WO2003066966A1 - Block having surface layer piece attached thereto - Google Patents

Block having surface layer piece attached thereto Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003066966A1
WO2003066966A1 PCT/JP2003/001155 JP0301155W WO03066966A1 WO 2003066966 A1 WO2003066966 A1 WO 2003066966A1 JP 0301155 W JP0301155 W JP 0301155W WO 03066966 A1 WO03066966 A1 WO 03066966A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
surface layer
piece
layer piece
rubber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2003/001155
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masao Inuzuka
Original Assignee
Masao Inuzuka
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Masao Inuzuka filed Critical Masao Inuzuka
Priority to AU2003244356A priority Critical patent/AU2003244356A1/en
Priority to US10/503,506 priority patent/US20050257470A1/en
Priority to GB0416635A priority patent/GB2401125B/en
Publication of WO2003066966A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003066966A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E01C5/226—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials having an upper layer of rubber, with or without inserts of other materials; with rubber inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/16—Elements joined together
    • E01C2201/167—Elements joined together by reinforcement or mesh

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction block mainly attached with fragments such as automobile tires.
  • the long-term strength of bonding between the surface layer piece and the cured product is weak
  • a hardening material that hardens over time such as concrete, is cast directly on the adhesive to form an intimate interface
  • the feature is that, for example, fresh concrete is cast directly as a hardened material on a viscous material such as bituminous material and molded.
  • a viscous material such as bituminous material and molded.
  • three members namely, a surface layer piece 1, an adhesive portion 2, and a cured body 3, are adhered to each other with a microscopically complicated surface.
  • the thickness of the product can be easily controlled by making the surface where the setting of the cured product is completed constant, and a block of a specified standard can be manufactured. Is done.
  • the process of fragmentation and granulation is omitted, so that the molding cost is reduced, and the strength of the surface layer piece is high because the solid rubber piece is used as it is.
  • the surface layer piece 1, the bonding portion 2, and the cured body 3 are closely adhered to each other with a microscopically complicated surface. For this reason, the shear stress due to the load received by the rubber is dispersed to a large number of microscopic protrusions of the hardened body 3, preventing local stress concentration, and increasing the strength.
  • the block according to claim 1 simultaneously solves the three problems.
  • the tackiness or delayed adhesiveness, such as dark blue, in the above means is to achieve the purpose of exhibiting an adhesive force after curing with a cured product.
  • the same result can be obtained by using a material or a mechanism that is lately bonded after curing of the cured product due to delayed heating of the bonded portion or delayed penetration of the bonding solution into the bonded portion.
  • asphalt mixture material or another material having delayed adhesion may be used. This method is also applied to the case where various materials such as wood chips 'plastic pieces' waste tiles and smooth natural stones are used for surface layer pieces.
  • adhesion to the concrete is difficult, adhesion strength to the hardening material is weak, and dimensions when supplied are uneven. Many materials have not been used since then.
  • this block is also a means that allows the use of materials that have been difficult to produce durable products of a certain standard.
  • various types of concrete in which the material to be bonded to the surface layer piece is a binder is used as the hardened material 3, the binder forms the bonded portion 2 at the same time as the casting, so that the process of forming the bonded portion is not necessary. Can be omitted.
  • the partial peeling that occurs after the start of operation is repaired at high temperatures, the durability against peeling is greatly improved.
  • At least a part of the joint space 4 between the surface layer piece 1 and the adjacent surface layer piece 1 is provided with the joint body 34, and the joint body 34 is buried and adhered to the cured body 3 by protruding or the like. Combine and integrate. In this case, the movement of the individual surface layer pieces 1 due to the applied load is restrained by the underlying hardened body, the peeling resistance is increased, and the durability of the bond is greatly improved.
  • grooves or holding arms 7 are provided on the back side of the surface layer piece 1 by processing irregularities. Since the cured body 3 also follows, the bonding strength is further increased. In particular, if the holding arm 7 made of rubber or the like that protrudes locally by baking or bonding is processed, the holding action of the holding body 7 by the hardened body 3 restrains the separation of the surface layer piece 1 and the hardened body 3. The bonding strength between the two is improved. When the holding arm 7 is held in the cured body 3 with an undercut, the bonding strength is further improved.
  • the interval and direction of the arrangement blocks at the site are significantly improved, so that the generation of weak points is prevented.
  • the peripheral blocks cooperate with each other via the mesh body 5 to resist the displacement due to the vehicle load, so that the displacement resistance greatly improves.
  • a unit with a large number of pro- cks can be handled collectively by a transportation means such as a crane tunic, which has the advantage of greatly improving construction efficiency.
  • the horizontal cutting line 11 parallel to the wheel axis and the edge line 12 of the side perpendicular to the cutting line 11 are substantially orthogonal to each other.
  • the surface layer and the cured body are overlapped with [cured body / surface layer / cured body].
  • This may be arranged as [surface layer-cured body-surface layer].
  • the bonding portion 2 when at least a part of the bonding portion 2 is made of a heat-generating material such as carbon fiber by electric power, microwave, high frequency or the like, selective heating can be performed. Therefore, when the bonding portion 2 is made of a thermoplastic material, the cured body 3 can be heated and bonded at an arbitrary time, or can be melted and peeled off at an arbitrary time. This makes it possible to manufacture the bonded portion as an independent film or to modify the position of the surface layer piece and the cured body that has been cast, thereby facilitating the manufacture of the block. In addition, when a block is replaced due to wear or the like, the removal and replacement work of the surface layer piece 1 are facilitated by heating, so that an advantage that the cost of repair and treatment is greatly reduced can be obtained.
  • a heat-generating material such as carbon fiber by electric power, microwave, high frequency or the like
  • a plate-shaped discontinuous space 33 is provided in the hardened body, even if a load caused by vibrations or movement of the groundwork after the start of operation, the blockage can be prevented.
  • the fracture surface of the crack is forced to the position of the separator 33, and a crack is generated only here. As a result, random fluctuation and destruction of the block can be prevented, and the durability of the connection can be greatly improved.
