WO2004063296A1 - Printing System - Google Patents
Printing System Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004063296A1 WO2004063296A1 PCT/GB2004/000097 GB2004000097W WO2004063296A1 WO 2004063296 A1 WO2004063296 A1 WO 2004063296A1 GB 2004000097 W GB2004000097 W GB 2004000097W WO 2004063296 A1 WO2004063296 A1 WO 2004063296A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- colour
- colours
- yellow
- printing
- orange
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/40—Ink-sets specially adapted for multi-colour inkjet printing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a colour printing system as well as devices and elements useful in that system.
- colour printing is based on the so called ' subtractive primaries' of red, blue and yellow. They are known as the 'subtractive primaries' because when they are mixed, in whatever proportion they become darker, light being absorbed or subtracted.
- J. C. Le Blon was among the first to apply the red, yellow, blue theory to colour printing.
- Additional inks can be added to the four process colours in particular for certain specialist operations.
- Pre-mixed colours produced by companies such as 'Pantone Inc' can be added to the four process colours to reproduce particular hues during offset printing for example. This process is however, expensive, does not add much in the way of luminosity, additional value or intensity. The inclusion of such colours can also lead to registration problems .
- pure 'primary' colours would be of little use in colour mixing as they would only ever produce a range of dull neutralised colours, greys and black.
- a pure red and a pure blue, for example would simply absorb each other's light when mixed, leading towards a black.
- the applicants have formulated a printing system which extends the gamut of colours achievable.
- a colour printing system comprising a combination of at least four coloured materials, each of a different colour, wherein at least three of the four colours are selected from 1. a violet-red; 2. an orange-red;
- the invention provides a colour printing system comprising a combination of six coloured materials, each of a different colour, wherein at least five of the six colours are selected from
- violet-red refers to a colour which when analysed spectroscopically, reflects in order of ⁇ quantity' or intensity, red followed by violet and then orange.
- violet-blue refers to a colour which when analysed spectroscopically, reflects in order of ⁇ quantity' or intensity, blue followed by violet and then green.
- green-blue refers to a colour which when analysed spectroscopically, reflects in order of ⁇ quantity' or intensity, blue followed by green and then violet.
- green-yellow refers to a colour which when analysed spectroscopically, reflects in order of quantity' or intensity, yellow followed by green and then orange.
- range-yellow refers to a colour which when analysed spectroscopically, reflects in order of ⁇ quantity' or intensity, yellow followed by orange and then green.
- Figure 1A represents an orange- red
- Figure IB represents a violet-red
- Figure 1C represents a green-blue
- Figure ID represents a violet-blue
- Figure IE represents an orange-yellow
- Figure IF represents a green-yellow.
- all colours will reflect to some extent, all the colours of the spectrum. For instance, every red reflects a certain amount of red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. However colours other than those specifically mentioned in respect of the colours listed above, have been found to have little bearing on colour mixing.
- the printing system of the invention includes all six of the colours listed above as (l)-(6).
- the selection of these six colours will give the widest possible gamut of print colours. However, where necessary a selection from amongst these colours may be made, and the selection may comprise three or four of the colours, combined with black or white.
- these colours are applied simultaneously, for example using a six colour printing system, so that this wide gamut of colours can be achieved from one print pass. This would be particularly suitable for example for the printing of much fine art and high quality books etc.
- the coloured materials which make up the system of the invention may be any colouring medium known in printing, such as inks, dyes, toners, pigments, colorants etc.
- the coloured materials making up the system of the invention will be coloured printing inks, and especially inks for use in offset printing or in screen printing for example onto fabrics .
- the coloured materials making up the system of the invention are supplied together, for example in a six-part container, one colouring material in each part.
- Such containers form a further aspect of the invention. They may be modular in nature, for example comprising two modules, each with three-parts, or comprising three modules, each with two parts. Other combinations may be possible. This provides greater flexibility for replenishing colours when one or other becomes used up.
- the modules are suitably adapted to fit together into the printing device.
