WO2004044238A1 - Mittel und verfahren zum nachweis humaner adenoviren - Google Patents
Mittel und verfahren zum nachweis humaner adenoviren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004044238A1 WO2004044238A1 PCT/EP2002/012756 EP0212756W WO2004044238A1 WO 2004044238 A1 WO2004044238 A1 WO 2004044238A1 EP 0212756 W EP0212756 W EP 0212756W WO 2004044238 A1 WO2004044238 A1 WO 2004044238A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dna
- hadv
- primers
- probe
- sample
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/70—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving virus or bacteriophage
- C12Q1/701—Specific hybridization probes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to primers, probes and a kit thereof as an aid for the detection of human adenoviruses. It also concerns detection methods in which the DNA of 15 or more HAdV serotypes can be detected.
- H.V human adenoviruses
- diseases include acute respiratory diseases in young children, severe pneumonia, pharyngoconjunctive fever (PCF), epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), festering genital lesions, cervical inflammation, gastroenteritis and Urethritis.
- PCF pharyngoconjunctive fever
- EKC epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- festering genital lesions cervical inflammation
- gastroenteritis gastroenteritis
- Urethritis Especially in immunosuppressed patients such as recipients of organ or bone marrow transplants, latent infections of the polyps or the genitourinary tract originally lead to considerable exposure to HAdV of different serotypes.
- a common way of diagnosing HAdV infections is virus isolation with subsequent typing. However, it can take up to three weeks for a cytopathic effect to develop and some types of HAdV grow slowly and ineffectively in culture or require special cell lines such as 293-Graham cells for isolation. That is why many research groups have developed PCR protocols for the detection of HAdV in clinical samples. Most of these PCRs were created as "generic protocols" for the detection of as many types of the genus HAdV as possible (Allard, A., B.AIbinsson, and G. Wadell. 2001. Rapid typing of human adnenoviruses by a general PCR combined with restriction endonueclease analysis. J Clin Microbiol.
- HAdV serotypes either only disclose means and methods for the detection of a small number of HAdV serotypes or only describe degenerate primers for use in PCR, which actually means the use of a large number of primer pairs, each of which only in the systems described specifically binds a small number of HAdV serotypes.
- a probe for the detection of HAdV DNA is not disclosed.
- Primer Short DNA or RNA oligonucleotide that is the starting point of the
- Represent DNA synthesis during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and completely describe its base sequence for each position in the sequence can be specified by specifying one of the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine or uracil.
- Degenerate primer Mixture of primers which are usually combined in the textual representation in a single sequence by inserting variables at the positions of the sequence at which individual primers of the mixture differ from one another, which are appropriate for each in the primer mixture base present at the relevant point in the sequence.
- Primer pair Two primers, one of which can specifically bind to one of the two DNA strands of a DNA, so that the region of the DNA (including the sections to which the primers bind) between these two primers is amplified by means of a PCR can.
- Probe Nucleic acid sequence which, in a single-stranded, generally labeled form, is capable of hybridization in the form of a specific binding with complementary or the complementary related sequences and thereby enables their qualitative or quantitative determination.
- HAdV serotypes The HAdV serotypes according to NN (2000): Adenoviridae, pp. 227-238. In: MHV Van Regenmortel, CM Fauquet, DHL Bishop, EB Carsten, MK Estes, SM Lemon, J. Maniloff, MA Mayo, DJ McGeoch, CR Pringle, and RB Wickner (Eds): Virus Taxonomy. Seventh Report of the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses, Academic Press, New York, San Diego. Homology: Term for the degree of agreement between two DNA or one DNA and one RNA sequence.
- the degree of homology (in%) corresponds to the degree (in%) of the comparison of the two sequences using the program EMBOSS :: needle (global) (settings: gap open: 10.0; gap extend: 0.5; molecule: DNA; matrix: DNAfull) identified identity.
- the program mentioned implements the alignment algorithm by Nedeleman and Wunsch; see Needleman, SB and Wunsch, CD (1970), A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins. J. Mol. Biol. 48, 443-453.
- the RNA sequence is entered by exchanging the U (for uracil) with T.
- Quantitative detection determination of the concentration of the DNA of the HAdV viruses to be examined in samples to be determined at least relative to one another.
- the quantitative detection preferably also allows conclusions to be drawn about the absolute concentration of the DNA mentioned.
- the primary object of the present invention was to determine (a) primers and / or (b) probes which (a) allow specific replication and / or (b) specifically detect the DNA of a large number of different HAdV serotypes.
- this object is achieved by labeled or unlabeled nucleic acid for specific binding to DNA of human adenoviruses (HAdV-DNA), the nucleic acid a) having the sequence SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2 or SEQ ID NO. 3, b) a sequence with a homology of more than 78% to SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2 or SEQ ID NO. 3 or c) is complementary to a nucleic acid according to a) or b).
- nucleic acid e.g. Fluorescence, luminescence, coloring or radioactive labeling or enzymes that catalyze the formation of detectable reaction products, or solids such as metal particles such as magnetic bits.
- nucleic acids according to the invention in the form of primers of SEQ ID NO. 1 and SEQ ID NO. 2 and a probe of SEQ ID NO. 3 (or the sequence complementary to it) an ensemble that can be used particularly advantageously in detection methods for the DNA of HAdV.
