WO2003056110A1

WO2003056110A1 - The filling building blocks

Info

Publication number: WO2003056110A1
Application number: PCT/HR2002/000017
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ivo Popovic
Original assignee: Ivo Popovic
Priority date: 2002-01-02
Filing date: 2002-03-26
Publication date: 2003-07-10
Also published as: HRP20020001A2

Abstract

The system of big size hollow filling blocks for load-bearing walls comprises two group of the blocks; -for outer load-bearing walls (5 models); -for internal load-bearing walls (4 models). All those blocks have one fully open cavity (23) on the upper and bottom bearing surfaces, with cavity's sides bigger opening (21) on the all sides of the block, exept the one (25) that is placed on the surface of the wall. In the building procedure, dry hollow blocks are laid (as masonry bond) then bonded by metal connectors (26,27), or by binding wire, or by tighten plastic band in order to prevent locks movement during the filling. The wall courses are then filled with wet loam mixture that goes continously through open blocks cavities in all directions- vertically and horizontally, in block, between blocks and between wall courses. The filling after drying gets strength and become main structural element lf the monolithic load-bearing walls, as well as heat and sound insulation.

Description

THE F I L L IN G B U IL D IN G B L O C K S

Technical field This invention presents the system of big size, hollow, filling blocks in use for outer and internal load-bearing masonry walls with binder filling as main structural and in the same time insulating material of the walls. There are no use of mortar (cement, lime..),glue or similar means. Especially designed for eco-family houses and eco-villages. With the moist loam as filling, we obtain 100% ecological walls made from natural inexpensive materials ( burnt clay for blocks and wet loam for filling).

Background Art With increased ecological consciousness men have returned to natural products, hich as well refer to building materials and products used in bioecological buildings.One of tendencies is construction of tradicional earthen walls houses.The problems with such earthen outer walls are: they have low resistance to atmospheric influences,huge erosiortdusty surfaces and not satisfactory aesthetic.

Traditionally, the earthen walls are constructed in two ways: a) From adobe (sunbaked earth bricks with chopped straw as reinforcement ) in masonry with mortar as binding material. b) As rammed earth construction in double formwork which is removed after earth drying.

Disclosure of the Invention The main points of this invention is to find such solutions for loadbearing blocks /walls made from natural inexpensive materials (burnt clay for blocks and moist loam as binder filling) that will eliminate above mentioned problems as well as to avoid the use of mortar ( cement, lime or other technologically processed materials as binder). Secondly ,to get steady, firm,lasting end erosionfree walls surfaces. Third, to secure walls against harmful atmospheric influences , what is gained with the blocks themselves ( thanks to material: burnt clay as well as constructive details of the blocks themselves). The blocks of this system have the following purposes:

- permanent formwork for loam binder fillings;

- filling protection against atmospheric negative influences;

- additional thermoisolation of the wall;

- for facade ventilation;

- as solid base for final wall treatment;

- as ducts for installations;

- as final facade( if the blocks are made from better materials that satisfy facade request). On all four outer corners all the blocks have one smaller vertical hole (24) for metal connectors placing, that will fix ,in the process of loam binder filling ,two neighboring blocks (26) on the outer knot, and for fixing with metal connectors(27) four blocks diagonaly on the internal knot of outer walls. That blocks fixing,in the process of building,can be performed ,instead with metal connectors, with tighten plastic band or binding wire.

For outer walls, the thickness of the wall is achieved by two neighbouring blocks placed in such manner that their side openings( 21) are next to each other,and their closed sides (25) with small vertical holes(22) are on the wall's surfaces. So we got massive ,thick outer walls with good thermiosolating and sound barrier from the earth filling itself as well as stable microclimate in the house.

As for internal walls,one internal block create the thickness of the wall.

It is desirable to manufacture the all blocks in ISO coordination. In the spirit of this invention it is possible to produce that system of the blocks with different modification, in various dimensions and materials and to proposed blocks add some special blocks designed for particular position in the wall. The process of building is performed in such way that blocks of one course of the wall(s) are layed in dry,bonded by connectors (26,27)(to prevent movement of the layed blocks in the process of wet loam binder filling mixture). The whole course of layed blocks (one or more courses ) is filled with wet loam mixture.The filling is pressed or rammed so to fill up the walls layed in dry,bonded by connectors. The cavities (23) of the whole course of layed blocks of one or more walls are filled continuosly without interruption .Above this course then the succesive course of dry blocks is laid, taking into account masonry bond, without any bonded means( as mortar,glue,..); then ,this second course is filled with loam filling .

The process is the same for all successive courses.Thanks to upper and bottom openings on the bearing surfaces of the blocks,the filling of all courses is continuous,monolithic and unified. The filling of the whole wall is one unity. So we get monolithic walls with binder filling of wet loam mixture that after drying become firm, main structural element of the load-bearing walls.

The system of building blocks comprises nine hollow rectangular blocks that can be classificated in two groups :

First group:

Blocks for outer loadbearing walls differ between itself in size and constructions details caused by their function ,that is by place they have in wall .So we have,as presented in drawings the following type of blocks:

FIG. 1 : The base type that is mainly used in outer masonry( in all places exept: on the cornerSjConnection with internal wall,and by openings)

The block has following constructive characteristics: -one open cave(23)with maximal opening on the upper and bottom bearing surfaces,as well as with openings(21) on the three vertical sides. All those horizontal and vertical openings allow,in the process of masonry, uninterrupted passage of the wet loam filling mixture through blocks cavities:in and between blocks and wall coarses .In such way we get uniformly, continuosly filled blocks .The filling,after drying,gets strength and make monolithic structural walls.The closed side (25) is placed on the facade. FIG. 2 : The final block for : corner of outer walls as well by doors/windows openings with one or more rows of smaller vertical holes(22) placed by two adjacent outer sides.

