WO2003055829A1 - Explosive for rock breaking - Google Patents
Explosive for rock breaking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003055829A1 WO2003055829A1 PCT/ZA2002/000210 ZA0200210W WO03055829A1 WO 2003055829 A1 WO2003055829 A1 WO 2003055829A1 ZA 0200210 W ZA0200210 W ZA 0200210W WO 03055829 A1 WO03055829 A1 WO 03055829A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- propellant
- oxygen source
- source material
- composition according
- propellant composition
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C06B31/12—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/22—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/52—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/28—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the component base containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the breaking of rock and more particularly is concerned with a propellant which can be used for the breaking of rock and with a method of manufacturing a propellant of this type.
- rock includes rock, ore, coal, concrete and any similar hard mass, whether above or underground, which is difficult to break or fracture. It is to be understood that “rock” is to be interpreted broadly.
- PCF penetrating cone fractures
- combustion products are produced.
- the combustion products may be toxic or harmful to the health of persons in the vicinity thereof.
- Another factor which is to be taken into account is that incomplete or imperfect combustion may lead to a reduction in the amount of energy generated by the combustion process.
- the burning rate of the propellant is related to this aspect. If the propellant burns too slowly then the rate at which energy is released is reduced and the ability of the propellant to initiate rock fracture is also reduced.
- the propellant burns too fast then it may burn at a temperature which is so high that the propellant effectively functions as an explosive and, for safety reasons, the propellant must then be classified as an explosive. Classification in this way places severe restrictions on the storage, handling and use of the propellant.
- the invention provides a propellant composition which includes a propellant material and an oxygen source material.
- the propellant composition may be in particulate form and each particle in the particulate composition may include propellant material and oxygen source material.
- Each particle may include a granule of propellant material which is coated, preferably only partly, with the oxygen source material.
- each particle is a mixture at least of the propellant material and the oxygen source material.
- the propellant material may be of any appropriate type which is known in the art and preferably is nitrocellulose which may be provided, as indicated, in granular form.
- the oxygen source material may be of any suitable kind and for example may be ammonium nitrate.
- the propellant composition is in liquid form.
- a liquid has the advantage, over particulate material, that it is essentially non-compressible. Consequently, when initiated, a greater expansive force is generated than for a particular material.
- the liquid may include nitrocellulose as propellant and, optionally, nitro glycerine as an enhancer.
- the liquid propellant may be a single, double or compound base type.
- the oxygen source material may be ammonium nitrate or any similar material.
- the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a propellant composition which includes the step of mixing a granular propellant material with an oxygen source material thereby to coat the propellant granules, at least partly, with a layer of oxygen source material.
- the oxygen source material may be ammonium nitrate or any equivalent material.
- the oxygen source material may be coated onto the propellant granules using any appropriate technique and preferably use is made of a technique which is similar to that use for cladding diamond particles with metal as developed by companies such as De Beers Industrial Diamonds or Boart. It is also possible to waterproof the propellant using any appropriate technique which, for example, coats the propellant granules with a waterproof or water resistant film or layer. Use may for example be made of a film, eg. of nitrocellulose, which is coated onto the granules using an appropriate technique such as chemical vapour deposition.
- a method of manufacturing a propellant composition which includes the step of mixing a particulate propellant material with an oxygen source material thereby to form particles wherein each particle is a mixture of the propellant and the oxygen source material.
- the invention also provides rock breaking apparatus which includes a cartridge which forms an enclosure and a propellant composition of the aforementioned kind inside the enclosure.
- the cartridge may be made from a malleable material which in this specification includes a material which is capable of plastic deformation, without rupturing, by at least a predetermined extent eg. of the order of 10% or more.
- propellant includes a material such as a propellant, blasting agent, gas-evolving substance, explosive or similar means which, once initiated, generates high pressure jet material typically at least partly in gaseous form.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a particle of a propellant composition produced by the manufacturing method shown in Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 of a different form of a propellant particle
- Figure 4 illustrates a cartridge which makes use of a propellant composition according to the invention for breaking rock.
- FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates, somewhat schematically, a method according to the invention for manufacturing a propellant composition.
- Propellant particles 10 such as nitrocellulose, in granular form, are supplied to a mixer 12.
- the propellant particles are suitably small, for example with an effective diameter of between 0,2mm to 1mm.
- An oxygen source material is held in a container 14 and is supplied at a desired rate, relatively to the supply rate of the propellant, to the mixer 12.
- the oxygen source material may vary according to requirement and for example is ammonium nitrate.
- the oxygen source material is in liquid form.
- the mixer 12 is mechanically agitated to ensure thorough mixing of the propellant with the oxygen source material.