- the combination of the nucleic acid according to the invention is of course SEQ ID NO. 1 with the SEQ ID NO. 3 or the SEQ ID NO.2 with the SEQ ID NO. 3 complementary sequence to primer pairs makes sense, especially if only the possibility of amplifying the DNA of all HAdV serotypes is important.
- nucleic acids of SEQ ID NO. 1 and SEQ ID NO. 2 and the complementary nucleic acids can be used as specific probes for the detection of DNA of all HAdV serotypes.
- nucleic acids according to the invention the sequence of which is> 78% homologous to SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2 or SEQ ID NO. 3 still can specifically bind to a large number of the DNA of the HAdV serotypes. > 78% homology means, for example, in the case of SEQ ID NO. 1 that the homologous sequence at up to 5 positions of the base sequence from SEQ ID NO. 1 may differ.
- nucleic acids according to the invention with a higher homology to the sequences of the SEQ IDs mentioned, such as those with>82%,>86%,> 91% and> 95%, each percentage being based on SEQ ID NO. 1 allows one position deviation less.
- the nucleic acids according to the invention are preferably selected as probes or primers in such a way that they are capable of binding specifically to the DNA of> 15,> 25,> 30,> 35,> 40 or even> 45 HAdV serotypes.
- the skilled worker can determine this ability by experiments or the database-protected sequence comparison of a nucleic acid according to the invention with the DNA of the individual HAdV serotypes. All HAdV serotypes whose sequence is known in the region of the binding portion of the nucleic acids according to the invention (that is the hexon gene) can be included in the sequence comparison.
- Part of the invention is also a method with which nucleic acids can be determined which, as primers and probes (also), can bind specifically to a large number of the DNA of the different HAdV serotypes:
- the genetic variability of different regions of the genomes of the already completely sequenced HAdV is analyzed using a multiple alignment of this genome data.
- one or more highly conserved sections of approximately 20 base pairs in length are determined.
- three highly conserved sections are determined in a range of less than 1000 (preferably less than 500, again preferably less than 200) base pairs in length.
- a third step the genome sections or the determined area or areas with the three highly preserved sections are analyzed again with the aid of a further multiple alignment, the preferred all available HAdV sequence data, including the already known data from HAdV serotypes that have not yet been completely sequenced, are taken into account.
- one, two or, preferably, three consensus sequences are determined with the aid of the second multiple alignment, which are selected by melting temperature calculations for the hybridization of the primer or probe sequences with the known sequences of the multiple alignment so that an effective specific probe is or primer binding to the DNA of the large number of HAdV serotypes mentioned above is to be expected.
- the invention also relates to a method for the detection of HAdV DNA in a sample, comprising the following steps:
- Provision of a sample which potentially contains HAdV DNA provision of a probe which can in each case bind specifically to the DNA of at least 35 different HAdV serotypes, mixing the probe with the sample,
- the probe is selected such that it can specifically bind not only to the DNA of 35 but also to the DNA of> 40, again preferably> 45, again preferably all HAdV serotypes.
- a nucleic acid according to the invention in particular one (a) with the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 3 (b) with a sequence with a homology> 78% to SEQ ID NO. 3 or (c) with a sequence complementary to (a) or (b).
- the sample to be provided which potentially contains HAdV DNA, is obtained from clinical or other samples such as cell cultures, blood, plasma, serum, stool, sputum, urine, eye or nasopharyngeal smears or cerospinal fluid (CSF ) Prepared for use in a DNA amplification process, preferably a PCR:
- the conditions which enable specific binding of the respective probe will be easily set by the person skilled in the art by varying suitable parameters, in particular by varying the temperature.
- the amplification of DNA provided according to the invention will in most cases be carried out using the PCR method. But it can also be done in other ways, e.g. through virus replication or vector replication.
- Detection of the amplified DNA segments to which a probe is bound can be carried out by methods such as, depending on the choice of the label of the probe and the probe itself. Northern blot, west emblot, chemiluminescence or fluorescence methods are used.
- sequence of the steps of the method according to the invention can be adapted to the requirements and individual or the sequence of several steps can also be repeated (several times) if necessary.
- the latter relates in particular to the steps typical of a PCR. In many cases, depending on the detection method, the probe will only be mixed with the sample after the amplification step or steps.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that it is possible with a single probe to prove that DNA from a group of 35 (or> 40 or> 45 or all) HAdV serotypes in the sample to be examined and thus also in the clinical sample from which the sample to be examined was obtained.
- the probe can be used to characterize the amplified DNA regions in more detail and thus to distinguish them from (unwanted) amplified DNA regions (such as from pseudogenes or because of poor primer selection).
- Another method according to the invention relates to the detection of HAdV DNA in a sample, with the following steps:
- Provision of a sample which potentially contains HAdV DNA provision of at least one pair of primers which can bind specifically to the DNA of at least 25 different HAdV serotypes,
- the pair of primers is selected such that it can bind specifically not only to the DNA of 25 but also to the DNA of> 30, again preferably> 40, again preferably all HAdV serotypes.
- Nucleic acids according to the invention are preferably used as primers, in particular those with the sequence of SEQ ID. NO. 3 (or complementary thereto) and very particularly preferably nucleic acids (a) of SEQ ID NO. 1 and / or SEQ ID NO. 2 or (b) a sequence with a homology> 78% to SEQ ID NO. 1 or SEQ ID NO 2.
