WO2004070446A1 - Cable a fibres optiques avec gaine de maintien - Google Patents
Cable a fibres optiques avec gaine de maintien Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004070446A1 WO2004070446A1 PCT/FR2003/003920 FR0303920W WO2004070446A1 WO 2004070446 A1 WO2004070446 A1 WO 2004070446A1 FR 0303920 W FR0303920 W FR 0303920W WO 2004070446 A1 WO2004070446 A1 WO 2004070446A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- outer layer
- cable
- retaining sheath
- cable according
- micro
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 9
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000531908 Aramides Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/4438—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables for facilitating insertion by fluid drag in ducts or capillaries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
- G02B6/50—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts
- G02B6/52—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts using fluid, e.g. air
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber optic telecommunication cable, particularly for connecting user telecommunication installations to switching and routing centers.
- connection of user installations by optical fibers is planned to be carried out at the request of users, using individual micro-pipes or mini-pipes to be allocated to users respectively.
- the telecommunications operator managing these user connection lines only connects users who request them, which is more economical than pre-wiring a priori potentially "connectable" user installations without being certain that the users of these installations are interested in a connection line to one or more optical fibers.
- each MCO micro-conductor or mini-conductor contains an MCA micro-cable or mini-cable dedicated to a user or a group of users and installed at the request of the user or group of users.
- Two micro-cables or mini-cables are shown in Figure 1, and five micro-cables or mini-cables MCO are awaiting the installation of micro-cables or mini-cables.
- a sheath G can coat the assembly of MCO microconduits or mini-conduits so as to constitute a “multi-micro-conduits” or “ulti- ini-conduits” system, as shown in FIG. 1.
- micro -conduits have an internal diameter between 3 mm and 5 mm and an external diameter between 5 mm and 8 mm and each include a micro-cable having an external diameter less than or equal to 3 mm, in general from 0.8 mm to 2 mm.
- the mini-pipes and mini-cables have larger sections than the micro-pipes and micro-cables.
- mini-pipes have an internal diameter between 6 mm and 12 mm and an external diameter between 8 mm and 15 mm.
- the mini-cables have an external diameter less than or equal to 11 mm, in general from 3 mm to 10 mm.
- each micro-cable in a micro-pipe or each mini-cable in a mini-pipe is generally installed by blowing or by portage.
- Figure 2 shows schematically the installation of a micro cable or a mini cable
- micro-cable or mini-cable MCA in a micro-pipe or mini-pipe MCO by a blowing technique.
- the micro-cable or mini-cable MCA is unwound from a loose wheel R around which the micro-cable or the mini-cable is wound in a coil and which turns freely around the axis of a support SU placed on the ground.
- One free end of the micro-cable or the mini-cable MCA is provided with an OB shell having a section substantially smaller than that of the micro-pipe or the mini-pipe MCO.
- micro-cable or mini-cable is pulled by the shell and is thus unwound from the wheel R thanks to a thrust exerted by an air flow AC tablet exerted behind the OB shell, following the FT traction arrow longitudinally to the micro-pipe or mini-pipe.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an installation of a micro-cable or a mini-cable MCA by porting in a micro-pipe or a mini-pipe MCO.
- the mini-cable or micro-cable is unwound from a wheel R mounted madly on a support SU resting on the ground, thanks to two rollers RO rotating in opposite directions which pull the micro-cable or the mini-cable MCA in the micro-conduct or mini-conduct MCO.
- a FL fluid such as air or water, to be injected under pressure into the micro-pipe or the MCO mini-pipe allows the micro-cable or the mini-cable to "float" in the micro-pipe or the - mini - driving, while being pushed by the two RO rollers. Carrying provides much less mechanical stress on the micro-cable or mini-cable than the blowing shown in Figure 2.
- the mini-cables and micro-cables of optical fiber telecommunications intended to be installed respectively in the micro-pipes and the micro-pipes include a thin sheath of support which offers a relatively high coefficient of friction on the micro- hard plastic pipes and mini-pipes. Consequently the retaining sheath relatively brakes the progression of the micro-cable or the mini-cable in the micro-pipe or in the mini-pipe by blowing compressed air or by floating in the fluid and pushed by the rollers.
