WO2004004090A1 - Current limiting circuit arrangement comprising a superconductive switching element - Google Patents

Current limiting circuit arrangement comprising a superconductive switching element Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004004090A1
WO2004004090A1 PCT/DE2003/002057 DE0302057W WO2004004090A1 WO 2004004090 A1 WO2004004090 A1 WO 2004004090A1 DE 0302057 W DE0302057 W DE 0302057W WO 2004004090 A1 WO2004004090 A1 WO 2004004090A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit arrangement
current
current limiting
limiting device
bypass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/002057
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ralf-Reiner Volkmar
Ursus KRÜGER
Jochen Ermisch
Michael Elst
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2004004090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004004090A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/023—Current limitation using superconducting elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for limiting an electrical current with a current limiting device which has at least one superconducting switching element arranged in a cryostat, with a bypass element arranged outside the cryostat in parallel connection with the current limiting device and with a summation switch for interrupting the current in series with the current limiting device and the bypass element.
  • Such a circuit arrangement is already known from EP 0 502 644 AI.
  • the circuit arrangement shown there describes a current limiting device which comprises a cryostat filled with liquid nitrogen, in which a superconducting switching element is arranged.
  • the superconducting switching element is made of a high-temperature superconducting material which is kept in a superconducting state by cooling with liquid nitrogen. In the superconducting state, the superconducting switching element conducts the electrical current almost without resistance.
  • a bypass element is provided, which can either be a coil or a resistor.
  • a circuit breaker is provided in the sum branch, that is to say in series connection both to the current limiting device and to the bypass element.
  • the known circuit arrangement is provided for connection to an AC voltage network.
  • a network fault for example in the event of a short circuit, the temperature in the supral tendency switching element. If the temperature exceeds a so-called transition temperature, the superconductor quenched and is converted into the normal conducting state.
  • the short-circuit current is now almost exclusively conducted through the parallel branch, a so-called commutation conductor, and limited to a value dependent on the resistance of the bypass element.
  • the quenching of the superconducting switching element is detected by a sensor, the output signal of which in the case of quench causes the current limiting device and the bypass element connected in parallel to be switched off.
  • the current limiting device In order to avoid irreversible damage to the superconducting switching element, the current limiting device is generally to be switched off from the network with the short circuit 50 milliseconds after the current limiting device has responded. In order to avoid switching off widely distributed network areas even in the event of short-circuits in downstream localized network branches, it may be necessary in the context of the usual protection technology to bring about a complete power interruption by the summation switch of the circuit arrangement only after a significantly longer period of time. The previously known circuit arrangement can therefore not be integrated into existing protective devices with fixed protective relay times.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset which can be integrated without problems into existing protective devices in energy distribution networks.
  • the invention solves this problem by means of a branch switch set up to interrupt the current, circuit with the current limiting device parallel to
  • the branch switch is transferred from a contact position that allows the current flow to a disconnected position that interrupts the current flow, then the current is conducted exclusively via the bypass element, the design of which therefore determines the current density in the case of a short circuit in the network areas downstream of the circuit arrangement.
  • the current density is expediently to be determined in such a way that a network fault can be determined, for example, by protective devices connected downstream. In this way, the cause of the short circuit can be localized and the corresponding current branch can be switched off selectively and, if necessary, without sustained interference in short-circuit-free network areas.
  • the bypass element is advantageously a coil which, in the three-phase networks normally used, effects the desired current limitation in the event of a quench.
  • the coil must be selected according to the respective application requirements. For example, the settling time of the coil should be less than 10 milliseconds.
  • bypass element can also be an ohmic resistor in the context of the invention.
  • bypass coil is an air coil.
  • a damping coil is advantageously arranged in series with the current limiting device.
  • the damping coil is intended to shield subtransient currents in normal operation and is therefore primarily used to protect the superconducting switching element.
  • the damping coil is designed according to the existing network inductances. In order to reduce the losses in normal operation, the coil is made of a superconducting material, for example.
  • An iron core is advantageous in terms of quick response and thus a high time constant.
  • the sum switch and the branch switch are designed as semiconductor switches.
  • thyristors are particularly suitable. Due to the resistive current limitation by the superconducting switching element, the current flow and thus the power to be switched is limited in the event of a short circuit. For this reason, the requirements for the quality of the sum switch or the branch switch are reduced.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention advantageously has a quench detector for detecting a current limitation by the current limiting unit and control means for triggering the summation switch and the switch.