- DNA is regularly amplified using the PCR method.
- Other methods for in vitro amplification of nucleic acid sequences can also be used.
- the person skilled in the art will in turn set suitable parameters, in particular the temperature, by means of the variation, the conditions which enable a specific binding of the primers to the corresponding DNA strands.
- the detection of the amplified DNA regions can be carried out, for example, by separation in the gel in a transilluminator, by determining the concentration after falling over (as a result of which short DNA sections and individual nucleotides have been removed from the sample), or else by hybridization with probes according to the invention (see above). respectively.
- sequence of the steps, frequency of the individual steps, preparation of the samples what has been said above applies accordingly.
- An essential advantage of using a preferred primer pair according to the invention is that it specifically binds to the DNA of 25,> 30,>
- the amplification conditions have to be optimized for only a few primer pairs - ideally only for one.
- primers used, the more precisely the amplification process can be controlled, since the relevant primer concentration, which has effects on the melting temperature, among other things, is more accessible. In addition, an increasing number of primers make experimental handling more difficult.
- More than two primers forming a first pair of primers are used when the DNA of a second group of HAdV serotypes is to be amplified and / or detected, to which one or both primers of the first pair of primers cannot bind specifically.
- the additional primer or primers must then be selected so that they bind specifically to the DNA of the second.
- Group HAdV serotypes enter into conditions in which the first pair of primers specifically binds to the DNA to which it can bind specifically.
- Additional (appropriately adapted) primers are also used when more stringent conditions, such as those that allow fewer than four mismatches in primer binding, are required.
- This enabled by the inventive method 'early evidence of infections with (at least) a virus from a group of HAdV serotypes is particularly useful for patients who are immunodeficient or - are suppressed, if necessary, of vital importance.
- the invention further relates to a method for the detection of HAdV DNA in a sample, comprising the following steps:
- Providing a sample that potentially contains HAdV DNA providing at least one pair of primers, each of which can specifically bind to the DNA of at least 15 different HAdV serotypes,
- the primer pair and the probe can specifically bind not only to the DNA of 15 but also of> 20, preferably> 30, again preferably> 40, again preferably> 45 and finally preferably all HAdV serotypes.
- advantageous primers and probes and other preferred refinements of the method according to the invention the same applies to the methods described above.
- a particular advantage of the simultaneous use of a pair of primers and a probe, each of which can bind specifically to the same DNA of the number of different HAdV serotypes mentioned, is that for the detection of HAdV DNA according to the invention, a large number of serotypes each have three specific bindings are necessary and are generated. This significantly increases the reliability of the detection method compared to methods with only two specific bindings (PCR) or those with only one specific binding (detection by probe).
- no degenerate primers are used for the amplification.
- the exclusive use of non-degenerate primers has the particular advantage that the reaction is more predictable. For example, if the target binding section of the non-degenerate primer is known, the binding behavior, ie the melting temperature, can be calculated very precisely. In contrast, the problem with degenerate primers, if they are produced by the customary oligosynthesis processes, is that it is not clear in what ratio the actually available primer variants are present.
- the concentration of each individual primer in a degenerate primer influences the respective melting temperature, which in turn is important for the attachment of the individual primer to the target section of the DNA.
- the ratio of the concentrations of the primer variants actually present in a degenerate primer to one another also depends on the precise production conditions, which in turn can be different from different suppliers, so that a de-primed primer is not insignificantly different in its actual composition from that of another manufacturer can differentiate between supplied "same" degenerate primers. Of course, this has a negative impact on the reproducibility of the detection methods.
- primer variants there are several bases that are not precisely defined, there are a large number of possible primer variants, which is true for the individual primers actually present can mean that they are present in a relatively low concentration and thus can simulate a concentration that is too low for the corresponding HAdV DNA or fail in the detection r that with a larger number of Primer variants in a degenerate primer hybridize individual primers with each other and are therefore no longer available for PCR.
- less than 11, preferably less than 5, again preferably less than 3 mutually different primers are used for the amplification.
- nucleic acids according to the invention are used as primers (identical to or derived from SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO ⁇ 2 or SEQ ID NO. 3, compare above) for the amplification.
- primers meet the requirements for primers for the methods according to the invention in an outstanding manner, in particular they are able to specifically bind to the DNA of a large number of different HAdV serotypes.
- Primer pairs from deoxynucleic acids according to the invention are selected in particular for the PCR. It is not difficult for the person skilled in the art to determine the appropriate sequence for a forward primer and the corresponding one for a reverse primer, taking into account the direction of synthesis of the DNA polymerase.
- nucleic acids according to the invention are used as probes. It depends, among other things, on the DNA region to be amplified, which the SEQ ID NO. 1 to 3 the person skilled in the art used as the preferred basis for the probe.
- RNA or DNA probes which are derived from SEQ ID NO. 3 were derived because then in use of primer pairs that are identified by SEQ ID NO. 1 and 2 are derived, the probe binding section lies in the amplicon. Due to the fact that the two DNA strands which comprise the binding section are complementary to one another, it is of minor importance whether the probe corresponds to or is complementary to one of the sequences described above.
- the probes mentioned meet the requirements for probes for the methods according to the invention in a special way, in particular they are able to bind specifically to the DNA of a large number of HAdV serotypes.
