WO2004006650A1 - Procede d'elimination de phylloclades de phyllocactus - Google Patents

Procede d'elimination de phylloclades de phyllocactus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004006650A1
WO2004006650A1 PCT/DK2003/000487 DK0300487W WO2004006650A1 WO 2004006650 A1 WO2004006650 A1 WO 2004006650A1 DK 0300487 W DK0300487 W DK 0300487W WO 2004006650 A1 WO2004006650 A1 WO 2004006650A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phyllocacti
ethylene
phylloclades
branches
exposure
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Application number
PCT/DK2003/000487
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English (en)
Inventor
Kristian Madsen
Original Assignee
Kristian Madsen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kristian Madsen filed Critical Kristian Madsen
Priority to AU2003242513A priority Critical patent/AU2003242513A1/en
Priority to EP03763620A priority patent/EP1531662A1/fr
Publication of WO2004006650A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004006650A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of removing phylloclades from Phyllocacti and specifically a method where the removal of a given number of phylloclades is caused by controlled exposure of the Phyllocacti to a chemical agent.
  • Phyllocacti are epiphytic plants, which primarily originate from Central and South America but also for instance from Africa and Madagascar. Of Phyllocacti in production can be mentioned Schlumbergera and Rhipsalidopsis. Schlumbergera and Rhipsalidopsis are native to a small region in the Organ Mountains north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in South America. Under natural conditions Schlumbergera truncata will flower in mid to late November and Schlumbergera bridgesii in December thus the common names given are Thanksgiving and Christmas Cacti, respectively.
  • the phylloclades thus form series of connected phylloclades, in the following referred to as branches of phylloclades.
  • a plant of Phyllocactus is used in the present context as a body of a suitable propagation medium contained in any kind of pot or container with one or more single plants for instance grown and/or sold in a single pot or container or compartment in such pots or containers.
  • Part of the production is based on stock plants from which branches of phylloclades are detached from the phylloclades with roots and later these branches of phylloclades are separated into single phylloclades, which are used as cuttings for new plants.
  • the Phyllocacti have two to four saw-toothed serrates along the phylloclades margins. Holiday cactus can be propagated from seed, however, propagation by cuttings of 3 to 5 phylloclades per pot produce saleable plants faster.
  • Cuttings are usually stuck in the final container as either 3 or 4 cuttings in a 0 10-cm pot or 5 or 6 cuttings in a 0 15-cm pot or sticked in smaller pots (speedling), which are potted up in larger pots later on during the production.
  • speedling the number of cuttings in a 0 10-cm pot or 5 or 6 cuttings in a 0 15-cm pot or sticked in smaller pots (speedling), which are potted up in larger pots later on during the production.
  • branches comprising no more than four flat leaf-like branch segments (phylloclades) for reasons of even flowering and stability. Branches made up of more segments will be unstable and likely damaged during transport.
  • the segments are connected at the mid-veins. In order to ensure that buds that will flower will be produced, it is necessary that the segments be torn off at the mid- veins. A segment that is cut off by means of a knife or scissors will not produce any butts that can flower.
  • a method of this kind the purely manual part of removing segments either becomes superfluous altogether or is at least reduced, which is very important both from an economical point of view and for avoiding the above mentioned damage to the arm or wrist of the operator.
  • the above method leads to an overall improvement of the quality of the finished product, the method for instance leading to a more uniform appearance.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is based on the fact known per se that certain chemical agents have an effect on growth and ageing of plants.
  • Phyllocacti such as Rhipsalidopsis and Schlumbergera are sensitive to ethylene (C 2 H ). Exposing Phyllocacti to low concentrations of ethylene, i.e. concentrations below approximately 0.1 ppm, is thus known to result in a loss of buds and flowers, whereas higher concentrations facilitates separation of segments. High concentrations may also lead to intoxication impeding the further growth of the plant.
  • the method is thus characterised by comprising the step of exposing the Phyllocacti to a predetermined concentration of a gaseous agent in order to obtain a controlled removal of a certain desired number of the segments of Phyllocacti branches or of buds or flowers from the plant.
  • various other parameters, specifically the temperature and the duration of exposure also have to be optimised in order to attain the desired effect without causing damage to the plants.
  • said exposure to a given concentration of a chemical agent can be applied for facilitating a subsequent mechanical removal of the segments of Phyllocacti.