  • a measuring device can be used as the quench detector, for example, which responds to the voltage drop across the superconducting switching element in the event of quenching and outputs a corresponding b-signal to the control means.
  • the control means then ensure that a superconducting current element is switched off after a certain period of time.
  • the Ab- The entire circuit arrangement can now be switched according to the respective protection concept after an extended period of time and is brought about by moving the summation switch into its disconnected position.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 shown has a current limiting device 2 which consists of a cryostat, not shown in the figure, filled with liquid nitrogen.
  • a superconducting switching element is immersed in the liquid nitrogen and integrated into the circuit arrangement 1 via appropriate connection connections and bushings.
  • a bypass coil 3 is arranged in parallel with the current limiting device 2, so that the current flow at branches 4 and 5 can be split into partial currents depending on the ohmic resistances of the current limiting device 2 and the bypass coil 3.
  • the current In the superconducting state of the current limiting device 2, the current is almost exclusively caused by the current limiting tion device 2 out. In the event of a short circuit, however, the resistance of the current limiting device 2 increases, so that the current is conducted almost exclusively through the bypass coil 3.
  • a branch switch 6 is provided between the upper branch 4 and the current limiting device 2. The branch switch 6 is thus arranged in series with the current limiting device 2 and in parallel with the bypass coil 3. After transferring the branch switch 6 into its blocking position interrupting the current flow, the current flow through the current limiting device 2 and thus through the superconducting switching element is prevented.
  • a summing switch 8 is provided between a connection element 7 for connecting the circuit arrangement 1 to an energy distribution network and the upper branch 5, and is therefore connected in series both with respect to the current limiting device 2 and with respect to the bypass coil 3. If the sum switch 8 is moved into its disconnected position, the current flow in the entire circuit arrangement 1 and thus also by the bypass coil 3 is interrupted.
  • the superconducting switching element can be quickly switched off by triggering the branch switch 6, so that damage to the superconducting material is prevented.
  • a current flows through the bypass coil 3, so that downstream protective devices enable a network analysis to localize a short circuit in the widely distributed power distribution network.
  • An earthing switch 9 is used to ground the circuit arrangement 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 shown here has an assigned additional choke coil 10, which is arranged between the upper branch 4 and the summing switch 8 in series connection to the current limiting device 2 and to the bypass coil 3.
  • the inductor 10 serves to suppress sub-transient voltage peaks in normal operation and thus essentially to protect the superconducting component.
  • the series connection to the bypass element 3 also protects it from sub-transient voltage peaks which occur, for example, when an engine is started.
  • the choke coil 10 can, however, also be connected in parallel to the bypass element, with no protection of the bypass element.
  • branch switches 6 and summing switches 8 are designed as power semiconductor switches, the switching behavior of which can expediently be controlled via optical fibers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (1) for limiting an electric current by means of a current limiter (2), said arrangement comprising at least one superconductive switching element located in a cryostat and having a bypass element (3) that is connected in parallel to the current limiter (2) and a summation switch (8) for interrupting the current, which is connected in series to the current limiter (3) and to the bypass element (3). The aim of the invention is to provide a circuit arrangement that can be integrated without any problems into existing protective devices of power distribution networks. To achieve this, the arrangement is equipped with a branch switch (6), which is connected in series to the current limiter (2) and in parallel to the bypass element (3).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Schaltungsanordnung zur Strombegrenzung mit einem supraleitenden SchaltelementCircuit arrangement for current limitation with a superconducting switching element
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Begrenzung eines elektrischen Stromes mit einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung, die wenigstens ein in einem Kryostaten angeordnetes supraleitendes Schaltelement aufweist, mit einem außer- halb des Kryostaten angeordneten Bypasselement in Parallelschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung und mit einem Summenschalter zur Unterbrechung des Stromes in Reihenschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung und zum Bypasselement.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for limiting an electrical current with a current limiting device which has at least one superconducting switching element arranged in a cryostat, with a bypass element arranged outside the cryostat in parallel connection with the current limiting device and with a summation switch for interrupting the current in series with the current limiting device and the bypass element.