- the methods according to the invention are preferably designed such that the amplified region (amplicon) comprises ⁇ 500, preferably ⁇ 300, again preferably ⁇ 150 base pairs.
- the detection of the amplified DNA regions takes place under real time conditions during and / or after one, several or each amplification step.
- Under real time conditions means here that the amplification process, which regularly comprises a repeated sequence of several steps (PCR), does not have to be interrupted for the detection of the amplified DNA.
- the term "after each amplification step” does not mean that understand that the detection must take place immediately after the end of the amplification step.
- a probe binds specifically to template DNA and to in for in-situ detection the amplification steps preceding the amplified DNA of the HAdV serotypes to be detected. This is preferably done during the primer binding step (annealing) during the PCR.
- the probe should be selected so that it binds to the target DNA under the same conditions as the primer.
- a nucleic acid according to the invention derived from SEQ ID NO.3 is preferred.
- a change in a signal for example the amplification or attenuation of fluorescence, can then be triggered and detected by the binding event.
- the detection can also be carried out on the basis of a reaction which is only made possible by the binding of the probe to its target section of the DNA, for example the release of a dye or a quencher, for example by the nuclease activity of a DNA polymerase.
- a method designed in this way has the advantage that labor-intensive and time-consuming steps for the detection of the amplicon, such as Ethidium bromide stained gel electrophoresis with or without residual functional enzyme digestion or additional hybridization procedures are no longer necessary.
- a further advantage of detection under real time conditions is that in cases in which only the qualitative detection of the presence of HAdV-DNA is important, the amplification procedure can be terminated from the point in time at which a signal is present proves the corresponding DNA. This can save a lot of time.
- highly toxic and / or carcinogenic reagents such as ethidium bromide are used in many detection methods.
- detection under real time conditions also leads to better health protection for laboratory personnel.
- costs for special protective devices such as protective clothing can also be saved.
- the detection of the amplified DNA regions takes place quantitatively.
- signals whose strength is directly dependent on the DNA concentration can be related to standard curves and thus normalized.
- DNA detection methods that provide signals that can be measured with high-resolution devices are preferably suitable for such methods.
- the corresponding signals can e.g. Provide probes with radioactive labeling and particularly preferably probes which, depending on the binding to the DNA, optionally after further reaction steps, generate fluorescence or chemiluminescence signals.
- the quantification In contrast to the previously known methods, it is possible with the methods according to the invention not only the fact that a patient is burdened with one or more large numbers of HAdV serotypes, but also by quantifying the relevance of this burden. For example, a doctor will only recommend a weakening of the suppression, especially in immunosuppressed patients, if the viral load is or threatens to become a serious risk for the patient. Ultimately, the quantification, especially if it is carried out for samples of the same patient that were taken at different times, makes it easier to predict the actual outbreak of diseases based on HAdV.
- the methods according to the invention enable the (necessary) quantification of human adenoviruses for the planning and control of gene therapies with adenovirus vectors.
- nucleic acids according to the invention which are homologous to the sequences SEQ ID NO. 1 and / or SEQ ID NO. 2 and / or as a probe is a labeled nucleic acid according to the invention which, as described above, has the sequence SEQ ID NO. 3 is homologous or complementary to such a homolog.
- primers and / or the mentioned probes are primers and probes that can bind to the DNA of a large number of HAdV serotypes.
- the other advantages of the nucleic acids according to the invention mentioned above also come about when used in a method for quantification according to the invention. Wear.
- nucleic acids with the SEQ ID NO. 1 and SEQ ID NO. 2 and a probe a labeled nucleic acid with SEQ ID NO. 3 or a sequence complementary thereto are particularly preferred embodiments of the invention described, for the reasons mentioned, nucleic acids with the SEQ ID NO. 1 and SEQ ID NO. 2 and a probe a labeled nucleic acid with SEQ ID NO. 3 or a sequence complementary thereto.
- the use of the preferred primers and probes causes reliably 'casual DNA HAdV all serotypes can be demonstrated in clinical samples.
- the methods according to the invention also enable the HAdV DNA contained in the sample to be quantified, even under real time conditions. Despite the need for such methods for the detection of HAdV, the experts were unable to create one due to the high sequence diversity of these viruses.
- a TaqMan PCR method (also referred to as an “exonuclease probe” method) is used for amplification and detection (compare Holland, PM, Abramson, RD, Watson, R., and Gelfand, DH (1991): Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by utilizing the 5 '- 3' exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 88, 7276-80; and Heid, CA, Stevens, J., Livak, KJ, and Williams, PM (1996): Real time quantitative PCR. Genome Res 6, 986-94; and Kricka, LJ (2002): Stains, labeis and detection strategies for nucleic aeids assays Ann Clin Biochem 39, 1-4-29).
- the probe can be labeled in various ways, for example with FAM as the fluorescent dye at the 5 'end and TAMRA as the fluorescence quencher at the 3' end. This leads to a quenching of the fluorescence of the dye of the probe in the unbound state and to a release of the fluorescence in the bound state, for example by the separation of the reporter and quencher dye by the 5 ' -3 ' exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase during the extension step in the PCR.
- a probe of SEQ ID NO. 3 and primer of SEQ ID NO. 1 and SEQ ID NO. 2 used.