- the retaining sheath offers a low stiffness which generates a collapse of the micro-cable or the mini-cable which is all the more pronounced as the latter. spans a great length in the micro-pipe or mini-pipe. Any exaggerated support of the retaining sheath against the wall of the microconduit or of the mini-pipe slows down the advance of the micro-cable or the mini-cable.
- the main objective of the invention is to reduce the friction of a fiber optic cable when it is laid in a pipe, particularly by blowing or carrying, while maintaining cohesion of the various elements making up the cable and a high compactness of the cable and without degrading the transmission quality and the lifetime of the optical fibers included in the cable.
- a telecommunication cable having optical fibers contained in a thin retaining sheath is characterized in that it comprises an external layer surrounding the retaining sheath and having a coefficient of friction lower than that of the retaining sheath.
- the outer layer is the component of the cable which can be in direct contact with the wall of a micro-pipe or a mini-pipe, the reduction of the coefficient of friction of the cable by a choice of the coefficient of friction of the layer external external lower than that of the current holding sheaths reduces the tensile forces exerted on the cable during installation by blowing or carrying.
- the thickness of the outer layer is a few tenths of a millimeter and thus of the same order as the thickness of the retaining sheath, which keeps a compactness high to cable. This high compactness is even higher if the optical fibers are clamped in the holding sheath by mechanical coupling therewith or by means of the holding sheath enclosing optical fiber modules, and by mechanical coupling of the outer layer and of the retaining sheath surrounded by the outer layer.
- a second objective of the invention is to increase the stiffness of the telecommunication fiber optic cable in order to facilitate the linear behavior of the cable in a micro-pipe or mini-pipe over a great length from several tens to hundreds of meters, while avoiding curvatures or folds of the assembly with retaining sheath and external layer generating a straw effect.
- the stiffness of the outer layer is greater than the stiffness of the retaining sheath surrounded by the outer layer.
- FIG. 1 is a section of an existing pipe containing seven micro-pipes or mini-pipes, two of which each contain a micro-cable or a mini-cable with optical fibers, according to the prior art already discussed;
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an installation for laying by blowing a micro-cable in a micro-pipe or a mini-cable in a mini-pipe according to the prior art already discussed;
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an installation for laying by carrying a micro-cable in a micro-pipe or a mini-cable in a mini-pipe according to the prior art already discussed;
- - Figure 4 is a very large section of a micro-cable with three optical fibers and a mechanical reinforcing fiber according to the invention
- - Figure 5 shows schematically an isntallation for measuring a coefficient of friction of a cable according to the invention
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of a tensile force exerted on a cable sample in the installation according to Figure 5 as a function of the movement of the cable sample;
- FIG. 7 and 8 schematically show a test installation for measuring the stiffness of a fiber optic cable respectively before and after that one end of the cable is subjected to a predetermined bending force
- FIG. 9 is a large-scale section of a mini-cable according to the invention, including seven modules each with twelve optical fibers and mechanical reinforcement fibers.
- a telecommunication micro-cable 1 essentially comprises several optical fibers 2, a retaining sheath 3 and an external layer 4, as shown in FIG. 4.
- the mini-cable 1 without the external layer is analogous to a module , also called micro-module, enveloped by the retaining sheath 3 of small thickness which is easily tearable and contains a series of optical fibers, as disclosed in European patent EP-0468878.
- Each optical fiber 2 is typically composed of a silica core 5 having a cross section SI with a diameter of approximately 0.125 mm, and a colored identification coating 6 having a thickness of 0.062 mm, ie a diameter of optical fiber 2 of about 0.250 mm.
- the mini-cable 1 can for example comprise 2 to 12 optical fibers, and the substantially oval or circular section of the mini-cable is adapted to the number of optical fibers.
- 3 to 4 optical fibers are provided inside the retaining sheath 3.
- the layers 6 of the optical fibers have different colors from each other to better distinguish them during a connection.
- the retaining sheath 3 called “microgain” ( ⁇ sheath (registered trademark)), is thin and easily tearable and generally has a substantially cylindrical shape enveloping the optical fibers 2.