  • the separator is the same in a piecewise space or in a space where small platelets are buried.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment in which a block is used for pavement for reducing vehicle noise and deicing, and shows a section taken along line AB in FIG. (Example 1)
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross-sectional view taken along a line AB in FIG. (Example 1)
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view for the purpose of explaining the manufacturing procedure in Example 2. (Example 2)
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view when the surface layer is arranged above. (Example 2)
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view when the surface layer in Example 3 is arranged on the ⁇ side. (Example 3)
  • a general block according to the present invention mainly uses a tread portion of a tire and combines one to an arbitrary number to produce one block.
  • the blocks are formed into a square with a side length of 120 mm to form a surface layer piece 1, which is used as a block of four pieces.
  • the surface pieces are arranged at an interval of 4 mm.
  • asphalt is applied with the back side of the tread facing up, and concrete is poured on top of this.
  • the rubber thickness is 10 mm and the asphalt thickness is l mm
  • the concrete casting thickness is 19 mm.
  • the casting thickness is changed according to the change of the rubber thickness, and it is molded into a block of 2 4 6x24 6x30mm.
  • Example 1 which is a vertical cross-sectional view of Example 1 at the time of completion of construction.
  • a square rubber piece cut out of a tread portion of a rubber tire and taken out is used as a surface layer piece 1, formed into a rectangular flat plate, and placed at a position covering the surface of the block.
  • Asphalt is applied to the back side of the surface layer piece 1 to form an adhesive portion 2.
  • Concrete is poured directly onto the bonding portion 2. This concrete is formed by casting the entire block into a predetermined shape.
  • the cured product 3 having a certain strength is formed by the subsequent curing, and the surface layer piece 1 and the cured product 3 are joined by the bonding portion 2 to be integrated.
  • the asphalt bonding portion 2 was adhered to the surface layer piece 1, and the concrete was cast and cured as a cured body 3.
  • the bonding portion 2 is made of asphalt, the partial peeling generated between the surface layer piece 1 and the cured body 3 at a low temperature is repaired at a high temperature.
  • the adhesion and peeling of the surface layer can be easily controlled by applying heat and pressure, which facilitates construction and repair.
  • a part of the cured body 3 is extruded as a joint body 34 into a part of the joint space 4 between the rubber pieces.
  • This has the function of transmitting the horizontal acting force received by the surface layer piece 1 to the hardened body 3 and resisting it, and it can be replaced by burying a formed product such as plastic or metal.
  • the rubber holding arm 7 is baked and embedded in the hardened body 3.
  • the holding arm 7 prevents the surface piece 1 from peeling and moving, and ensures traffic safety. It is functioning. If the holding arm 7 is made thicker or a hole is formed in the holding arm, the holding arm 7 is held by the undercut of the hardened body 3, so that the bonding strength increases.
  • the independent blocks are connected by the mesh body 5, thereby improving the construction efficiency and exhibiting a function of preventing local peeling by transmitting local horizontal force to other blocks and preventing them from being separated. ing.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the first embodiment.
  • the transverse cutting line 11 and the edge line 12 are orthogonal to each other.
  • the slight undulations on the back of the tire create complex irregularities on the adhesive surface, increase the resistance to slippage and prevent the surface pattern from becoming monotonous, improving the appearance.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view for explaining a general manufacturing procedure.
  • a square old tire rubber piece is arranged as a surface layer piece 1, and asphalt is flown to prepare an adhesive portion 2.
  • the mesh 5 is buried on the way, and concrete is poured directly on the asphalt, and the concrete is hardened and the asphalt is bonded.
  • On the right side of the two surface pieces 1, a horizontal cutting line 11 is oblique. If the tire is divided equally into radials, this angle may be large in some cases.
  • the edge line 12 parallel to the traveling direction of the wheel is processed, and if the cut surfaces of both lines facing each other when the surface layer is arranged are made substantially parallel, rubber wear from near joint 4 Significantly reduce the vehicle's riding comfort.
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of Fig. 3, which is inverted, and is used for fixing rubber to the surface such as a car stop or seawall.
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the surface pattern side of the tread is adhered and processed into a system for spraying an antifreeze liquid.
  • a rubber surface layer piece is sandwiched between upper and lower cured bodies. Increasing the thickness of the surface layer pieces and the number of layers increases rubber elasticity. The amount of displacement is small.
  • the surface of the block lowers due to the load of the passing vehicle, and the antifreeze liquid 22 is applied to the tire tread of the vehicle. Since this liquid is applied to the road surface and spreads, the spraying range of the liquid is expanded and freezing is prevented. In summer, the liquid can be replaced with water and used as a watering system.
  • the rubber-adhered block of the present invention makes it possible to easily and inexpensively produce a block having desired design dimensions regardless of the thickness of the rubber layer, and to adhere the block regardless of the shape of the bonding surface with the cured body.
  • Bonding with the bonded surface to increase durability secure the bonding strength to withstand heavy loads such as vehicle traffic, and greatly improve the shear strength of the bonded surface as the bonding surface becomes a complex flat surface. It reduces the noise level and reverberation noise, and has the effect of enabling the passing vehicles to remove surface icing. It is also used where it is worn due to friction with flowing materials such as revetments and ditches to improve durability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

A paving block with a rubber piece made from, e.g., a used tire, for reducing echoes, noise, wear, icing on the block surface, adhering force of ice, shocks in collisions, etc. The block having high dimensional accuracy and comprising strong rubber piece that does not peel away for a log period is provided by a simple and low-cost method. The method is applied to provide diverse construction blocks to which materials, other than rubber, with various characteristics are attached. A square piece of rubber is cut off from a tire with non-uniform, uneven thickness caused by wear. This piece of rubber is made a surface layer piece (1) of a block, and asphalt that functions as a bonding portion (2) is applied to the back side of the surface layer piece (1). Concrete is placed directly on the asphalt as a curing body (3). The concrete placement thickness is adjusted so that the entire block has a predetermined thickness, and the concrete is cured. Using a holding arm (7), a net-like member (5), a separator (33), a joint (34), etc. can increase the strength of the block.