- a method according to the invention designed as a TaqMan PCR method, combines all the advantages listed for the methods according to the invention and their preferred configurations in the corresponding choice of the primers:
- the amplified DNA is detected under real time conditions during the PCR by hybridizing the DNA with a probe. - Laborious and time-consuming subsequent detection steps are no longer necessary. Good manageability
- the TaqMan PCR method enables the detection of all known serotypes of the HAdV.
- a quantification of the HAdV DNA contained in the sample is reliably possible with the TaqMan method.
- the TaqMan PCR system is an established process for which the required components (devices, chemicals) are commercially available and for which there is corresponding optimization support.
- the quantitative evaluation method analysis using the crossing points, CP is well established.
- the detection limit is ⁇ 1.5 x 10 4 , preferably ⁇ 1.5 x 10 3 , again preferably ⁇ 1.5 x 10 2 , and finally preferably ⁇ 1.5 x 10 1 template molecules per approach (see also Table 1).
- the primer binding (annealing) takes place at> 48 ° C., preferably at> 50 ° C., more preferably at> 53 ° C., again preferably at> 55 ° C.
- a high (higher) temperature in the annealing phase has the advantage that the primer binding is actually specific with a high (higher) certainty.
- the invention also includes a kit comprising a primer pair and a probe, each consisting of nucleic acids according to the invention.
- a major advantage of such a kit is that the primer and probe are optimally matched to one another and enable the methods according to the invention to be carried out in their particularly preferred configurations.
- nucleic acids according to the invention or a kit according to the invention for the detection of HAdV DNA is also according to the invention. This is preferably done as part of one of the methods described above. The way - as well as by the prescribed Procedure - Results obtained can then serve as the basis for a diagnosis by the doctor.
- the invention also encompasses a method for characterizing HAdV serotypes with the following steps: detection of HAdV DNA in a sample according to one of the methods described above characterizing HAdV DNA detected in the sample
- the DNA of more than one HAdV serotype is or was contained in the sample to be examined, it may be necessary to carry out more extensive characterizations, in particular in order to be able to assign the results of the characterization steps to the respective HAdV serotypes.
- the person skilled in the art can, for example, use serotype-specific primers in a further PCR.
- the advantage of the described method is that it not only basically proves the presence of HAdV, but that the subsequent characterization also determines which or which individual serotypes are actually present.
- the method mentioned also makes it possible to identify previously unknown HAdV serotypes, since the methods according to the invention also detect the DNA of unknown HAdV serotypes and can therefore be used to discover these serotypes: if the amplified or the amplified DNA regions are not can be assigned to individual already known HAdV serotypes (eg by comparing the database after sequencing), the probability that a previously unknown HAdV serotype is present is very high (if it is not a known serotype whose DNA region is characterized corresponding base sequence is not yet found in the gene databases). Further characterizations of other DNA areas, or preferably of the potential virus itself, can possibly verify the finding that a new HAdV serotype has been found.
- Another possibility is to screen the samples for the presence of HAdV DNA using a method according to the invention and then to carry out virus isolation and typing in the positive samples using conventional techniques, e.g. Isolation on cell cultures and, in the positive case, subsequent typing by neutralization tests, hemagglutination tests and hemagglutination inhibition tests. New types would not be satisfactorily typed using these conventional techniques and would therefore appear as a new, non-typeable adenovirus.
- conventional techniques e.g. Isolation on cell cultures and, in the positive case, subsequent typing by neutralization tests, hemagglutination tests and hemagglutination inhibition tests.
- New types would not be satisfactorily typed using these conventional techniques and would therefore appear as a new, non-typeable adenovirus.
- the database numbers are: ' HAdV-2 (#NC 001405), HAdV-3 (# X76549), HAdV-4 (# AF06062), HAdV-5 (#NC 00146), HAdV-12 (# AF065065), HAdV-34 (# AB052911), HAdV-40 (# L19443), HAdV-41 (# M21163).
- Example 1 HAdV quantification, standard plasmid and available viruses
- a HadV-2 PCR amplicon (nt. 18856-19137 of the HAdV-2 sequence) was cloned into a pGEM-T easy plasmid vector (Promega, Madison, Wl).
- the plasmid DNA was purified from E. coli using the nucleobond 100 kit (Macherey and Nagel, Germany) and sequencing confirmed that the cloned HadV-2 sequence was identical to the HadV-2 prototype gene bank sequence (# J01917 ) was.
- the plasmid concentration was determined photometrically at 260 nm and converted into genome equivalents (copies per ml), since the molecular weight of the plamide was known.
- HAdV serotypes For the test series of HAdV serotypes, A549 cells (in the case of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 Graham 293 cells) were infected with the HAdV prototype strains. At over 50% CPE (cytopathic effect), the cells were freeze-thawed and the DNA extracted from 200 ⁇ l of the lysate with the Qiagen Blood Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).
- a pair of primers for the amplification of the DNA of all 51 serotypes of the genus HAdV was designed as follows: Five, to date fully sequenced HAdV, type 2 (species (genus) human adenovirus C, gene bank # J01917), 5 (species human adenovirus C, # M73260), 12 (human adenovirus A species; # X73487), 17 (human adenovirus D species, # AF108105), and 40 (human adenovirus F species, gene bank # L19443) were aligned using clustalX software (version 1.8) (see Thompson, JD, DG Higgins, and TJ Gibson. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improvising the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (22 ): 4673-80).