- the retaining sheath 3 encloses the fibers optics 2 which are in a determined number, for example equal to four, or six, or eight or twelve to keep the optical fibers grouped and thus to constitute a compact module, also called "micromodule”.
- the retaining sheath 3 is in contact with the optical fibers and is mechanically coupled with the optical fibers 2. In practice, when the number of optical fibers 2 contained in the retaining sheath 3 is relatively high, only the optical fibers at the periphery external of the module are in contact with the sheath 3.
- the previous coupling between the optical fibers 2 and the retaining sheath 3 is defined as a mechanical coupling between two elements meaning that any stress applied to one of the elements is passed on to the other element, or when one of the elements is requested, the other is also required without requiring bonding or any other fixing of one of the elements to the other.
- a tensile force exerted on the retaining sheath 3 integrally translates the optical fibers 2 contained in the retaining sheath with the latter, and conversely a tensile force exerted on all of the optical fibers integrally translates the sheath holding with said assembly; said tensile forces are of course limited to the maximum admissible values before rupture by the components 2, 3 on which they are exerted.
- the mechanical coupling between the retaining sheath and the optical fibers ensures cohesion of the retaining sheath and of the fibers that it contains and ensures a high compactness of the module thus formed.
- the retaining sheath 3 is relatively thin and has a thickness of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter, typically 0.25 mm.
- a microgaine used in practice in a telecommunications cable according to the aforementioned European patent, ie in practice 0.15 mm, is therefore thinner than the retaining sheath 3 in a cable according to the invention.
- the retaining sheath 3 with this thickness constitutes a cushioning pad for any stresses exerted by the thinner outer layer 4.
- the retaining sheath 3 is adapted to the characteristics of the materials constituting the optical fibers which enclose them by mechanical coupling so that the expansion and retraction forces due to temperature variations are much less than the stresses leading to degradation of the optical fibers.
- the relatively small thickness of the retaining sheath avoids subjecting the fibers to elongation and compression stresses during thermal cycles.
- the material of the retaining sheath 3 is typically an amorphous thermoplastic material, or an elastomer, or a thermoplastic material which may contain mineral fillers.
- the retaining sheath 3 is preferably put in place by extrusion around the optical fiber module 2, simultaneously with the pulling and assembly of the optical fibers 2 which may be twisted alternately in SZ periodically.
- the interior of the retaining sheath 3 can be filled with a filling material 7, such as a gel or a silicone or synthetic oil or grease, with which the optical fibers are coated prior to their passage through a die. extrusion of the retaining sheath.
- the filling material 5 longitudinally seals the interior of the sheath.
- the retaining sheath 3 contains, in addition to the optical fibers 2, one or more mechanical reinforcement fibers 8, called stabilization fibers, as defined in the international patent application WO 98/21615.
- the total number of reinforcing fibers 8 can be less than or equal to or greater than the total number of optical fibers 2 in a retaining sheath 3.
- the reinforcing fibers 8 have a diameter substantially equal to that of optical fibers 2 and have mechanical properties similar to optical fibers so that they are interchangeable with them.
- the reinforcing fibers are glass fibers, carbon fibers or aramide fibers.
- the reinforcing fibers 8 are also mechanically coupled, with the optical fibers 2 to the retaining sheath 3.
- the reinforcing fibers have a coefficient of thermal expansion preferably less than or equivalent to that of optical fibers.
- the reinforcing fibers 8 preferably have a coefficient of thermal expansion less than the assembly with retaining sheath 3 and external layer 4, or even lower than that of the optical fibers, in order to exert resistance to possible variations in length of the assembly 3-4 so that the overall thermal coefficient resulting from the assembly 3-4 and of the reinforcing fibers 8 is substantially equal to that of the optical fibers 2.
- the reinforcing fibers 8 ensure a longitudinal coupling with the assembly 3-4 in which the optical fibers as well as the reinforcing fibers are arranged without an excess length, that is to say with a longitudinal coupling of so that a mechanical or thermal stress generating an elongation or a compression of the assembly 3-4 leads to a homogeneous elongation or a homogeneous compression of the assembly 3-4 and of the optical fibers.
