan dichos tramos alargados (12) a unas respectivas primera y segunda partes (41 , 42) de una máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico susceptibles de movimientos relativos con componentes al menos bi-dimensionales, operando dicho primer cuerpo (10) frente a dichos movimientos relativos mediante al menos unos desplazamientos longitudinales en direcciones opuestas de los tramos alargados (12) y primer y segundo miembros de fijación (31 , 32) unidos a los mismos y unos desplazamientos de aproximación/alejamiento de los tramos alargados (12).1.- Absorption and isolation element of two- or three-dimensional movement components, applicable to machines, devices and mechanical implements, characterized in that it is integrated by at least a first body (10), of elongated annular configuration, in the form of a band of width significantly greater than its thickness, of flexible and tensile resistant material, which comprises two opposite elongated sections (12) facing each other, linked by curved end sectors (13), and first and second fixing members (31 , 32) connecting said elongated sections (12) to respective first and second parts (41, 42) of a machine (40), device or mechanical implement capable of relative movements with at least two-dimensional components, said first body operating (10) against said relative movements by at least longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of the elongated sections (12) and first and second m fixation seeds (31, 32) attached to them and displacements of approach / distance of the elongated sections (12).
2.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho primer cuerpo (10) está constituido por una porción de banda o correa (11 a) unida por sus extremos formando un bucle cerrado.2. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that said first body (10) is constituted by a portion of band or belt (11 a) joined at its ends forming a closed loop.
3.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho primer cuerpo (10) está constituido por una banda o correa continua (11b) formando un bucle cerrado, el cual es de configuración circular en ausencia de fuerzas externas aplicadas al primer cuerpo (10). 3. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that said first body (10) is constituted by a continuous band or belt (11b) forming a closed loop, which is of circular configuration in the absence of external forces applied to the first body (10).
4.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el citado material flexible y resistente a la tracción del primer cuerpo (10) está seleccionado en conjunción con las dimensiones del mismo para proporcionar una predeterminada resistencia al aplastamiento en dichos sectores extremos curvos (13). 4. Element, according to claim 1, characterized in that said flexible and tensile resistant material of the first body (10) is selected in conjunction with the dimensions thereof to provide a predetermined resistance to crushing in said curved end sectors (13).
5.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque el citado material flexible y resistente a la tracción del primer cuerpo (10) tiene un bajo coeficiente de fatiga por flexión. 5. Element according to claim 4, characterized in that said flexible and tensile resistant material of the first body (10) has a low coefficient of fatigue due to bending.
6.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque dicho segundo miembro de fijación (32) conecta el correspondiente tramo alargado (12) a dicha segunda parte (42) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico a través de un segundo cuerpo (20), de configuración general anular alargada, en forma de una banda (21) con dos tramos alargados6. Element, according to claim 1, characterized in that said second fixing member (32) connects the corresponding elongated section (12) to said second part (42) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement through of a second body (20), of elongated general annular configuration, in the form of a band (21) with two elongated sections
(22) opuestos, mutuamente enfrentados, enlazados por unos sectores extremos curvos (23), donde el segundo miembro de fijación (32) está conectado a uno de dichos tramos alargados (22) del segundo cuerpo (20) y un tercer miembro de fijación (33) conecta el otro de los tramos alargados (22) del segundo cuerpo (20) a dicha segunda parte (42) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico, estando dicho segundo cuerpo (20) dispuesto formando un ángulo respecto al primer cuerpo (10) y siendo las primera y segunda partes (42) susceptibles de movimientos relativos con componentes tri-dimensionales, operando los primer y segundo cuerpos (10, 20) frente a dichos movimientos relativos mediante unos desplazamientos longitudinales en direcciones opuestas de sus respectivos tramos alargados (12, 22) y primer y segundo y tercer miembros de fijación (31 , 32, 33) unidos a los mismos, y unos desplazamientos de aproximación/alejamiento de los respectivos tramos alargados (12, 22).(22) opposite, mutually opposite, linked by curved end sectors (23), where the second fixing member (32) is connected to one of said elongated sections (22) of the second body (20) and a third fixing member (33) connects the other of the elongated sections (22) of the second body (20) to said second part (42) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement, said second body (20) being arranged at an angle to to the first body (10) and the first and second parts (42) being susceptible to relative movements with three-dimensional components, the first and second bodies (10, 20) operating against said relative movements by means of longitudinal displacements in opposite directions of their respective elongated sections (12, 22) and first and second and third fixing members (31, 32, 33) attached thereto, and displacements of approach / distance of the respective elongated sections (12, 22).