- the consensus primer sequences were calculated by calculating the melting temperatures of the interaction of the two primers with each HAdV DNA sequence with the help of the Metcalc software (compare: Schütz, E., and N. von Ahsen. 1999. Spreadsheet software for thermodynamic melting point prediction of oligonucleotide hybridization with and without mismatches. Biotechniques. 27: 1218-24.) (See Fig. 1).
- the T m of the probe and the primer for the hybridization with the corresponding sequence of the DNA of each HAdV serotype was calculated and the reaction conditions of the real-time PCR were set in such a way that the amplification and detection of as many human pathogenic adenoviruses as possible was possible (cf. Example 3).
- the TaqMan PCR was carried out using the LightCycler (LC, Röche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) in closed glass capillaries with a total reaction volume of 20 ⁇ l.
- the FastStart Hybridization Kit (Röche) was used to create a PCR master mix.
- Primers adenoquant 1 (AQ1, SEQ ID NO. 1) and. Were used as HAdV-specific primers.
- Adenoquant 2 (AQ2, SEQ ID NO. 2) is used.
- the probe (AP, SEQ ID NO. 3) was labeled with FAM (carboxyfluoreseein) as the fluorescent dye at the 5'end and TAMRA (carboxytetramethylrhodamine) as the fluorescent quencher at the 3'end.
- oligonucleotides were synthesized, labeled and purified by Eurogentec (Seraing, Belgium).
- the probe, primer and magnesium chloride were added to the master mix so that the final concentrations of the probe were 0.4 mM, each primer 0.5 mM and magnesium chloride 3 mM was.
- heat-labile uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG, 1 U / reaction; Röche, Mannheim, Germany
- 8 ⁇ l of the master mix and 12 ⁇ l of the DNA template solution were filled into each capillary. The closed capillaries were centrifuged in a microcentrifuge and placed in the LC.
- reaction conditions were as follows: 5 minutes at 35 ° C for the uracil DNA glycosylase incubation, followed by 10 minutes at 95 ° C to activate the "hot start" Taq polymerase. 45 cycles resulting from the denaturation
- the denaturation step at 95 ° C. for 3 seconds, the annealing step at 55 ° C. for 10 seconds and the extension step at 65 ° C. for 60 seconds were carried out Extension step was 0.5 ° C per second.
- the fluorescence data were recorded at the end of each extension step in channel F1 (recording type "single") of the LC apparatus.
- the tubes were cooled down to 30 ° C and disposed of without opening the capillaries.
- Real time PCR (TaqMan PCR) gave positive results for all prototype strains of the genus HAdV, including the recently isolated and proposed new types HAdV-50 and HAdV-51.
- the crossing point (CP) values of ⁇ 20 were low for all prototype strains, which indicates effective amplification and sensitive detection.
- twelve clinical isolations of HAdV of different serotypes were tested by the TaqMan PCR and all isolations were positive with low CP values ( ⁇ 20).
- HAdV-DNA concentrations of the serial dilution of the plasmid were set as standard and the HAdV-DNA concentrations of each point were automatically determined by the LC software (version 3.5c) assuming a semilogarithmic relationship between the crossing points and the HAdV DNA concentration calculated.
- Calculated HAdV-DNA concentration and SD of calculated concentrations indicate a dynamic range of HAdV-DNA quantification of at least six orders of magnitude (1.5 x 10 8 to 1.5 x 10 2 copies of HAdV-DNA), low virus DNA concentrations such as 1.5 x 10 1 copies can also be quantified, but with a higher standard deviation (compare Table 1).
- a multiplex PCR which amplifies the fiber gene region, was carried out with positive HAdV DNA samples (according to the TaqMan method described in Example 3) in order to enable identification of the respective HAdV serotype (compare: Xu, W ., MC McDonough, and DD Erdman. 2000. Species-specific identification of human adenoviruses by a multiplex PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 38 (11): 4114-20).
- amplicons were directly sequenced with rhodium-labeled dideoxynucleotide chain terminators (DNA Sequencing Kit, ABI, Foster City, CA) on an ABI-Prism 310 automatic sequencer.
- HAdV serotypes were identified from clinical samples without virus isolation being necessary. These included HAdV of serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 37, 40, 41 and various viruses of the genus HAdV-D, including a serotype that has not yet been sequenced.
- Example 5 Comparison of the Tag Man PCR method with conventional PCR methods
- the 234 clinical samples were EDTA blood (58), serum and plasma (60), throat swabs and / or irrigation (21), combined nasopharyngeal smears (5), eye smears (17), cerebrospinal fluid (26), stool (22 ), Bronchoalveolar irrigation and tracheal aspirate (12), as well as 13 other materials, e.g. pericardial, pleural and peritoneal fluids, urine and biopsies of lymph nodes and intestine (13).
- the results of conventional PCR and TaqMan PCR were the same (38 positive samples and 162 negative samples). 34 samples had different results between the two test approaches.