- the system of the invention is applicable in all forms of colour printing including digital, conventional offset or screen printing or any other conventional form of colour printing, as well as in colour photocopiers.
- the invention provides a method of producing a colour print, said method comprising printing onto a substrate, colouring materials of a colour printing system as described above, in a manner and in a mixture so as to produce the desired design and colour thereon.
- Suitable substrates include paper, fabric such as canvass, plastics, wood, metal etc. as is conventional in the printing art. Generally the substrates will comprise paper or fabric.
- the full colour system of the invention is employed. However, this may not be convenient if only a four or even a two colour press is available.
- the cyan of a conventional system would be changed to a violet- blue.
- the orange-red would be used in place of the magenta (violet-red) and the yellow used would be the orange-yellow.
- this form of the invention could be used by applying the documents in two passes through the press, the first time with two of the selected colours, and the second with the other two, or with the third and black or white .
- the invention provides a method for producing a print using a combination of four different inks, which method comprises scanning a document to be printed, determining the optimum selection of four colours from amongst the colours listed as (l)-(6) above as well as black or white for carrying out the job, and using those four colours in a conventional two or four colour printing press .
- the selection will involve at least three of the colours listed as (l)-(6) above, together with white or black, and may preferably include a combination of four of the colours listed as (l)-(6) above.
- a combination of colouring materials selected for use in the method comprising at least three, and suitably four of the colours listed above as (l)-(6), provided that the combination is other than a combination of cyan, magenta, yellow and black.
- the six colour types used in the system of the invention are illustrated in Figure 2 hereinafter, which is known as the 'Colour Bias Wheel'.
- the six 'colour types' are shown in arrow form to indicate their various biases .
- a 'violet- red' is the ideal red to employ when mixing a bright violet as, after the red, yellow, green, blue and orange content has been absorbed during the mixing process a strong violet content will remain.
- pigments or dyes which may be used to produce the violet-red colouring material for use in the system of the invention include Pigment Violet 19 (Quinacridone Violet) , magenta as well as pigments designated PR2 CIN12310, PR5 CIN12490, PR7 CIN12420, PR23 CIN12355,
- Pigment Violet 19 is a transparent, intense pigment, possessing a high violet content. Magenta, although it carries less violet than Pigment Violet 19, is already fully established, and would be suitable for all work which did not require very bright violets .
- CIN refers to the colour index number, as is recognised in the art.
- Orange-red colouring materials such as inks, for use in the system of the invention may be produced for example using pigment Red 108 (Cadmium Red Light) . This is not transparent but is able to be thinned to simulate transparency. It is lightfast with a high orange content.
- pigments include PR4 CIN12085-PR6 CIN12090, PR9 CIN12460-PR48 : 1 CIN15865.1, and PR112 CIN12370-PR 188 CIN12467.
- a typical violet-blue colouring material for use in the invention are Pigment Blue 29 (Ultramarine Blue) , which is transparent, intense and possesses a high violet content, as well as PB1 CIN42595.2.
- Pigment Blue 15 (Phthalocyanine Blue) , which is transparent, intense and possesses a high green content, is an example of a pigment which may be used to colour the green-blue colouring material of the printing system of the invention.
- the standard cyan is an alternative that could be used, particularly where the greens did not have to be very bright.
- Other possible pigments include PB16 CIN74100, PB27 CIN77510 and PB33 CIN77112.
- pigments for producing the green-yellow colouring material of the system of the invention are Pigment Yellow 3 (Hansa Yellow) , a semi transparent pigment which is lightfast and has a high green content.
- Pigment Yellow 3 Haansa Yellow
- Other examples of possible pigments include PY4 CIN11665, PY14 CIN21095, PY31 CIN77103 and PY 53 CIN77788.
- orange-yellow pigments include Pigment Yellow 35 (Cadmium Yellow Light) , which is not transparent but, again, is able to be thinned to simulate transparency. It is lightfast with a high orange content.