Description

明細書 表層片を付着したプロック 技術分野  Description Block with surface layer attached
本発明は、 主として自動車タイヤなどの断片を付着した建設用のプロックに関す る' 背景技術  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a construction block mainly attached with fragments such as automobile tires.
従来、 廃棄処理に難点のある古タイヤなどのゴム材を舗装や護岸のブロックの表 面に表層片として貼ることによって、 反響音 ·発生騒音 ·磨耗 ·表面結氷 ·着氷の付 着力 ·衝突時の衝撃を低下させるなど多くの効果を得ていた。 このための製造方法で は、 ゴムを細分化して粒状化し、 樹脂で再固形化した粒状ゴム板を製作した。 この方 法によって、 タイヤの形状と磨耗度の違いを解消して一定規格の工業製品にすること ができたからである。  Conventionally, rubber materials such as old tires, which are difficult to dispose of, are pasted on the surface of pavement and revetment blocks as a surface layer to produce reverberation noise, generated noise, abrasion, surface icing, icing, and adhesion force. Many effects were obtained, such as reducing the impact of In the production method for this purpose, the rubber was subdivided and granulated, and a granular rubber plate resolidified with resin was manufactured. This method eliminated the differences in tire shape and degree of wear and made it an industrial product of a certain standard.
しかし、 細分化と再固形化には特別な設備を必要とし、 かつ、 加工に費用が掛か るという欠点があった。 また、 粒状ゴムを再固形化したゴムは、 もとのゴム材より耐 久強度が大幅に劣り、車道や外壁など厳しい環境での適用が制限される欠点があった。  However, there were drawbacks that special equipment was required for subdivision and resolidification, and processing was expensive. In addition, the rubber obtained by resolidifying the granular rubber has much lower durability than the original rubber material, and has a drawback that its application in severe environments such as roadways and outer walls is limited.
他の材料である木材 ·ガラス ·石材などでも、 細分化して再固形化して表層片に する手順は同じであり、 費用と耐久強度にも同様の欠点があった。 即ち、 両欠点は、 ランダムな厚さで供給される材料を表層片に用いる場合に、 プロックを規定の厚さに 製作するために生じたものである。 また、 従来、 硬化の終了したコンクリートブロックなどの表面にゴム片を高強度 の接着剤で接着する試みは多かったが、 ゴム片が短期間で剥離した。 この原因の一つ は、 ゴム片と硬化体たるコンクリートの接着面形状が単純な平面になるために、 ゴム が受けるせん断負荷が硬化体の広い面に分散せず局部に集中するからである。 この局 部には直接の作用力に加えて、 日内温度変化などによる温度応力が繰り返し作用する ので、 必然的に剥離が生じ、 局部から全体に及んだ。 この現象のため、 硬化体が硬化 した後に接着で結合する方法では、 結合の長期強度が弱い欠点があった For other materials such as wood, glass, stone, etc., the procedure to subdivide and resolidify into surface layer pieces was the same, and there were similar disadvantages in cost and durability. In other words, both disadvantages are caused when the block is manufactured to a specified thickness when a material supplied in a random thickness is used for the surface layer piece. In the past, many attempts have been made to attach rubber pieces to the surface of hardened concrete blocks or the like with a high-strength adhesive, but the rubber pieces peeled off in a short period of time. One of the reasons is that since the bonding surface between the rubber piece and the concrete as the hardened body is a simple flat surface, the shear load applied to the rubber is not concentrated on a wide surface of the hardened body but is concentrated on a local part. In addition to the direct acting force, temperature stress due to changes in temperature during the day repeatedly acts on this local area, and as a result, peeling occurred inevitably, extending from the local area to the entire area. Due to this phenomenon, the method of bonding by bonding after the cured body has cured has the disadvantage that the long-term strength of the bonding is weak.
従来手段における上記のような欠点を解決するための問題点は、  Problems to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the conventional means are as follows.
表層片の成型に掛かる費用が大きい点、 High cost of molding surface layer pieces,
表層片の強度が低い点、 Low surface layer strength,
表層片と硬化物の結合の長期強度が弱い点、 The long-term strength of bonding between the surface layer piece and the cured product is weak,
の 3点である。 発明の開示 3 points. Disclosure of the invention
本発明は上記の 3点を同時に解決する手段として、 請求項 1に記述のように構成 された表層片を付着したブロックを用いる。 この手段の主要な特徴は、 請求項 1にお ける、  In the present invention, as a means for simultaneously solving the above three points, a block having a surface layer piece attached as described in claim 1 is used. The main feature of this means is that
e コンクリー卜のような時間硬化する硬化材料が該接着部に直接して打設され密着 した境界面を形成し、 e A hardening material that hardens over time, such as concrete, is cast directly on the adhesive to form an intimate interface,
f 該硬化材料が、適宜量打設されて該ブロックの全体を一定寸法に形成するように 硬化体を形成し、 f Forming a cured body such that the curing material is cast in an appropriate amount to form the entire block into a certain size;
の二項である。 この特徴は、 例えば、 瀝青材料のような粘性体の上に、 硬化体としてフレッシュ コンクリートを直接打設して成型することである。 図面 1を参照して説明すると、 こ の方法によって、 表層片 1 ·接着部 2 ·硬化体 3の 3者が、 微視的に複雑な形状の面 で密着する。 加えて、 硬化体の打設完了面を一定にすることによって個々のゴム片の 厚さや接着面の形状が異なっても、 容易に製品の厚さがコントロールされ、 所定の規 格のプロックが製作される。 この方法によると細分化や粒状化の過程が省かれるので 成型コス トが低下し、 かつ、 固形ゴム片をそのまま用いるので表層片の強度が高い。 また表層片 1、 接着部 2および硬化体 3が、 相互に微視的に複雑な形状の面で高精度 に密着する。 このため、 ゴムの受けた負荷によるせん断応力は硬化体 3の多数の微視 的な出っ張りに分散されて局部的な応力集中を防ぎ、 強度が高くなる。 加えて、 瀝青 のような材料の接着部では、 局部にひずみが繰り返し集中しても、 それに応じた変形 が剥離の発生を防ぎ、 また、 剥離が生じても一定期間の接触で強度が回復するので、 強度の耐久性を一層増大する。 即ち、 請求項 1の構成によるブロックが、 課題の 3点 を同時に解決する。 In two terms. The feature is that, for example, fresh concrete is cast directly as a hardened material on a viscous material such as bituminous material and molded. Explaining with reference to Drawing 1, by this method, three members, namely, a surface layer piece 1, an adhesive portion 2, and a cured body 3, are adhered to each other with a microscopically complicated surface. In addition, even if the thickness of each piece of rubber and the shape of the adhesive surface are different, the thickness of the product can be easily controlled by making the surface where the setting of the cured product is completed constant, and a block of a specified standard can be manufactured. Is done. According to this method, the process of fragmentation and granulation is omitted, so that the molding cost is reduced, and the strength of the surface layer piece is high because the solid rubber piece is used as it is. In addition, the surface layer piece 1, the bonding portion 2, and the cured body 3 are closely adhered to each other with a microscopically complicated surface. For this reason, the shear stress due to the load received by the rubber is dispersed to a large number of microscopic protrusions of the hardened body 3, preventing local stress concentration, and increasing the strength. In addition, in the joints of materials such as bitumen, even if strain is repeatedly concentrated in local areas, the corresponding deformation prevents the occurrence of peeling, and even if peeling occurs, strength can be recovered by contact for a certain period of time Therefore, the durability of the strength is further increased. That is, the block according to claim 1 simultaneously solves the three problems.