- the TaqMan PCR was positive with high CP values (CP> 37, which means less than 150 copies of HAdV DNA per approach), while the conventional PCR was negative. This shows that the TaqMan PCR method is more sensitive than the conventional PCR method described.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002352007A AU2002352007A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Agents and methods for detecting human adenoviruses |
CA002511248A CA2511248A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Agents and methods for detecting human adenoviruses |
EP02787683A EP1563088A1 (de) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Mittel und verfahren zum nachweis humaner adenoviren |
US10/534,990 US20070099177A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Agents and methods for detecting human adenoviruses |
PCT/EP2002/012756 WO2004044238A1 (de) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Mittel und verfahren zum nachweis humaner adenoviren |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/012756 WO2004044238A1 (de) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Mittel und verfahren zum nachweis humaner adenoviren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004044238A1 true WO2004044238A1 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
Family
ID=32309293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/012756 WO2004044238A1 (de) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | Mittel und verfahren zum nachweis humaner adenoviren |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070099177A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1563088A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002352007A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2511248A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004044238A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006063376A1 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-22 | Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for the detection of adenoviruses |
WO2009024844A2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-02-26 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Firenze | Method of detecting and serotyping of pathogens in a sample |
CN102140549A (zh) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-08-03 | 武汉大学 | 腺病毒实时荧光定量pcr试剂盒 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8546082B2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2013-10-01 | Ibis Biosciences, Inc. | Methods for identification of sepsis-causing bacteria |
US20120122101A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2012-05-17 | Rangarajan Sampath | Compositions for use in identification of bacteria |
US8097416B2 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2012-01-17 | Ibis Biosciences, Inc. | Methods for identification of sepsis-causing bacteria |
CA2605021A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2007-08-02 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions for use in identification of adenoviruses |
GB2554625A (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2018-04-04 | Gen Probe Prodesse Inc | Compositions, methods and kits to detect adenovirus nucleic acids |
US8715939B2 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2014-05-06 | Gen-Probe Incorporated | Compositions, methods and kits to detect adenovirus nucleic acids |
EP3438289A1 (de) * | 2010-10-04 | 2019-02-06 | Gen-Probe Prodesse, Inc. | Zusammensetzungen, verfahren und kits für den nachweis von adenovirus-nukleinsäuren |
JP6956800B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-25 | 2021-11-02 | ジェン−プローブ・インコーポレーテッド | アデノウイルス、メタニューモウイルス、および/またはライノウイルス核酸を検出するための組成物、方法、およびキット |
CN112301156B (zh) * | 2020-02-06 | 2023-07-25 | 广州普世君安生物科技有限公司 | 一种快速检测人腺病毒的rda方法及试剂盒 |
CN113604611B (zh) * | 2021-08-11 | 2022-03-08 | 中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心 | 一种检测b1组腺病毒的数字pcr方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001059163A2 (fr) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-16 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Procede de detection et de quantification d'adenovirus |
WO2002067861A2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-06 | Novartis Ag | Oncolytic adenoviral vectors |
-
2002
- 2002-11-14 EP EP02787683A patent/EP1563088A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-11-14 CA CA002511248A patent/CA2511248A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-14 US US10/534,990 patent/US20070099177A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-14 AU AU2002352007A patent/AU2002352007A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-14 WO PCT/EP2002/012756 patent/WO2004044238A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001059163A2 (fr) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-16 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Procede de detection et de quantification d'adenovirus |
WO2002067861A2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-06 | Novartis Ag | Oncolytic adenoviral vectors |
Non-Patent Citations (14)
Title |
---|
[online] EMBL; 15 February 2002 (2002-02-15), "Capture oligonucleotide Zip ID 4402 oligo 2", XP002258020, retrieved from EBI Database accession no. AB191201 * |
[online] EMBL; 21 November 2001 (2001-11-21), "Sequence 4402 from patent WO0179548", XP002258019, retrieved from EBI Database accession no. AX292640 * |
[online] EMBL; 5 August 1999 (1999-08-05), "Human adenovirus type 14 hexon protein gene", XP002258018, retrieved from EBI Database accession no. AF161571 * |
ALLARD ANNIKA ET AL: "Rapid typing of human adenoviruses by a general PCR combined with restriction endonuclease analysis", JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 39, no. 2, February 2001 (2001-02-01), pages 498 - 505, XP002258012, ISSN: 0095-1137 * |
DATABASE EMBL [online] 23 March 1999 (1999-03-23), "PCR primer used to amplify a 300 bp fragment of Adenovirus", XP002258016, retrieved from EBI Database accession no. AAX03293 * |
DATABASE EMBL [online] 25 September 2002 (2002-09-25), "Adenovirus detection related hexon oligonucleotide AV1", XP002258017, retrieved from EBI Database accession no. AAL40501 * |
ECHAVARRIA M ET AL: "PCR METHOD FOR DETECTION OF ADENOVIRUS IN URINE OF HEALTHY AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS", JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC, US, vol. 36, no. 11, November 1998 (1998-11-01), pages 3323 - 3326, XP000957714, ISSN: 0095-1137 * |