- the various particles of the granular propellant are coated to a greater or lesser extent with the oxygen source material.
- Figure 2 illustrates in cross section a typical composite particle 16 which includes a granular core 18 of propellant, ie. nitrocellulose, and an outer coating 20 of oxygen source material, ie. ammonium nitrate, which extends over an outer surface of the core.
- the coating 20 preferably does not cover the entire core 18 and leaves at least a small section 22 of the core exposed.
- the thickness of the coating and the extent of the coating determine the amount of oxygen source material which is available, in relation to the amount of the core propellant.
- ammonium nitrate may be coated onto the propellant particles or grains by using techniques which are analogous or similar to the techniques developed by De Beers Industrial Diamonds and Boart, and other companies, for the cladding of diamond particles with metal.
- the composite propellant/oxygen source material in granular form, is output to a cartridge filling device 26.
- An object of the invention in this respect is to make available additional oxygen by means of the source material 20 to allow the combustion process to proceed more fully so that the quantity of undesirable combustion products produced by the burning process is reduced.
- the propellant particles may be waterproofed using any appropriate technique although a preferred route to be followed, in this connection, is to apply a film or coating of nitrocellulose lacquer to the propellant particles using chemical vapour deposition or other appropriate techniques.
- Figure 3 illustrates an alternative form of the invention wherein a composite propellant particle 30 is produced by the mixer 12 and wherein the particle includes propellant particles 32 and oxygen source material particles 34 which are held in a matrix 36.
- the matrix 36 may be any appropriate binder which is combustible or of an explosive nature and which is introduced from a source 38 during the mixing process. Again the intention is to bring into close proximity with each other particles of oxygen source material and propellant to ensure that when the burning process takes place adequate oxygen is available to effectively complete the combustion process.
- the mixture is capable of separating or stratifying, depending on the transport or storage conditions, into distinct pockets of propellant and oxygen source material.
- the oxygen source material acts as a deflagratory agent, ie. burn agent, which increases the burn rate of the propellant. This increases the energy release rate which results from the burning propellant. Despite the increase in the energy release rate the ignition temperature is reduced.
- the propellant thus becomes capable of exhibiting properties, from the energy release point of view, which are associated with substances normally classified as explosives. It is believed however that the propellant will still accurately be classifiable as a propellant and not as an explosive despite its enhanced properties.
- the propellant composition is provided in liquid form and comprises a mixture of a liquid propellant eg. nitrocellulose, and oxygen source material in liquid form, eg. ammonium nitrate.
- the composition may include an enhancer, eg. nitro glycerine, and may thus be of a double base type, or have a compound base.
- Figure 4 illustrates one manner in which the propellant which is produced by the method shown in Figure 1 , can be used.
- a hole 50 is drilled into a rock mass 52 from a face 54 using conventional drilling equipment, not shown.
- a cartridge 56 is loaded into the hole.
- the cartridge has a flat base 58 which engages closely with an end of the hole, and a generally cylindrical side wall 60.
- the cartridge forms an enclosure for a propellant material 64 which is produced by the method described in connection with Figure 1 and which is loaded into the cartridge during the step 26 under factory conditions.
- An initiator 66 of any appropriate type, is loaded into the cartridge preferably on site.
- Control wires 68 from the initiator to a control unit, not shown, which is used in a known manner for initiating the blasting process.
- Stemming 70 is placed into the hole 50 from the rock face covering the cartridge to a desired extent and is tamped in position.
- the propellant 64 is ignited by the firing the initiator 66 and when this happens high pressure jet material is released as a consequence of the combustion process.
- the cartridge is designed to contain the expanding high pressure jet material and is allowed to deform outwardly, without rupturing, so that the cartridge is forced into sealing contact with an opposing surface of the wall of the hole 50.
- the high pressure jet material is initially confined by the cartridge and the cartridge is allowed to fracture at a desired point or region which means that the force which is released by the combusting propellant is then directed onto a chosen surface of the wall of the hole in order to fracture the rock.
- a propellant according to the invention in a rock breaking process of the type shown in Figure 4 means that the capability of the propellant to release energy is increased while the production of harmful by-products is reduced. As noted, if the propellant is correctly formulated, the resulting product can still accurately be classified as a propellant and not as an explosive.
- the propellant composition can be provided in liquid form.