上記手段における、 櫪青のような粘着性または遅れ接着性は、 硬化物との硬化後 に接着力を発揮する目的を達成するためである。 この目的は、 接着部の遅れ加熱や接 着部への接着液の遅れ浸透などによって、 硬化物の硬化後に遅れて接着する材料また は仕組みを用いても、 同様の結果が得られる。 また、 アスファルト合材ゃ他の遅れ接 着性の材料に代えてもよい。 また、 この手段は、 木材チップ'プラスチック片 '廃棄 タイル ·滑らかな自然石など、 多様な材料を表層片に用いる場合にも適用される。 建 造物の表面に望ましい特性を持つにも拘らず、コンクリー卜との接着が難しかったり、 硬化材との付着強度が弱かったり、 供給される時の寸法がばらついたりするため、 従 来使用されなかった材料は多い。 即ち、 このブロックは、 一定規格の耐久的な製品に することが難しかった材料を用いることを可能にする手段でもある。 また、 用途によ つては、 表層片に接着する材料をパインダ一にした様々なコンクリートを硬化体 3と すると、 打設と同時にバインダーが接着部 2を形成するので、 接着部を形成する工程 の省略が出来る。 また、 供用開始後生じた部分的な剥離を高温時に修復するので剥離 に対する耐久性が大幅に向上する。 The tackiness or delayed adhesiveness, such as dark blue, in the above means is to achieve the purpose of exhibiting an adhesive force after curing with a cured product. The same result can be obtained by using a material or a mechanism that is lately bonded after curing of the cured product due to delayed heating of the bonded portion or delayed penetration of the bonding solution into the bonded portion. In addition, asphalt mixture material or another material having delayed adhesion may be used. This method is also applied to the case where various materials such as wood chips 'plastic pieces' waste tiles and smooth natural stones are used for surface layer pieces. Despite having desirable properties on the surface of the building, adhesion to the concrete is difficult, adhesion strength to the hardening material is weak, and dimensions when supplied are uneven. Many materials have not been used since then. In other words, this block is also a means that allows the use of materials that have been difficult to produce durable products of a certain standard. In addition, depending on the application, if various types of concrete in which the material to be bonded to the surface layer piece is a binder is used as the hardened material 3, the binder forms the bonded portion 2 at the same time as the casting, so that the process of forming the bonded portion is not necessary. Can be omitted. In addition, since the partial peeling that occurs after the start of operation is repaired at high temperatures, the durability against peeling is greatly improved.
なお、 請求項 2に記載したように、 表層片 1 と隣接表層片 1 との間の目地空間 4 の少なく とも一部に、 目地体 34を設け、 埋設 ·接着 '突き出しなどで硬化体 3に結 合して一体化する。 こうすると、 受ける負荷による個々の表層片 1の移動が下地の硬 化体に拘束され、 剥離抵抗が増して結合の耐久性が大幅に向上する。  As described in claim 2, at least a part of the joint space 4 between the surface layer piece 1 and the adjacent surface layer piece 1 is provided with the joint body 34, and the joint body 34 is buried and adhered to the cured body 3 by protruding or the like. Combine and integrate. In this case, the movement of the individual surface layer pieces 1 due to the applied load is restrained by the underlying hardened body, the peeling resistance is increased, and the durability of the bond is greatly improved.
なお、 請求項 3に記載したように、 表層片 1の裏側に、 凹凸を加工して溝あるい は保持腕 7を設ける、 硬化体 3も倣うので結合強度がさらに高くなる。 特に、 焼き付 け加工や接着などで局部的に突き出たゴムなどの保持腕 7を加工すると、 保持腕 7の 硬化体 3による保持作用で、 表層片 1 と硬化体 3の剥離を拘束するので、 両者の結合 強度が向上する。 保持腕 7が硬化体 3の中にアンダーカツ 卜で保持されると、 結合強 度は一層向上する。  As described in claim 3, grooves or holding arms 7 are provided on the back side of the surface layer piece 1 by processing irregularities. Since the cured body 3 also follows, the bonding strength is further increased. In particular, if the holding arm 7 made of rubber or the like that protrudes locally by baking or bonding is processed, the holding action of the holding body 7 by the hardened body 3 restrains the separation of the surface layer piece 1 and the hardened body 3. The bonding strength between the two is improved. When the holding arm 7 is held in the cured body 3 with an undercut, the bonding strength is further improved.
