WO2004063544A1 - Method for utilizing the residual energy of heat engines - Google Patents
Method for utilizing the residual energy of heat engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004063544A1 WO2004063544A1 PCT/DE2003/000068 DE0300068W WO2004063544A1 WO 2004063544 A1 WO2004063544 A1 WO 2004063544A1 DE 0300068 W DE0300068 W DE 0300068W WO 2004063544 A1 WO2004063544 A1 WO 2004063544A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- engine
- residual energy
- hydrogen peroxide
- engines according
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
- C01B15/01—Hydrogen peroxide
- C01B15/027—Preparation from water
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/407—Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of waste energy from heat engines.
- an aggregate is proposed that chemically binds atmospheric oxygen and produces hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which is either mixed into the fuel or decomposes through controlled catalysis. When it decays, it expands to the engine by releasing the previously used residual energy inform kinetic energy and emits oxygen in statu nascendi, which optimizes the combustion.
- molecular hydrogen which is produced in the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, is fed to the engine or a fuel cell, without the need for electrolytically splitting water.
- the unit can be used with conventional engines.
- a machine equipped with the aggregate which is operated with H 2 O 2 and water and burns molecular hydrogen with atomic oxygen
- a suitable machine combines the principles of internal and external combustion, and a thermal / electric hybrid drive, which is a fuel cell uses, designs.
- H 2 is often separated from hydrocarbon in reformers in order to avoid the known problems of the storage and explosion risk of H 2 .
- the disadvantage here is that CO 2 continues to be emitted, albeit to a somewhat lesser extent than when operating heat engines. This disadvantage also affects the currently predominantly 98% global industrial production of H 2 from natural gas.
- the electrical conversion of H 2 from fossil sources in fuel cells is ecologically less problematic than the thermal use, for example in vehicles, because of the superior efficiency of electric motors, which of course must behave negatively in comparison to direct drive with natural gas.
- the object of the invention is to demonstrate the operation of stationary and mobile heat engines which minimizes CO 2 and pollutant emissions by using the otherwise lost residual energy of the machine and which uses fossil or regenerative energy sources rationally.
- FIG. 1 shows a representation of the isopropanol process
- FIG. 2 shows a stoichiometric diagram
- FIGS. 3 and 4 each show a heat engine with an electrochemical unit for producing H 2 O 2
- FIG. 5 shows one with O 2 and 2H 2 operated machine
- FIG. 6 a fuel cell hybrid drive
- FIG. 7 a reciprocating piston engine
- FIG. 8 a rotary piston engine
- FIG. 9 a machine with a combined steam / explosion drive
- FIG. 10 another machine with an electrochemical unit.
- thermoelectric processes are proposed in which acids which are circulated without residues are electrolyzed and are not consumed in the process.
- the oxidized acids (hereinafter “persulfates”) are subjected to steam hydrolysis in vacuo, in which two oxygen atoms are bound to the hydrogen molecule.
- the steam can either be provided via a heat exchanger or the exhaust gas is recycled.
- the counterpressure for venting the engine is reduced by the condensation of the exhaust steam and by releasing CO 2 from the circuit; the water regenerates when hydrogen is burned with oxygen through the detonating gas reaction.
- the electrical energy for the electrolysis of the circulating acid is generated generatively, the braking and thrust energy of a vehicle being recuperated inductively and the partial-load operation of the engine being avoided, so that a leveled operation in the ideal range is achieved, as in hybrid vehicles. This reduces the vehicle's effective energy requirements in addition to the energy gain.
- An exhaust gas turbine can also be used to generate electricity.
- isopropyl alcohol is oxidized at 90 ° - 140 ° C and 10 - 20 bar overpressure and subjected to a suspension hydrogenation; the alcohol is converted to acetone and H 2 O 2 .
- the method is fundamentally adaptable, it is particularly suitable for stationary heat engines.
- the waste heat from the machine and / or the exhaust gas can be used here;
- the gas dynamics of the exhaust gases, which are broken down by an exhaust gas turbine, are sufficient for the pressure build-up.
- Mixtures of H 2 O 2 solutions and acetone are explosives. For ignition, the acetone is therefore better injected into a combustion chamber filled with oxygen-rich water vapor than in the “hot Walter drives”, and possibly also mixed with another fuel.