- Other examples of possible pigments include PY1:1 CIN11680, PY55 CIN21096, PY83 CIN21108 and PY 95 CIN20034.
- every possible colour available from conventional 'Four Colour Process* printing is achievable.
- a number of improvements are possible.
- a wide range of brighter, 'cleaner' oranges can be obtained, as well as a wide range of brighter 'cleaner' violets (including various pinks, lavenders and purples) , a wide range of brighter 'cleaner' greens and a wide range of 'coloured greys'.
- system of the invention provides a particularly good predictability of final mixed colours.
- oranges are produced from a combination of Magenta and Yellow.
- Magenta 'leans' or is 'biased' towards violet (a violet-red).
- the yellow employed varies between a yellow which is slightly 'biased' towards orange (an orange-yellow) and a yellow which is slightly 'biased' towards green, a (green-yellow) .
- the mixed orange will be dull and greyed, because both the violet- red and the green-yellow are poor 'carriers' of orange. In other words neither reflects much orange and therefore cannot leave much of that colour behind after the subtractive process of mixing has taken place.
- the mixed orange will be at best of mid-intensity of brightness. This is because the violet-red is a poor "carrier” of orange and the orange-yellow is a good "carrier". Therefore, the violet-red magenta cannot leave much orange behind after the subtractive process has taken place, whereas the yellow will leave a large amount' . However, a combination of a small ⁇ amount' with a large 'amount' leads only to a mid-intensity orange. The colour cannot be any brighter as only the yellow is making any significant contribution of orange.
- the same range of mid-intensity violets outlined above will still be available as the same colour types, (the violet-red and the green-blue) are still available.
- a range of bright violets will also be available. They will be bright because the two colours which are vital for their production, a violet-red and a violet-blue will now be present. Violet-red and violet-blue both reflect a 'lot' of violet. The two ' large amounts ' of violet left behind after the subtractive process will ensure the required brightness.
- cyan is not the ideal green-blue when it comes to the production of bright greens . It is more of a compromise chosen to give 'reasonably' bright violets and greens.
- a green-blue ink preferably with a strong leaning towards green is used.
- a green-blue based on Pigment Blue 15 would be one option.
- the selection of the rich, green bearing yellow would be automatic.
- both the blue and the yellow are strongly biased towards green, very bright, intense greens become available.
- the traditional printing primaries, magenta, cyan and yellow can be combined to give reasonable darks but it means printing all three colours, one onto the other. Because the results are less than satisfactory, a black ink is also used. The three primary colours plus black make up the four colours in conventional Four Colour Process printing.
- Black is used to darken colours and to add detail. It is used to define shadow, middle tone and outline. Too little black results in a lack of contrast. In essence, when reproducing an artwork, it is usual to put a black vignette around every object in an artwork, thus inhibiting or stopping the colour progression required for the illusion of depth.
- the system of the invention does not use black in colour printing.
- colours can be darkened by adding the complementary colour. For example, yellow would darken violet (and vice versa) , green would darken red (and vice versa) and blue would darken orange (and vice versa) .
- the system of the invention suitably uses this approach to achieve dark colours or near blacks, in a particularly refined way.
- a green-yellow can be used to darken a red-violet (and vice versa) and an orange-yellow used to darken blue violet (and vice versa) .
- a blue-green would darken an orange-red (and vice versa) and a yellow-green, a violet-red (and vice versa) .
- Green-blue would be used to darken a red-orange (and vice versa) and a violet-blue to deepen a yellow-orange (and vice versa) .
- Black or near black may be mixed from complementary colours in many situations, for example to produce say a limited amount of text which accompanies many pieces of artwork, such as the title of a painting.
- One of the most important areas as far as accurate colour reproduction is concerned lies in the reproduction of artwork, paintings etc.
- the amount of black text required with this type of work is usually limited to the name of the painting and the artist. In such cases the black can be produced using complementary colours of the six colours of the system of the invention as discussed above.
- the system of the invention may be adapted to take account of this requirement in one of two ways.