なお、 請求項 4に記載したように、 独立した複数のブロックを網状体 5でュニッ 卜として連結すると、 現場における配列ブロックの間隔や方向が格段に精度を向上す るので弱点の発生を防ぎ、 また、 車両負荷によるずれに対し周辺のブロックが網状体 5を介して協同で抵抗するので、 ずれ抵抗力が大幅に向上する。 加えて、 多数のプロ ックを結合したュニッ 卜では、 クレーンゃュニックなどの運搬手段で多数をまとめて 取り扱えるので施工能率が大幅に向上する利点も得られる。 なお、 請求項 5に記載したようなブロックでは、 図 2に見るように、 車輪軸に平 行な横切断線 1 1 とこれに直交する辺の縁線 1 2とが互いに略直交する。 このように 配列して施工することによって、 表層の裏面特有の湾曲形状が一方向に揃ったり、 同 一面に揃ったりすることを防ぐことができる。 このため接着部には、 特有の三次元起 伏ができる。 この起伏は、 2方向のずれに強力に抵抗するので長期間に渡って表層片 のずれ移動や剥離を防ぐことが出来る。 加えて、 トレッ ドパタンが、 二方向に防滑し てスリップ事故防止に寄与する。 As described in claim 4, when a plurality of independent blocks are connected as a unit by the mesh member 5, the interval and direction of the arrangement blocks at the site are significantly improved, so that the generation of weak points is prevented. In addition, the peripheral blocks cooperate with each other via the mesh body 5 to resist the displacement due to the vehicle load, so that the displacement resistance greatly improves. In addition, a unit with a large number of pro- cks can be handled collectively by a transportation means such as a crane tunic, which has the advantage of greatly improving construction efficiency. In addition, in the block as described in claim 5, as shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal cutting line 11 parallel to the wheel axis and the edge line 12 of the side perpendicular to the cutting line 11 are substantially orthogonal to each other. By arranging in this manner, it is possible to prevent the curved shape peculiar to the back surface of the surface layer from being aligned in one direction or being aligned on the same surface. For this reason, a unique three-dimensional undulation can be formed in the bonded part. This undulation strongly resists displacement in two directions, so that displacement and detachment of the surface layer piece can be prevented for a long period of time. In addition, a tread pattern prevents slippage in two directions, contributing to the prevention of slip accidents.
なお、 請求項 6に記載したように、 サンドイッチ状に重ねて一体化したブロック では、 図 5 に見るように、 表層と硬化体を [硬化体一表層一硬化体]と重ねられる。 こ れは、 [表層一硬化体一表層]のように配列してもよい。 こうすることによって、 特有 な粘弾性機能が生じ、 ブロックの変形機能 ·遮音性 ·防水性 ·震動吸収性などを強化 することができる。  In addition, as described in claim 6, in the block which is integrated in a sandwich shape, as shown in FIG. 5, the surface layer and the cured body are overlapped with [cured body / surface layer / cured body]. This may be arranged as [surface layer-cured body-surface layer]. By doing so, a unique viscoelastic function is generated, and the deformation function of the block, sound insulation, waterproofing, and vibration absorption can be enhanced.
また請求項 7に記載したように、 接着部 2の少なく とも一部に炭素繊維のような 通電 ·マイクロ波 ·高周波などの電力による発熱材料を用いると、 選択的な加熱がで きる。 したがって、 接着部 2が熱可塑性材の場合には、 任意の時間を定めて硬化体 3 を加熱接着したり、 溶融して剥離させたりできる。 これにより接着部を独立した膜と して製作したり、表層片の位置ゃ打設した硬化体を修正したりすることができるので、 ブロック製造が容易になる。 加えて、 磨耗などでブロック交換するとき、 加熱によつ て表層片 1の除去や交換作業が容易になるので補修や処理の費用を大幅に低下させる 利点が得られる。  Further, as described in claim 7, when at least a part of the bonding portion 2 is made of a heat-generating material such as carbon fiber by electric power, microwave, high frequency or the like, selective heating can be performed. Therefore, when the bonding portion 2 is made of a thermoplastic material, the cured body 3 can be heated and bonded at an arbitrary time, or can be melted and peeled off at an arbitrary time. This makes it possible to manufacture the bonded portion as an independent film or to modify the position of the surface layer piece and the cured body that has been cast, thereby facilitating the manufacture of the block. In addition, when a block is replaced due to wear or the like, the removal and replacement work of the surface layer piece 1 are facilitated by heating, so that an advantage that the cost of repair and treatment is greatly reduced can be obtained.
また請求項 8に記載したように、 硬化体の中に板状の不連続空間のセパレイタ 3 3を設けると、 供用開始後の震動や下地の移動により生じた負荷を受けても、 ブロッ クの破壊面がセパレイタ 3 3の位置に強制され、 ここに限定して亀裂が発生する。 こ のためプロックの無秩序な変動や破壊を防ぎ、 結合の耐久性を大きく向上させること が出来る。 該セパレイタ 3 3は区分的な空間でも、 小板片を埋め殺した空間でも同様In addition, as described in claim 8, if a plate-shaped discontinuous space 33 is provided in the hardened body, even if a load caused by vibrations or movement of the groundwork after the start of operation, the blockage can be prevented. The fracture surface of the crack is forced to the position of the separator 33, and a crack is generated only here. As a result, random fluctuation and destruction of the block can be prevented, and the durability of the connection can be greatly improved. The separator is the same in a piecewise space or in a space where small platelets are buried.
：発生亀裂を呼び集める機能を発揮する, 図面の簡単な説明 ： Exhibits the function of collecting and assembling the generated cracks.