- the retaining sheath 3 in the micro-cable 1 having N optical fibers 2 has mechanical characteristics defined relative to those of the optical fibers, particularly to prevent micro-bending in the optical fibers when the mini-cable is subjected to temperature variations from -40 ° C to +85 ° C approximately.
- the following inequality is satisfied: ( ⁇ 3.E3.S3) ⁇ [( ⁇ 5.E5.S5) + ( ⁇ 6.E6.S6)] (N / 14) + ' ( ⁇ 7.E7.
- ⁇ 3, E3 and S3 denote a coefficient of thermal expansion / compression, a Young's modulus in tension and a section of the holding sheath 3, ⁇ 5, E5 and S5 denote a thermal expansion / compression coefficient, a Young modulus in tension and a section of the core 5 of each optical fiber 2, ⁇ 6, E6 and S ⁇ denote a thermal expansion / compression coefficient, a Young modulus in tension and a section of the coating 6 of each optical fiber, and ⁇ 7, E7 and S7 denote a coefficient of thermal expansion / compression, a Young's modulus in traction and a section of the filling material 7 corresponding to the internal cutting surface of the retaining sheath 3 without the sections of the optical fibers 2.
- the retaining sheath 3 has a coefficient of expansion / compression ⁇ 3 less than approximately 80.10 / ° C for a temperature between -40 ° C and +80 ° C, a Young's modulus in traction E3 less than approximately 10 MPa , thickness less than about 0.35 mm, a Young's modulus in bending less than about 50 MPa and a hardness less than about 45 Shore D units.
- the outer layer 4 has an extremely low coefficient of friction so as to limit the tensile forces exerted on the micro-cable 1 during the laying of the latter in great length in an MCO micro-pipe as well by blowing as shown in Figure 2, only by carrying in a fluid such as air or water under pressure, as shown in Figure 3.
- the coefficient of friction of the outer layer 4 is less than about 0.060 so that the mini-cable slides almost without friction in an MCO micro-pipe made of high density polyethylene (HDPE).
- the outer layer is made of a polyamide, or of a polyester, or of a polyfluoroethene such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- the coefficient of friction of the outer layer 4 is significantly lower than that of the retaining sheath 3 which is typically of the order of 0.1 to 0.2, that is to say the coefficient of friction of the layer external 4 is at least substantially less than half the coefficient of friction of the retaining sheath 3.
- the coefficient of friction f of the outer layer 4 of the micro-cable 1, that is to say the coefficient of friction of the micro-cable 1, can be measured as follows, with reference to FIG. 5.
- a sample of smooth circular micro-pipe MCO in high density polyethylene with an internal diameter greater than the diameter of the micro-cable 1 is wound on 2.75 turns on a rigid circular fixed support S with a diameter of 500 mm.
- the internal and external diameters of the MCO micro-pipe are 3.8 mm and 5.0 mm.
- a sample of micro-cable 1 for example including 12 optical fibers and having an external diameter of 2 , 0 mm and a length of about ten meters is introduced by sliding into the micro-pipe, as shown in Figure 5.
- the other end of the micro-cable sample is connected to a traction machine MT applying a controlled traction force T.
- the test consists of pulling on the micro-cable sample at a predetermined speed V typically of 1000 mm / min imparted by the traction machine MT and taking up the tensile force T necessary for the movement X of the micro-cable.
- the length of the displacement is sufficient to be able to correctly establish a permanent displacement regime, and is typically of the order of 500 mm.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a recorded curve of the displacement X expressed in millimeters as a function of the tensile force T expressed in Newton.
- the thickness of the external layer 4 is small and clearly less than that of the retaining sheath 3. Since the materials with a low coefficient of friction are generally hard, even rigid, the invention takes care to avoid any risk of straw at the curvature or the fold of the micro-cable.
- the thickness of the layer 4 must nevertheless be sufficient to increase the stiffness of the micro-cable without however being too flexible in order to install the micro-cable by carrying it in a fluid, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the thickness of the outer layer 4 is typically between approximately 20 ⁇ m and approximately 100 ⁇ m for a Young's modulus in tension between approximately 40 MPa and approximately 100 MPa, and for a Young's modulus in bending comprised between 800 MPa approximately and 2500 MPa approximately.