  • gaseous agent is either ethylene (C 2 H ) or an ethylene releasing compound, such as Ethrel, Ethaphon or the like, and such chemical agents can be applied by either placing the plants in an atmosphere with a predetermined concentration of such agents or alternatively by spraying the plants with ethylene releasing compounds.
  • the optimal effect in relation to the desired end result of the application of ethylene requires at least the proper combination of concentration of ethylene, temperature and duration of exposure, although it is acknowledged that the control of other parameters may also contribute to an optimal effect of the application of ethylene.
  • concentration of ethylene, temperature and duration of application according to the desired effect on the plants a number of experiments have been carried out under well-controlled conditions. The main results of these experiments will be presented below.
  • an ethylene concentration range of 0.1 to 10000 ppm is proposed, a temperature range from 5 to 40 °C and a range of duration of ethylene exposure from 3 to 336 hours.
  • turgescence i.e. water content of the plants or branches prior to the ethylene exposure.
  • the plants are watered appropriately prior to ethylene exposure or the detached branches are freshly treated or have been stored under such conditions that they have kept their turgor.
  • a further parameter - derived from the above - is a measure of the "degree of exposure” or the dose received by the plants over a given period of time. It is therefore suggested as a measure of this degree of exposure to introduce the parameter "dose of ethylene” equal to the product of the concentration C (ppm) of ethylene and the duration of exposure D (hours), i.e.:
  • the above dose of ethylene is replaced by the more sophisticated parameter: "Level of ethylene response” (LER) (see H ⁇ yer. L., “Evaluation of the Role of Ethylene in the Reduction of Postproduction Quality of Pot Plants", p. 75ff, 1995).
  • LER Level of ethylene response
  • LER [(D - D 0 ) 2 (T - T 0 )10(C - C 0 )Z] + K
  • D is the duration in hours
  • T is the temperature in deg. Centigrade
  • C is the concentration in ppm
  • Z is a term included to provide the possibility of including the influence of other factors. Specifically in the embodiment of the method described in this document Z is given by:
  • PSF is the plant sensitivity factor being: 10000 for reaction group 4, 1000 for reaction group 3, 100 for reaction group 2, 1 for reaction group 1 and 0.1 for reaction group 0, and
  • ESRF is the ethylene sensitivity regulating factor being: 1 , if no special factor is required and an addition of 20 for every factor affecting ethylene sensitivity, for instance turgor.
  • D 0 , T 0 , C 0 and K are scale factors, which in the example given in the following detailed description of the invention are chosen as 3 hours, 5 °C, 0,01 ppm and 1 respectively.
  • ethylene exposure is largely dependent on the stage of development of the plant.
  • a "plant" which is ready for sale is normally composed of several, typically 3, single plants of Phyllocacti grown in the same pot or container.
  • the cuttings used for the development of the branches have a state of development which is equal within certain predetermined limits. A combination of appropriate selection of cuttings and subsequent application of the ethylene exposure method according to the invention will thus lead to a product with a very satisfactory overall appearance.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to remove the outermost, unripe phylloclades of branches in order to facilitate development of the immediately adjacent phylloclade into a mature state.
  • repeated exposure to ethylene can be applied if a single ethylene exposure has proved to be insufficient to attain the desired effect.
  • phylloclades are more easily separated after a single repeated exposure to ethylene.
  • the phylloclades separated during the first of the above exposures can be removed prior to a second and possibly stronger ethylene exposure of the remaining phylloclades.
  • the method according to the invention provides an operational link between a desired effect and the specific application of ethylene, which can be utilised to advantage for instance in a large-scale production plant.
  • the method according to the invention is applicable on both complete plants, which comprise a plurality of branches, and on separate branches, which may for instance have been optained from stock plants.
  • the method according to the invention can by proper choice of combination of parameters be used for the removal of buds or flowers.
  • ethylene treatment according to the invention can due to difference in ethylene sensitivity depending on developmental stage possibly together with manual separation be used to sort the plant material to produce more uniform batches of plants with a higher quality.
  • figure 1 shows a photograph of four branches of Phyllocactus prior to ethylene exposure
  • figure 2 shows two branches belonging to reaction group 0, after exposure to ethylene, i.e. no effect of ethylene exposure
  • figure 3 shows two branches belonging to reaction group 1, after exposure to ethylene, i.e. loss of unripe segments
  • figure 4 shows two branches belonging to reaction group 2, after exposure to ethylene, i.e. loss of ripe segments with the exception of segments 1 , 2, 3 from the bottom;