第 1図は、 車両騒音低下と除氷のためにブロックを舗装に用いた 1実施例におけ る縦断面図であり、 第 2図の AB線における断面を示す。 （実施例 1 )  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment in which a block is used for pavement for reducing vehicle noise and deicing, and shows a section taken along line AB in FIG. (Example 1)
第 2図は、 実施例 1の上面図であり、 本図における AB線の縦断面図を図 1に示 す。 （実施例 1 )  FIG. 2 is a top view of the first embodiment, and FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross-sectional view taken along a line AB in FIG. (Example 1)
第 3図は、実施例 2における製作手順の説明を目的とした縦断面図である。 （実施 例 2 )  FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view for the purpose of explaining the manufacturing procedure in Example 2. (Example 2)
第 4図は、 表層を上に配列した場合の断面図である。 （実施例 2 )  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view when the surface layer is arranged above. (Example 2)
第 5図は、実施例 3における表層を內側に配列した場合の縦断面図である。 （実施 例 3 )  FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view when the surface layer in Example 3 is arranged on the 內 side. (Example 3)
なお、 符号の説明は次のようである : The explanation of the symbols is as follows :
1 表層片  1 Surface piece
2 接着部  2 Adhesive part
3 硬化体  3 Cured body
4 目地空間  4 Joint space
5 網状体 保持腕 5 mesh Holding arm
表面パターン  Surface pattern
横切断線  Horizontal cutting line
1 2  1 2
2 2 凍結防止液 2 2 Antifreeze liquid
3 3 セパレイタ  3 3 Separator
34 目地体 発明を実施するための最良の形態  34 best mode for carrying out the invention
本発明による一般的なブロックは、 主にタイヤのトレッ ド部を用い、 1枚から任 意の枚数までを組み合わせて一個のブロックを製作する。 ブロックは、 一辺 1 20m mの正方形に成形して表層片 1 とし、 これを 4枚一組で 1個のブロックに使用する。 該表層片の間隔を 4 mmとして配列する。 まず、 トレッ ドの裏側を上にしてァスファ ルトを塗布し、 この上にコンクリートを打設する。 ゴム厚が 1 0mm、 アスファルト 厚 l mmの場合はコンクリート打設厚を 19mm とする。 ゴム厚の変化に応じて打設 厚を変え、 2 4 6x24 6x30mmのブロックに成型する。 コンクリートが硬化する とゴムの表層片とコンクリ一卜硬化体が一体化し、 ブロックが完成する。 これは、 目 地間隔が 4 mmとして l mに 4枚並ぶので、 1平米の正方形面積に 16枚の割合で配列 される。 これらをコンクリートや敷き砂の下地 6に配列すると、 多機能のブロック舗 装になり、 垂直に用いるとゴム壁が得られる。 この方法によって表層片の厚さの差異 に関係無くゴム片を貼ったブロックの厚さを所望の厚さにコン トロールすることが可 能になり、 ゴム片は強度が高く、 硬化体と密着して耐久的に結合する, このプロックの実施例の一つを、 実施例 1の施工完了時の縦断面図である第 1図 を参照して説明すると、 次のようなものである。 まず、 ゴムタイヤのトレッ ド部を切 断して取り出した正方形のゴム片を表層片 1 とし、 方形の平板状に成形し、 該ゴム片 をプロックの表面を覆う位置に配置する。 アスファルトを表層片 1の裏側に塗布して 接着部 2を形成する。 この接着部 2の上に直接コンクリートを打設する。 このコンク リートは、 ブロック全体を定められた形状に打設形成する。 その後の硬化によって一 定強度の硬化体 3が形成され、 表層片 1 と硬化体 3とを接着部 2で接合して一体化す る。 表層片 1にアスファルトの接着部 2を付着させ、 コンクリー卜を硬化体 3として 打設硬化させ、 接着を待ってゴム張りのブロックを完成した。 これらのブロックを路 面の下地 6に配列すると、 車両の走行騒音を著しく低下させ、 かつ、 表面の結氷が通 過車両で容易に除去され滑り事故を防ぐことができる。また、遮音、防水、衝撃緩和、 洗掘防止などの目的で壁に用いることもできる。 A general block according to the present invention mainly uses a tread portion of a tire and combines one to an arbitrary number to produce one block. The blocks are formed into a square with a side length of 120 mm to form a surface layer piece 1, which is used as a block of four pieces. The surface pieces are arranged at an interval of 4 mm. First, asphalt is applied with the back side of the tread facing up, and concrete is poured on top of this. When the rubber thickness is 10 mm and the asphalt thickness is l mm, the concrete casting thickness is 19 mm. The casting thickness is changed according to the change of the rubber thickness, and it is molded into a block of 2 4 6x24 6x30mm. When the concrete hardens, the rubber surface layer and the hardened concrete are integrated, and the block is completed. This means that 4 sheets are arranged in lm with a joint spacing of 4 mm, so that 16 sheets are arranged in a square area of 1 square meter. When these are arranged on a concrete or paving ground 6, it becomes a multifunctional block pavement, and when used vertically, a rubber wall is obtained. This method makes it possible to control the thickness of the block on which the rubber piece is applied to a desired thickness regardless of the difference in the thickness of the surface piece, and the rubber piece has high strength and adheres tightly to the cured body. And durably combine, One example of this block will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 which is a vertical cross-sectional view of Example 1 at the time of completion of construction. First, a square rubber piece cut out of a tread portion of a rubber tire and taken out is used as a surface layer piece 1, formed into a rectangular flat plate, and placed at a position covering the surface of the block. Asphalt is applied to the back side of the surface layer piece 1 to form an adhesive portion 2. Concrete is poured directly onto the bonding portion 2. This concrete is formed by casting the entire block into a predetermined shape. The cured product 3 having a certain strength is formed by the subsequent curing, and the surface layer piece 1 and the cured product 3 are joined by the bonding portion 2 to be integrated. The asphalt bonding portion 2 was adhered to the surface layer piece 1, and the concrete was cast and cured as a cured body 3. After the bonding, a rubber-coated block was completed. By arranging these blocks on the ground 6 on the road surface, the running noise of the vehicle is significantly reduced, and ice on the surface is easily removed by the passing vehicle, thereby preventing a slip accident. It can also be used on walls for sound insulation, waterproofing, impact mitigation, and prevention of scouring.
請求項 1に記載したように、 接着部 2がアスファルトスであるから、 低温時に表 層片 1 と硬化体 3の間に発生した部分的な剥離が高温時に修復される。 加えて、 表層 の接着と剥離を加熱と加圧によつて容易にコント口ールすることが出来るので施工や 補修が容易になる。  As described in claim 1, since the bonding portion 2 is made of asphalt, the partial peeling generated between the surface layer piece 1 and the cured body 3 at a low temperature is repaired at a high temperature. In addition, the adhesion and peeling of the surface layer can be easily controlled by applying heat and pressure, which facilitates construction and repair.
請求項 2に記載したように、 硬化体 3の一部が、 目地体 3 4としてゴム片間の目 地空間 4の一部に押し出されている。 これは表層片 1の受ける水平作用力を硬化体 3 に伝えて抵抗する機能を持ち、 プラスチックや金属などの形成品を埋設して代用する ことも出来る。  As described in claim 2, a part of the cured body 3 is extruded as a joint body 34 into a part of the joint space 4 between the rubber pieces. This has the function of transmitting the horizontal acting force received by the surface layer piece 1 to the hardened body 3 and resisting it, and it can be replaced by burying a formed product such as plastic or metal.
請求項 4に記載したように、 ゴムの保持腕 7が焼き付け加工されて、 硬化体 3に 埋設されている。 該保持腕 7は表層片 1の剥離と移動を防ぎ、 交通の安全を保障する 機能を発揮している。なお、保持腕 7を先太にしたり、保持腕に穴を開けたりすると、 保持腕 7が硬化体 3のアンダー力ッ 卜に保持されるので、 接合強度が大きくなる。 As described in claim 4, the rubber holding arm 7 is baked and embedded in the hardened body 3. The holding arm 7 prevents the surface piece 1 from peeling and moving, and ensures traffic safety. It is functioning. If the holding arm 7 is made thicker or a hole is formed in the holding arm, the holding arm 7 is held by the undercut of the hardened body 3, so that the bonding strength increases.
請求項 5に記載したように、 独立ブロックが網状体 5で連結され、 施工能率を上 げるとともに、 局部的な水平力を他のブロックに伝えて分散するため剥離を防止する 機能を発揮している。  As described in claim 5, the independent blocks are connected by the mesh body 5, thereby improving the construction efficiency and exhibiting a function of preventing local peeling by transmitting local horizontal force to other blocks and preventing them from being separated. ing.
第 2図は、 上述の実施例 1の上面図である。 請求項 6に記載したように、 横切断 線 1 1 と縁線 1 2を直交させている。 タイヤの裏に僅かながらある起伏が、 接着面に 複雑な凹凸形状を作り、 ずれに対する抵抗を增すとともに表面パターンの単調化を防 いで美観を向上する。  FIG. 2 is a top view of the first embodiment. As described in claim 6, the transverse cutting line 11 and the edge line 12 are orthogonal to each other. The slight undulations on the back of the tire create complex irregularities on the adhesive surface, increase the resistance to slippage and prevent the surface pattern from becoming monotonous, improving the appearance.
第 3図は、 一般的な製作手順を説明する縦断面図である。 方形の古タイヤ加エゴ ム片を表層片 1 として配列し、 アスファルトスを流して接着部 2を準備する。 途中に 網状体 5を埋設してアスファルトスの上に直接コンクリ一トを打設し、 コンクリート の硬化とアスファルトスによる接着を待つ。 2枚の表層片 1の右側は横切断線 1 1が 斜めになつている。 タイヤを放射状に等分に分割すると、 場合によってはこの角度が 大きい。 トレッド部を長方形としてタイヤから切り取るとき、 車輪の進行方向に平行 な縁線 1 2を加工し、 表層の配列時に対面する該両線の切断面を略平行にすると目地 4付近からのゴムの磨耗を大きく軽減し、 車両の乗り心地を向上する。  FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view for explaining a general manufacturing procedure. A square old tire rubber piece is arranged as a surface layer piece 1, and asphalt is flown to prepare an adhesive portion 2. The mesh 5 is buried on the way, and concrete is poured directly on the asphalt, and the concrete is hardened and the asphalt is bonded. On the right side of the two surface pieces 1, a horizontal cutting line 11 is oblique. If the tire is divided equally into radials, this angle may be large in some cases. When cutting the tread from a tire as a rectangle, the edge line 12 parallel to the traveling direction of the wheel is processed, and if the cut surfaces of both lines facing each other when the surface layer is arranged are made substantially parallel, rubber wear from near joint 4 Significantly reduce the vehicle's riding comfort.
第 4図は、 第 3図を倒置したもので、 車止めや護岸などゴムを表面に固定する 用途に用いる場合の縦断面図である。  Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of Fig. 3, which is inverted, and is used for fixing rubber to the surface such as a car stop or seawall.