- the hardness of the outer layer 4 is greater than about 80 Shore D units, that is to say between 100 and 200 Rockwell R units approximately. The hardness of the outer layer 4 is thus significantly greater than the hardness of the retaining sheath 3, in a ratio of at least approximately 2.
- the stiffness of the external layer 4 is thus greater than the stiffness of the retaining sheath 3 in order to increase the stiffness of the micro-cable compared to a cable only with the microgain 3 containing the same number of optical fibers 2.
- the stiffness of the micro-cable 1 is measured as follows with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. A sample of micro-cable 1 is mounted cantilevered and fixed in a clamp P so that a predetermined length L of l the micro cable sample protrudes from the clamp, as shown in figure 7. At the free end of the length L of the micro cable sample is applied a vertical force F perpendicular to the sample and the displacement Y which result is measured, as shown in figure 8.
- the predetermined length L is equal to 0.2 m and the applied force F is equal to 0.08 N for a micro-cable with twelve optical fibers having an external diameter 2.0 mm OD.
- the stiffness B of the micro-cable 1 with the outer layer 4 is approximately twice superior to that of a known micro-cable with 12 optical fibers and support sheath without external layer.
- the stiffness B is naturally dependent on the diameter of the micro-cable. According to the invention, the stiffness of the micro-cable corresponds to the following inequality:
- the material of the outer layer 4 has a coefficient of thermal expansion / compression between approximately 100.10 / ° C and approximately 300.10 / ° C for temperatures between approximately -40 ° C and approximately +80 ° C.
- the coefficient of expansion / compression of the complete micro-cable is not increased too much thanks to the thinness of the external layer 4 compared to a known module with support sheath, which gives acceptable opto-thermal performance of the micro-cable.
- the outer layer 4 has at least one of the following characteristics: Young's modulus in tension, Young's modulus in bending, coefficient of expansion / compression and hardness, greater than that of the retaining sheath 3 surrounded by the outer layer.
- the outer layer 4 is deposited by extrusion around the retaining sheath 3.
- the retaining sheath 3 and the outer layer 4 are put in place by extrusion around the module consisting of all of the optical fibers 2 and any mechanical reinforcement fibers 8.
- the retaining sheath 3 and the external layer 4 can be produced simultaneously with the assembly of the optical fibers 2 in module.
- the outer layer 4 is mechanically coupled to the retaining sheath 3 in the direction of the mechanical coupling as defined above so that the assembly 3-4 encloses the assembly of optical fibers 2 and any reinforcing fibers 8 and confers mechanical cohesion between elements 2, 3 and 4 and compactness with the micro-cable 1.
- the mechanical coupling between the retaining sheath 3 and the external layer 4 prevents the retaining sheath from undergoing compressions and extensions which are dangerously repercussions in the optical fibers 2; the harder and stiffer outer layer 4 attenuates such constraints when, according to the invention, it is mechanically coupled to the optical fibers 2 via the retaining sheath 3.
- the push rollers RO would advance the outer layer 4 relative to the assembly 2-3 if the outer layer 4 was not coupled to the retaining sheath 3.
- a telecommunication cable constitutes a mini-cable 9 with optical fibers analogous to a super-module as disclosed in the international patent application WO 02/31568, but with an outer layer according to the invention.
- the mini-cable 9 comprises several fiber optic modules 10, for example seven in number as shown in FIG. 9, and more generally at least two fiber optic modules 10. The relatively small number of modules 10 in the mini-cable 9 makes it possible to clearly distinguish the modules from each other.
- Each optical fiber module 10 constitutes a micro-cable similar to that shown in FIG. 4, but without an external layer 4.
- each module 10 comprises several optical fibers 2 each having a silica core 5 coated with a colored identification layer 6, and a retaining sheath 3, called "microgaine", which has a small thickness, which is easily tearable and which is mechanically coupled with all of the optical fibers that it contains in order to enclose them.
- a module 10 comprises 2 to 12 optical fibers.
