WO2004005611A1 - Carbonizing of black liquor - Google Patents
Carbonizing of black liquor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004005611A1 WO2004005611A1 PCT/FI2003/000532 FI0300532W WO2004005611A1 WO 2004005611 A1 WO2004005611 A1 WO 2004005611A1 FI 0300532 W FI0300532 W FI 0300532W WO 2004005611 A1 WO2004005611 A1 WO 2004005611A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- black liquor
- set forth
- liquor
- coal dust
- coal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
- D21C11/125—Decomposition of the pulp liquors in reducing atmosphere or in the absence of oxidants, i.e. gasification or pyrolysis
Definitions
- the most important components of wood are essentially a-cellulose, consisting of hexose chains, hemicellulose, consisting of pentose chains, as well as lignin, also consisting of vanillin-like units in a variety of forms.
- the purpose in pulping is to recover as much as possible both a- and hemicellulose by dissolving the lignin component bonding these together.
- Lignin dissolves in sulphate cooking liquor with the aid of white liquor NaOH and Na 2 S as sodium lignosulphonate. After separating pulp from alkaline cooking liquor by filtering, the remainder will be black liquor.
- Cooking chemicals are recovered therefrom by burning black liquor concentrated as highly as possible in a soda recovery boiler.
- the chemistry of combustion is also quite complicated, but briefly it results in decomposition of sodium lignosulphonate, and the sulphate sulphur contained therein reduces to sulphide and the sodium is present in molten ash as Na 2 C0 3 .
- This molten ash is quenched and dissolved, and the result is green liquor as it is yellowish green in colour.
- the green liquor is causticized, i.e. a carbonate ion is replaced with a hydroxyl ion Obtained from Ca(OH) 2 by using CaO.
- sodium sulphate Na 2 S0 4
- the lignin of black liquor decomposes in pyrolysis as temperature is rising to form H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, and C. What ultimately remains is pulverized coal. Cooking chemicals react spontaneously with pyrolysis products to ultimately form Na 2 CO 3 , COS, and H 2 S, with C and CO functioning as reducing agents.
- solid intermediates may comprise for example Na 2 S, Na 2 S 2 , Na 2 S 2 0 3 .
- Gaseous intermediates may comprise COS, S 2 , H 2 S 2 or CS 2 , as well as mer captans (CH 3 )S(CH 3 ), (CH 3 )S 2 (CH 3 ), (CH 3 )SH and (CH 3 )S 2 H.
- Drying is effected on black liquor as highly concentrated as possible. Drying must always involve coal dust for bringing it as evenly distributed as possible to a reduction process. The best way to do this is to admix in black liquor some of the coal produced thus far.
- C and CO activate, together with water vapour resulting from drying, a series of decomposing and reducing reactions, the ultimate result being C and Na 2 C0 3 , as well as gases H 2 0, CO, COS and H 2 S.
- the developed coal dust must be separated in dry state from a product stream.
- the dried black liquor has no time to pulverize to a dust form, the coal being thus more readily separable as powder by means of dry separators. Consequently, the reducing process must be provided with a sufficient delay time.
- the pyrolysis product obtained from the dry matter of black liquor comprises carbon and soda roughly to less than a half.
- the coal dust, and Na 2 C0 3 contained therein can be recovered separately and the gases COS and H 2 S are recovered by means of an alkaline scrubber. Since the reaction of CO 2 with NaOH is very slow, Na 2 CO 3 develops in quite a small amount. Some of the coal appeared in the form of such a fine dust that it was air-borne as the reactor lid was opened.
- coal dust If coal dust is not allowed to become very finely pulverized, it can be separated in dry state from an exhaust gas flow. This facilitates greatly the treatment thereof, the sulphide sulphur having been recovered separately.
- the obtained raw coal can be calcinated further for separating volatile components. Hence, it can be pulverized to very fine dust, which requires no further elutriation. It can also be pelletized and activated.
- Black liquor can be pyrolyzed in a reducing atmosphere to coal dust.
- Na 2 C0 3 was dissolved with water from coal. It should be appreciated that Na 2 C0 3 has a negative solubility, i.e. more of it dissolves in cold water than in hot water. Sulphide sulphur is recovered from a gas phase by absorbing it in an alkaline solution.
- the causticization is followed by blending together the obtained Na 2 S- and NaOH-solutions for the preparation of alkaline cooking liquor.
- the finest coal dust and CO contained in exhaust gases will be exploited as a heat source in a carbonization process.
- a soda recovery boiler becomes superfluous.
- the factory's own energy demand can be satisfied by using refined coal dust, either by a gas turbine or a residual heat boiler, as much as its own demand requires.
- the rest of the produced coal can be sold and used in place of heavy fuel oil, or else as a source of coal for various applications.
- the drum is topped by a hood for cutting heat losses.
- Inside the drum 25 mm nuts for grinding bodies were installed.
- the ends had openings for feeding black liquor and discharging gases. The purpose was to clarify the behaviour of black liquor in pyrolysis.