  • figure 5 shows two branches belonging to reaction group 3, after exposure to ethylene, i.e. loss of ripe segments with the exception of segments 1 and 2 from the bottom;
  • figure 6 shows two branches with total separation of segments after exposure to ethylene, i.e. only bottom segments left;
  • figure 7 shows examples of segments suffering from damage caused by excessive ethylene exposure
  • figure 8 shows the effect of ethylene exposure as a function of ethylene concentration and duration of exposure at 12,5 °C;
  • figure 9 shows the effect of ethylene exposure as a function of ethylene concentration and duration of exposure at 25 °C
  • figure 10 shows the effect of ethylene exposure as a function of ethylene concentration and duration of exposure at 28 to 29 °C;
  • figures 11a to 11f show the effect of ethylene exposure at various degrees of turgescence immediately prior to the ethylene exposure;
  • figures 12a and 12b show removal of flowers from newly planted cuttings by an embodiment of the method according to the invention, with an ethylene concentration of 9 ppm, temperature 24°C and duration of exposure 18 hours;
  • figure 13 shows a plot of experimental results of the effect of ethylene exposure as a function of ethylene dose, calculated over all three temperatures 12.5, 25 and 29 °C;
  • figure 14 shows a plot of the same experimental results of the effect of ethylene exposure as in figure 13, but as a function of LER.
  • branches of Phyllocacti have been used to give information on how to separate branches of phylloclades as part of the method of producing plants from stuck plants and sales plants, and as a model plant for ease of experimental work. It is possible to extrapolate the results obtained on such model plants to expected results on whole plants, i.e. plants made up of more than one branch, when such plants are being exposed to ethylene. It has been found that specifically the parameters ethylene concentration (ppm), temperature (degree centigrade) and duration of ethylene exposure (hours) are important to obtain the desired effect and that these parameters - and specifically the combination of these parameters - should be well controlled in practise.
  • ppm ethylene concentration
  • temperature degree centigrade
  • duration of ethylene exposure hours
  • Reaction group 0 No effect of ethylene exposure.
  • Reaction group 1 Loss of unripe segments.
  • Reaction group 2 Loss of ripe segments with the exception of segments 1 ,
  • Reaction group 3 Loss of all segments with the exception of segment 1 and
  • Reaction group 4 Total separation of branches with only the bottom segment left.
  • Ethylene concentration 0, 0.1 , 5, 10, 25, 100, 250, 1000 ppm
  • Duration of exposure 5 to 72 hours at 1 hour intervals
  • fig. 1 there is shown an example of four branches of Phyllocacti prior to the exposure to ethylene.
  • Figs 7, 8 and 9 show the results of ethylene exposure as a function of ethylene concentration and duration of exposure at 12.5°C (fig. 7), 25 °C (fig. 8) and 28.5 °C (fig.
  • results obtained at the temperature of 28.5 °C are shown in fig. 10. Generally shorter periods of exposure compared with results obtained at 25 °C is needed in order to obtain a given effect of ethylene exposure as well as to a certain extend also lower ethylene concentrations.
  • reaction group 2 At 25 °C results corresponding to reaction group 2 have been obtained with ethylene concentrations from 25 ppm upwards and exposure duration from 9 to 12 hours (see also fig. 9). Generally a relatively limited effect of varying the duration of exposure has been observed for reaction group 2.
  • reaction group 2 At a temperature of 28.5 °C it is possible to expect satisfactory results corresponding to reaction group 2 with an ethylene concentration of 25 ppm and duration of exposure of 24 hours.
  • a preferable parameter combination would in practise be an ethylene concentration in the range of 25 to 100 ppm for 24 hours at a temperature of 25 °C. In this range the desired effect can be obtained with a high probability and the risk of damage is either limited or non existent.
  • FIGS 12a and 12b there is shown removal of flowers from newly planted cuttings by an embodiment of the method according to the invention, with an ethylene concentration of 9 ppm, temperature 24°C and duration of exposure 18 hours.
  • figure 12a shows developed flowers on a large proportion of the plants prior to ethylene exposure
  • figure 12b shows loss of flowers as a result of ethylene exposure.
  • the method according to the invention is very effective for removing flowers from newly planted cuttings.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 show the data of TABLE 3 in form of plots of the reaction group as a function of ethylene dose and level of ethylene response respectively.
  • the ethylene dose is the least sophisticated and the intervals of ethylene dose corresponding to adjacent reaction groups tend to overlap. This overlap tendency is less pronounced if the more sophisticated predictor level of ethylene response is used.
  • the method of removing phylloclades according to the present invention can be used for a lot of specific purposes for instance in large-scale production plants. Specifically, although not exclusively, the following should be mentioned:

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
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  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de séparation de segments de tiges (phylloclades), de bourgeons ou de fleurs des tiges et des boutures de phyllocactus ou de leurs plantes entières comprenant les étapes de placement de ce phyllocactus, des boutures ou des tiges de phyllocactus dans une zone dont la concentration en agent gazeux et la température peuvent être régulée, et à exposer le phyllocactus, les boutures ou les tiges de phyllocactus à une concentration donnée d'agents gazeux ou à un composé de libération de gaz à une température donnée durant un temps déterminé, la concentration, la température et la durée se situant dans des fourchettes prédéfinies de concentration, de température et de durée choisies en fonction d'effets de séparation particulièrement souhaités d'exposition des phyllocactus, des boutures ou des tiges de phyllocactus.
PCT/DK2003/000487 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Procede d'elimination de phylloclades de phyllocactus WO2004006650A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003242513A AU2003242513A1 (en) 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 A method of removing phylloclades from phyllocacti
EP03763620A EP1531662A1 (fr) 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Procede d'elimination de phylloclades de phyllocactus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DK2002/000490 WO2004006672A1 (fr) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Procede de suppression des phylloclades ayant pousse sur des phyllocacti
DKPCT/DK02/00490 2002-07-12

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WO2004006650A1 true WO2004006650A1 (fr) 2004-01-22

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PCT/DK2002/000490 WO2004006672A1 (fr) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Procede de suppression des phylloclades ayant pousse sur des phyllocacti
PCT/DK2003/000487 WO2004006650A1 (fr) 2002-07-12 2003-07-11 Procede d'elimination de phylloclades de phyllocactus

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AU (2) AU2002316817A1 (fr)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1618781A1 (fr) * 2004-07-21 2006-01-25 GARTNERIET PKM ApS Propagation au moyen de petites boutures de phyllocactus

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001043552A2 (fr) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-21 Basf Corporation Procedes et compositions permettant de defolier des plates cultivees et de diminuer la repousse apres la defoliation
WO2002060237A2 (fr) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-08 Kristian Madsen Methode d'enlevement de phylloclades de phyllocactus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001043552A2 (fr) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-21 Basf Corporation Procedes et compositions permettant de defolier des plates cultivees et de diminuer la repousse apres la defoliation
WO2002060237A2 (fr) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-08 Kristian Madsen Methode d'enlevement de phylloclades de phyllocactus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SUSAN S. HAN ET AL: "Ethylene-induced Abscission of Easter Cactus Phylloclades for Vegetative Propagation", HORTSCIENCE, vol. 30, no. 5, August 1995 (1995-08-01), pages 1070 - 1073, XP002256553 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1618781A1 (fr) * 2004-07-21 2006-01-25 GARTNERIET PKM ApS Propagation au moyen de petites boutures de phyllocactus

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AU2002316817A1 (en) 2004-02-02
WO2004006672A1 (fr) 2004-01-22
PL374918A1 (en) 2005-11-14
EP1531662A1 (fr) 2005-05-25
AU2003242513A1 (en) 2004-02-02

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