- the liquid is, for all practical purposes, incompressible and thus, when initiated, produces a pressure wave which can have a more rapidly rising leading edge than the particulate composition.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002360868A AU2002360868A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-12-17 | Explosive for rock breaking |
CA002471460A CA2471460A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-12-17 | Explosive for rock breaking |
EP02796157A EP1472200A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-12-17 | Explosive for rock breaking |
US10/880,621 US20050132921A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-07-01 | Explosive for rock breaking |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA2001/5468 | 2002-01-03 | ||
ZA200105468 | 2002-01-03 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/880,621 Continuation US20050132921A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-07-01 | Explosive for rock breaking |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003055829A1 true WO2003055829A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
Family
ID=25589224
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ZA2002/000210 WO2003055829A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-12-17 | Explosive for rock breaking |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1472200A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002360868A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2471460A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003055829A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE527001A (en) * | ||||
US1455309A (en) * | 1922-06-07 | 1923-05-15 | Atlas Powder Co | Propulsive blasting explosive |
GB591755A (en) * | 1945-05-16 | 1947-08-27 | Edward Whitworth | Improvements in or relating to low density blasting explosives |
FR973531A (en) * | 1941-09-10 | 1951-02-12 | M Le Secretaire D Etat A La Pr | Mine explosive and its manufacturing process |
US2548688A (en) * | 1947-04-18 | 1951-04-10 | Ici Ltd | Nitrocellulose-containing composition and process of preparing same |
GB701105A (en) * | 1950-09-12 | 1953-12-16 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to blasting explosives |
US3736196A (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1973-05-29 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Preparation of explosive nitric ester gels |
AU488809B2 (en) * | 1974-04-03 | 1975-10-09 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Composition for breaking rockand concrete |
-
2002
- 2002-12-17 AU AU2002360868A patent/AU2002360868A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-17 WO PCT/ZA2002/000210 patent/WO2003055829A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-17 CA CA002471460A patent/CA2471460A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-17 EP EP02796157A patent/EP1472200A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE527001A (en) * | ||||
US1455309A (en) * | 1922-06-07 | 1923-05-15 | Atlas Powder Co | Propulsive blasting explosive |
FR973531A (en) * | 1941-09-10 | 1951-02-12 | M Le Secretaire D Etat A La Pr | Mine explosive and its manufacturing process |
GB591755A (en) * | 1945-05-16 | 1947-08-27 | Edward Whitworth | Improvements in or relating to low density blasting explosives |
US2548688A (en) * | 1947-04-18 | 1951-04-10 | Ici Ltd | Nitrocellulose-containing composition and process of preparing same |
GB701105A (en) * | 1950-09-12 | 1953-12-16 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to blasting explosives |
US3736196A (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1973-05-29 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Preparation of explosive nitric ester gels |
AU488809B2 (en) * | 1974-04-03 | 1975-10-09 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Composition for breaking rockand concrete |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002360868A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
EP1472200A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
CA2471460A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7913761B2 (en) | System and method for enhanced wellbore perforations | |
US9334719B2 (en) | Explosive pellet | |
EP0159122B1 (en) | Primer mixes and method of making them | |
US20050132921A1 (en) | Explosive for rock breaking | |
US20060169162A1 (en) | Activated stemming device | |
WO2003055829A1 (en) | Explosive for rock breaking | |
ZA200405231B (en) | Explosive for rock breaking. | |
EP1463918B1 (en) | Method of and apparatus for breaking rock | |
JP4818583B2 (en) | Insensitive high-power non-explosive crushing agent | |
AU2002233064B2 (en) | Composite propellant and cartridge incorporating same | |
RU2211923C1 (en) | Gas generator for drilling and blasting jobs | |
US5291831A (en) | Beneficial use of class 1.1 rocket propellant | |
US20060124019A1 (en) | Conduit-clearing pyrotechnic device for remediation of residual explosive contamination | |
AU2014203265B2 (en) | Improved low energy breaking agent | |
WO2002070437A1 (en) | Composite propellant and cartridge incorporating same | |
Shishkov et al. | Rock splitting with pyrotechnic compositions and secondary propellants | |
AU2008202291A1 (en) | Improved Low Energy Breaking Agent | |
AU2002233064A1 (en) | Composite propellant and cartridge incorporating same | |
AU2008258138A1 (en) | Element for initiating propellant | |
AU2013206316A1 (en) | Improved Low Energy Breaking Agent | |
Trott et al. | Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures on the Performance of Selected Explosives | |
EP0607449A1 (en) | Explosive composition and production thereof | |
AU2234200A (en) | Shaped charge for a perforating gun having a main body of explosive including TATB and a sensitive primer | |
SK150296A3 (en) | Method of treating smokeless blasting powder for open-cast mining |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2471460 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004/05231 Country of ref document: ZA Ref document number: 200405231 Country of ref document: ZA Ref document number: 10880621 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2167/DELNP/2004 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002796157 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002360868 Country of ref document: AU |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: JP |