- a module 10 can comprise a filling material 7 as a sealant and one or more mechanical reinforcing fibers 8 contained in the module, for example two reinforcing fibers for ten optical fibers per module.
- the filling material 7 fills the entire space between the optical fibers 2 and any mechanical reinforcement fibers 8 in the retaining sheath 4.
- the mini-cable 9 includes a retaining sheath 11 surrounding all the modules 10 contained in the mini-cable so as to group them together and keep them together.
- the retaining sheath 11 is in contact with the retaining sheaths 3 of the modules 10 which are located at the periphery of the mini-cable, and is mechanically coupled with the retaining sheaths 3 of the modules 10 to enclose these.
- the mechanical coupling between the holding sheaths 3 and the holding sheath 11 must be understood according to the definition set out above, that is to say any stress such as traction applied to the holding sheath 11 of the mini-cable 9 and passed on on the holding sheaths 3 of the modules 10, and conversely any stress applied on the holding sheaths 3 of the modules 10 is passed on to the holding sheath 11 of the mini-cable 9.
- the retaining sheath 11 of the mini-cable 9 has physical characteristics analogous to the retaining sheaths 3 of the modules 10, that is to say to the retaining sheath 3 of the micro-cable 1.
- the sheath of maintenance 11 has a Young's modulus in tension of less than approximately 10 MPa, a coefficient of thermal expansion / compression of less than 80.10 / ° C for a temperature between - 40 ° C to +80 ° C, a thickness between 0 , Approximately 10 mm and approximately 0.50 mm, a Young's modulus in bending less than approximately 50 MPa, and a hardness less than approximately 45 Shore D units.
- the mini-cable 9 also includes an outer layer 12 which is mechanically coupled to the holding sheath 11 of the mini-cable.
- the outer layer 12 of the mini-cable 9 has physical characteristics analogous to the outer layer 4 of the micro-cable 1.
- the outer layer 12 has a Young's modulus in tension of between approximately 40 MPa and approximately 100 MPa, a expansion / compression coefficient between approximately 100.10 / ° C and 300.10 / ° C, for a temperature between approximately -40 ° C and approximately +80 ° C, a Young's modulus in flexion between approximately 800 MPa and approximately 2500 MPa , and a hardness greater than about 45 Shore D units, that is to say between 100 and 200 Rockwell R units approximately.
- the outer layer 12 has a coefficient of friction f of less than about 0.060.
- the mini-cable 9 has a stiffness B greater than
- the external diameter of the mini-cable 9 for 144 optical fibers being significantly larger than the external diameter of the micro-cable 1 which is typically 2.0 mm for twelve optical fibers
- the external retaining sheath 11 and the external layer 12 of the mini - ' cable 9 are generally thicker than the retaining sheaths 3 of the optical fiber modules 10 and the outer layer 4 of the micro-cable 1.
- the thickness of the retaining sheath 11 or of the outer layer 12 is between 0.10 mm approximately and 0.50 mm approximately.
- a filling material 13 can fill the entire space between the modules 10 and the retaining sheath 11 in the mini-cable 9, the modules 10 being coated with the material 13 before they pass through an extrusion die of the retaining sheath 11 and the outer layer 12.
- the filling material 13 is a sealant, such as gel or oil or silicone or synthetic grease.
- the retaining sheaths 3 of the modules 10 are coated with the sealant 13 prior to their passage through a die to simultaneously put in place by extrusion the outer layer 12 and the retaining sheath 11 around the modules 10.
- the sheath holding 11 and the outer layer 12 are produced simultaneously with a drawing and an assembly of the modules 10, and therefore simultaneously with a drawing and an assembly of the optical fibers of each module.
- the modules 10 can be twisted in SZ so that all the modules have the same length and are stressed homogeneously during mechanical stresses such as bending in particular.
- the filling material 13, like the filling material 7 in a sheath 3 of a module 10 or of a micro-cable 1, is produced by "dry process” by combining powder swelling and / or swelling strings and / or swelling ribbons in the presence of water so as to form a plug.