FIG. 3 : The one- half block ( with half of the length comparing to base type) in use to get masonry bond between two consecutive layers. FIG. 4 : Bonder block, for bond outer and internal walls ,with all four open vertical sides(21).

FIG. 5 : Inner (corner) block of outer wall with cavity sides closed (unlike all other blocks) serves as formwork for concrete columns or for ventilation or chimney ducts.

Second group: Blocks for internal loadbearing walls.

FIG. 6 : The base type ( mainly used ).

FIG. 7 :The one- half block( half length of the base type).

FIG 8 : Final block ( by door opening and by free walls end) that has one or more rows of smaller vertical holes(22) by all three visible placed closed sides(25). FIG 9 : The one-half of final block( the same as block on FIG. 18,but two times shorter).

FIG. : 10 presents the plan of two successive ,outer and internal walls courses.

FIG. 11 presents the elevation of the two successive wall's courses.

FIG.: 12 presents axonometric design of outer and internal walls.

FIG.: 13 presents axonometric design of two outer walls with metal connectors(26,27).

FIG.: 14 presents axonometric detail ; blocks bonding with metal connectors (26,27 ). In essence,the blocks of the both groups are hollow, with one cavity(23) opened from upper and bottom side as well as from one,two or three vertical sides(21) ( exept the one (s) that is(are) visible(25) on the wall's surface that is(are) closed of course. The function of the block's openings, on upper and bottom bearing surfaces,as well as side's openings ( 21) is to allow the loam mixture to pass and fill up the blocks without interruption,horizontaly (between blocks)and verticaly (between wall's layers). So, the loam mixture is the binder filling that bond dry laid blocks in the monolithic wall which after loam's drying get structural bearing strength.

The blocks have one side( FIG: 1 and FIG:3),two side(FIG:2,6,7) or three side(FIG:8 and 9) vertical rows of smaller holes(22) that are placed to be on the wall's surfaces.Their roles are : -for outer walls: to increase thermo insulation and additionaly to protect filling from air humidity and to ventilate facade.

- for internal walls: for additional filling protection and installatoin cables and pipes placing. For lands with severe climate it is necessary to work out two or more vertical rows of smaller holes(22) placed on the closed side(s) (25) of the facade surfaces .

In the case when the blocks are final facade, they are supposed to be manufactured from better materials( clay with kaolin,terra-cotta,silicate,clinker,..).

Claims

C L A I M S

1. The system of rectangular load-bearing hollow filling blocks comprises two groups of the blocks: -Blocks for outer load -bearing walls, and

-Blocks for internal load-bearing walls. According to claim 1, all blocks are characterized by having one cavity(23 ) of the biggest possible dimensions.

2. The blocks cave (13) according to claim 2 are charactrized by full openings on the upper and bottom bearing surfaces of the block.

3. The blocks ( all exept the block on FIG.5) , in accordance with the claim 3, are characterized by side's openings ;one bigger side opening(21) on the each side exept the one(s) that is (are) visible.that is , placed on the wall surfaces.Each of the blocks (FIG:8 and FIG:9) has one side opening (21); the blocks (FIG:2, FIG:6and FIG: 7 ) have each two sides openings; the blocks ( FIG: 1 and FIG: 3 ) have each three sides openings ; the block FIG :4 has side openings on the all four sides.The claim 3 together with claim 1 permit that the all blocks can be filled continuously, without obstacles in horizontal as well as vertical directions, course by course, with wet loam binder filling to get monolithic structural walls.

The only exeption is the block FIG: 5, with all four sides closed and which is used for formwork or as ducts.

4. By claim 4, all the blocks are charactrized with one smaller hole ( 24 ) placed at all four outer corners of the block.Those holes(24) are supports for metal connectors(26,27) which are supposed to bond blocks , that is ,to prevent the block's movement during loam filling.

5. The blocks are, according to claim 5 , characterized by using metal connectors for blocks bonding during the process of filling: alongside ( 26 ) for two neighbouring blocks or diagonaly (27 ) for inner knot of the four blocks. Tighten plastic band or binding wire can also be used for blocks bonding.

6. The blocks are , according to claim 6, characterized by having one ( FIG :1 and FIG : 3 ), or two adjacent ( FIG: 2) or opposite sides ( FIG : 6 and FIG : 7 ) or three

( FIG. 8 and FIG : 9 )closed side( s ) with one or more rows of the smaller vertical holes (22) . That is .closed block's side( s) are placed in a such manner to form wall's surfaces, The roles of vertical rows of small holes (22) are : - to protect inner loam filling from negative atmospheric influences ; as addditional thermoinsulation of the wall;

- as facade' air ventilations ducts;

- ( for internal walls ) as installation ( electro, plumbing,heating ) ducts.

7. The hollow filling blocks for load-bearing outer and internal walls,as in above written claims ,fully as above described and ilustrated in align drawings.