- the drum was supplied with 10 liters of 70% black liquor. By the time the last moistures started to escape from black liquor, the same began to expand or swell like foamed plastic, and nearly dry black liquor extruded out of the ends like a sausage along with exhaust gases. This was collected and re-fed in small batches.
- coal was studied and it was found that all black liquor had carbonized.
- calcinated soda was extracted from coal. Coaling was followed by only a slight accumulation of ash, and even that was greenish as a result of metal alloys present in the drum wall and grinding bodies.
- thermometer was installed for measuring the drum's internal temperature, which measured the temperature at the accuracy of about a degree, but the real temperature is probably 10°-20°C lower due to thermal radiation from the drum surface to the sensor.
- the sensor's measuring point was in the middle of the drum in longitudinal direction, so the temperatures of the ends are probably within the same accuracy range.
- the drum's rotating speed could be adjusted by adjusting the motor's cycling speed.
- the previously used 25 mm nuts were replaced with 25 mm hard chrome- plated balls, the number of which is 200.
- the drum was fitted with (at least) one 50 mm thick rod with a length almost equal to that of the drum for enhancing the grinding during the drying process.
- a small gear pump was installed for metering black liquor, which had a delivery of 10 seconds at the intervals of one minute. The metering and rest periods could be adjusted steplessly.
- the employed setup delivered 28 liters of 30% black liquor over 7 hours.
- the entire support frame of the apparatus was reconstructed.
- the only components of the old apparatus included a drum and a liquid-gas heating mechanism and an insulated hood for reducing heat losses.
- the theory for the method proved correct.
- the discussed method can be used for the recovery of pulping chemicals, sulphur in a gas phase separately from soda.
- the organic matter of black liquor can be used for producing carbon which is much purer than what is obtained for example from pit coal, for specific applications.
- the discussed coal is one of the renewable natural resources. It is very difficult to obtain coal dust from wood, which would be equally fine and would contain equally few volatile components.
- Dry separation is a primary way of separating coal dust. Therefore, coal dust must be sufficiently coarse-grained, not completely misty. However, the finest coal dust, capable of passing through dry separation, is recovered in wet separation.
- a secondary method is a water scrubber upstream of an alkaline scrubber, which immediately picks up even fine coal dust.
- coal dust be separated from water (as quickly as possible) before the soda contained in carbon begins to dissolve.
- Sulphur containing gases CO and H 2 S
- lime carbon + soda + hydrogen sulphide
- coal dust must be separated at a stage as early as possible from sludge, for example by nanofiltering or by using a filter press and polyelectrolytes before its soda has time to dissolve too much. Soda is causticized from carbon after extraction.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002491897A CA2491897A1 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2003-07-02 | Carbonizing of black liquor |
AU2003238131A AU2003238131A1 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2003-07-02 | Carbonizing of black liquor |
EP03735748A EP1532313A1 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2003-07-02 | Carbonizing of black liquor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20021337A FI20021337A (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2002-07-08 | Black liquor charring |
FI20021337 | 2002-07-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004005611A1 true WO2004005611A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
Family
ID=8564319
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI2003/000532 WO2004005611A1 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2003-07-02 | Carbonizing of black liquor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1532313A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003238131A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2491897A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI20021337A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004005611A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110420624A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-08 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | A kind of multiporous biological matter charcoal based phosphates adsorbent and its preparation method and application |
CN113457845A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-01 | 瑞燃(上海)环境工程技术有限公司 | Device for treating oil smoke tail gas and process method thereof |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1200117B (en) * | 1958-09-11 | 1965-09-02 | Billeruds Ab | Process for the recovery of sulfur-free sodium compounds in the form of soda from pulp liquors containing sodium and sulfur compounds |
US4439272A (en) * | 1982-01-13 | 1984-03-27 | Nguyen Xuan T | Pulp mill residual liquor recovery process |
US4971781A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1990-11-20 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Working up sodium sulfate-containing residues |
-
2002
- 2002-07-08 FI FI20021337A patent/FI20021337A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-07-02 AU AU2003238131A patent/AU2003238131A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-02 WO PCT/FI2003/000532 patent/WO2004005611A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-02 EP EP03735748A patent/EP1532313A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-02 CA CA002491897A patent/CA2491897A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1200117B (en) * | 1958-09-11 | 1965-09-02 | Billeruds Ab | Process for the recovery of sulfur-free sodium compounds in the form of soda from pulp liquors containing sodium and sulfur compounds |
US4439272A (en) * | 1982-01-13 | 1984-03-27 | Nguyen Xuan T | Pulp mill residual liquor recovery process |
US4971781A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1990-11-20 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Working up sodium sulfate-containing residues |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110420624A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-08 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | A kind of multiporous biological matter charcoal based phosphates adsorbent and its preparation method and application |
CN110420624B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2022-02-22 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Porous biomass charcoal-based phosphate adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113457845A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-01 | 瑞燃(上海)环境工程技术有限公司 | Device for treating oil smoke tail gas and process method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1532313A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
FI20021337A (en) | 2004-01-09 |
FI20021337A0 (en) | 2002-07-08 |
CA2491897A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
AU2003238131A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
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