- FIG. 1 shows the process in a flow diagram.
- the designations: 1a, 1b, 1c denote the cascade-like oxidation reactors, 2 a separator, 3 a first separation column, 4 the second separation column A fuel can if necessary, be removed from the first separation column (3). This If necessary, fuel can be mixed with another hydrocarbon.
- the second separation column (4) is followed by concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution by vacuum distillation, which is probably not necessary in this application.
- 2 shows the stoichiometric ratios at which acetone / hydrogen peroxide and water mixtures are capable of detonation, graphically and informally of a Gibb triangle.
- the explosive area (5; potential ⁇ 3/4 of the nitiric acid) is highlighted in gray. With different stoichiometric ratios, other hydrocarbons and hydrogen peroxide solutions also form explosive mixtures.
- Hydrocarbon / H 2 O 2 / H 2 O mixtures are therefore more energy-rich than conventional fuels and can be burned in heat engines; regulator-controlled dosing devices with flow sensors and pumps must provide these mixtures at the same time as the heat engine is operating.
- the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into H 2 O and oxygen enables steam to be used as an additional propulsion medium in piston engines and turbines.
- Undiluted H 2 O 2 has a very high active oxygen content of 47%.
- the explosiveness of the decay illustrates the formula:
- the electrochemical H 2 O 2 synthesis process is based on the anodic oxidation of the sulfate ion to the peroxodisulfate ion. Either sulfuric acid or acidic ammonium sulfate solutions are electrolyzed, or a mixture. In any case, pure hydrogen is also produced: 2H 2 SO 4 ⁇ H 2 S 2 O 8 + H 2
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a closed steam cycle for the hydrolysis of a persulfate which arises from the electrolysis of sulfuric acid.
- the exhaust of the heat engine (6a) does not feed the heat exchanger, but rather the circuit itself.
- the water vapor / carbon dioxide mixture is passed into a tubular reactor (7), or a bundle of such (micro) tubes, in which persulfate (8), preheated by the engine cooling water, is atomized.
- the reactor (7) is connected to a vacuum.
- the liquid acid / water mixture is separated from the gaseous H 2 O 2 / steam mixture in the separator (9).
- Both fractions are cooled or condensed.
- the hydrogen peroxide condenser (10) the carbon dioxide is simultaneously separated and released. If necessary, the condenser can be supported by a steam jet cooling machine integrated in the circuit or an absorber that is operated with the engine waste heat.
- the circulating acid (11) flows back into the electrolyzer (12) and is electrolyzed again.
- the resulting hydrogen is mixed into the fuel (13).
- the hydrogen peroxide flows to the decomposer (14).
- To the Decomposition of H 2 O 2 is suitable for homogeneous catalysis ions, especially heavy metal ions, in order of efficiency: Os " , Pd " , Pf, Ag " - catalysts that do not consume.
- the catalysis can take place at solid metallic interfaces;
- the decomposer (14) is followed by a pressure accumulator (15), similar to the common rail technology Vacuum pump (16) is driven mechanically or electrically, or by the expanding steam acting on a turbine, which is supported or used depending on the load by means of an electric motor / generator .
- Fig. 4 presents a variant with a heat exchanger (17), the steam being here by means of the waste gas heat and / or the engine waste heat is generated and water (18) is added.
- the machine can be operated with an excess of hydrogen peroxide, that is to say without the additional use of a hydrocarbon as fuel, as shown in FIG. 5.
- This engine (6b) burns 2H 2), which arises from the acid oxidation, with O 2 , which arises from the catalyzed hydrogen peroxide decay, to water vapor.
- the additional steam that results from the decomposition of the aqueous H 2 O 2 solution is used here not only to propel the piston or the turbine, but also to cool the very hot O 2 / 2H 2 combustion.
- new hydrogen peroxide is regenerated during operation of the engine using the residual energy that cannot be used directly to drive it.
- the thermal machines described thus use the potential energy of the hydrogen / oxygen bond in the water, which is developed through a chain reaction.
- the unit can be used to implement electrical / thermal hybrid drives in which H 2 is converted into fuel cells, informal serial hybrids with gas turbines or as parallel hybrid drives. With such hybrid drives, in contrast to known vehicle fuel cell drives, the recuperated braking energy can be fed into the fuel cell drive and, above all, the efficiency of electric motors, which is three times superior to that of internal combustion engines, can be used.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a serial hybrid drive, which is equipped with a self-sufficient fuel cell, which is operated indirectly with water and a hydrocarbon, and ideally does not require external refueling.