HEIM ALBERT ET AL: "Quantitative, "real time" PCR for the generic detection of human adenoviruses", INFECTION, vol. 30, no. Supplement 1, May 2002 (2002-05-01), ConVir 2002 European Conference on Viral Diseases;Munich, Germany; May 10-12, 2002, pages 20, XP009019042, ISSN: 0300-8126 * |
HEIM ALBERT ET AL: "Rapid and quantitative detection of human adenovirus DNA by real-time PCR.", JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY. UNITED STATES JUN 2003, vol. 70, no. 2, June 2003 (2003-06-01), pages 228 - 239, XP009018909, ISSN: 0146-6615 * |
HIERHOLZER JOHN C ET AL: "Detection of adenovirus in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction and liquid-phase hybridization quantitated by time-resolved fluorometry", JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 31, no. 7, 1993, pages 1886 - 1891, XP009019104, ISSN: 0095-1137 * |
HOLLAND P M ET AL: "DETECTION OF SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION PRODUCT BY UTILIZING THE 5' ->3' EXONUCLEASE ACTIVITY OF THERMUS AQUATICUS DNA POLYMERASE", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF USA, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. WASHINGTON, US, vol. 88, no. 16, 1 August 1991 (1991-08-01), pages 7276 - 7280, XP000606188, ISSN: 0027-8424 * |
LANKESTER A C ET AL: "Quantification of adenovirus DNA in plasma for management of infection in stem cell graft recipients", CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, vol. 34, no. 6, 15 March 2002 (2002-03-15), pages 864 - 867, XP002258013, ISSN: 1058-4838 * |
MA LIBIN ET AL: "Rapid determination of adenoviral vector titers by quantitative real-time PCR", JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS, vol. 93, no. 1-2, April 2001 (2001-04-01), pages 181 - 188, XP002259893, ISSN: 0166-0934 * |
XU WANHONG ET AL: "Species-specific identification of human adenoviruses by a multiplex PCR assay", JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 38, no. 11, November 2001 (2001-11-01), pages 4114 - 4120, XP002258014, ISSN: 0095-1137 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006063376A1 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-22 | Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for the detection of adenoviruses |
WO2009024844A2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-02-26 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Firenze | Method of detecting and serotyping of pathogens in a sample |
WO2009024844A3 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-05-22 | Univ Firenze | Method of detecting and serotyping of pathogens in a sample |
CN102140549A (zh) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-08-03 | 武汉大学 | 腺病毒实时荧光定量pcr试剂盒 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002352007A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
US20070099177A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
CA2511248A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
EP1563088A1 (de) | 2005-08-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69527154T2 (de) | Spezifische und universelle amplifizierungs-primer zur raschen bestimmung und identifizierung ueblicher bakterieller pathogene und antibiotikaresistenzgene in klinischen proben zur routinediagnose in mikrobiologie-laboratorien | |
Fang et al. | Comparison of real-time, quantitative PCR with molecular beacons to nested PCR and culture methods for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine fecal samples | |
DE69620791T2 (de) | Verfahren zur auswertung polymorpher genetischer sequenzen, und dessen gebrauch zur bestimmung von hla-typen | |
DE60217837T2 (de) | Nachweis von methicillin-resistenten staphylococcus aureus bakterien (mrsa) | |
DE69227379T2 (de) | Verfahren und Reagenzien zur Bestimmung von Bakterien in der zerebrospinalen Flüssigkeit | |
DE69833160T2 (de) | Amplifizierung und Detektion von HIV-1 und/oder HIV-2 | |
DE69308381T2 (de) | Sonden für Mycobakterien | |
DE2915082C3 (de) | Verfahren und Verwendung eines Reagenzsatzes zum Nachweis und zur Charakterisierung von Nukleinsäuren und ihren Sequenzen | |
DE69528644T2 (de) | Verfahren zu Feststellung von DNA-Mulationen in einer Probe eines Patienten | |
DE69213112T2 (de) | Verbesserte Methoden zur Nukleinsäure-Amplifizierung | |
EP0714988B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Quantifizierung von Nukleinsaüren | |
DE69619845T2 (de) | Verbesserter auf is6110 basierender molekularer nachweis von mycobacterium tuberculosis | |
WO2004044238A1 (de) | Mittel und verfahren zum nachweis humaner adenoviren | |
DE69807293T2 (de) | Multiplex-PCR zum Nachweis von Infektionen verursacht durch Mycobacterium Avium Komplex | |
DE10132147A1 (de) | Verfahren zur schnellen quantitativen Bestimmung von Eu-Bakterien | |
DE69518697T2 (de) | Nachweis von Treponema Pallidum und Haemophilus Ducreyi | |
DE69715006T2 (de) | Verfahren zur sequenzierung von nukleinsäuren | |
DE60308017T2 (de) | Amplifizierungs-hybridisierungsverfahren zum nachweis und zur typisierung des mes menschlichen papillomavirus | |
EP1389242B1 (de) | Nachweis und differenzierung von mikroorganismen der spezies yersinia pestis/yersinia pseudotuberculosis | |
DE69527328T2 (de) | NUKLEINSÄUREPROBEN ZUR DETEKTION VON -i(HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA) | |
DE3586689T2 (de) | Diagnose von genmissbildungen durch restriktionskarte-analysierung unter anwendung eines sandwichhybridisierungsformats. | |
DE60306865T2 (de) | Detektion von Vancomycin-resistenten Enterococcus-Subspezies | |
DE69814559T2 (de) | Testverfahren für Chlamydia Trachomatis durch Amplifizierung und Erkennung von Chlamydia Trachomatis kryptischen Plasmid | |
AT409383B (de) | Verfahren zur detektion und quantifizierung von nukleinsäuren in einer probe | |
EP0408077B1 (de) | Neisseria gonorrhoeae-spezifische Oligonuleotid-Sonden |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002787683 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2511248 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2002787683 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007099177 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 10534990 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10534990 Country of ref document: US |