AUTO REVERSE FACILITY IN TRAILER VEHICULE TO AUTOMATICALLY OVER-RUN BRAKING SYSTEM
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to brake auto reverse devices as are required for overrun braking systems of road-going trailers.
Background to the Invention
Over-run braking systems are an important safety measure incorporated into road- going trailers to automatically prevent the trailer from over-running the towing vehicle that tows the trailer when the towing vehicle is braked. These have an overrun coupling that normally comprises a telescopic linkage between the trailer and towing vehicle and which as the linkage compresses activates the brake compensator. Such over-run braking systems do, however, need to also have a release mechanism to allow the tow vehicle and trailer to reverse. Under current European Safety Regulations the release of the over-run brakes needs to occur automatically when the vehicle is reversed.
Although required by the Regulations, many international road trailers fitted with over-run braking systems still do not have an auto-reverse facility to automatically release the over-run braking system when the towing vehicle is reversed, but rely on release done manually. The trailers that have auto-reverse are generally those with hydraulically-operated brakes where the hydraulic pressure to the brakes is relieved to allow for reversing and commonly the braking systems are of drum brake type. The many mechanically braked trailers, such as those used for transportation of boats by road, are generally not equipped with auto-reverse.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an auto-reverse device for mechanically operated trailer over-run brakes.
In a further aspect the present invention seeks to enhance reliability of operation of the auto-reverse facility.
Summary of the Invention
According to the first aspect of the present invention there is provided a hydraulic auto-reverse device for releasing mechanical overrun braking systems for trailers automatically on reversing, which device comprises: a piston that is directly or indirectly coupled to or integral with a first length of a brake rod or brake cable or other moving actuating component of the brake system; a piston cylinder which houses the piston and which is, in use, coupled directly or indirectly or integral with a second length of brake rod or cable or other moving actuating component of the brake system whereby movement of the first component is transmitted through the device to the second component to actuate the brakes; a valve to control flow of hydraulic fluid from one side of the piston to the other to extend or retract, the linkage formed by the device between the first component and the second component whereby the brake may be released.
Preferably the valve is moveable between open and closed states by a moving valve actuator element of the valve and which is acted upon, in use, directly or indirectly by the brake calliper of the overrun braking system of which the device forms a part in use.
Suitably the brake calliper is mounted in place with a limited degree of freedom of movement whereby it may act upon the valve actuator when a force is applied on the trailer to reverse the trailer. In alternative, a component mounted to the brake calliper assembly may be movable within a limited degree of freedom of movement when a force is applied to the trailer to reverse the trailer and which acts upon the valve actuator.
The valve actuator is suitably fixedly mounted in proximity to the brake calliper assembly in order to be acted upon by the moving brake calliper or element associated with the brake calliper assembly.
Suitably the limited degree of freedom of movement of the brake calliper or associated element comprises a short part of travel of the brake disc/wheel of the trailer when the force to reverse the trailer acts on the trailer.
The device is broadly a hydraulic auto-reverse actuator for mechanical brake systems that fits into the linkage between the overrun coupling and the brake compensator of the trailer's mechanical over-run brake system. This provides the auto-reverse facility to the over-run brake system and at the same time enables the use of the superior disc brakes on the trailer in place of the commonplace drum brakes.
The device comprises a self-contained hydraulic ram which is kept in its shortest position by spring tension and hydraulic valve lock. The introduction of a valve in the flow allows normal operation of the brakes when not actuated.
When reverse gear is engaged in the towing vehicle reverse movement of the brake calliper opens the valve. The oil contained on one side of the ram flows to the opposite side, allowing the device to lengthen and consequently not apply the brakes.
Immediately the towing vehicle moves forward again, the piston is returned to the original position by the return spring within the cylinder. The oil flows back into the other side of the ram which is now again at its shortest length allowing the brakes to operate in the normal manner if the towing vehicle is braked.
The operating valve can be remotely mounted onto the chassis or assembled with the cylinder to the brake linkage.
Brief Description of the Drawings
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional diagram of a first preferred embodiment of the brake auto reverse device;
Figure 2 is a schematic elevation view of a floating brake calliper mounting bracket that is mounted to the trailer to have a limited degree of freedom of movement in the reverse travel direction and which impinges upon an actuator element of the control valve of the auto reverse device; and
Figures 3 to 5 are, respectively, a corresponding elevation view to that in Figure 2 but of a second preferred embodiment of the control valve actuating mechanism comprising a lever arm mounted on a bush on the axle stub of the floating calliper mounting bracket, and elevation views of the same from the sides; and Figure 6 is a perspective view of the control valve activating mechanism of Figures 3 to 5.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
The brake auto reverse device illustrated in Figure 1 is a hydraulic unit that is interposed between the overrun coupling and brake compensator of a trailer's overrun braking system. The unit comprises a ram cylinder 1 housing a piston rod' 2 and a piston 3 with a piston seal 4.