7.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque el citado ángulo es un ángulo recto.7. Element according to claim 6, characterized in that said angle is a right angle.
8.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque el citado ángulo es un ángulo agudo.8. Element according to claim 6, characterized in that said angle is an acute angle.
9.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque al menos una zona de la primera parte (41) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico está conectada por al menos un elemento o grupo de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) a al menos una zona respectivamente enfrentada de la segunda parte (42) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico.9. Element, according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one area of the first part (41) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement is connected by at least one element or group of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) at least one area respectively facing the second part (42) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement.
10.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque al menos dos zonas de la primera parte (41) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico están conectadas por sendos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) a al menos dos zonas respectivamente enfrentadas de la segunda parte (42) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico. 1 - Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dichas al menos dos zonas de dicha segunda parte (42) están dispuestas en lados opuestos, y porque dichos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 ,10. Element, according to claim 6, characterized in that at least two zones of the first part (41) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement are connected by two elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) to at least two respectively facing areas of the second part (42) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement. 1 - Element, according to claim 10, characterized in that said at least two zones of said second part (42) are arranged on opposite sides, and that said elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31,
32, 33) quedan substancialmente alineados. 32, 33) are substantially aligned.
12.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dicha segunda parte (42) tiene un primer extremo (42a) en lados opuestos del cual se encuentran dos de las citadas zonas y un segundo extremo (42b) en lados opuestos del cual se encuentran otras dos de las citadas zonas, quedando dos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) substancialmente alineados en dicho primer extremo (42a) y otros dos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) substancialmente alineados en dicho segundo extremo (42b), y quedando los dos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20;12. Element, according to claim 10, characterized in that said second part (42) has a first end (42a) on opposite sides of which two of said zones are located and a second end (42b) on opposite sides of the which are two other of said zones, two elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) being substantially aligned at said first end (42a) and two other elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) substantially aligned at said second end (42b), and the two elements or groups of elements (10, 20;
31 , 32, 33) del primer extremo (42a) substancialmente paralelos a los dos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) del segundo extremo (42b).31, 32, 33) of the first end (42a) substantially parallel to the two elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) of the second end (42b).
13.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 11 ó 12, caracterizado porque dicha segunda parte (42) constituye una empuñadura (65) para una máquina portátil.13. Element according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that said second part (42) constitutes a handle (65) for a portable machine.
14.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dichas al menos dos zonas de dicha segunda parte (42) están en un mismo lado y dichos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) quedan substancialmente paralelos entre sí.14. Element, according to claim 10, characterized in that said at least two zones of said second part (42) are on the same side and said elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) remain substantially parallel to each other.
15.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 14, caracterizado porque dicha segunda parte (42) constituye un apoyo corporal para una máquina portátil.15. Element according to claim 14, characterized in that said second part (42) constitutes a body support for a portable machine.
16.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque al menos tres zonas de la primera parte (41) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico están conectadas por respectivos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) a al menos tres zonas respectivamente enfrentadas de la segunda parte (42) de la máquina (40), dispositivo o implemento mecánico.16. Element, according to claim 6, characterized in that at least three zones of the first part (41) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement are connected by respective elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) to at least three areas respectively facing the second part (42) of the machine (40), device or mechanical implement.
17.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque dicha segunda parte (42) tiene una forma envolvente respecto a la primera parte (41) y dichas al menos tres zonas están dispuestas a intervalos angulares substancialmente regulares respecto a un centro de dicha forma envolvente, quedando dichos elementos o grupos de elementos (10, 20; 31 , 32, 33) inclinados en direcciones substancialmente convergentes. 17. Element according to claim 16, characterized in that said second part (42) has an enveloping shape with respect to the first part (41) and said at least three zones are arranged at substantially regular angular intervals with respect to a center of said enveloping shape, said elements or groups of elements (10, 20; 31, 32, 33) being inclined in substantially convergent directions.
18.- Elemento, de acuerdo con la reivindicación 17, caracterizado porque dicha segunda parte (42) constituye una empuñadura (66) para una máquina portátil. 18. Element according to claim 17, characterized in that said second part (42) constitutes a handle (66) for a portable machine.
PCT/IB2004/000458 2003-02-21 2004-02-23 Element for absorbing and isolating of vibrations WO2004074708A1 (en)

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