- a colour work does not require all the six colours of the system
- one of the six colours, which is not required can be replaced with black to print the text.
- Whether or not a particular colour is going to be required in any particular case can be determined using a colour scan. If this scan did not show the need for the use of say the orange-yellow ink, because the colour work did not require the depiction of bright oranges, the orange-yellow ink could be replaced with a black ink.
- the black ink can be added as a further element to the system.
- the colour work could be printed in an initial print run with the black text applied on a separate printer. This could be a simple one-colour printer. Absolute accuracy of registration is not normally critical where text is concerned.
- white colouring material such as printing ink.
- white When white is added, for example as an ink or pigment, to any hue, it dulls the colour and makes otherwise transparent inks or paints more opaque.
- tints lighter versions of a colour
- White colouring material therefore, might be included in a system of the invention to produce lighter versions of any printable colour.
- printers Modification of a printer to allow it to deliver seven colours is also possible.
- the six colours of the system of the invention may be supplemented with black to provide maximal flexibility.
- Such printers may be novel and form a further aspect of the invention.
- a two or more colour printer would be required where the finished product (book or similar) required all the six colours of the system of the invention as well as black text and a varnish or other specialised finish such as an application of metallic or fluorescent ink.
- the dark orange could be printed separately, for example on a seventh printing plate of an offset printing process.
- the occasions when such very dark blacks are required will probably be relatively few.
- the software required to instruct the printing press can be developed without difficulty using the conventional methods, and based upon the consideration of the Bias Wheel as set out above. Similarly the software required when an original work is scanned in preparation for digital printing, printing film or when printing direct from plate, can be readily devised.
- Printing devices incorporating the colour system described above forms a further embodiment of the invention.
- the system may also be adapted for use in colour photocopiers.
- a toner system for a colour photocopier incorporating the printing system of the invention, together with a colour photocopier incorporating said toner system forms yet a further aspect of the invention.
- one method of recording the initial image is to record the image using a digital camera. This is currently one of the most accurate ways to record colours and these may be converted into the six subtractive hues of the system of the invention.
- the continuous tone photograph can be shot through filters and a halftone screen or stochastic halftone screen to separate the halftone dots of red, yellow and blue of the artwork.
- the use of a stochastic screen has quality advantages over a regular halftone screen. The detail rendition is clean and clear and there is no interference or moire. The contrast is well defined because the halftones dots do not overlap and touch. This produces greater detail, smoother gradation, more values and patterns are not created by converging screen angles or dot groups.
- a stochastic screen light and dark areas are achieved by varying the distance between dots.
- the value range of shadows could be extended to 49% into the middle tone by using a main exposure and then a flash exposure or a no screen (bump) light to extend the highlight dots down to 50% middle tone.
- Two negatives in register can be used for 'warm' and 'cool' versions of the same basic colour (red, yellow or blue) .
- An alternative method is to scan the image into a computer using a flatbed scanner, drum scanner or similar.
- a program such as Adobe Photoshop can be employed for this process.
- Adobe Photoshop converts images (or sample points) in the form of pixels into electronically digitized information. On each sample point, all six colours are picked up and assigned one of 256 grey levels. If necessary it is possible to make adjustments to a single pixel.
- the computer takes data in pixel form and converts pixels to halftone dots using a 150 line (halftone screen) . There are four times more pixels than dots .
- the pixel information will determine the size and shape of the dots.
- the program will allow the separation of 'warm' and 'cool' colours via the layers palette, then the curves dialogue box or variations command box.
- the dot percentages for each of the six negatives can then be defined. After the selection of the dot percentages for each 'warm' and 'cool' colour the negatives can be burnt onto the six printing plates .
- the process of producing printing plates using the system of the invention can be commenced by using a halftone screen and filter to separate a picture into six negatives.
- One negative is created for each of the six colour types, the two reds, two blues and two yellows.
- a process camera, scanner and/or computer separates the six colour types.
- a halftone screen is the photomechanical reproduction of continuous-tone copy in which gradations of tone are obtained by the relative size and density of tiny dots produced by photographing through a cross lined screen.