The unit has at each end a respective end fitting comprising a male 9 and a female 10 fitting, respectively, each being approximately 10mm in diameter to particularly suit coupling to ends of commercially-available brake operating rods/cables. In use the device forms an integral part of the rod/cable that actuates the overrun brakes and by selective extension or, where appropriate, retraction of the length of the device by movement of the piston 3, the extent of the linkage formed by the device may be adjusted when required to reduce the force being applied to the overrun brakes, releasing them.
The device has a return spring 5 provided within the cylinder 1 in order to bias the piston rod 2/piston 3 toward the neutral position where the auto reverse device allows the overrun brakes to operate normally.
In the illustrated embodiment, the neutral position of the piston rod 2/piston 3 is as shown, namely with the piston rod 2 and piston 3 located toward the right-hand end of the cylinder 1 as shown.
In order to be able to automatically move the piston rod 2 and piston 3 from the neutral position to the operative position for releasing the overrun brakes when the trailer is acted upon by a force in the reversing direction, the unit is provided with first and second ports 6, 7 to enable flow to be diverted from one side of the piston 3
to the other via a bypass channel 15 and this bypass channel 15 is selectively occluded by an automatically operating control valve 8 as will be discussed later.
When the device is in its neutral position to allow normal operation of the overrun brakes, it is, as shown, in a retracted state with the piston rod 2 fully retracted into the cylinder 1 , and this is maintained by the control valve 8 being in the closed state preventing bypass flow of hydraulic fluid from one side of the piston 3 to the other.
When the towing vehicle is reversed and a force is thereby applied on the trailer in the reversing direction, the control valve 8 is automatically opened, thus allowing hydraulic fluid to transfer through the first port 6 via the second port 7 to the far side of the piston 3 and thereby allows the piston rod 2/piston 3 to move down the cylinder 1 extending the length of the device and thereby effectively extending the brake cable/rod to release the actuating force on the trailer brakes.
When the force acting upon the trailer in the reversing direction is relieved, i.e. the towing vehicle stops reversing, the control valve 8 is closed automatically. Hydraulic fluid is allowed to flow back to the first end of the piston 3 via return bypass passageway 16 that has in it a uni-directional valve/check-return valve 11. The return spring 5 assists in moving the piston 3 back to its original neutral position and thereby the device retracts and enables the brake rod/cable to reapply the brakes/operate normally.
Turning to Figures 2 to 6, these show the preferred arrangement of the control valve for automatic activation and deactivation of the auto reverse device. The control valve 8 has a moving actuator element 20 and suitably is fixedly mounted to the chassis of the trailer adjacent the brake callipers. Figure 2 shows one configuration of floating calliper mounting bracket 21 where the mounting bracket 21 is allowed to slip slightly in the reversing direction of the brake disc/wheel. This small movement of the mounting bracket 21 is a small arcuate movement about the stub axle 22 of the mounting bracket 21 and is defined by the pad 23 being secured in part to the floating calliper mounting bracket 21 by a bolt, dowel, peg or similar 24 that is able to move a short distance within a short slot 25 in the bracket 21. This short slippage movement of the calliper/mounting bracket 21 causes an actuating movement of the actuator element 20 of the control valve 8 to allow the control valve
8 to move from its normally closed state to its open state. Conversely, when the
vehicle ceases to reverse and the mounting bracket 21 moves the short distance in the forward travel direction the control valve 8 is re-cfosed by the actuator element 20.
In Figures 3 to 6 a variant of the arrangement is shown in which the calliper mounting bracket/flange 21 is not itself movable as a whole but instead the calliper assembly has a bush/collar 26 that is mounted on the axle stub 22 to be movable within a limited degree of rotational movement, having a bolt or dowel 24' that is captive within a short slot 25' extending for part of the circumference of the bush/collar 26. To this bush/collar 26 there is welded or otherwise fastened a lever arm 27 that will impinge upon the actuator element 20 of the control valve 8. Thus it is not necessary that the calliper mounting bracket as a whole be configured to have a limited degree of slippage but instead only a small element associated with the calliper assembly will move/slip slightly when the trailer is acted upon with a force in the reversing direction.
As discussed above, the brake auto reverse device is a special hydraulic ram which enables disc brakes to be used on road trailers within current safety legislation and incorporates a mechanically operated hydraulic valve which automatically prevents the brakes operating when reversing, whilst ensuring that they operate reliably when in forward motion. It enables the safe and legal operation of non auto-reverse equipped brake systems on trailers, further allowing the inherent benefits of disc brake efficiency and simple maintenance to be employed on trailers in place of more complex and less reliable drum brakes.