Eine solche Schaltungsanordnung ist aus der EP 0 502 644 AI bereits bekannt. Die dort gezeigte Schaltungsanordnung be- schreibt eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung, die einen mit flüssigem Stickstoff befüllten Kryostaten umfasst, in dem ein supraleitendes Schaltelement angeordnet ist. Das supraleiten- de Schaltelement ist aus einem Hochtemperatursupraleitmateri- al gefertigt, das durch die Kühlung mit flüssigem Stickstoff in einem supraleitenden Zustand gehalten wird. Im supraleitenden Zustand leitet das supraleitende Schaltelement den e- lektrischen Strom nahezu widerstandslos. Außerhalb des Kry- ostaten und in Parallelschaltung zum supraleitenden Schaltelement ist ein Bypasselement vorgesehen, das wahlweise eine Spule oder ein Widerstand sein kann. Im Summenzweig, also in Reihenschaltung sowohl zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung als auch zum Bypasselement, ist ein Leistungsschalter vorgesehen. Die vorbekannte Schaltungsanordnung ist zum Anschluss an ein Wechselspannungsnetz vorgesehen. Bei einem Netzfehler, beispielsweise im Kurzschlussfall, kommt es aufgrund der hohen Stromdichten zu einem Ansteigen der Temperatur im supralei- tenden Schaltelement. Übersteigt die Temperatur eine sogenannte Sprungtemperatur, quencht der Supraleiter und wird in den normalleitenden Zustand überführt. Der Kurzschlussstrom wird nun fast ausschließlich durch den Parallelzweig, einen sogenannten Kommutierungsleiter, geführt und auf einen vom Widerstand des Bypasselements abhängigen Wert begrenzt. Das Quenchen des supraleitenden Schaltelements wird durch einen Sensor nachgewiesen, dessen Ausgangssignal im Quenchfall das Abschalten der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung und des parallel geschalteten Bypasselements bewirkt.Such a circuit arrangement is already known from EP 0 502 644 AI. The circuit arrangement shown there describes a current limiting device which comprises a cryostat filled with liquid nitrogen, in which a superconducting switching element is arranged. The superconducting switching element is made of a high-temperature superconducting material which is kept in a superconducting state by cooling with liquid nitrogen. In the superconducting state, the superconducting switching element conducts the electrical current almost without resistance. Outside the cryostat and in parallel with the superconducting switching element, a bypass element is provided, which can either be a coil or a resistor. A circuit breaker is provided in the sum branch, that is to say in series connection both to the current limiting device and to the bypass element. The known circuit arrangement is provided for connection to an AC voltage network. In the event of a network fault, for example in the event of a short circuit, the temperature in the supral tendency switching element. If the temperature exceeds a so-called transition temperature, the superconductor quenched and is converted into the normal conducting state. The short-circuit current is now almost exclusively conducted through the parallel branch, a so-called commutation conductor, and limited to a value dependent on the resistance of the bypass element. The quenching of the superconducting switching element is detected by a sensor, the output signal of which in the case of quench causes the current limiting device and the bypass element connected in parallel to be switched off.
Um irreversible Schädigungen des supraleitenden Schaltelements zu vermeiden, ist die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung in der Regel 50 Millisekunden nach dem Ansprechen der Strombe- grenzungseinrichtung von dem mit dem Kurzschluss behafteten Netz abzuschalten. Um ein Abschalten weit verteilter Netzbereiche auch im Falle von Kurzschlüssen in nachgeschalteten örtlich begrenzten Netzzweigen zu vermeiden, ist es im Rahmen der üblichen Schutztechnik gegebenenfalls notwendig, die vollständige Stromunterbrechung durch den Summenschalter der Schaltungsanordnung erst nach einer wesentlich längeren Zeitdauer herbeizuführen. Die vorbekannte Schaltungsanordnung kann daher nicht in bestehende Schutzeinrichtungen mit festgelegten Schutzstaffelzeiten eingegliedert werden.In order to avoid irreversible damage to the superconducting switching element, the current limiting device is generally to be switched off from the network with the short circuit 50 milliseconds after the current limiting device has responded. In order to avoid switching off widely distributed network areas even in the event of short-circuits in downstream localized network branches, it may be necessary in the context of the usual protection technology to bring about a complete power interruption by the summation switch of the circuit arrangement only after a significantly longer period of time. The previously known circuit arrangement can therefore not be integrated into existing protective devices with fixed protective relay times.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Schaltungsanordnung der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, die sich problemlos in bestehende Schutzeinrichtungen von Energieverteilungs- netzen eingliedern lässt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset which can be integrated without problems into existing protective devices in energy distribution networks.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch einen zur Unterbrechung des Stromes eingerichteten Zweigschalter, der in Rei- henschaltung mit der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung parallel zumThe invention solves this problem by means of a branch switch set up to interrupt the current, circuit with the current limiting device parallel to
Bypasselement geschaltet ist.Bypass element is switched.