- the plug prevents spread water on the one hand between the optical fibers 2 inside the holding sheath 3 of each module 10 or micro-cable 1, on the other hand between the modules 10 inside the sheath of holding 11 of the mini-cable 9.
- the external layer 4 of the micro-cable 1 or the external layer 12 of the mini cable 9 may include an identification means for identifying the micro-cable or mini-cable and distinguishing it from other micro-cables or mini-cables.
- the identification means is for example a colored external identification film coating fixed to the external layer 4, 12 or integrated into the mass of the external layer 4, 12.
- the identification means can be constituted by one or more nets or bands having predetermined colors different from each other and extending longitudinally or helically on the outer layer 4, 12. These external threads or bands can be extruded simultaneously with the outer layer 4, 12, or be printed for example with a or different indelible inks or paints on the outer layer.
- the means of identifying the micro-cable or the mini-cable 9 comprises a mark or sign which is composed of alpha-numeric characters and which is marked on the external layer 4, 12 preferably periodically and longitudinally and / or helically.
- the mark is preferably fluorescent so that it is more visible in low light.
- the material of the outer layer 4, 12 is translucent, for example made of polyamide or polyester.
- a mark such as one or more nets or bands or marks or signs is printed in ink on the retaining sheath 3, 11 surrounded by the outer layer and is readable through the outer layer 4, 12. In this way, the ink marking thus produced is resistant to abrasion.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03815702A EP1588201A1 (fr) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-12-26 | Cable a fibres optiques avec gaine de maintien |
AU2003303881A AU2003303881A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-12-26 | Optical fiber cable with retaining sheath |
US11/165,920 US7082241B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2005-06-24 | Optical fiber cable with retaining sheath |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR03/00204 | 2003-01-09 | ||
FR0300204A FR2849929B1 (fr) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | Cable a fibres optiques avec gaine de maintien |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/165,920 Continuation US7082241B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2005-06-24 | Optical fiber cable with retaining sheath |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004070446A1 true WO2004070446A1 (fr) | 2004-08-19 |
Family
ID=32524792
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/003920 WO2004070446A1 (fr) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-12-26 | Cable a fibres optiques avec gaine de maintien |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7082241B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1588201A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003303881A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2849929B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004070446A1 (fr) |
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WO2015014385A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Câble optique pour réseaux terrestres |
EP1600801B1 (fr) | 2002-08-10 | 2016-04-13 | Emtelle UK Limited | Ensemble de câbles à fibres optiques pour installation de soufflage |
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FR2914752B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-06 | 2009-07-03 | Draka Comteq France | Cable de telecommunication a fibres optiques |
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CN105487186B (zh) * | 2016-01-20 | 2019-04-16 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | 一种适宜气送及穿管布线的低摩擦微型光缆 |
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MX2021004283A (es) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-05-31 | Corning Res & Dev Corp | Cable de acometida multicapa de baja atenuacion. |
US11215777B2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2022-01-04 | Corning Research & Development Corporation | Cable skin layer with access sections integrated into a cable jacket |
CN111596427A (zh) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 江苏中天科技股份有限公司 | 气吹微缆及其制备方法 |
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2003
- 2003-01-09 FR FR0300204A patent/FR2849929B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-26 WO PCT/FR2003/003920 patent/WO2004070446A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-26 AU AU2003303881A patent/AU2003303881A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-26 EP EP03815702A patent/EP1588201A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-06-24 US US11/165,920 patent/US7082241B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP0468878A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-01-29 | Societe Industrielle De Liaisons Electriques - Silec | Câble de télécommunication à fibres optiques |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1600801B1 (fr) | 2002-08-10 | 2016-04-13 | Emtelle UK Limited | Ensemble de câbles à fibres optiques pour installation de soufflage |
WO2015014385A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Câble optique pour réseaux terrestres |
US9715076B2 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2017-07-25 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Optical cable for terrestrial networks |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050238300A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
US7082241B2 (en) | 2006-07-25 |
FR2849929A1 (fr) | 2004-07-16 |
EP1588201A1 (fr) | 2005-10-26 |
AU2003303881A1 (en) | 2004-08-30 |
FR2849929B1 (fr) | 2005-04-15 |
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