- the 'warm' colours, orange-yellow, orange-red and violet-blue would have reproduction dots of 50% to 99% and the 'cool' colours, green-yellow, violet-red and green-blue would have dots of 1% to 49%.
- the lightest 'cool' colour is not as light as the darkest 'warm' colour.
- the dot percentages are different for each colour reflected by the picture photographed or scanned.
- the screen is then rotated 45 degrees for both blues, 75 degrees for both reds and 105 degrees for both yellows. This will ensure that there will be no overlapping at the dot top that could cause a moire effect.
- dot images are burnt for each colour onto six printing plates.
- the system of the invention provides a widely applicable printing system, which allows for much better colour reproduction over a wider gamut of colours than are available in conventional colour printing. It does not require the occasional use of specially mixed, single purpose hues.
- printers of all types including pre-existing printers may be utilised.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Color Electrophotography (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Color, Gradation (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004203964A AU2004203964A1 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Printing system |
JP2006500201A JP2006518286A (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Printing system |
GB0428135A GB2405614B (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Printing system |
EP04701625A EP1594931A1 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Printing system |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0300640.0A GB0300640D0 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-01-13 | Printing system |
GB0300640.0 | 2003-01-13 | ||
US44251803P | 2003-01-27 | 2003-01-27 | |
US60/442,518 | 2003-01-27 | ||
GBGB0321979.7A GB0321979D0 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-09-19 | Printing system |
GB0321979.7 | 2003-09-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004063296A1 true WO2004063296A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
Family
ID=32718562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2004/000097 WO2004063296A1 (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Printing System |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1594931A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006518286A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004203964A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2405614B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004063296A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4249318A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1981-02-10 | Anderson Martin C | Basic color media set for providing tonally matched palettes |
US4818285A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-04-04 | Tektronix, Inc. | Ink jet printer ink composition and process for producing same |
US5534051A (en) * | 1995-07-11 | 1996-07-09 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Specific dye set for thermal ink-jet printing |
EP0738767A1 (en) * | 1995-04-19 | 1996-10-23 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Ink composition for color ink jet recording and recording method with the same |
US6066422A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-23 | Xerox Corporation | Color toner compositions and processes thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3537008A1 (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1987-04-23 | Harald Kueppers | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYSTEMATIC COLOR TABLES OR COLORBOARDS FOR THE SEVEN-COLOR PRINTING AND TABLES OR TABLES PRODUCED BY THIS PROCESS PANEL |
JP3235517B2 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 2001-12-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Image recording device |
EP1389002A1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-11 | Océ-Technologies B.V. | Method of rendering colours in a printing system |
-
2004
- 2004-01-13 EP EP04701625A patent/EP1594931A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-01-13 WO PCT/GB2004/000097 patent/WO2004063296A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-01-13 GB GB0428135A patent/GB2405614B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-13 AU AU2004203964A patent/AU2004203964A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-01-13 JP JP2006500201A patent/JP2006518286A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4249318A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1981-02-10 | Anderson Martin C | Basic color media set for providing tonally matched palettes |
US4818285A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-04-04 | Tektronix, Inc. | Ink jet printer ink composition and process for producing same |
EP0738767A1 (en) * | 1995-04-19 | 1996-10-23 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Ink composition for color ink jet recording and recording method with the same |
US5534051A (en) * | 1995-07-11 | 1996-07-09 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Specific dye set for thermal ink-jet printing |
US6066422A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-23 | Xerox Corporation | Color toner compositions and processes thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MICHAEL WILCOX: "Blue and Yellow don't make Green", 2002, SCHOOL OF COLOUR PUBLICATIONS, BRISTOL, XP002284023 * |
See also references of EP1594931A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1594931A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
GB2405614B (en) | 2005-06-29 |
AU2004203964A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
GB0428135D0 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
JP2006518286A (en) | 2006-08-10 |
GB2405614A (en) | 2005-03-09 |
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