Durch das Vorsehen eines weiteren Zweigschalters, der mit der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung in Reihe und zu dem Bypasselement parallel geschaltet ist, ist es erfindungsgemäß möglich, nur die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung nicht jedoch das Bypasselement von dem beispielsweise kurzgeschlossenen Netz abzuschalten. Auf diese Weise muss der Stromfluss durch die Schal- tungsanordnung nicht bereits nach beispielsweiseBy providing a further branch switch, which is connected in series with the current limiting device and in parallel with the bypass element, it is possible according to the invention to switch off only the current limiting device but not the bypass element from the, for example, short-circuited network. In this way, the current flow through the circuit arrangement does not already have to, for example
50 Millisekunden oder früher vollständig unterbrochen werden. Wird der Zweigschalter von einer den Stromfluss zulassenden Kontaktstellung in eine den Stromfluss unterbrechende Trennstellung überführt, so erfolgt die Stromleitung ausschließ- lieh über das Bypasselement, dessen Auslegung daher die im Kurzschlussfall herrschende Stromdichte in den der Schaltungsanordnung nachgeschalteten Netzbereichen bestimmt. Dabei ist die Stromdichte zweckmäßigerweise so festzulegen, dass ein Netzfehler beispielsweise durch nachgeschaltete Schutz- einrichtungen bestimmbar bleibt. Auf diese Weise kann die Kurzschlussursache lokalisiert und der entsprechende Stromzweig gezielt und gegebenenfalls ohne nachhaltige Störung kurzschlussfreier Netzbereiche abgeschaltet werden.50 milliseconds or earlier are completely interrupted. If the branch switch is transferred from a contact position that allows the current flow to a disconnected position that interrupts the current flow, then the current is conducted exclusively via the bypass element, the design of which therefore determines the current density in the case of a short circuit in the network areas downstream of the circuit arrangement. In this case, the current density is expediently to be determined in such a way that a network fault can be determined, for example, by protective devices connected downstream. In this way, the cause of the short circuit can be localized and the corresponding current branch can be switched off selectively and, if necessary, without sustained interference in short-circuit-free network areas.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das Bypasselement eine Spule, die bei den üblicherweise eingesetzten Drehstromnetzen die gewünschte Strombegrenzung im Quenchfall bewirkt. Die Spule ist den jeweiligen Anwendungserfordernissen entsprechend auszuwählen. Die Einschwingzeit der Spule sollte beispielsweise weniger als 10 Millisekunden betragen.The bypass element is advantageously a coil which, in the three-phase networks normally used, effects the desired current limitation in the event of a quench. The coil must be selected according to the respective application requirements. For example, the settling time of the coil should be less than 10 milliseconds.
Alternativ dazu kann das Bypasselement im Rahmen der Erfindung auch ein ohmscher Widerstand sein. Gemäß einer diesbezüglichen Weiterentwicklung ist die Bypass- spule eine Luftspule.Alternatively, the bypass element can also be an ohmic resistor in the context of the invention. According to a further development in this regard, the bypass coil is an air coil.
