WO2004074183A2 - Chemical composition for the treatment of water - Google Patents
Chemical composition for the treatment of water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004074183A2 WO2004074183A2 PCT/IB2004/000391 IB2004000391W WO2004074183A2 WO 2004074183 A2 WO2004074183 A2 WO 2004074183A2 IB 2004000391 W IB2004000391 W IB 2004000391W WO 2004074183 A2 WO2004074183 A2 WO 2004074183A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- mass
- water
- persulphate
- mixtures
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/683—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of complex-forming compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION relates to the treatment of water.
- the invention relates particularly to a chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof, for example, to a level suitable for human consumption.
- the invention also relates to a method of treating water to enhance the purity thereof.
- the treatment of water for human consumption purposes with chlorine- releasing agents is known.
- the chlorination of water for human consumption has been found to have a number of disadvantages including that chlorinated water has an unpleasant taste and smell. Further, when phenols are present in raw water which is chlorinated, the phenols can react with the chlorine, producing a compound known as trichlorophenol which produces a very unpleasant taste.
- a further disadvantage of chlorine-releasing agents for the treatment of water is that the chlorine-releasing agents merely kill off bacteria but do not clean the water ⁇ precipitating dissolved suspended matter in the water.
- a non-toxic and odourless chemical composition for use in treating water to enhance the purity thereof, for example for human consumption, which obviates the need for the use of chlorine-releasing agents.
- a chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof for example, to a level suitable for human consumption, the chemical composition comprising a mixture including: 35 - 60% by mass of a persulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal persulphates, ammonium persulphate and mixtures thereof; 15 - 30% by mass of a bisulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bisulphates, ammonium bisulphate and mixtures thereof; 5 - 20% by mass of a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal chlorides and mixtures thereof; 2 - 5% by mass of aluminium sulphate; and 1 - 3% by mass of copper sulphate.
- the Applicant envisages that a dosage of between 25mg and 100mg per litre of water will be required to purify water to a level suitable for human consumption, depending on the level of contamination of the water.
- 50mg of the chemical composition per litre of water would typically be sufficient to purify contaminated reservoir water; however, river water may typically require 50mg to 100mg of the chemical composition per litre of water to purify the water to a level suitable for human consumption.
- the persulphate may be selected from the group consisting of potassium persulphate, sodium persulphate, ammonium persulphate and mixtures thereof.
- the bisulphate in turn may be selected from the group consisting of potassium bisulphate, sodium bisulphate, ammonium bisulphate and mixtures thereof.
- the alkali metal bisulphate may be sodium bisulphate.
- the chemical composition may include 0.5 - 10% by mass of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, preferably 1 - 4%.
- the alkaline earth metal chloride may be calcium chloride.
- the chemical composition may include 0.5 - 6% by mass of a metal bicarbonate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bicarbonates and mixtures thereof.
- a metal bicarbonate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bicarbonates and mixtures thereof.
- the alkali metal bicarbonate is sodium bicarbonate.
- the chemical composition may include 5 - 10% by mass of ammonium chloride.
- the ammonium chloride may be replaced with 5 - 10% by mass of ammonium persulphate, provided that the ammonium persulphate and any alkali metal persulphates in the composition together form at most 60% by mass of the composition.
- the chemical composition may include 0.5 - 3% by mass ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) which complexes heavy metals in water to be treated.
- EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid
- the persulphate content may be 40 - 60% by mass; the bisulphate content may be 20 - 30% by mass; the alkaline earth metal chloride content may be 8 - 15% by mass; the aluminium sulphate content may be 2 - 4% by mass; the sodium tetraborate pentrahydrate content may be 1 - 4% by mass; the alkali metal bicarbonate content may be 3 - 6% by mass; and/or the ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid content may be 1 - 3% by mass.
- the Applicant believes that, in use, the copper sulphate has a bacteriocidal action; that the aluminium sulphate serves as a flocculant to precipitate suspended solids in water to be treated and thus cleans the water; that water which is purified with the chemical composition in accordance with the invention will initially become acidic due to the presence of the sodium bisulphate; that the initially acidic pH of the water accelerates the reaction time of the persulphate with the calcium chloride and with any ammonium chloride present to produce a sanitizer; that the composition also creates an acidic environment which allows the persulphate to work at optimum efficacy; that any sodium tetraborate pentahydrate present promotes a pH of approximately 9 while any bicarbonate present promotes a pH of approximately 8.3, and the persulphate promotes a pH of approximately 5; that any sodium tetraborate compound pentahydrate present acts as a mild disinfectant which can combine with persulphate compound and chloride
- the active life of hypochlorous acid is approximately three hours in sunlight, whereas, also without being bound by theory, the sanitizer of the present invention is believed to be generated in an ongoing reaction between the persulphate compound and the chloride ions present which can last much longer , with the benefit that, should bacteria be re-introduced to the water, the sanitizer can still be active and kill off the newly introduced bacteria; and the further benefit that, with the prolonged generation of the sanitizer, a better kill rate of bacteria is achieved when compared to chlorine-releasing agents which can only be introduced at certain specific concentrations, namely by 3 - 5mg/l!, owing to the potential toxicity of chlorine and of the by-products generated by chlorine. In the case of chlorine this may not be enough to kill excessive amounts of bacteria within the three-hour active period of hypochlorous acid.
- the invention extends to a method of treating water to enhance the purity thereof, the method comprising the step of admixing, with raw water to be treated, a composition as described and defined above.
- composition which the water may be at a dosage rate of 25 - 100mg composition/ ⁇ water, preferably at a dosage rate of 50-1 OOmg composition/!! water.
- a chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof to a level suitable for hum consumption comprises a mixture of the following compounds in the following proportions, by mass:
- a further chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof to a level suitable for human consumption comprises a mixture of the following compounds in the following proportions, by mass:
- Example 2 ammonium persulphate is included in the chemical composition and replaces the ammonium chloride in the mixture of Example 1. As a result, the amount of calcium chloride is increased to maintain the level of chloride ions which are introduced into water to be treated, in use.
- a still further chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof in accordance with the present invention comprises a mixture of the following compounds in the following proportions, by mass:
- the constituent ingredients of the chemical composition and the relative amounts thereof, have been selected to treat water while promoting pH levels for desirable efficacy of the ingredients so that water treated with the chemical composition is as far as possible suitable for human consumption.
Abstract
The invention provides aσhemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof. The chemical composition comprises a mixture including 35-60% by mass of a persulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal persulphates, ammonium persulphate and mixtures thereof; 15- 30% by mass of a bisulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bisulphates, ammonium bisulphat and mixtures thereof; and 5-20% by mass of a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal chlorides and mixtures thereof. The mixture also includes 2-5% by mass of aluminium sulphate and 1-3% by mass of copper sulphate.
Description
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF WATER
THIS INVENTION relates to the treatment of water. The invention relates particularly to a chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof, for example, to a level suitable for human consumption. The invention also relates to a method of treating water to enhance the purity thereof.
In order to be suitable for human consumption water should be bacteria-free, odour-free, tasteless and clear and should optimally have a pH of between 7.6 and 8.3.
The treatment of water for human consumption purposes with chlorine- releasing agents, is known. The chlorination of water for human consumption has been found to have a number of disadvantages including that chlorinated water has an unpleasant taste and smell. Further, when phenols are present in raw water which is chlorinated, the phenols can react with the chlorine, producing a compound known as trichlorophenol which produces a very unpleasant taste. A further disadvantage of chlorine-releasing agents for the treatment of water is that the chlorine-releasing agents merely kill off bacteria but do not clean the water ^ precipitating dissolved suspended matter in the water.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-toxic and odourless chemical composition for use in treating water to enhance the purity thereof, for example for human consumption, which obviates the need for the use of chlorine-releasing agents.
According to the invention there is provided a chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof, for example, to a level suitable for human consumption, the chemical composition comprising a mixture including: 35 - 60% by mass of a persulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal persulphates, ammonium persulphate and mixtures thereof; 15 - 30% by mass of a bisulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bisulphates, ammonium bisulphate and mixtures thereof; 5 - 20% by mass of a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal chlorides and mixtures thereof; 2 - 5% by mass of aluminium sulphate; and 1 - 3% by mass of copper sulphate.
The Applicant envisages that a dosage of between 25mg and 100mg per litre of water will be required to purify water to a level suitable for human consumption, depending on the level of contamination of the water. For example, 50mg of the chemical composition per litre of water would typically be sufficient to purify contaminated reservoir water; however, river water may typically require 50mg to 100mg of the chemical composition per litre of water to purify the water to a level suitable for human consumption.
The persulphate may be selected from the group consisting of potassium persulphate, sodium persulphate, ammonium persulphate and mixtures thereof.
The bisulphate in turn may be selected from the group consisting of potassium bisulphate, sodium bisulphate, ammonium bisulphate and mixtures thereof. Preferably the Applicant envisages that the alkali metal bisulphate may be sodium bisulphate.
The chemical composition may include 0.5 - 10% by mass of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, preferably 1 - 4%. The alkaline earth metal chloride may be calcium chloride.
The chemical composition may include 0.5 - 6% by mass of a metal bicarbonate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bicarbonates and mixtures thereof. Conveniently the alkali metal bicarbonate is sodium bicarbonate.
In one embodiment of the chemical composition, the chemical composition may include 5 - 10% by mass of ammonium chloride. In another embodiment of the chemical composition, the ammonium chloride may be replaced with 5 - 10% by mass of ammonium persulphate, provided that the ammonium persulphate and any alkali metal persulphates in the composition together form at most 60% by mass of the composition.
The chemical composition may include 0.5 - 3% by mass ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) which complexes heavy metals in water to be treated.
In various preferred compositions according to the present invention, independently of one another, the persulphate content may be 40 - 60% by mass; the bisulphate content may be 20 - 30% by mass; the alkaline earth metal chloride content may be 8 - 15% by mass; the aluminium sulphate content may be 2 - 4% by mass; the sodium tetraborate pentrahydrate content may be 1 - 4% by mass; the alkali metal
bicarbonate content may be 3 - 6% by mass; and/or the ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid content may be 1 - 3% by mass.
Without being bound by theory, the Applicant believes that, in use, the copper sulphate has a bacteriocidal action; that the aluminium sulphate serves as a flocculant to precipitate suspended solids in water to be treated and thus cleans the water; that water which is purified with the chemical composition in accordance with the invention will initially become acidic due to the presence of the sodium bisulphate; that the initially acidic pH of the water accelerates the reaction time of the persulphate with the calcium chloride and with any ammonium chloride present to produce a sanitizer; that the composition also creates an acidic environment which allows the persulphate to work at optimum efficacy; that any sodium tetraborate pentahydrate present promotes a pH of approximately 9 while any bicarbonate present promotes a pH of approximately 8.3, and the persulphate promotes a pH of approximately 5; that any sodium tetraborate compound pentahydrate present acts as a mild disinfectant which can combine with persulphate compound and chloride ions present to generate a stable sanitizer; that the EDTA when present can complex any heavy metals present in the water to be purified, to protect the persulphate compound, thereby allowing the persulphate compound to remain active for longer, thus prolonging the generation of the sanitizer. In the case of chlorine-releasing agents, the active life of hypochlorous acid is approximately three hours in sunlight, whereas, also without being bound by theory, the sanitizer of the present invention is believed to be generated in an ongoing reaction between the persulphate compound and the chloride ions present which can last much longer , with the benefit that, should bacteria be re-introduced to the water, the sanitizer can still be active and kill off the newly
introduced bacteria; and the further benefit that, with the prolonged generation of the sanitizer, a better kill rate of bacteria is achieved when compared to chlorine-releasing agents which can only be introduced at certain specific concentrations, namely by 3 - 5mg/l!, owing to the potential toxicity of chlorine and of the by-products generated by chlorine. In the case of chlorine this may not be enough to kill excessive amounts of bacteria within the three-hour active period of hypochlorous acid.
The invention extends to a method of treating water to enhance the purity thereof, the method comprising the step of admixing, with raw water to be treated, a composition as described and defined above.
The admixing of the composition which the water may be at a dosage rate of 25 - 100mg composition/^ water, preferably at a dosage rate of 50-1 OOmg composition/!! water.
The invention is further described hereinafter by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the following examples 1 - 3:
Example 1
A chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof to a level suitable for hum consumption, in accordance with the invention, comprises a mixture of the following compounds in the following proportions, by mass:
Potassium persulphate 48%
Sodium bisulphate 26%
Ammonium chloride 6%
Calcium chloride 8%
Aluminium sulphate 4%
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate 1%
Copper sulphate 2%
EDTA 1%
Example 2
A further chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof to a level suitable for human consumption, in accordance with the invention, comprises a mixture of the following compounds in the following proportions, by mass:
Potassium persulphate 40%
Sodium bisulphate 25%
Ammonium persulphate 8%
Calcium chloride 15%
Aluminium sulphate 4%
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate 1 %
Copper sulphate 2%
Sodium bicarbonate 4%
EDTA 1%
In Example 2, ammonium persulphate is included in the chemical composition and replaces the ammonium chloride in the mixture of Example 1. As a result, the
amount of calcium chloride is increased to maintain the level of chloride ions which are introduced into water to be treated, in use.
Example 3
A still further chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof in accordance with the present invention comprises a mixture of the following compounds in the following proportions, by mass:
Potassium persulphate 48%
Sodium bisulphate 24%
Calcium chloride 15%
Aluminium sulphate 4%
Sodium bicarbonate 5%
Copper sulphate 2%
EDTA 2%
The constituent ingredients of the chemical composition and the relative amounts thereof, have been selected to treat water while promoting pH levels for desirable efficacy of the ingredients so that water treated with the chemical composition is as far as possible suitable for human consumption.
Claims
1. A chemical composition for the treatment of water to enhance the purity thereof, the chemical composition comprising a mixture including:
35 - 60% by mass of a persulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal persulphates, ammonium persulphate and mixtures thereof;
15 - 30% by mass of a bisulphate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bisulphates, ammonium bisulphate and mixtures thereof;
5 - 20% by mass of a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metal chlorides and mixtures thereof;
2 - 5% by mass of aluminium sulphate; and
1 - 3% by mass of copper sulphate.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, in which the persulphate is selected from the group consisting of potassium persulphate, sodium persulphate, ammonium persulphate and mixtures thereof.
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the bisulphate is selected from the group consisting of potassium bisulphate, sodium bisulphate, ammonium bisulphate and mixtures thereof.
4. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 - 3 inclusive, which includes 0.5 - 10% by mass of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate.
5. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the alkaline earth metal chloride is calcium chloride.
6. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which includes 0.5 - 6% by mass of a metal bicarbonate selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal bicarbonates and mixtures thereof.
7. A composition as claimed in Claim 6, in which the alkali metal bicarbonate is sodium bicarbonate.
8. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which includes 5 - 10% by mass of ammonium chloride.
9. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which includes 0.5 - 3% by mass of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA).
10. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the persulphate content is 40 - 60% by mass.
11. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the alkaline earth metal chloride content is 8 - 15% by mass.
12. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the aluminium sulphate content is 2 - 4% by mass.
13. A composition as claimed in Claim 4, in which the sodium tetraborate persulphate content is 1 - 4% by mass.
14. A composition as claimed in claim 6 or Claim 7, in which the alkali metal bicarbonate content is 3 - 6% by mass.
15. A composition as claimed in claim 9, in which the ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid content is 1 - 3% by mass.
16. A composition as claimed in claim 1 , substantially as described herein with reference to the Examples.
17. A method of treating water to enhance the purity thereof, the method comprising the step of admixing, with raw water to be treated, a composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 - 16 inclusive.
18. A method as claimed in claim 17, in which the admixing of the composition with the water is at a dosage rate of 25 - 100mg composition/ i water.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, in which the dosage rate is 50 - 100mg composition/ i water.
20. A method as claimed in claim 17, substantially as described herein with reference to the Examples.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200301314 | 2003-02-18 | ||
| ZA2003/1314 | 2003-02-18 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004074183A2 true WO2004074183A2 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| WO2004074183A3 WO2004074183A3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
Family
ID=32909110
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2004/000391 WO2004074183A2 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-17 | Chemical composition for the treatment of water |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2004074183A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200507503B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007127587A1 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-11-08 | General Electric Company | Polymeric chelant and coagulant to treat metal-containing wastewater |
| WO2008065631A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Joanne Raphael Katz | Method and composition for treating water |
| WO2010023336A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Distribuidora Pool Magic 2004, S.L | Flocculating algicide composition |
| CN105540774A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-05-04 | 张锐 | Sewage treatment purifying agent and preparation method for same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5501802A (en) * | 1993-04-22 | 1996-03-26 | Fmc Corporation | Method for treating water using an organic sanitizer and a persulfate |
| GB2305426A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-04-09 | Peter Glen Cox | The purification of water |
| US5700377A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1997-12-23 | Cox; Peter Glen | Purification of water |
| US6149821A (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-11-21 | Advanced Water Technology, Inc. | Balanced water purification system |
-
2004
- 2004-02-17 WO PCT/IB2004/000391 patent/WO2004074183A2/en active Application Filing
-
2005
- 2005-09-16 ZA ZA200507503A patent/ZA200507503B/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5501802A (en) * | 1993-04-22 | 1996-03-26 | Fmc Corporation | Method for treating water using an organic sanitizer and a persulfate |
| GB2305426A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-04-09 | Peter Glen Cox | The purification of water |
| US5700377A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1997-12-23 | Cox; Peter Glen | Purification of water |
| US6149821A (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-11-21 | Advanced Water Technology, Inc. | Balanced water purification system |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007127587A1 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-11-08 | General Electric Company | Polymeric chelant and coagulant to treat metal-containing wastewater |
| US7722841B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2010-05-25 | General Electric Company | Polymeric chelant and coagulant to treat metal-containing wastewater |
| WO2008065631A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Joanne Raphael Katz | Method and composition for treating water |
| WO2010023336A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Distribuidora Pool Magic 2004, S.L | Flocculating algicide composition |
| US20110171322A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-07-14 | Distribuidora Pool Magic 2004, Sl | Flocculating algicide composition |
| CN105540774A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-05-04 | 张锐 | Sewage treatment purifying agent and preparation method for same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200507503B (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| WO2004074183A3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
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