- a gas turbine (19) drives the generator (20), which supplies the electrolyzer (12).
- 21 denotes the fuel cell stack, 22 a module with converter and accumulator, 23 the electric traction motor, which at the same time functions inductively as a brake like a retarder and also feeds the electrolyser (12), 24 the output via a differential.
- the steam is introduced through the valve (27) at TDC.
- the hydrocarbon / H 2 injection takes place from the side through the valve (28) at half the piston travel and with the steam valve (27) closed, with tangential injection in order to trigger cyclonic stratified charge combustion.
- the UT has a slot vent (29) which, if necessary, can be used for cross-flow flushing with purge air.
- a second exhaust valve (30) is installed in the cylinder head, possibly a mechatronically controlled solenoid valve.
- This valve (30) opens during the upward movement of the piston and closes before the steam is introduced.
- the slot ventilation (29) outflowing steam sucks residual gas from the piston chamber according to the principle of the jet pump, for which purpose an overflow (31) is built into the exhaust steam line. If the oxygen supply is not sufficient to completely oxidize the mixture, air is either supplied via the purge or the pressure accumulator (15) is additionally charged with a compressor.
- FIG. 8 shows a corresponding Wankel engine (32) which performs two working cycles in one piston rotation.
- the steam inlets (33a, b) are located on opposite sides of the engine, the fuel injection (34a, b) takes place in the working chambers that open; the direction of rotation is assumed to be clockwise.
- the exhaust (35a, 35b) is opened through slots.
- a device is shown which allows the combustion chamber to be varied in a manner adapted to the power, in that the engine is operated as a single- or double-disc engine.
- the main shaft (36) of the front working chamber is designed as a hollow shaft in which the main shaft (37) of the rear working chamber runs.
- the shaft coupling is installed in front of the engine compartment as a rotating electromechanical slip coupling (38A) connected to the vehicle electrical system via sliding contacts; alternatively, a multi-plate clutch can be considered. Due to the good concentricity of two-stroke engines, cylinder deactivation can also be configured for reciprocating engines.
- the engine (25) in drawing Fig. 7 is shown in plan view as a three-cylinder, which works at slow speed as a single-cylinder engine instead of in partial load operation.
- the engine is also equipped with an electromechanical clutch (38B, here as a starting clutch), which adaptively compensates vibrations due to cylinder deactivation and continuously generates electricity for electrolysis in slip operation.
- This clutch can also be used as a starter (alternatively, for example, an electromechanical converter is mounted coaxially in the manner of a single-shaft hybrid).
- Drawing Fig. 9 shows a flow diagram in which the heat exchanger (17) emits the steam directly into the combustion chamber. Air is also blown in to achieve the combustion of the fuel.
- the air compression takes place outside the engine (6c) by means of a turbocharger (39) or a compressor. If a low-boiling hydrocarbon (petrol) is used, auto-ignition in the hot, compressed air is likely to be possible.
- the vapor pressure initially causes a delay in boiling; the ignition then takes place when the state of matter changes, and the steam is further expanded by the combustion.
- the atomized fuel is injected together with the vapor as a mist and air is injected tangentially for ignition.
- hydrogen peroxide is first required, which is decomposed.
- the H 2 O 2 is supplied from the outside, possibly in exchangeable cartridges.
- a self-sufficient variant, which additionally uses the H 2 O 2 synthesis method presented, is shown in the drawing in FIG. 10; the valve (40) regulates the supply of the steam.
- Engines for aircraft can also be operated advantageously with the inventive method for using residual energy; their structure can be similar to the fuel cell hybrid drive shown in FIG. 6, with the difference that the hydrogen produced is not introduced into a fuel cell but into the combustion chamber of a jet engine.
- gas turbines (19) which, as shown in FIG. 6, are operated with H 2 O 2 and a hydrocarbon, is that the power-consuming pre-compression is eliminated, which also makes the mechanical structure simpler and less expensive. Instead, the steam / O 2 mixture, which is already under pressure, is burned together with fuel in a prechamber (41), and a highly compressed working gas is introduced into the turbine.
- the turbine can drive a propeller, which is either installed in the form of a turboprop engine in front of the engine, or preferably in a similar manner to other jet engines in the engine casing, in order to supply the combustion chamber with compressed air in addition to the hydrogen.
- a propeller which is either installed in the form of a turboprop engine in front of the engine, or preferably in a similar manner to other jet engines in the engine casing, in order to supply the combustion chamber with compressed air in addition to the hydrogen.
- the current for the electrochemical oxidation of the circulating acid would be generated by a slow propeller and the waste heat from the combustion chamber could be used to generate steam.
- hydrogen peroxide and water are the fuels and no fossil fuel is burned, the structure of which corresponds in principle to the flow diagram in FIG. 5.
- the oxygen and hydrogen are burned in the jet engine, as in the case of corresponding liquid fuel rocket engines.
- a gas turbine with shaft power that generates the electricity for electrolysis compresses additional air for the jet propulsion.
- the turbine can either be operated with the entrained H 2 O 2 in the manner of the "cold Walter drive", or with hydrogen peroxide and a fossil fuel. If it works analogously to the "cold Walter drive” only with hydrogen peroxide decomposed to oxygen and steam, in a second combustion chamber ignites the exhaust steam with fossil fuels or cryogenic hydrogen; both combustion chambers open into a common nozzle.
- the electricity-generating heat engine can only be operated with fossil fuel or cryogenic hydrogen.
- piston engines for aircraft can also be realized with the drive system. These are composed, for example, of rotary piston motors of the type shown in FIG. 8 mounted in series, the shafts of which directly drive an adjustable propeller and a generator.
- the engine can, for example, be a jacket engine in which the jacket flow is the Motors cools. In this case it is also possible to decouple part of the working chambers via an electromechanical slip clutch (38).
- an additive jet engine with a downstream combustion chamber can be installed in this engine, which propels in ascending flight as described above with catalytically decomposing H 2 O 2 in the manner of a "cold” or " hot Walter drive “optionally supported as an afterburner, so that a temporary liquid fuel rocket drive is possible, while fuel-saving piston engines are used in cruising.
- the two construction methods described above make it possible to fly the aircraft in continuous operation with the secondary energy carrier hydrogen peroxide as fuel and to start it with a combination of fossil fuel and H 2 O 2 .
- the invention relates to stationary systems - ie gas turbine power plants, combined heat and power plants that work with piston engines - as well as land and water vehicles of all types and aircraft.
- Stationary fuel cell hybrid systems in the proposed design are an alternative to fuel cell heating plants with hydrocarbon reformers.
- Corresponding fuel cell drives are also planned for the electric drive of cars.
- the proposal represents the alternative to the fundamentally similar electrochemical splitting off of hydrogen from hydrocarbons, the advantage of which is due to the chain potential reaction of the energy potential of the hydrogen / oxygen binding of the water.
- On the energy-saving detour of the electrochemical oxidation of the acid ion it is possible to generate molecular hydrogen and atomic oxygen from water at the same time as the machine is running, without the electrolytic splitting of the water, which burns together with a fuel or as hypogolic fuels, or be implemented in a fuel cell.
- the electrochemical working principle is reminiscent of hybrid vehicles - even if it is not implemented in a hybrid drive - and in this respect hydrogen peroxide can also be seen here as a storage medium for electrical energy.
- the additional technical effort must therefore be compared with that for a hybrid vehicle; after all, it can be comparatively much smaller.
- Simplifications can ideally be implemented in the internal combustion engine due to the two-stroke principle, if only because three-cylinder engines can replace six-cylinder four-stroke engines on an equal basis.
- hydrogen peroxide offers advantages over hydrogen. It can be stored without pressure at normal temperatures in polyethylene tanks and can be transported in PE lines and can be filled up without any problems. H 2 O 2 can also be obtained as a secondary energy source using regenerative energies - i.e. from a solar, hydropower-based or geothermal source - and efficient production of combined heat and power would also be achieved with production in condensation power plants.
- a major advantage is the explosion safety of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions. Appropriate solutions are not flammable, but disintegrate in the presence of catalysts - an advantage compared to other fuels such as gasoline.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/000068 WO2004063544A1 (en) | 2003-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | Method for utilizing the residual energy of heat engines |
AU2003206619A AU2003206619A1 (en) | 2003-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | Method for utilizing the residual energy of heat engines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/000068 WO2004063544A1 (en) | 2003-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | Method for utilizing the residual energy of heat engines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004063544A1 true WO2004063544A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
Family
ID=32686871
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/000068 WO2004063544A1 (en) | 2003-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | Method for utilizing the residual energy of heat engines |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2003206619A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004063544A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3982391A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-09-28 | Reynolds Orr E | Apparatus and process for mechanical power production by acetylene combustion |
GB1520933A (en) * | 1975-01-22 | 1978-08-09 | Nissan Motor | Multiple spark ignition internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation |
US5177952A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-01-12 | Rockwell International Corporation | Closed cycle power system |
US6314732B1 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2001-11-13 | Theadore Lookholder | Hydrogen fueled power plant system |
-
2003
- 2003-01-11 AU AU2003206619A patent/AU2003206619A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-11 WO PCT/DE2003/000068 patent/WO2004063544A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3982391A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-09-28 | Reynolds Orr E | Apparatus and process for mechanical power production by acetylene combustion |
GB1520933A (en) * | 1975-01-22 | 1978-08-09 | Nissan Motor | Multiple spark ignition internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation |
US5177952A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1993-01-12 | Rockwell International Corporation | Closed cycle power system |
US6314732B1 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2001-11-13 | Theadore Lookholder | Hydrogen fueled power plant system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003206619A1 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE102006056354B4 (en) | Hybrid drive for an aircraft | |
DE69410276T2 (en) | PLASMATRON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SYSTEM | |
EP3163064A1 (en) | Engine group comprising a mixed fuel engine, and fuel supplying method thereof | |
DE3110511A1 (en) | "METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE THERMO-CHEMICAL HYDROGEN-OXYGEN COMBUSTION INTRODUCTION" | |
EP2912213B1 (en) | Oxy-hydrogen on-demand fuel system for internal combustion engines | |
US9051872B2 (en) | Hydrogen on-demand fuel system for internal combustion engines | |
US7789048B2 (en) | Electrolyzer powered by steam turbine in an engine exhaust pipe | |
JP2017160898A (en) | Water electrolytic hydrogen oxygen energy generation device for vehicle | |
DE10006743A1 (en) | Hybrid drive has external stimulator for electromagnetic converter rotated by thermal power machine w.r.t internal armature attached to drive shaft of machine or vehicle | |
AT502605B1 (en) | METHOD FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY, METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTRICALLY OPERATED MOTOR VEHICLE, AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES | |
EP2348254B1 (en) | Refueling system for a mobile machine | |
DE10132660A1 (en) | Process for utilizing the residual energy in thermoelectric machines comprises driving an aggregate with the residual energy, and chemically binding oxygen which is added to the machine | |
DE102010029972A1 (en) | Combustion engine drive assembly for e.g. motor car, has pump connected with input of expander, and electrical generator mechanically connected with expander driven shaft and electrically connected with electrolysis device | |
WO2004063544A1 (en) | Method for utilizing the residual energy of heat engines | |
EP2526177B1 (en) | Emission-free devices for performing mechanical work | |
DE102017205763A1 (en) | Vehicle, as well as electrolyzer | |
DE102016008835A1 (en) | Integrated exhaust gas utilization and fuel gasification plant for combustion engines of all kinds | |
GB2584531A (en) | Apparatus, system and method for high efficiency internal combustion engines and hybrid vehicles | |
EP0917620B1 (en) | Internal combustion engine with extended working cycle | |
EP2348253A1 (en) | Emission-free method for accomplishing mechanical work | |
DE102017205764A1 (en) | Vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, and electrolyzer | |
DE102021127949B4 (en) | Drive arrangement for a mobile, mobile with the drive arrangement and method for exhaust gas purification in the drive arrangement and/or in the mobile | |
Bailur et al. | Hydroxy Fuel Assistance for Internal Combustion Engine | |
Jamoshid et al. | Solar-operated hydrogen assisted combustion using solar PV panel to reduce vehicle's fuel consumption | |
WO2002057105A1 (en) | Drive mechanism, particularly for a vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine and at least one electric power generator |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003704204 Country of ref document: EP |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1-2005-501300 Country of ref document: PH |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2003704204 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |