WO2004021778A1 - Device for combating insects - Google Patents

Device for combating insects Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004021778A1
WO2004021778A1 PCT/EP2003/008396 EP0308396W WO2004021778A1 WO 2004021778 A1 WO2004021778 A1 WO 2004021778A1 EP 0308396 W EP0308396 W EP 0308396W WO 2004021778 A1 WO2004021778 A1 WO 2004021778A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control
insecticide
insecticides
temperature control
heating apparatus
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/008396
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrew Chapple
Original Assignee
Bayer Cropscience Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Cropscience Gmbh filed Critical Bayer Cropscience Gmbh
Priority to AU2003255326A priority Critical patent/AU2003255326A1/en
Publication of WO2004021778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004021778A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
    • A01M1/026—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects combined with devices for monitoring insect presence, e.g. termites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2061—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source
    • A01M1/2077—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source using an electrical resistance as heat source
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
    • A01M2200/01—Insects
    • A01M2200/011—Crawling insects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
    • A01M2200/01—Insects
    • A01M2200/012—Flying insects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling insects containing a heating apparatus and one or more insecticides in carriers.
  • heating devices are common for the volatilization of substances such as deodorants, disinfectants or insecticides in the room air.
  • the substances to be volatilized can be contained in solid carriers, such as so-called 'mats', or in liquid carriers, which are then in a vessel and released via a wick.
  • the heating devices are mainly electrically operated devices with thermally controllable elements.
  • a constant, fixed temperature setting is used by using thermocouples with positive thermal coefficients, for example shown in EP-A-0965267 and WO-A-97/02054.
  • thermocouples with positive thermal coefficients
  • Heating devices with pulse generator which is controlled by a single, fixed program, the power supply to the thermocouple (heating element) being regulated so that time intervals with higher and lower intensity are possible, as set out in EP-A-0911046.
  • heating devices known to date are used in a variety of ways to control insects, the desired effect is achieved predominantly by an excess of the insecticides to be released. The amount of insecticide used is therefore consumed faster and the duration of action is shorter than necessary. This applies in particular to heating devices with a constant, fixed temperature setting. Heating devices with a variable temperature setting, for example by manually operating a setting wheel, theoretically allow temperature control with which the intensity of the release of the insecticide can be controlled, but one is special temperature control tailored to the control of individual insect species is less practical due to the repeated manual actuation of the temperature setting for the respective time interval.
  • Heating devices with pulse generator where the pulse generator is permanently installed and controlled by a single, permanently set program, can realize an automatic temperature control between the respective time intervals, but they lack the necessary flexibility for use in the various fields of application. This applies in particular with regard to the improved duration of action of the amounts of insecticide used in each case.
  • the diversity of the application areas results from the fact that the insect species to be controlled in each case have a different, individual sensitivity to insecticides and that they occur to different extents during the course of the day.
  • the prevailing spatial conditions such as the volume of the room and the air circulation, must also be taken into account.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device for controlling insects which contains a heating apparatus in which one or more insecticides can be used to control a wide variety of insect species, and which, depending on the type of insect to be combated, has an improved duration of action the amount of insecticide used should be achieved.
  • a device comprising a heating apparatus which is controlled over the control period by one or more control elements variably programmed with a temperature control.
  • the temperature control programmed on these control elements is matched to the type of insect to be controlled with regard to an improved duration of action of the amount of insecticide used.
  • improved duration of action describes the product of the quantities 'effective dosage' and 'frequency of release', the effective dosage depending on the individual sensitivity of the insect species and the Frequency of delivery is determined by the actual occurrence of the insect species. To achieve the improved duration of action, therefore, only the adequately dosed amount of insecticide is released with a frequency that allows the maximum possible period of control with the amount used.
  • insect species that occur periodically throughout the day are Aedes spp. (Mosquito; strong in the evening, never at night, weak in the morning, hardly during the day), Anopheles spp. (Mosquito; weak in the evening, strong at night, weak in the morning, never during the day), Cujex spp. (Mosquito; strong in the evening, hardly at night, strong in the morning, never during the day), Phlebotomus spp. (Sand fly; strong in the evening, weak at night, weak in the morning, never during the day), Lutzomyia spp.
  • insects to be controlled with the device according to the invention are all insects which are considered harmful or annoying in the area of application; preferred are insects from the mosquito groups, for example from the Culicidae family and representatives such as
  • Vespula spp. Polistes spp .
  • the fleas for example from the Pulicidae family
  • cockroaches for example from the Blattelidae family
  • bugs for example from the family of the Cimicidae, and moths, for example from the family of the Pyralidae.
  • all areas of application come into consideration in which insects are considered harmful or annoying, preferably the protection of stored goods and materials, the hygiene sector and the domestic area, the device according to the invention being used and, if appropriate, as an embodiment of the invention in the corresponding rooms can be combined with other standard measures, such as adhesive boards or traps.
  • Heating devices are preferred which are suitable for the use of insecticides in solid and liquid carriers and which have the appropriate thermocouples for this purpose.
  • the commercially available heating devices that can use insecticides in solid carriers are, for example, devices for heating so-called 'insecticidal mats', such as those manufactured by DBK (DBK Espana SA, Parc Tecnolögic del Valles, C / Argenters 8 , 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain) with the types SBP MK-04 and MD4, Reckitt & Colman (Reckitt Benckiser Inc., 1655 Valley Road, PO Box 943, Wayne, New Jersey 07470-0943, USA) the type UFO 1, Godrej (Godrej Sara Lee Ltd., Pirojshanagar, Eastern Express Highway, Vikhroli (East), Mumbai 400 079, India) with the type Good Knight / Electronic Mosquito Destroyer and SC Johnson
  • the commercially available heating devices that can use insecticides in liquid carriers are, for example, liquid evaporators, such as those manufactured by DBK with types ED2 and ED4, Godrej with types Good Knight / Expert Liquidator System and Fa. Zobele (Zobele SPA, Via Fersina 4, 38100 Trento, Italy) with the types Kapo, Spira 3 and Spira 4.
  • control element is designed as an adapter in the form of a plug and socket combination between the power supply socket and the plug of the heating apparatus
  • insecticides which have the necessary physico-chemical properties and which have an active principle suitable for controlling and / or controlling insects.
  • insecticide includes not only substances for killing and / or immobilizing insects, but also substances which can lead to their expulsion from the area of application or to attraction in, for example, cases.
  • Insecticides from the groups of natural and synthetic pyrethroids are preferably used, particularly preferably Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium, (RS) -3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1 R, 3f?) - 2,2-dimethyl -3- (2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate (d-trans-allethrin), (RS) -2-methyl-3- (2-propynyl) -4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1 R) -cis , trans-chrysanthemate (d-prallethrin, trade name: Etoc), (-) 1 R trans 2,2-dimethyl-2- (2,2-dichlorovinyl) -cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 2,3,5,6-tetra-fluorobenzyl ester (transfluthrin ), (S) -3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-
  • insecticides in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, can be mixed with other active compounds, such as, for example, Fungicides or sterilants.
  • the formulations optionally contain the customary dispersants, emulsifiers, solvents, fillers or carriers which are familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • Suitable dosages depend in particular on the type and the level of the infestation pressure from the insects and can be easily determined and determined according to the usual methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the carriers for the insecticides can be solid or liquid and are known to the person skilled in the art in their scope, their material and their design.
  • firm Carriers are used, for example, for active substance-containing mats (eg flat or in pillow form, hereinafter also referred to as 'insecticidal mats').
  • the mats or pillows used in this process are made of non-combustible fibers into which the insecticides and possibly other substances have been incorporated. When used, the mats or pillows are heated under controlled conditions, with the solid carriers largely behaving intimately, and the insecticides are released.
  • Liquid carriers are liquids containing active ingredients, such as vaporizable oils, to which the insecticides are added and which, for example via an electrically heated wick made of non-flammable fibers, cause the insecticides contained in the oil to be distributed in space.
  • active ingredients such as vaporizable oils
  • the insecticides are applied and / or applied to the carriers either directly or in the form already formulated. Often, e.g. Dyes and fragrances added, as well as suitable active ingredients, such as Fungicides or sterilants, to protect the carriers from natural decomposition.
  • insectsicide in the carrier substances can vary within a wide range, they are generally in the range of 0.1 to 60% by weight for mats and pillows and in the range of 0.1 to 90% by weight for oils.
  • temperature control in the sense of the invention, denotes the continuous change in the intensity of the release of the insecticide over time, which must be controlled individually for the greatest possible efficiency of the insecticide (s) used. This is done by directly regulating the current supply of the thermocouple of the heating apparatus, the current supply being longer and more frequent in moments of high intensity than in moments of low intensity. The insecticide is then released by the thermocouple of the heating apparatus.
  • the variably programmed control elements used in the device according to the invention are units in which the Information about the temperature control can be saved as a program, read and - depending on the selection - processed further.
  • the addition "variably programmed" means according to the invention that the control elements are either already provided internally with two or more programs for temperature control or can be provided externally with one or more programs for temperature control. Examples of this are the refinements and developments described below.
  • Chip cards are plastic cards with memory chip or programmable according to the definition of the Brockhaus encyclopedia (F.A. Brockhaus GmbH, Mannheim)
  • Microprocessor can also be used as a credit, telephone and ID card.
  • a preferred further development of this embodiment consists in that the chip card is combined with insecticides in carrier substances, for example in so-called 'insecticidal mats'.
  • This combination element is inserted with a handle with the chip side into the reader, so that the insecticide-containing carrier either rests simultaneously on the thermocouple of the heating apparatus or the thermocouple is immersed in it, for example over a wick.
  • Temperature control then controls the power supply to the thermocouple - directly matched to the insecticides in the solid carrier.
  • the origin, as well as the packaging and programming of the chip cards is known to the person skilled in the art or takes place according to the usual methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides for a group of several EEPROMs, one on each EEPROM Temperature control program is saved.
  • a corresponding EEPROM can be selected by means of a switching group to be operated from the outside, for example push buttons, which then regulates the current supply to the thermocouple and thus controls the release of the insecticide.
  • EEPROM is the English abbreviation for electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (in German: electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory), with which a component from the Computer technology is called (further names: E2PROM, EAROM).
  • E2PROM electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory
  • EAROM a component from the Computer technology
  • a preferred development of this embodiment consists in the fact that several EEPROMs are used which contain special partial programs for temperature control, which can then be combined with one another via the switching group described above. For example, sub-programs that determine the occurrence of insect species and / or their frequency during the day can be combined with other components, such as an optional sub-program that e.g. the room volume and / or the frequency of the air change are taken into account.
  • a single EEPROM can also be used for this, which contains the above-mentioned programs as separate sub-programs or 'sub-routines'. The selection and setting for the desired combination is then carried out as described above.
  • Magnetic tapes, floppy disks, disk storage and CD-ROM can be used with the appropriate reading and further processing units in a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Preferred developments of the above-mentioned configurations include additional devices, such as measuring units and sensors, with which the control element and thus the program for temperature control are coupled and can be further refined.
  • additional devices such as measuring units and sensors, with which the control element and thus the program for temperature control are coupled and can be further refined.
  • To determine a specific starting point of the program it can be linked to the time of day, for example by setting a time on a timepiece or by using a radio clock, in each case in combination with the control element.
  • a photocell in combination with the control element light and dark cycles can be taken into account.
  • measuring devices for temperature, air flow and relative humidity, as well as motion detectors in combination with the control element further important parameters can be coupled with the execution of the temperature control program.
  • the above-mentioned refinements and developments can either be connected directly to the heating apparatus, for example as a built-in, add-on or plug-on element, or as an adapter, for example in the form of a plug and socket combination between the power supply socket (power source) and the plug of the heating apparatus can be used.
  • the device according to the invention thus offers the possibility of adapting to the respective, in some cases individual, requirements for targeted control of the insects which occur at very different times.
  • the requirements are also determined by the respective location. For example, different room volumes as well as the different levels of air exchange in rest, lounge and transit rooms can be taken into account individually during the day.
  • the temperature control adapted to the above-mentioned conditions thus brings about the greatest possible efficiency of the insecticides used, which manifests itself, for example, in a longer period of use of a given amount of the insecticide or in a lower requirement for insecticide for a given period of time.
  • the device according to the invention therefore also results in the least possible exposure of the user to the insecticides used, an effect which is of particular importance in the home.
  • a higher level of safety during use is achieved.
  • the device according to the invention delivers the corresponding chip card together with the insecticide-containing carrier material belonging to the heating apparatus part. This gives the user the certainty that the subsequent delivery will take place with the optimal temperature control for the insecticide present in the carrier. Overheating of sensitive insecticides is therefore impossible.
  • control element is designed as an adapter in the form of a plug and socket combination between the socket of the energy supply and the plug of the heating apparatus, existing heating apparatuses, for example with a constant, fixed temperature setting, retrofitted and thus continue to be used.
  • FIG. 1 circuit diagram of the experimental apparatus
  • FIG. 2 evaporation rate of an insecticide over time with constant, fixed temperature control (prior art)
  • FIG. 3 evaporation rate of an insecticide over time with a variably programmed temperature control (according to the invention)
  • FIG. 6 circuit diagram of an embodiment of the control element
  • FIG. 1 shows the circuit diagram of the control element of a device according to the invention, in which the control element can later be implemented as an adapter in the form of a plug and socket combination between the power supply socket and the plug of the heating apparatus, in order to convert existing heating apparatuses, e.g. with a constant, fixed temperature setting.
  • the results shown in FIG. 5 were determined with this embodiment.
  • a relay card (2, 3) was connected via the parallel interface of a personal computer, which was controlled via the program used for variable temperature control, here specially tailored to combat the mosquito species Aedes aegypti. The switching capacity of the relay card was not sufficient to switch the 230V mains voltage directly.
  • a 24V power supply unit (1) was therefore used to control a 24V relay (3) via the relay card, which could switch the 230V / 8A for the thermocouple of the heating apparatus (1, 2, 3). This then switched the socket (4), which supplied a commercial heating apparatus with constant temperature setting, for this 'insecticidal mats', with electricity.
  • Figure 2 describes the state of the art and shows in a stylized form, expressed as the evaporation rate [mg xh "1 ], the amount of an insecticide (m) from a heating apparatus, given off over time (t) from hours [h] (5) at a constant Temperature setting (6), the temperature (T) being 150 ° C.
  • FIG. 3 describes a device according to the invention and shows, in comparison to FIG. 2, also in a stylized form, expressed as an evaporation rate [mg xh "1 ], the amount of an insecticide (m) released from a heating apparatus over time (t) of hours [h] (7) when using a control element with variably programmed temperature control (8).
  • T temperature
  • the amount of insecticide released was set to a constant level in the next few hours (9), which prevented the occurrence of the harmful or annoying insects over the period of more than 8 hours after the start, the comparison period to FIG. 2 (10). This resulted in extended protection compared to the prior art with the same amount of insecticide used.
  • FIG. 4 describes the prior art and shows the weight loss of the composition No 18 (m) insecticide composition in milligrams [mg] from a so-called 'insecticidal mat' in a heater with a constant temperature setting of 150 ° C. over the course of time (t) of hours [ H].
  • the originally used amount of the insecticide composition (20 mg) is almost completely used up after 13 hours (11) under these conditions and no longer provides protection, for example against mosquitoes.
  • FIG. 5 describes a device according to the invention and shows the killing time for 50% of the mosquitoes tested (KT50) in minutes [min] by means of the insecticide Composition No 18 from a so-called 'insecticidal mat' in a semi-logarithmic representation (12) using the one in FIG 1 described embodiment of the device according to the invention (note: low KT50 values indicate high effectiveness).
  • the temperature control was adapted to the mosquito species Aedes aegypti and its occurrence over the course of the day, with the symbols T 100 ° C and T 150 ° C identifying the respectively controlled temperature in the course of the temperature control.
  • the same amount of insecticide as in FIG. 4 was used in this experiment.
  • FIG. 6 shows the circuit diagram of an embodiment of the control element (use: EEPROM).
  • the control element contains one or a group of EEPROMs (16) which contain programs for temperature control and which are selected by a switching group (17). These switch the energy supply of an electrical thermocouple (20), which causes the release of one or more insecticides from carriers (21).
  • the control element can be implemented by measuring units (18), e.g. a radio clock, and / or by sensors (19), e.g. a photocell.
  • FIG. 7 shows the circuit diagram of an embodiment of the control element (use: chip card).
  • the control element contains one or more chip card readers (22) into which one or more chip cards (23) containing programs for temperature control can be inserted. These switch the energy supply of an electrical thermocouple (20), which the
  • the control element can be implemented by measuring units (18), e.g. radio clock; and / or by sensors (19), e.g. Photocells; be expanded.
  • the control element of the experimental apparatus containing a programmable relay card, power supply, plug and socket combination (circuit diagram, Figure 1), was set so that the mosquito species Aedes aegypti and its occurrence during the day could be detected by the programmed temperature control ,

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for combating insects, containing a heating apparatus (20), one or more insecticides which are arranged in carrier materials (21) and one or more control elements (16) which are programmed in a variable manner with a temperature guide. Said control elements control the heating apparatus over the period of time needed to combating the insects, according to selection (17). The control element can also contain additional devices, such as measuring units (18) and sensors (19) which are coupled to the temperature guide.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von InsektenInsect control device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten enthaltend eine Heizapparatur und ein oder mehrere Insektizide in Trägerstoffen.The invention relates to a device for controlling insects containing a heating apparatus and one or more insecticides in carriers.
Die Verwendung von Heizapparaturen ist gebräuchlich zur Verflüchtigung von Substanzen, wie Desodorants, Desinfektionsmitteln oder Insektiziden, in der Raumluft. Die zu verflüchtigenden Substanzen können in festen Trägerstoffen, wie beispielsweise in sogenannten 'Matten', enthalten sein oder in flüssigen Trägerstoffen, die sich dann in einem Gefäß befinden und über einen Docht freigesetzt werden. Bei den Heizapparaturen handelt es sich vorwiegend um elektrisch betriebene Geräte mit thermisch kontrollierbaren Elementen. In den meisten Fällen wird eine konstante, fest fixierte Temperatureinstellung durch Verwendung von Thermoelementen mit positiven thermischen Koeffizienten verwendet, beispielsweise dargestellt in EP-A-0965267 und WO-A-97/02054. Daneben existieren aber auch Entwicklungen, die Temperatureinstellung variabel zu gestalten, entweder durch Verwendung von manuell zu bedienenden Einstellrädern an der Heizapparatur, wie in US-A-4837421 beschrieben, oder durchThe use of heating devices is common for the volatilization of substances such as deodorants, disinfectants or insecticides in the room air. The substances to be volatilized can be contained in solid carriers, such as so-called 'mats', or in liquid carriers, which are then in a vessel and released via a wick. The heating devices are mainly electrically operated devices with thermally controllable elements. In most cases, a constant, fixed temperature setting is used by using thermocouples with positive thermal coefficients, for example shown in EP-A-0965267 and WO-A-97/02054. In addition, there are also developments to make the temperature setting variable, either by using manually operated setting wheels on the heating apparatus, as described in US-A-4837421, or by
Heizapparaturen mit Impulsgeber, der durch ein einzelnes, festeingestelltes Programm gesteuert wird, wobei die Stromzufuhr zum Thermoelement (Heizelement) so reguliert wird, daß Zeitintervalle mit höherer und niedriger Intensität möglich sind, wie in EP-A-0911046 dargelegt.Heating devices with pulse generator, which is controlled by a single, fixed program, the power supply to the thermocouple (heating element) being regulated so that time intervals with higher and lower intensity are possible, as set out in EP-A-0911046.
Obwohl die bisher bekannten Heizapparaturen vielfältig zur Bekämpfung von Insekten eingesetzt werden, wird die gewünschte Wirkung überwiegend durch einen Überschuß an den freizusetzenden Insektiziden erzielt. Die eingesetzte Menge an Insektizid wird daher schneller verbraucht und die Wirkungsdauer ist kürzer als notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere für Heizapparaturen mit einer konstanten, fest fixierten Temperatureinstellung. Heizapparaturen mit einer variablen Temperatureinstellung, beispielsweise durch manuelle Betätigung eines Einstellrades, gestatten zwar theoretisch eine Temperaturführung, mit der die Intensität der Freisetzung des Insektizids gesteuert werden kann, jedoch ist eine spezielle, auf die Bekämpfung einzelner Insektenarten abgestimmte Temperaturführung aufgrund der mehrmaligen manuellen Betätigung der Temperatureinstellung für das jeweilige Zeitintervall weniger praktikabel. Heizapparaturen mit Impulsgeber, wobei der Impulsgeber fest eingebaut ist und durch ein einzelnes, fest eingestelltes Programm gesteuert wird, können zwar eine automatische Temperaturführung zwischen den jeweiligen Zeitintervallen realisieren, jedoch mangelt es ihnen an der notwendigen Flexibilität für die Verwendung in den verschiedenartigen Einsatzgebieten. Dies gilt insbesondere mit Hinblick auf die verbesserte Wirkungsdauer der jeweils eingesetzten Mengen an Insektizid. Die Verschiedenartigkeit der Einsatzgebiete ergibt sich aus der Tatsache, daß die jeweils zu bekämpfenden Insektenarten über eine unterschiedliche, individuelle Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Insektiziden verfügen und daß sie im Tagesverlauf unterschiedlich stark auftreten. Daneben müssen für eine gezielte Bekämpfung dieser Insektenarten auch die jeweils vorliegenden räumlichen Verhältnisse, wie beispielsweise das Raumvolumen und die Luftumwälzung, berücksichtigt werden.Although the heating devices known to date are used in a variety of ways to control insects, the desired effect is achieved predominantly by an excess of the insecticides to be released. The amount of insecticide used is therefore consumed faster and the duration of action is shorter than necessary. This applies in particular to heating devices with a constant, fixed temperature setting. Heating devices with a variable temperature setting, for example by manually operating a setting wheel, theoretically allow temperature control with which the intensity of the release of the insecticide can be controlled, but one is special temperature control tailored to the control of individual insect species is less practical due to the repeated manual actuation of the temperature setting for the respective time interval. Heating devices with pulse generator, where the pulse generator is permanently installed and controlled by a single, permanently set program, can realize an automatic temperature control between the respective time intervals, but they lack the necessary flexibility for use in the various fields of application. This applies in particular with regard to the improved duration of action of the amounts of insecticide used in each case. The diversity of the application areas results from the fact that the insect species to be controlled in each case have a different, individual sensitivity to insecticides and that they occur to different extents during the course of the day. In addition, for a targeted control of these insect species, the prevailing spatial conditions, such as the volume of the room and the air circulation, must also be taken into account.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten zu schaffen, die eine Heizapparatur enthält, in der ein oder mehrere Insektizide zur Bekämpfung der verschiedenartigsten Insektenarten einsetzt werden können, und wobei, abgestimmt auf die jeweils zu bekämpfende Insektenart, eine verbesserte Wirkungsdauer der jeweils eingesetzten Menge an Insektizid erzielt werden soll.The object of the present invention is to provide a device for controlling insects which contains a heating apparatus in which one or more insecticides can be used to control a wide variety of insect species, and which, depending on the type of insect to be combated, has an improved duration of action the amount of insecticide used should be achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung, enthaltend eine Heizapparatur, die durch ein oder mehrere mit einer Temperaturführung variabel programmierte Steuerelemente, über den Bekämpfungszeitraum gesteuert wird. Die auf diesen Steuerelementen programmierte Temperaturführung ist hierbei auf die jeweils zu bekämpfende Insektenart in Hinblick auf eine verbesserte Wirkungsdauer der eingesetzten Menge an Insektizid abgestimmt. Der Begriff verbesserte Wirkungsdauer beschreibt hierbei das Produkt aus den Größen 'wirksame Dosierung' und 'Häufigkeit der Abgabe', wobei die wirksame Dosierung von der individuellen Empfindlichkeit der Insektenart abhängig ist und die Häufigkeit der Abgabe vom tatsächlichen Auftreten der Insektenart bestimmt wird. Zum Erreichen der verbesserten Wirkungsdauer wird daher nur die ausreichend dosierte Menge an Insektizid abgegeben mit einer Häufigkeit, die die maximal mögliche Zeitspanne der Bekämpfung mit der eingesetzten Menge zuläßt.This object is achieved by a device comprising a heating apparatus which is controlled over the control period by one or more control elements variably programmed with a temperature control. The temperature control programmed on these control elements is matched to the type of insect to be controlled with regard to an improved duration of action of the amount of insecticide used. The term improved duration of action describes the product of the quantities 'effective dosage' and 'frequency of release', the effective dosage depending on the individual sensitivity of the insect species and the Frequency of delivery is determined by the actual occurrence of the insect species. To achieve the improved duration of action, therefore, only the adequately dosed amount of insecticide is released with a frequency that allows the maximum possible period of control with the amount used.
Beispiele für Insektenarten, die periodisch im Tagesverlauf auftreten, sind Aedes spp. (Moskito; stark am Abend, nie in der Nacht, schwach am Morgen, kaum am Tag), Anopheles spp. (Moskito; schwach am Abend, stark in der Nacht, schwach am Morgen, nie am Tag), Cujex spp. (Moskito; stark am Abend, kaum in der Nacht, stark am Morgen, nie am Tag), Phlebotomus spp. (Sandfliege; stark am Abend, schwach in der Nacht, schwach am Morgen, nie am Tag), Lutzomyia spp. (Sandfliege; stark am Abend, schwach in der Nacht, schwach am Morgen, nie am Tag), verschiedene Fliegenarten, wie Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora spp., Drosiphila spp., Bradysia spp. (kaum am Abend, nie in der Nacht, schwach am Morgen, stark am Tag) und verschiedene Wespenarten, wie Vespula spp., Polistes spp. (kaum am Abend, nie in der Nacht, schwach am Morgen, stark am Tag).Examples of insect species that occur periodically throughout the day are Aedes spp. (Mosquito; strong in the evening, never at night, weak in the morning, hardly during the day), Anopheles spp. (Mosquito; weak in the evening, strong at night, weak in the morning, never during the day), Cujex spp. (Mosquito; strong in the evening, hardly at night, strong in the morning, never during the day), Phlebotomus spp. (Sand fly; strong in the evening, weak at night, weak in the morning, never during the day), Lutzomyia spp. (Sand fly; strong in the evening, weak at night, weak in the morning, never during the day), various types of flies, such as Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora spp., Drosiphila spp., Bradysia spp. (hardly in the evening, never at night, weak in the morning, strong in the day) and various types of wasps, such as Vespula spp., Polistes spp. (hardly in the evening, never at night, weak in the morning, strong in the day).
Bei den mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zu bekämpfenden Insekten handelt es sich um alle Insekten, die im Anwendungsbereich als schädlich oder lästig gelten; bevorzugt sind Insekten aus den Gruppen der Stechmücken, beispielsweise aus der Familie der Culicidae und Vertretern wieThe insects to be controlled with the device according to the invention are all insects which are considered harmful or annoying in the area of application; preferred are insects from the mosquito groups, for example from the Culicidae family and representatives such as
Anopheles spp., Aedes spp., Culex spp., Culiseta spp.; der Fliegen, beispielsweise aus der Familie der Muscidae und Vertretern wie Musca spp., Drosophila spp., Simulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp.; Fannia spp., Calliphora spp., Bradysia spp.; der Wespen, beispielsweise aus der Familie der Muscidae und Vertretern wieAnopheles spp., Aedes spp., Culex spp., Culiseta spp .; the flies, for example from the Muscidae family and representatives such as Musca spp., Drosophila spp., Simulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp .; Fannia spp., Calliphora spp., Bradysia spp .; the wasps, for example from the Muscidae family and representatives such as
Vespula spp., Polistes spp.; der Flöhe, beispielsweise aus der Familie der Pulicidae; der Schaben, beispielsweise aus der Familie der Blattelidae; der Wanzen, beispielsweise aus der Familie der Cimicidae, und der Motten, beispielsweise aus der Familie der Pyralidae. Für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kommen alle Anwendungsbereiche in Betracht, in denen als schädlich oder lästig geltende Insekten auftreten, bevorzugt der Vorrats- und Materialschutz, der Hygienesektor und der häusliche Bereich, wobei als eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in den entsprechenden Räumlichkeiten eingesetzt und gegebenenfalls mit weiteren Standardmaßnahmen, wie z.B. Klebtafeln oder Fallen, kombiniert wird.Vespula spp., Polistes spp .; the fleas, for example from the Pulicidae family; cockroaches, for example from the Blattelidae family; bugs, for example from the family of the Cimicidae, and moths, for example from the family of the Pyralidae. For the device according to the invention, all areas of application come into consideration in which insects are considered harmful or annoying, preferably the protection of stored goods and materials, the hygiene sector and the domestic area, the device according to the invention being used and, if appropriate, as an embodiment of the invention in the corresponding rooms can be combined with other standard measures, such as adhesive boards or traps.
In der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können speziell entwickelte oder handelsübliche Heizapparaturen verwendet werden. Bevorzugt sind Heizapparaturen, die für eine Verwendung von Insektiziden in festen und flüssigen Trägerstoffen geeignet sind und hierfür über die entsprechenden Thermoelemente verfügen. Bei den handelsüblichen Heizapparaturen, die Insektizide in festen Trägerstoffen verwenden können, handelt es sich beispielsweise um Geräte zur Erhitzung von sogenannten 'insektiziden Matten', wie sie z.B. die Hersteller Fa. DBK (DBK Espana S.A., Parc Tecnolögic del Valles, C/Argenters 8, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spanien) mit den Typen SBP MK-04 und MD4, Fa. Reckitt & Colman (Reckitt Benckiser Inc., 1655 Valley Road, P. O. Box 943, Wayne, New Jersey 07470-0943, USA) mit dem Typ UFO 1 , Fa. Godrej (Godrej Sara Lee Ltd., Pirojshanagar, Eastern Express Highway, Vikhroli (East), Mumbai 400 079, Indien) mit dem Typ Good Knight/Electronic Mosquito Destroyer und Fa. SC Johnson (SC Johnson Inc., 1525 Howe Street, Racine, Wisconsin 53403-5011 , USA) mit dem Typ RAID anbieten. Bei den handelsüblichen Heizapparaturen, die Insektizide in flüssigen Trägerstoffen verwenden können, handelt es sich beispielsweise um Flüssigkeitsverdampfer, wie sie z.B. die Hersteller Fa. DBK mit den Typen ED2 und ED4, Fa. Godrej mit dem Typ Good Knight/Expert Liquidator System und Fa. Zobele (Zobele SPA, Via Fersina 4, 38100 Trento, Italien) mit den Typen Kapo, Spira 3 und Spira 4 anbieten. Besonders bevorzugt in Kombination mit einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, worin das Steuerelement als Adapter in Form einer Stecker- und Steckdosen-Kombination zwischen der Steckdose der Energieversorgung und dem Stecker der Heizapparatur ausgeführt ist, sind die Heizapparaturen der Typen SBP MK-04, SBP MD4, UFO 1, Good Knight/Electronic Mosquito Destroyer, RAID, ED2, ED4, Good Knight/Expert Liquidator System, Kapo, Spira 3, Spira 4 oder mit diesen Typen baugleiche Geräte.Specially developed or commercially available heating devices can be used in the device according to the invention. Heating devices are preferred which are suitable for the use of insecticides in solid and liquid carriers and which have the appropriate thermocouples for this purpose. The commercially available heating devices that can use insecticides in solid carriers are, for example, devices for heating so-called 'insecticidal mats', such as those manufactured by DBK (DBK Espana SA, Parc Tecnolögic del Valles, C / Argenters 8 , 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain) with the types SBP MK-04 and MD4, Reckitt & Colman (Reckitt Benckiser Inc., 1655 Valley Road, PO Box 943, Wayne, New Jersey 07470-0943, USA) the type UFO 1, Godrej (Godrej Sara Lee Ltd., Pirojshanagar, Eastern Express Highway, Vikhroli (East), Mumbai 400 079, India) with the type Good Knight / Electronic Mosquito Destroyer and SC Johnson (SC Johnson Inc ., 1525 Howe Street, Racine, Wisconsin 53403-5011, USA) with the RAID type. The commercially available heating devices that can use insecticides in liquid carriers are, for example, liquid evaporators, such as those manufactured by DBK with types ED2 and ED4, Godrej with types Good Knight / Expert Liquidator System and Fa. Zobele (Zobele SPA, Via Fersina 4, 38100 Trento, Italy) with the types Kapo, Spira 3 and Spira 4. Particularly preferred in combination with an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the control element is designed as an adapter in the form of a plug and socket combination between the power supply socket and the plug of the heating apparatus, are the types SBP MK-04, SBP MD4 , UFO 1, Good Knight / Electronic Mosquito Destroyer, RAID, ED2, ED4, Good Knight / Expert Liquidator System, Kapo, Spira 3, Spira 4 or devices of identical construction with these types.
In der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können als Insektizide alle Substanzen verwendet werden, die über die notwendigen physiko-chemischen Eigenschaften verfügen und die ein zur Bekämpfung und/oder Kontrolle von Insekten geeignetes Wirkprinzip aufweisen. Hierbei umfaßt der Begriff Insektizid nicht nur Substanzen zur Abtötung und/oder Immobilisierung von Insekten, sondern auch Substanzen, die zu deren Vertreibung aus den Anwendungsbereich oder zur Anlockung in beispielsweise Fallen führen können. Bevorzugt werden Insektizide aus den Gruppen der natürlichen und synthetischen Pyrethroide verwendet, besonders bevorzugt Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium, (RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1 R,3f?)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropancarboxylat (d-trans- Allethrin), (RS)-2-methyl-3-(2-propynyl)-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl(1 R)-cis,trans- chrysanthemat (d-Prallethrin, Tradename: Etoc), (-)1 R trans 2,2-Dimethyl-2-(2,2- dichlorvinyl)-cyclopropancarboxylsäure 2,3,5,6-tetra-fluorobenzylester (Transfluthrin), (S)-3-Allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1 R,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2- methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropanecarboxylat (S-Bioallethrin), Permethrin, Cypermethrin, Lambda-Cyhalothrin und Tetramethrin.In the device according to the invention, all substances can be used as insecticides which have the necessary physico-chemical properties and which have an active principle suitable for controlling and / or controlling insects. Here, the term insecticide includes not only substances for killing and / or immobilizing insects, but also substances which can lead to their expulsion from the area of application or to attraction in, for example, cases. Insecticides from the groups of natural and synthetic pyrethroids are preferably used, particularly preferably Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium, (RS) -3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1 R, 3f?) - 2,2-dimethyl -3- (2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate (d-trans-allethrin), (RS) -2-methyl-3- (2-propynyl) -4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1 R) -cis , trans-chrysanthemate (d-prallethrin, trade name: Etoc), (-) 1 R trans 2,2-dimethyl-2- (2,2-dichlorovinyl) -cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 2,3,5,6-tetra-fluorobenzyl ester (transfluthrin ), (S) -3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1 R, 3R) -2,2-dimethyl-3- (2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropane carboxylate (S-bioallethrin ), Permethrin, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and tetramethrin.
Die Insektizide können in ihren handelsüblichen Formulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen in Mischungen mit anderen Wirkstoffen, wie z.B. Fungiziden oder Sterilantien, vorliegen. Daneben enthalten die Formulierungen gegebenenfalls die jeweils üblichen, dem Fachmann geläufigen Dispergier-, Emulgier-, Lösungsmittel, Füll- oder Trägerstoffe.The insecticides, in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, can be mixed with other active compounds, such as, for example, Fungicides or sterilants. In addition, the formulations optionally contain the customary dispersants, emulsifiers, solvents, fillers or carriers which are familiar to the person skilled in the art.
Geeignete Dosierungen sind insbesondere von der Art und der Höhe des Befallsdrucks durch die Insekten abhängig und lassen sich nach den üblichen, dem Fachmann geläufigen Methoden leicht ermitteln und festlegen.Suitable dosages depend in particular on the type and the level of the infestation pressure from the insects and can be easily determined and determined according to the usual methods known to the person skilled in the art.
Die Trägerstoffe für die Insektizide können fest oder flüssig sein und sind in ihrem Umfang, ihrem Material und ihrer Ausgestaltung dem Fachmann geläufig. Feste Trägerstoffe werden beispielsweise für wirkstoffhaltige Matten (z.B. flach oder in Kissenform, im folgenden auch als 'insektizide Matten' bezeichnet) verwendet. Die bei diesem Verfahren verwendet Matten oder Kissen sind aus nicht brennbaren Fasern, in die die Insektizide sowie gegebenenfalls noch weitere Stoffe eingearbeitet wurden. Bei der Anwendung werden die Matten oder Kissen unter kontrollierten Bedingungen erhitzt, wobei sich die festen Trägerstoffe weitestgehend innert verhalten, und die Insektizide werden freigesetzt. Flüssige Trägerstoffe sind wirkstoffhaltige Flüssigkeiten, wie beispielsweise verdampfbare Öle, denen die Insektizide zugesetzt werden und die z.B. über einen elektrisch erhitzten Docht aus nicht brennbaren Fasern, eine Raumverteilung der im Öl enthaltenen Insektizide bewirken.The carriers for the insecticides can be solid or liquid and are known to the person skilled in the art in their scope, their material and their design. firm Carriers are used, for example, for active substance-containing mats (eg flat or in pillow form, hereinafter also referred to as 'insecticidal mats'). The mats or pillows used in this process are made of non-combustible fibers into which the insecticides and possibly other substances have been incorporated. When used, the mats or pillows are heated under controlled conditions, with the solid carriers largely behaving intimately, and the insecticides are released. Liquid carriers are liquids containing active ingredients, such as vaporizable oils, to which the insecticides are added and which, for example via an electrically heated wick made of non-flammable fibers, cause the insecticides contained in the oil to be distributed in space.
Die Insektizide werden auf die Trägerstoffe entweder direkt oder in bereits formulierter Form auf- und/oder eingebracht. Häufig werden hierbei auch z.B. Farb- und Duftstoffe zugesetzt, sowie geeignete Wirkstoffe, wie z.B. Fungizide oder Sterilantien, zum Schutz der Trägerstoffe vor natürlicher Zersetzung.The insecticides are applied and / or applied to the carriers either directly or in the form already formulated. Often, e.g. Dyes and fragrances added, as well as suitable active ingredients, such as Fungicides or sterilants, to protect the carriers from natural decomposition.
Die Gehalte an Insektizid in den Trägerstoffen können in einem weiten Bereich variieren, sie liegen im allgemeinen bei Matten und Kissen im Bereich von 0,1 bis 60 Gew.-% und bei Ölen im Bereich von 0,1 bis 90 Gew.-%.The contents of insecticide in the carrier substances can vary within a wide range, they are generally in the range of 0.1 to 60% by weight for mats and pillows and in the range of 0.1 to 90% by weight for oils.
Der Begriff Temperaturführung, bezeichnet im Sinne der Erfindung die kontinuierliche Veränderung der Intensität der Freisetzung des Insektizids im Zeitverlauf, die für eine größtmögliche Effizienz des oder der eingesetzten Insektizide individuell gesteuert werden muß. Dies geschieht durch direkte Regelung der Stromzufuhr des Thermoelements der Heizapparatur, wobei die Stromzufuhr in Momenten hoher Intensität länger und häufiger erfolgt als in Momenten niedriger Intensität. Durch das Thermoelement der Heizapparatur erfolgt dann die Freisetzung des Insektizids.The term temperature control, in the sense of the invention, denotes the continuous change in the intensity of the release of the insecticide over time, which must be controlled individually for the greatest possible efficiency of the insecticide (s) used. This is done by directly regulating the current supply of the thermocouple of the heating apparatus, the current supply being longer and more frequent in moments of high intensity than in moments of low intensity. The insecticide is then released by the thermocouple of the heating apparatus.
Bei den in der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung verwendeten, variabel programmierten Steuerelementen handelt es sich um Einheiten, in denen die Information der Temperaturführung als Programm gespeichert, gelesen und -je nach Auswahl - weiterverarbeitet werden kann. Der Zusatz Variabel programmiert' bedeutet erfindungsgemäß, daß die Steuerelemente entweder bereits intern mit zwei oder mehr Programmen zur Temperaturführung versehen sind oder von extern mit einem oder mehreren Programmen zur Temperaturführung versehen werden können. Beispiele hierfür sind die im folgenden beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen.The variably programmed control elements used in the device according to the invention are units in which the Information about the temperature control can be saved as a program, read and - depending on the selection - processed further. The addition "variably programmed" means according to the invention that the control elements are either already provided internally with two or more programs for temperature control or can be provided externally with one or more programs for temperature control. Examples of this are the refinements and developments described below.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung umfaßt eine Chip-Karte als Informationsspeicher, auf der sich das Programm zurA preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises a chip card as an information store on which the program for
Temperaturführung befindet. Diese Chip-Karte wird in ein entsprechendes Chip- Kartenlesegerät eingesteckt, welches dann die Stromzufuhr zum Thermoelement regelt und damit die Freisetzung des Insektizids steuert. Chip-Karten sind entsprechend der Definition der Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie (F.A. Brockhaus GmbH, Mannheim) Kunststoff karten mit Speicherchip oder programmierbaremTemperature control is located. This chip card is inserted into a corresponding chip card reader, which then regulates the power supply to the thermocouple and thus controls the release of the insecticide. Chip cards are plastic cards with memory chip or programmable according to the definition of the Brockhaus encyclopedia (F.A. Brockhaus GmbH, Mannheim)
Mikroprozessor, die u.a. auch als Kredit-, Telefon- und Ausweiskarte verwendet werden.Microprocessor can also be used as a credit, telephone and ID card.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung dieser Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß die Chip- Karte zusammen mit Insektiziden in Trägerstoffen, beispielsweise in sogenannten 'insektiziden Matten', kombiniert wird. Dieses Kombinationselement wird mit einem Handgriff mit der Chipseite in das Lesegerät eingesteckt, wodurch der insektizid haltige Trägerstoff entweder gleichzeitig auf dem Thermoelement der Heizapparatur aufliegt oder das Thermoelement, beispielsweise über einem Docht, in ihn eintaucht. Das in der Chip-Karte enthaltene Programm mit derA preferred further development of this embodiment consists in that the chip card is combined with insecticides in carrier substances, for example in so-called 'insecticidal mats'. This combination element is inserted with a handle with the chip side into the reader, so that the insecticide-containing carrier either rests simultaneously on the thermocouple of the heating apparatus or the thermocouple is immersed in it, for example over a wick. The program contained in the chip card with the
Temperaturführung steuert dann - direkt abgestimmt auf die Insektizide im festen Trägerstoff - die Stromzufuhr zum Thermoelement. Herkunft, sowie Konfektionierung und Programmierung der Chip-Karten ist dem Fachmann geläufig bzw. geschieht nach den üblichen, dem Fachmann geläufigen Methoden.Temperature control then controls the power supply to the thermocouple - directly matched to the insecticides in the solid carrier. The origin, as well as the packaging and programming of the chip cards is known to the person skilled in the art or takes place according to the usual methods known to the person skilled in the art.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sieht eine Gruppe von mehreren EEPROMs vor, wobei auf jedem EEPROM ein Programm zur Temperaturführung gespeichert ist. Durch eine von außen zu bedienende Schaltgruppe, beispielsweise Druckknöpfe, kann ein entsprechender EEPROM ausgewählt werden, der dann die Stromzufuhr zum Thermoelement regelt und damit die Freisetzung des Insektizids steuert. EEPROM ist entsprechend der Definition der Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie (F.A. Brockhaus GmbH, Mannheim), die englische Abkürzung für electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (in Deutsch: elektrisch lösch- und programmierbarer Nur-Lese-Speicher), womit ein Bauteil aus der Computertechnologie bezeichnet wird (weitere Bezeichnungen: E2PROM, EAROM). Die Herkunft, sowie Konfektionierung und Programmierung des EEPROM sind dem Fachmann geläufig bzw. geschehen nach den üblichen, dem Fachmann geläufigen Methoden.A further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides for a group of several EEPROMs, one on each EEPROM Temperature control program is saved. A corresponding EEPROM can be selected by means of a switching group to be operated from the outside, for example push buttons, which then regulates the current supply to the thermocouple and thus controls the release of the insecticide. According to the definition of the Brockhaus encyclopedia (FA Brockhaus GmbH, Mannheim), EEPROM is the English abbreviation for electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (in German: electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory), with which a component from the Computer technology is called (further names: E2PROM, EAROM). The origin, as well as the packaging and programming of the EEPROM are known to the person skilled in the art or are carried out according to the usual methods known to the person skilled in the art.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung dieser Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß mehrere EEPROMs verwendet werden, die spezielle Teilprogramme zur Temperaturführung enthalten, die dann miteinander über die oben beschriebene Schaltgruppe kombiniert werden können. Beispielsweise können so Teilprogramme, die das Insektenarten-spezifische Auftreten und/oder deren Häufigkeit im Tagesverlauf, mit weiteren Komponenten, wie beispielsweise einem optionalen Teilprogramm, welches z.B. das Raumvolumen und/oder die Häufigkeit des Luftwechsels berücksichtigt, miteinander kombiniert werden. Es kann hierfür auch ein einzelner EEPROM verwendet werden, der die oben genannten Programme als getrennte Unter- Programme bzw. 'Sub-Routinen' in sich enthält. Die Auswahl und Einstellung für die gewünschte Kombination erfolgt dann wie oben beschrieben.A preferred development of this embodiment consists in the fact that several EEPROMs are used which contain special partial programs for temperature control, which can then be combined with one another via the switching group described above. For example, sub-programs that determine the occurrence of insect species and / or their frequency during the day can be combined with other components, such as an optional sub-program that e.g. the room volume and / or the frequency of the air change are taken into account. A single EEPROM can also be used for this, which contains the above-mentioned programs as separate sub-programs or 'sub-routines'. The selection and setting for the desired combination is then carried out as described above.
Prinzipiell können alle weiteren Formen von Datenträgern, wie beispielsweiseIn principle, all other forms of data carriers, such as
Magnetbänder, Disketten, Plattenspeicher und CD-ROM, mit den geeigneten Lese- und Weiterverarbeitungseinheiten in weiteren Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung verwendet werden.Magnetic tapes, floppy disks, disk storage and CD-ROM, can be used with the appropriate reading and further processing units in a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der oben genannten Ausgestaltungen beinhalten zusätzliche Vorrichtungen, wie Meßeinheiten und Sensoren, mit denen das Steuerelement und somit das Programm zur Temperaturführung gekoppelt und weiter verfeinert werden kann. Zur Festlegung eines bestimmten Startpunkts des Programms kann eine Kopplung mit der Tageszeit erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Einstellung einer Uhrzeit an einem Zeitmesser oder durch Verwendung einer Funkuhr, jeweils in Kombination mit dem Steuerelement. Durch die Verwendung einer Photozelle in Kombination mit dem Steuerelement können Licht- und Dunkelzyklen berücksichtigt werden. Durch die Verwendung von Meßgeräten für Temperatur, Luftströmung und relative Feuchte, sowie Bewegungsmeldern in Kombination mit dem Steuerelement können weitere wichtige Parameter mit der Ausführung des Programms zur Temperaturführung gekoppelt werden.Preferred developments of the above-mentioned configurations include additional devices, such as measuring units and sensors, with which the control element and thus the program for temperature control are coupled and can be further refined. To determine a specific starting point of the program, it can be linked to the time of day, for example by setting a time on a timepiece or by using a radio clock, in each case in combination with the control element. By using a photocell in combination with the control element, light and dark cycles can be taken into account. By using measuring devices for temperature, air flow and relative humidity, as well as motion detectors in combination with the control element, further important parameters can be coupled with the execution of the temperature control program.
Die oben genannten Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen können entweder direkt mit der Heizapparatur verbunden sein, beispielsweise als Einbau-, Anbau- oder Ansteckelement, oder als Adapter, beispielsweise in Form einer Stecker- und Steckdosen-Kombination zwischen der Steckdose der Energieversorgung (Stromquelle) und dem Stecker der Heizapparatur ausgeführt, verwendet werden.The above-mentioned refinements and developments can either be connected directly to the heating apparatus, for example as a built-in, add-on or plug-on element, or as an adapter, for example in the form of a plug and socket combination between the power supply socket (power source) and the plug of the heating apparatus can be used.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung besteht somit die Möglichkeit, sich den jeweiligen, zum Teil individuellen Anforderungen für eine gezielte Bekämpfung der zeitlich sehr unterschiedlich auftretenden Insekten anzupassen. Daneben werden die Anforderungen auch durch den jeweiligen Einsatzort bestimmt. So können beispielsweise auch unterschiedliche Raumvolumen sowie der unterschiedlich starke Luftaustausch in Ruhe-, Aufenthalts- und Durchgangsräumen im Tagesverlauf individuell mit berücksichtigt werden. Die auf die oben genannten Bedingungen angepaßte Temperaturführung bewirkt somit die größtmögliche Effizienz der eingesetzten Insektizide, welches sich beispielsweise in einer längeren Anwendungsdauer einer gegebenen Menge des Insektizids oder in einem geringeren Bedarf an Insektizid für einen gegebenen Zeitraum äußert. Durch diesen dosierten Einsatz und dessen Mengenersparnis führt die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung daher auch zur geringstmöglichen Exposition des Anwenders mit den eingesetzten Insektiziden, ein Effekt, der insbesondere im häuslichen Bereich von Bedeutung ist. Daneben wird auch eine höhere Sicherheit bei der Anwendung erzielt. Beispielsweise wird bei einer der oben genannten Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung die entsprechende Chip-Karte zusammen mit dem in den Heizapparaturteil gehörigen, insektizidhaltigen Trägermaterial ausgeliefert. Dadurch hat der Anwender die Sicherheit, daß die spätere Abgabe mit der optimalen Temperaturführung für das im Träger vorliegende Insektizid erfolgt. Eine Überhitzung empfindlicherer Insektizide ist somit ausgeschlossen. Daneben ist bei dieser Lösung ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität für den Anwender möglich, und da jede erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung nur mit einem Chip-Kartenlesegerät ausgerüstet sein muß, ergeben sich für den Hersteller eine breitere Einsetzbarkeit bei geringeren Produktionskosten. Durch die Verwendung der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, worin das Steuerelement als Adapter in Form einer Stecker- und Steckdosen-Kombination zwischen der Steckdose der Energieversorgung und dem Stecker der Heizapparatur ausgeführt ist, können bereits vorhandene Heizapparaturen, z.B. mit einer konstanten, fest fixierten Temperatureinstellung, nachgerüstet und somit weiter verwendet werden.The device according to the invention thus offers the possibility of adapting to the respective, in some cases individual, requirements for targeted control of the insects which occur at very different times. In addition, the requirements are also determined by the respective location. For example, different room volumes as well as the different levels of air exchange in rest, lounge and transit rooms can be taken into account individually during the day. The temperature control adapted to the above-mentioned conditions thus brings about the greatest possible efficiency of the insecticides used, which manifests itself, for example, in a longer period of use of a given amount of the insecticide or in a lower requirement for insecticide for a given period of time. As a result of this metered use and its quantity saving, the device according to the invention therefore also results in the least possible exposure of the user to the insecticides used, an effect which is of particular importance in the home. In addition, a higher level of safety during use is achieved. For example, in one of the above-mentioned configurations The device according to the invention delivers the corresponding chip card together with the insecticide-containing carrier material belonging to the heating apparatus part. This gives the user the certainty that the subsequent delivery will take place with the optimal temperature control for the insecticide present in the carrier. Overheating of sensitive insecticides is therefore impossible. In addition, a high degree of flexibility is possible for the user with this solution, and since each device according to the invention only has to be equipped with a chip card reader, the manufacturer has a broader usability with lower production costs. By using the embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the control element is designed as an adapter in the form of a plug and socket combination between the socket of the energy supply and the plug of the heating apparatus, existing heating apparatuses, for example with a constant, fixed temperature setting, retrofitted and thus continue to be used.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Merkmale sind in der folgenden Figurenbeschreibung wiedergegeben, die jeweils in Verbindung mit oben dargestellten Merkmalen zu neuen Weiterbildungen kombiniert werden können. Es zeigen:Further advantageous configurations and features are reproduced in the following description of the figures, which can be combined in each case in connection with the features shown above to form new developments. Show it:
Figur 1 Schaltbild der Versuchsapparatur,FIG. 1 circuit diagram of the experimental apparatus,
Figur 2 Verdampfungsrate eines Insektizids im Zeitverlauf bei konstanter, fest fixierter Temperaturführung (Stand der Technik), Figur 3 Verdampfungsrate eines Insektizids im Zeitverlauf bei variabel programmierter Temperaturführung (erfindungsgemäßeFIG. 2 evaporation rate of an insecticide over time with constant, fixed temperature control (prior art), FIG. 3 evaporation rate of an insecticide over time with a variably programmed temperature control (according to the invention)
Vorrichtung), Figur 4 Gewichtsverlust der Insektizidzusammensetzung CompositionDevice), Figure 4 Weight loss of the Insecticide Composition
No 18 im Zeitverlauf bei fest eingestellter TemperaturführungNo 18 over time with a fixed temperature control
(Stand der Technik), Figur 5 Wirksamkeit der Insektizidzusammensetzung Composition No(State of the art), Figure 5 Efficacy of the Insecticide Composition No
18 gegen die Mosquito-Art Aedes aegypti im Zeitverlauf bei variabel programmierter Temperaturführung (erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung), Figur 6 Schaltbild einer Ausführungsform des Steuerelements18 against the mosquito species Aedes aegypti over time variably programmed temperature control (device according to the invention), FIG. 6 circuit diagram of an embodiment of the control element
(Verwendung: EEPROM), Figur 7 Schaltbild einer Ausführungsform des Steuerelements(Use: EEPROM), Figure 7 Circuit diagram of an embodiment of the control element
(Verwendung: Chip-Karte).(Use: chip card).
Figur 1 zeigt das Schaltbild des Steuerelements einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, worin das Steuerelement später als Adapter in Form einer Stecker- und Steckdosen-Kombination zwischen der Steckdose der Energieversorgung und dem Stecker der Heizapparatur ausgeführt werden kann, um bereits vorhandene Heizapparaturen, z.B. mit einer konstanten, fest fixierten Temperatureinstellung, nachzurüsten. Mit dieser Ausführungsform wurden die in Figur 5 dargestellten Ergebnisse ermittelt. Über die parallele Schnittstelle eines Personalcomputers wurde eine Relaiskarte (2, 3) angeschlossen, welche über das verwendete Programm zur variablen Temperaturführung, hier speziell abgestimmt auf die Bekämpfung der Mosquitoart Aedes aegypti, gesteuert wurde. Die Schaltleistung der Relaiskarte reichte nicht aus, um die 230V Netzspannung direkt zu schalten. Deshalb wurde ein Netzteil (1) mit 24V verwendet, um über die Relaiskarte ein 24V-Relais (3) anzusteuern, welches die 230V/8A für das Thermoelement der Heizapparatur schalten konnte (1 , 2, 3). Dadurch wurde dann die Steckdose (4) geschaltet, die eine handelsübliche Heizapparatur mit konstanter Temperatureinstellung, hierfür 'insektizide Matten', mit Strom versorgte.Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram of the control element of a device according to the invention, in which the control element can later be implemented as an adapter in the form of a plug and socket combination between the power supply socket and the plug of the heating apparatus, in order to convert existing heating apparatuses, e.g. with a constant, fixed temperature setting. The results shown in FIG. 5 were determined with this embodiment. A relay card (2, 3) was connected via the parallel interface of a personal computer, which was controlled via the program used for variable temperature control, here specially tailored to combat the mosquito species Aedes aegypti. The switching capacity of the relay card was not sufficient to switch the 230V mains voltage directly. A 24V power supply unit (1) was therefore used to control a 24V relay (3) via the relay card, which could switch the 230V / 8A for the thermocouple of the heating apparatus (1, 2, 3). This then switched the socket (4), which supplied a commercial heating apparatus with constant temperature setting, for this 'insecticidal mats', with electricity.
Figur 2 beschreibt den Stand der Technik und zeigt in stilisierter Form, ausgedrückt als Verdampfungsrate [mg x h"1], die Menge eines Insektizids (m) aus einer Heizapparatur, abgegeben im Zeitverlauf (t) von Stunden [h] (5) bei konstanter Temperatureinstellung (6), wobei die Temperatur (T) 150 °C betrug.Figure 2 describes the state of the art and shows in a stylized form, expressed as the evaporation rate [mg xh "1 ], the amount of an insecticide (m) from a heating apparatus, given off over time (t) from hours [h] (5) at a constant Temperature setting (6), the temperature (T) being 150 ° C.
Figur 3 beschreibt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und zeigt , im Vergleich zu Figur 2, ebenfalls in stilisierter Form, ausgedrückt als Verdampfungsrate [mg x h"1], die Menge eines Insektizids (m) aus einer Heizapparatur abgegeben im Zeitverlauf (t) von Stunden [h] (7) bei Verwendung eines Steuerelements mit variabel programmierter Temperaturführung (8). Nach einem 'Dosierungsstoß' bei einer Temperatur (T) von 150 °C, der zur Kontrolle der vorhandenen schädlichen bzw. lästigen Insekten ausreichte, wurde die Temperatur auf 100 °C zurückgefahren und anschließend entsprechend langsam wieder auf 150 °C erhöht. Dadurch wurde die Menge des abgegeben Insektizids in den nächsten Stunden auf ein konstantes Niveau eingestellt (9), welches über den Zeitraum von über 8 Stunden nach Beginn, dem Vergleichszeitraum zu Figur 2 (10), das Auftreten der schädlichen bzw. lästigen Insekten verhinderte. Somit ergab sich ein, im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik, verlängerter Schutz mit der gleichen Menge an eingesetztem Insektizid.FIG. 3 describes a device according to the invention and shows, in comparison to FIG. 2, also in a stylized form, expressed as an evaporation rate [mg xh "1 ], the amount of an insecticide (m) released from a heating apparatus over time (t) of hours [h] (7) when using a control element with variably programmed temperature control (8). After a 'dose burst' at a temperature (T) of 150 ° C, which was sufficient to control the harmful or annoying insects present, the temperature was reduced to 100 ° C and then slowly increased again to 150 ° C. As a result, the amount of insecticide released was set to a constant level in the next few hours (9), which prevented the occurrence of the harmful or annoying insects over the period of more than 8 hours after the start, the comparison period to FIG. 2 (10). This resulted in extended protection compared to the prior art with the same amount of insecticide used.
Figur 4 beschreibt den Stand der Technik und zeigt den Gewichtsverlust der Insektizidzusammensetzung Composition No 18 (m) in Milligramm [mg] aus einer sog. 'insektiziden Matte' bei einem Heizapparat mit konstanter Temperatureinstellung von 150 °C im Zeitverlauf (t) von Stunden [h]. Die ursprünglich eingesetzte Menge der Insektizidzusammensetzung (20 mg) ist unter diesen Bedingungen nach 13 Stunden (11) nahezu vollständig verbraucht und bewirkt keinen Schutz, beispielsweise vor Moskitos, mehr.FIG. 4 describes the prior art and shows the weight loss of the composition No 18 (m) insecticide composition in milligrams [mg] from a so-called 'insecticidal mat' in a heater with a constant temperature setting of 150 ° C. over the course of time (t) of hours [ H]. The originally used amount of the insecticide composition (20 mg) is almost completely used up after 13 hours (11) under these conditions and no longer provides protection, for example against mosquitoes.
Fig. 5 beschreibt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und zeigt die Tötungszeit für 50% der geprüften Moskitos (KT50) in Minuten [min] durch das Insektizid Composition No 18 aus einer sog. 'insektiziden Matte' in halblogarithmischer Darstellung (12) unter Verwendung der in Figur 1 beschriebenen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung (Anmerkung: niedrige KT50-Werte zeigen eine hohe Wirksamkeit an). Die Temperaturführung war hierbei an die Moskitoart Aedes aegypti und deren zeitliches Auftreten im Tagesverlauf angepaßt, wobei die Symbole T 100 °C und T 150 °C die jeweils angesteuerte Temperatur im Verlauf der Temperaturführung kennzeichnen. Verwendet wurde bei diesem Versuch die gleiche Menge an Insektizid wie in Figur 4. Nach einem 'Dosierungsstoß' mit starker Anfangswirkung in den ersten 4 Stunden des Abends (13) wurde die Temperatur abgesenkt, da eine geringere Dosierung über die Nachtstunden ausreichte weitere Moskitoangriffe wirksam zu vermeiden (14). Am darauf folgenden Morgen war dadurch noch eine ausreichende Menge an Insektizid vorhanden, um ein erneutes Auftreten der Moskitos wirksam zu unterdrücken (15). Somit ergab sich, im Vergleich zum in Figur 4 dargestellten Stand der Technik, ein von 13 Stunden auf über 18 Stunden verlängerter Schutz vor Moskitos mit der gleichen Menge an eingesetztem Insektizid.5 describes a device according to the invention and shows the killing time for 50% of the mosquitoes tested (KT50) in minutes [min] by means of the insecticide Composition No 18 from a so-called 'insecticidal mat' in a semi-logarithmic representation (12) using the one in FIG 1 described embodiment of the device according to the invention (note: low KT50 values indicate high effectiveness). The temperature control was adapted to the mosquito species Aedes aegypti and its occurrence over the course of the day, with the symbols T 100 ° C and T 150 ° C identifying the respectively controlled temperature in the course of the temperature control. The same amount of insecticide as in FIG. 4 was used in this experiment. After a 'dose burst' with a strong initial effect in the first 4 hours of the evening (13), the temperature was lowered, since a lower dose over the night hours effectively caused further mosquito attacks avoid (14). The following morning was This means that there is still a sufficient amount of insecticide to effectively suppress the occurrence of mosquitoes again (15). Thus, compared to the prior art shown in FIG. 4, protection against mosquitoes with the same amount of insecticide used was extended from 13 hours to over 18 hours.
Figur 6 zeigt das Schaltbild einer Ausführungsform des Steuerelements (Verwendung: EEPROM). Das Steuerelement enthält einen oder eine Gruppe von EEPROMs (16), die Programme zur Temperaturfuhrung enthalten und deren Auswahl durch eine Schaltgruppe erfolgt (17). Diese schalten die Energieversorgung eines elektrischen Thermoelements (20), welches die Freisetzung eines oder mehrerer Insektizide aus Trägerstoffen bewirkt (21). Das Steuerelement kann durch Meßeinheiten (18), wie z.B. eine Funkuhr, und/oder durch Sensoren (19), wie z.B. eine Photozelle, erweitert sein.Figure 6 shows the circuit diagram of an embodiment of the control element (use: EEPROM). The control element contains one or a group of EEPROMs (16) which contain programs for temperature control and which are selected by a switching group (17). These switch the energy supply of an electrical thermocouple (20), which causes the release of one or more insecticides from carriers (21). The control element can be implemented by measuring units (18), e.g. a radio clock, and / or by sensors (19), e.g. a photocell.
Figur 7 zeigt das Schaltbild einer Ausführungsform des Steuerelements (Verwendung: Chip-Karte). Das Steuerelement enthält ein oder mehrere Chip- Kartenlesegeräte (22), in die ein oder mehrere Chip-Karten (23), die Programme zur Temperaturführung enthalten, eingesteckt werden können. Diese schalten die Energieversorgung eines elektrischen Thermoelements (20), welches dieFIG. 7 shows the circuit diagram of an embodiment of the control element (use: chip card). The control element contains one or more chip card readers (22) into which one or more chip cards (23) containing programs for temperature control can be inserted. These switch the energy supply of an electrical thermocouple (20), which the
Freisetzung eines oder mehrerer Insektizide aus Trägerstoffen bewirkt (21). Das Steuerelement kann durch Meßeinheiten (18), wie z.B. Funkuhr; und/oder durch Sensoren (19), wie z.B. Photozellen; erweitert sein.Release of one or more insecticides from carriers causes (21). The control element can be implemented by measuring units (18), e.g. radio clock; and / or by sensors (19), e.g. Photocells; be expanded.
Die Erfindung wird durch das folgende Beispiel näher erläutert, ohne sie dadurch einzuschränken. BeispielThe invention is illustrated by the following example without restricting it. example
1. Insektizidzusammensetzung Composition No 18:1. Insecticide composition Composition No 18:
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001
2. Versuchsbeschreibung:2. Description of the experiment:
Das Steuerelement der Versuchsapparatur, enthaltend eine, durch Programm steuerbare Relaiskarte, Netzteil, Stecker- und Steckdosen-Kombination (Schaltbild, Figur 1 ), wurde so eingestellt, daß die Moskitoart Aedes aegypti und deren zeitliches Auftreten im Tagesverlauf durch die programmierte Temperaturführung erfaßt werden konnte.The control element of the experimental apparatus, containing a programmable relay card, power supply, plug and socket combination (circuit diagram, Figure 1), was set so that the mosquito species Aedes aegypti and its occurrence during the day could be detected by the programmed temperature control ,
Zum Einsatz kamen 20 mg der Insektizidzusammensetzung Composition No 18, welche in dem festen Trägerstoff einer 'insektiziden Matte' für die Verwendung in einer entsprechenden Heizapparatur vorbereitet wurden.20 mg of the insecticide composition Composition No 18 were used, which were prepared in the solid carrier of an 'insecticidal mat' for use in an appropriate heating apparatus.
3. Ergebnisse und Diskussion:3. Results and discussion:
Bei Verwendung eines Heizapparates mit konstanter Temperatureinstellung von 150 °C war die Menge des verwendeten Insektizids nach 13 Stunden nahezu vollständig verbraucht (Figur 4). Bei Verwendung des Steuerelements der Versuchsapparatur und der an die Moskitoart Aedes aegypti angepaßten Temperaturführung wurde, bei Einsatz des gleichen Heizapparates mit konstanter Temperatureinstellung und der gleichen Menge des verwendeten Insektizids, die Dauer der wirksamen Moskitokontrolle von 13 Stunden auf weit über 18 Stunden verlängert (Figur 5). When using a heating device with a constant temperature setting of 150 ° C., the amount of insecticide used was almost completely used up after 13 hours (FIG. 4). When using the control element of the experimental apparatus and the temperature control adapted to the mosquito species Aedes aegypti, the duration of the effective mosquito control was extended from 13 hours to well over 18 hours when using the same heating device with constant temperature setting and the same amount of insecticide used (FIG. 5 ).

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten enthaltend eine Heizapparatur (20), ein oder mehrere Insektizide in Trägerstoffen (21) und ein oder mehrere mit einer Temperaturführung variabel programmierten Steuerelemente (16; 22; 23), welche die Heizapparatur über den Bekämpfungszeitraum steuern.1. An insect control device comprising a heating apparatus (20), one or more insecticides in carriers (21) and one or more control elements (16; 22; 23) which are variably programmed with a temperature control and which control the heating apparatus over the control period.
2. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten gemäß Anspruch 1 , wobei das Insektizid ein natürliches oder synthetisches Pyrethroid ist.2. An insect control device according to claim 1, wherein the insecticide is a natural or synthetic pyrethroid.
3. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin die Trägerstoffe als wirkstoffhaltige Matten vorliegen.3. Device for controlling insects according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carrier substances are present as active substance-containing mats.
4. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin die Trägerstoffe als wirkstoffhaltige Öle vorliegen.4. Device for controlling insects according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carriers are present as active ingredient-containing oils.
5. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin das Steuerelement als Kombination von Chip-Karten und Chip-Kartenlesegerät (22; 23) ausgeführt ist.5. Insect control device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control element is designed as a combination of chip cards and chip card reader (22; 23).
6. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin das Steuerelement aus mehreren EEPROM mit Einzelprogrammen zur Temperaturführung oder aus einem EEPROM mit mehreren Teilprogrammen zur Temperaturführung (16; 17) besteht.6. Device for controlling insects according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control element consists of a plurality of EEPROM with individual programs for temperature control or of an EEPROM with a plurality of sub-programs for temperature control (16; 17).
7. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, worin das Steuerelement zusätzliche Vorrichtungen aus der Gruppe Meßeinheiten (18) und Sensoren (19) beinhaltet, die mit der Temperaturführung gekoppelt sind.7. An insect control device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the control element includes additional devices from the group of measuring units (18) and sensors (19) which are coupled to the temperature control.
8. Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Insekten gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin das Steuerelement als Adapter in Form einer Stecker- und Steckdosen-Kombination zwischen der Steckdose der Energieversorgung und dem Stecker der Heizapparatur ausgeführt ist.8. An insect control device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein the control element as an adapter in the form of a plug and socket combination between the socket of the power supply and the plug of the heater is executed.
9. Verwendung einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zur Bekämpfung von Insekten.9. Use of a device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8 for controlling insects.
10.Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von Insekten, wobei ein oder mehrere Insektizide in Trägerstoffen durch Erhitzen aus einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 freigesetzt werden. 10.A method for controlling insects, wherein one or more insecticides in carrier substances are released by heating from a device according to one or more of claims 1 to 9.
PCT/EP2003/008396 2002-08-16 2003-07-30 Device for combating insects WO2004021778A1 (en)

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DE2002138428 DE10238428A1 (en) 2002-08-16 2002-08-16 Assembly to combat insects comprising insecticides in carrier materials, with controls giving selection of heating levels according to insect targets
DE10238428.2 2002-08-16

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EP0911041A2 (en) * 1997-10-27 1999-04-28 FALP S.r.l. Device for electrically vaporizing active principles
EP0965267A1 (en) * 1998-03-26 1999-12-22 ZOBELE INDUSTRIE CHIMICHE S.p.A. PTC heating device for insecticides or perfumes
GB2347860A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-09-20 Pankhurst Design & Development Air freshener
US6264548B1 (en) * 1999-09-15 2001-07-24 Transcents, Inc. Dispensing system and method
WO2001050849A1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2001-07-19 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Chip that comprises an active agent and an integrated heating element
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007033284A1 (en) * 2007-07-17 2009-01-22 Sari Maria Mahmoudi Method for repelling cockroaches and device for carrying out the method

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AU2003255326A1 (en) 2004-03-29

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