Vorteilhafterweise ist eine Dämpfungsspule in Reihenschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung angeordnet. Die Dämpfungsspule ist zur Abschirmung subtransienter Ströme im Normalbetrieb vorgesehen und dient daher vor allem dem Schutz des supraleitenden Schaltelements. Die Dämpfungsspule ist den vorhandenen Netzinduktivitäten entsprechend ausgelegt. Um die Verluste im Normalbetrieb zu verringern, ist die Spule beispielsweise aus einem supraleitenden Material hergestellt. Im Hinblick auf ein schnelles Ansprechen und damit einer hohen Zeitkonstante ist ein Eisenkern vorteilhaft.A damping coil is advantageously arranged in series with the current limiting device. The damping coil is intended to shield subtransient currents in normal operation and is therefore primarily used to protect the superconducting switching element. The damping coil is designed according to the existing network inductances. In order to reduce the losses in normal operation, the coil is made of a superconducting material, for example. An iron core is advantageous in terms of quick response and thus a high time constant.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung sind der Summenschalter und der Zweigschalter als Halbleiterschalter ausgebildet. In diesem Zusammenhang kommen insbesondere Thyristoren in Betracht. Aufgrund der resistiven Strombegrenzung durch das supraleitende Schaltelement wird im Kurzschlussfall der Stromfluss und damit die zu schaltende Leistung begrenzt. Aus diesem Grunde sind die Anforderungen an die Güte des Summenschalters bzw. des Zweigschalters verringert.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the sum switch and the branch switch are designed as semiconductor switches. In this context, thyristors are particularly suitable. Due to the resistive current limitation by the superconducting switching element, the current flow and thus the power to be switched is limited in the event of a short circuit. For this reason, the requirements for the quality of the sum switch or the branch switch are reduced.
Vorteilhafterweise weist die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsan- Ordnung einen Quenchdetektor zum Nachweis einer Strombegrenzung durch die Strombegrenzungseinheit und Steuerungsmittel zum Auslösen des Summenschalters sowie des Schalters auf. Als Quenchdetektor ist beispielsweise ein Messgerät einsetzbar, das auf die im Falle eines Quenchens am supraleitenden Schaltelement abfallende Spannung anspricht und ein entsprechendes bSignal an die Steuerungsmittel abgibt. Die Steuerungsmittel sorgen dann für ein Abschalten eines supraleitenden Stromelements nach einer bestimmten Zeitdauer. Die Ab- Schaltung der gesamten Schaltungsanordnung kann nun dem jeweiligen Schutzkonzept entsprechend nach einer verlängerten Zeitdauer erfolgen und wird durch das Überführen des Summenschalters in seine Trennstellung bewirkt.The circuit arrangement according to the invention advantageously has a quench detector for detecting a current limitation by the current limiting unit and control means for triggering the summation switch and the switch. A measuring device can be used as the quench detector, for example, which responds to the voltage drop across the superconducting switching element in the event of quenching and outputs a corresponding b-signal to the control means. The control means then ensure that a superconducting current element is switched off after a certain period of time. The Ab- The entire circuit arrangement can now be switched according to the respective protection concept after an extended period of time and is brought about by moving the summation switch into its disconnected position.
Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung, wobei sich entsprechende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind.Further expedient refinements and advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures of the drawing, corresponding components being provided with the same reference numerals.
Figur 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung undFigure 1 shows a first embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention and
Figur 2 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung.Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungs- gemäßen Schaltungsanordnung 1. Die gezeigte Schaltungsanordnung 1 weist eine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 auf, die aus einem figürlich nicht dargestellten, mit flüssigem Stickstoff gefüllten Kryostaten besteht. In dem flüssigen Stickstoff ist ein supraleitendes Schaltelement eingetaucht und über zweck- mäßige Anschlussverbindungen und Durchführungen in die Schaltungsanordnung 1 integriert. In Parallelschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 ist eine Bypassspule 3 angeordnet, so dass der Stromfluss an Zweigstellen 4 und 5 in Abhängigkeit der Ohmschen Widerstände der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 und der Bypassspule 3 in Teilströme aufspaltbar ist.FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention. The circuit arrangement 1 shown has a current limiting device 2 which consists of a cryostat, not shown in the figure, filled with liquid nitrogen. A superconducting switching element is immersed in the liquid nitrogen and integrated into the circuit arrangement 1 via appropriate connection connections and bushings. A bypass coil 3 is arranged in parallel with the current limiting device 2, so that the current flow at branches 4 and 5 can be split into partial currents depending on the ohmic resistances of the current limiting device 2 and the bypass coil 3.