第 5図は、 トレッ ドの表面パターン側を接着して、 凍結防止液の散布システム に加工した実施例の縦断面図である。 請求項 8に記載したように、 上下の硬化体中に ゴムの表層片をサンドイッチ状に挟む。 表層片の厚さや重ね枚数を増すと、 ゴム弾性 変位量が增す。 このようなブロックを凍結防止液 2 2の池の中に配列すると、 通過車 両の荷重でブロックの表面が下がり凍結防止液 2 2を車両のタイヤトレツドに塗布す る。 この液は路面に塗布されて広がるので、 液の散布範囲が拡大し凍結を防ぐ。 夏期 は該液を水に代え得て散水システムとして利用する。 産業上の利用可能性 FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the surface pattern side of the tread is adhered and processed into a system for spraying an antifreeze liquid. As described in claim 8, a rubber surface layer piece is sandwiched between upper and lower cured bodies. Increasing the thickness of the surface layer pieces and the number of layers increases rubber elasticity. The amount of displacement is small. When such blocks are arranged in the pond of the antifreeze liquid 22, the surface of the block lowers due to the load of the passing vehicle, and the antifreeze liquid 22 is applied to the tire tread of the vehicle. Since this liquid is applied to the road surface and spreads, the spraying range of the liquid is expanded and freezing is prevented. In summer, the liquid can be replaced with water and used as a watering system. Industrial applicability
以上説明したように本発明のゴム貼りのプロックは、 ゴム層の厚さに係らず所望の 設計寸法のプロックを簡単で安価な方法で製作し、 硬化体との接着面形状に係らず密 着した接着面で接合して耐久性を増大し、 車両通行など大きい負荷に耐える接合強度 を確保し、接合面が複雑な形状の平面になるので接着面のせん断強度を大幅に向上し、 舗装に用いて騒音レベルと反響音を低下させ、 通過車両による表面結氷の除去を可能 にするなどの効果を奏する。 また、 護岸や溝など流下物との摩擦によって磨耗すると ころに用いて耐久性を向上する。 また、 塀、 壁、 車止め踏み石など用いると、 反響音 を低下させたり、 人や物が衝突して生ずるけがや損傷を防いだりすることによって、 環境を快適で安全にする効果がある。加えてゴム材などの使用後の廃棄処理において、 発生する熱やガスが他の方法より減少するので、 地球環境の汚染防止にも寄与する効 果がある。  As described above, the rubber-adhered block of the present invention makes it possible to easily and inexpensively produce a block having desired design dimensions regardless of the thickness of the rubber layer, and to adhere the block regardless of the shape of the bonding surface with the cured body. Bonding with the bonded surface to increase durability, secure the bonding strength to withstand heavy loads such as vehicle traffic, and greatly improve the shear strength of the bonded surface as the bonding surface becomes a complex flat surface. It reduces the noise level and reverberation noise, and has the effect of enabling the passing vehicles to remove surface icing. It is also used where it is worn due to friction with flowing materials such as revetments and ditches to improve durability. The use of fences, walls, stepping stones, etc., has the effect of making the environment comfortable and safe by reducing the reverberation noise and preventing injuries and damage caused by collision of people and objects. In addition, heat and gas generated during the disposal of rubber materials after use are reduced compared to other methods, which also contributes to preventing pollution of the global environment.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
1 . 次のような構成で、  1. With the following configuration,
a 表層片が供用時におけるブロックの表面の少なく とも一部になる位置に配 置され、  a It is placed at a position where the surface piece becomes at least a part of the surface of the block during operation,
b 該表層片が該位置における所望の物性を持ち、  b the surface piece has desired physical properties at the position,
c 接着部が瀝青材料のような粘着性または遅れ接着性を持ち、  c The adhesive has tacky or delayed adhesive properties like bituminous material,
d 該接着部が該表層片の裏側の少なく とも一部に直接に接触し、  d the adhesive portion directly contacts at least a part of the back side of the surface layer piece;
e コンク リー トのような時間硬化する硬化材料が該接着部に直接して打設さ れ密着した境界面を形成し、  e A hardening material that hardens over time, such as concrete, is cast directly onto the adhesive to form an intimate interface,
f 該硬化材料が、適宜量打設されて該ブロックの全体を一定寸法に形成するよ うに硬化体を形成し  f The hardened material is formed into a hardened body such that the hardened material is poured in an appropriate amount to form the entire block into a certain size.
g 該硬化材料が硬化して該硬化体が設計強度以上に達し、  g The cured material is cured and the cured body reaches the design strength or more,
h 該表層片と該硬化体とが該接着部を介して設計強度以上の強度で結合し、 一体化したことを特徴とする表層片を付着したブロック。  h A block to which the surface layer piece is adhered, wherein the surface layer piece and the cured body are bonded to each other with a strength equal to or higher than a design strength through the adhesive portion and integrated.
2 . 二つの表層片 1の間にある目地空間 4の少なく とも一部に、 目地体 34を設け、 接着 ·埋設または突き出しによって該目地体が硬化体 3と一体化したことを特徴 とする請求項 1記載の表層片を付着したプロック。 2. A joint body 34 is provided in at least a part of the joint space 4 between the two surface layer pieces 1, and the joint body is integrated with the hardened body 3 by bonding, embedding, or protruding. A block to which the surface layer piece according to item 1 is attached.
3 . 表層片 1の裏側に加工して溝あるいは保持腕 7による凹凸を設けたことを特徴 とする請求項 1記載の表層片を付着したプロック。 3. The block to which the surface layer piece is adhered according to claim 1, characterized in that the back side of the surface layer piece 1 is processed to be provided with a groove or unevenness by the holding arm 7.
4 . 独立したブロックの複数個を網状体 5で連結したことを特徴とする請求項 1記 載の表層片を付着したプロック。 4. The block according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of independent blocks are connected by a mesh body.
5 . タイヤの回転軸に平行な横切断線 11と回転面に平行な縁線 12とで囲まれた略方 形のタイヤの断片からなる 2枚の隣接する表層片 1において、相互の横切断線 11 と縁線 12 とが互いに略直交して配列されたことを特徴とする請求項 1記載の表 層片を付着したブロック。 5. Mutual cross-cuts between two adjacent surface strips 1 consisting of approximately rectangular tire fragments surrounded by a cross-section line 11 parallel to the tire rotation axis and an edge line 12 parallel to the rotation plane 2. The block according to claim 1, wherein the line 11 and the edge line 12 are arranged substantially orthogonal to each other.
6 . 該表層片 1を付着したブロックの複数個をサンドイッチ状に重ねて一体化した 配列構造を特徴とする請求項 1記載の表層片を付着したプロック。 6. The block to which the surface layer piece is attached according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an array structure in which a plurality of blocks to which the surface layer piece 1 is attached are stacked in a sandwich form and integrated.
7 . 該接着部 2の少なく とも一部に炭素体のような電力による発熱材料を用いたこ とを特徴とする請求項 1記載の表層片を付着したブロック。  7. The block according to claim 1, wherein a heat-generating material by electric power, such as a carbon body, is used for at least a part of the bonding portion 2.
8 . 該硬化体の中に該表層片の表面とほぼ直交する板状の不連続空間のセパレイタ 3 3を設けたことを特徴とする請求項 1記載の表層片を付着したブロック。  8. The block to which a surface layer piece is adhered according to claim 1, wherein a plate-shaped discontinuous space separator 33 substantially orthogonal to the surface of the surface layer piece is provided in the cured body.
PCT/JP2003/001155 2002-02-07 2003-02-05 Block having surface layer piece attached thereto WO2003066966A1 (en)

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US20050257470A1 (en) 2005-11-24
AU2003244356A1 (en) 2003-09-02

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