Im supraleitenden Zustand der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 wird der Strom nahezu ausschließlich durch die Strombegren- zungseinrichtung 2 geführt. Im Kurzschlussfall hingegen steigt der Widerstand der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 an, so dass der Strom nahezu ausschließlich durch die Bypassspule 3 geführt wird. Zwischen der oberen Zweigstelle 4 und der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 ist ein Zweigschalter 6 vorgesehen. Der Zweigschalter 6 ist somit in Reihenschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 und in Parallelschaltung zur Bypassspule 3 angeordnet. Nach Überführen des Zweigschalters 6 in seine den Stromfluss unterbrechende Sperrstellung ist der Stromfluss durch die Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 und somit durch das supraleitende Schaltelement verhindert.In the superconducting state of the current limiting device 2, the current is almost exclusively caused by the current limiting tion device 2 out. In the event of a short circuit, however, the resistance of the current limiting device 2 increases, so that the current is conducted almost exclusively through the bypass coil 3. A branch switch 6 is provided between the upper branch 4 and the current limiting device 2. The branch switch 6 is thus arranged in series with the current limiting device 2 and in parallel with the bypass coil 3. After transferring the branch switch 6 into its blocking position interrupting the current flow, the current flow through the current limiting device 2 and thus through the superconducting switching element is prevented.
Zwischen einem Anschlusselement 7 zur Anbindung der Schaltungsanordnung 1 in ein Energieverteilungsnetz und der oberen Zweigstelle 5 ist ein Summenschalter 8 vorgesehen, der somit sowohl bezüglich der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 als auch bezüglich der Bypassspule 3 in Reihe geschaltet ist. Wird der Summenschalter 8 in seine Trennstellung überführt, wird der Stromfluss in der gesamten Schaltungsanordnung 1 und somit auch durch die Bypassspule 3 unterbrochen.A summing switch 8 is provided between a connection element 7 for connecting the circuit arrangement 1 to an energy distribution network and the upper branch 5, and is therefore connected in series both with respect to the current limiting device 2 and with respect to the bypass coil 3. If the sum switch 8 is moved into its disconnected position, the current flow in the entire circuit arrangement 1 and thus also by the bypass coil 3 is interrupted.
Nach dem Quenchen kann das supraleitende Schaltelement durch Auslösen des Zweigschalters 6 schnell abgeschaltet werden, so dass eine Beschädigung des supraleitenden Materials verhin- dert ist. Trotz Abschaltung der Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 fließt ein Strom durch die Bypassspule 3, so dass nachgeschalteten Schutzeinrichtungen eine Netzanalyse ermöglicht ist, um einen Kurzschluss im weit verteilten Energieverteilungsnetz zu lokalisieren. Zur Erdung der Schaltungsanordnung 1 dient ein Erdungsschalter 9.After quenching, the superconducting switching element can be quickly switched off by triggering the branch switch 6, so that damage to the superconducting material is prevented. Despite the current limiting device 2 being switched off, a current flows through the bypass coil 3, so that downstream protective devices enable a network analysis to localize a short circuit in the widely distributed power distribution network. An earthing switch 9 is used to ground the circuit arrangement 1.
Figur 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Die hier dargestellte Schaltungsanordnung 1 weist eine zu- sätzliche Drosselspule 10 auf, die zwischen der oberen Zweigstelle 4 und dem Summenschalter 8 in Reihenschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung 2 sowie zur Bypassspule 3 angeordnet ist. Die Drosselspule 10 dient zur Unterdrückung sub- transienter Spannungsspitzen im Normalbetrieb und damit im Wesentlichen zum Schutz des supraleitenden Bauelements. Durch die Reihenschaltung zum Bypasselement 3 ist jedoch auch dieses vor beispielsweise beim Anlassen eines Motors auftretenden subtransienten Spannungsspitzen geschützt. Abweichend von dem hier gewählten Ausführungsbeispiel kann die Drosselspule 10 jedoch auch parallel zum Bypasselement geschaltet sein, wobei auf einen Schutz des Bypasselements verzichtet wird.Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the invention. The circuit arrangement 1 shown here has an assigned additional choke coil 10, which is arranged between the upper branch 4 and the summing switch 8 in series connection to the current limiting device 2 and to the bypass coil 3. The inductor 10 serves to suppress sub-transient voltage peaks in normal operation and thus essentially to protect the superconducting component. However, the series connection to the bypass element 3 also protects it from sub-transient voltage peaks which occur, for example, when an engine is started. In a departure from the exemplary embodiment selected here, the choke coil 10 can, however, also be connected in parallel to the bypass element, with no protection of the bypass element.
Zweigschalter 6 und Summenschalter 8 sind in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel als Leistungshalbleiterschalter ausgebildet, die zweckmäßigerweise über Lichtleiter in ihrem Schaltverhalten steuerbar sind. In the exemplary embodiment shown, branch switches 6 and summing switches 8 are designed as power semiconductor switches, the switching behavior of which can expediently be controlled via optical fibers.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schaltungsanordnung (1) zur Begrenzung eines elektrischen Stromes mit einer Strombegrenzungseinrichtung (2), die wenigstens ein in einem Kryostaten angeordnetes supraleitendes Schaltelement aufweist, mit einem außerhalb des Kryostaten angeordneten Bypasselement (3) in Parallelschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung (2) und mit einem Summenschalter (8) zur Unterbrechung des Stromes in Reihenschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung (2) und zum Bypasselement (3), g e k e n n z e i c h n e t du r c h einen zur Unterbrechung des Stromes eingerichteten Zweigschalter (6) , der in Reihenschaltung mit der Strombegren- zungseinrichtung (2) parallel zum Bypasselement (3) geschaltet ist.1. Circuit arrangement (1) for limiting an electrical current with a current limiting device (2) which has at least one superconducting switching element arranged in a cryostat, with a bypass element (3) arranged outside the cryostat in parallel connection to the current limiting device (2) and with a summation switch (8) to interrupt the current in series connection to the current limiting device (2) and to the bypass element (3), characterized by a branch switch (6) set up to interrupt the current, which is connected in series with the current limiting device (2) parallel to the bypass element ( 3) is switched.
2. Schaltungsanordnung (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass das Bypasselement eine Bypassspule (3) oder ein ohmscher Widerstand ist.2. Circuit arrangement (1) according to claim 1, so that the bypass element is a bypass coil (3) or an ohmic resistor.
3. Schaltungsanordnung (1) gemäß Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Bypassspule (3) eine Luftspule ist.3. Circuit arrangement (1) according to claim 2, so that the bypass coil (3) is an air coil.
4. Schaltungsanordnung (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass eine Dämpfungsspule (10) in Reihenschaltung zur Strombegrenzungseinrichtung (2) angeordnet ist.4. Circuit arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, that a damping coil (10) is arranged in series with the current limiting device (2).
5. Schaltungsanordnung (1) gemäß Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Dämpfungsspule (10) einen Eisenkern aufweist.5. Circuit arrangement (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the damping coil (10) has an iron core.
6. Schaltungsanordnung (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass der Summenschalter (8) und der Zweigschalter (6) Halbleiterschalter sind.6. Circuit arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the sum switch (8) and the branch switch (6) are semiconductor switches.
7. Schaltungsanordnung (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass ein Quenchdetektor zum Nachweis einer Strombegrenzung durch die Strombegrenzungseinheit (2) und Steuerungsmittel zum Auslösen des Summenschalters (8) sowie des Zweigschalters (6) vorgesehen sind. 7. Circuit arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that a quench detector for detecting a current limitation by the current limiting unit (2) and control means for triggering the summation switch (8) and the branch switch (6) are provided.
PCT/DE2003/002057 2002-06-27 2003-06-13 Current limiting circuit arrangement comprising a superconductive switching element WO2004004090A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10230084.4 2002-06-27
DE10230084A DE10230084A1 (en) 2002-06-27 2002-06-27 Circuit arrangement for current limitation with a superconducting switching element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004004090A1 true WO2004004090A1 (en) 2004-01-08

Family

ID=29761622

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2003/002057 WO2004004090A1 (en) 2002-06-27 2003-06-13 Current limiting circuit arrangement comprising a superconductive switching element

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10230084A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004004090A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008121430A3 (en) * 2007-02-09 2008-11-27 American Superconductor Corp Parallel connected hts fcl device
CN100502188C (en) * 2005-12-02 2009-06-17 Ls产电株式会社 Electric power circuit protecting apparatus using superconductor
ES2323612A1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2009-07-21 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd Half wave expulsion (non-fault current limiting) type superconducting fault current limiter having integral high speed switch module
ES2326105A1 (en) * 2006-08-17 2009-09-30 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd Complex superconducting fault current limiter
US7724482B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2010-05-25 American Superconductor Corporation Parallel HTS transformer device
US7902461B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2011-03-08 American Superconductor Corporation Fault current limiting HTS cable and method of configuring same
WO2017012799A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current limiter device having a coil and a switch

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004031908B3 (en) * 2004-06-24 2006-01-05 Siemens Ag Current limiting device with superconducting switching element

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3629690A (en) * 1969-06-26 1971-12-21 Siemens Ag Current limiting device for limiting short circuit current in energy transfer systems
JPH01185127A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-07-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Current limiter
EP0502644A1 (en) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-09 The BOC Group plc Cryogenic apparatus
DE19744011A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 1999-04-01 Siemens Ag Circuit breaker device for power supply and distribution
EP0926797A2 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-30 Abb Research Ltd. Devices for limiting overcurrents

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3629690A (en) * 1969-06-26 1971-12-21 Siemens Ag Current limiting device for limiting short circuit current in energy transfer systems
JPH01185127A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-07-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Current limiter
EP0502644A1 (en) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-09 The BOC Group plc Cryogenic apparatus
DE19744011A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 1999-04-01 Siemens Ag Circuit breaker device for power supply and distribution
EP0926797A2 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-30 Abb Research Ltd. Devices for limiting overcurrents

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 470 (E - 835) 24 October 1989 (1989-10-24) *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100502188C (en) * 2005-12-02 2009-06-17 Ls产电株式会社 Electric power circuit protecting apparatus using superconductor
ES2326105A1 (en) * 2006-08-17 2009-09-30 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd Complex superconducting fault current limiter
ES2323612A1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2009-07-21 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd Half wave expulsion (non-fault current limiting) type superconducting fault current limiter having integral high speed switch module
WO2008121430A3 (en) * 2007-02-09 2008-11-27 American Superconductor Corp Parallel connected hts fcl device
US7724482B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2010-05-25 American Superconductor Corporation Parallel HTS transformer device
US7902461B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2011-03-08 American Superconductor Corporation Fault current limiting HTS cable and method of configuring same
US8532725B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2013-09-10 American Superconductor Corporation Parallel connected HTS utility device and method of using same
US8886267B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2014-11-11 American Superconductor Corporation Fault current limiting HTS cable and method of configuring same
WO2017012799A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current limiter device having a coil and a switch
CN107851992A (en) * 2015-07-17 2018-03-27 西门子公司 Current limiting device with coil and switch
CN107851992B (en) * 2015-07-17 2020-05-01 西门子公司 Current limiting device with coil and switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10230084A1 (en) 2004-01-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3257147B1 (en) Converter arrangement and method for short-circuit protection thereof
DE69630608T2 (en) OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
DE102013110240B4 (en) Circuit arrangement for a photovoltaic inverter for off-load relief with short-circuit switches and uses of the circuit arrangement
EP2028741A2 (en) Hybrid-type superconducting fault current limiter
US20100149707A1 (en) Parallel Connected HTS Utility Device and Method of Using Same
DE19601540A1 (en) Design of circuit interrupter e.g. for power distribution system
DE2014375B2 (en) Arrangement for directional influencing of the current distribution in a high-voltage direct current mesh network
DE2503523A1 (en) AC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
DE1763131A1 (en) Method for overload protection using superconductors
WO2004004090A1 (en) Current limiting circuit arrangement comprising a superconductive switching element
DE4021524C2 (en) Quench protection device for superconducting coils
BE1026372B1 (en) guard
EP0926797A2 (en) Devices for limiting overcurrents
DE855602C (en) Arrangement to limit overcurrents in electrical circuits, especially high-voltage networks
WO1999017415A1 (en) Power breaker for power supply and distribution
WO1995003645A1 (en) Process and arrangement for limiting short circuit current on an electric energy transmission line
EP2983262A1 (en) Current-limiting device
EP1050892B1 (en) Current limiting device for superconducting transformer
DE2710625A1 (en) Short circuit limiting equipment for multi-machine bus=bar - incorporates current transformer with switchable load and is controlled by electronic switch
EP2904625B1 (en) Dc voltage circuit breaker
DE19801708C1 (en) Short circuit current limiter for limiting fault currents in power networks
EP0347787B1 (en) Protective circuit breaker for an overload current and short circuit
CN107851992B (en) Current limiting device with coil and switch
EP1526624A2 (en) Device for rapid disconnection of short circuits in electrical dc and ac networks
DE4136240A1 (en) Overcurrent protection circuit for DC supply network - uses electromagnetically-operated overcurrent switch for galvanic separation of current consumer circuit, actuated w.r.t. monitored parameters

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): JP KR US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP