WO2003052166A1 - Method and device for removing adhesions, especially oily or fatty adhesions that are present on the surface of metal parts - Google Patents

Method and device for removing adhesions, especially oily or fatty adhesions that are present on the surface of metal parts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003052166A1
WO2003052166A1 PCT/DE2002/004551 DE0204551W WO03052166A1 WO 2003052166 A1 WO2003052166 A1 WO 2003052166A1 DE 0204551 W DE0204551 W DE 0204551W WO 03052166 A1 WO03052166 A1 WO 03052166A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal parts
furnace
treatment room
adhesions
atmosphere
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/004551
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Walter Huppertz
Dieter Johnen
Francisco Lopez Lopez
Original Assignee
Elino Industrie-Ofenbau Carl Hanf Gmbh & Co.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elino Industrie-Ofenbau Carl Hanf Gmbh & Co. filed Critical Elino Industrie-Ofenbau Carl Hanf Gmbh & Co.
Priority to AU2002358431A priority Critical patent/AU2002358431A1/en
Priority to DE10295859T priority patent/DE10295859D2/en
Publication of WO2003052166A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003052166A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0064—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes
    • B08B7/0071—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by temperature changes by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/10—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by hot air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0008—Resistor heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for removing adhesions, in particular oil-like or grease-like adhesions, which are located on the surface of metal parts.
  • the invention further relates to a device for performing such a method.
  • the metal parts are provided with impurities, for example greases, oils, drilling fluids, etc., which settle on the surfaces of the parts.
  • impurities for example greases, oils, drilling fluids, etc.
  • These predominantly liquid contaminants can solidify, resulting in film-like coatings adhering to the surfaces of the parts which cannot be removed easily.
  • these procedures have the disadvantage that the surfaces of the metal parts can be adversely affected by residues of the treatment solutions used, which is undesirable.
  • these known methods are time-consuming and cost-intensive and problematic in terms of environmental protection.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device of the type specified, with which the buildup can be removed in a particularly economical, environmentally friendly and gentle manner for the metal parts.
  • the adhesions on the surface of the metal parts are not removed chemically, as in the prior art, but by the action of heat on the metal parts.
  • the metal parts to be treated are conveyed through or in an essentially closed treatment room and heated in the treatment room.
  • the heating is carried out to evaporate the buildup, which is predominantly oils or fats.
  • the buildup is converted from the solid or liquid state into the gaseous state.
  • the resulting gas atmosphere is removed from the treatment room and, if necessary after appropriate preparation, released into the atmosphere. Filtration processes, washing processes, condensation processes or incineration can be used as treatment processes.
  • the metal parts are treated particularly gently by the method according to the invention, since there is no chemical action on the metal parts.
  • the heat treatment takes place depending on the respective buildup (impurities) and is carried out in such a way that an almost complete evaporation of the buildup is achieved.
  • the metal parts are usually heated to a temperature above 50 ° C up to about 750 ° C.
  • the heating of the metal parts to be treated in the treatmen ⁇ lung space can by means of radiation heat and / or made on convective manner.
  • no gas atmosphere in the treatment room is required for the treatment of the metal parts.
  • such a gas atmosphere is preferably used to remove the gas atmosphere created by the evaporation of the buildup and / or to act as a convective heating medium.
  • the type of heating is also not critical.
  • normal electric heaters can also be used with fuel-heated burners.
  • the metal parts are preferably cooled after heating.
  • the cooling preferably takes place in a further treatment room, it also being possible to work with radiation or in a convective manner. Whether a cooling step is required or not also depends on the type of buildup or the temperature control. In any case, it should be avoided that the metal parts undergo an uncontrolled oxidation at room temperature after their heat treatment. If there is a risk of such post-oxidation, the metal parts are cooled accordingly.
  • a variant of the method is characterized in that the buildup on the metal parts is first oxidized in a targeted manner and then reduced in order in this way to first crack open existing incrustations etc. and then evaporate the corresponding components.
  • treatment with a damp gas is also possible in order to control the dew point.
  • the pressure in the treatment room is concerned, no special increased or decreased pressure is required to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the process is preferably carried out without pressure or with a slight excess pressure, the latter predominantly in order to prevent the atmosphere surrounding the treatment room from penetrating into the treatment room.
  • fresh gas is expediently permanently introduced into the treatment room.
  • this fresh gas can simultaneously serve as a heating medium and / or as a treatment medium for the buildup. With such a continuous gas circulation, several goals can therefore be achieved simultaneously.
  • the metal parts are preferably guided continuously through the treatment room. In this way, the process can be carried out particularly quickly and economically. Discontinuous operation or batch operation is also possible.
  • the invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method of the type described above.
  • This device is characterized in that it is designed as an oven, in particular a continuous / piercing oven.
  • the metal parts to be treated are arranged on a conveyor device and moved through the continuous furnace.
  • the metal parts are heated in the furnace to evaporate the buildup.
  • the gas atmosphere formed by the evaporation is removed from the furnace and processed if necessary.
  • the furnace is equipped with suitable heating devices in order to heat the metal parts.
  • these can be electrical heaters, burners heated with fuel, infrared heaters, etc.
  • the gas atmosphere formed by the evaporation is preferably removed by supplying fresh gas to the furnace.
  • the furnace preferably has appropriate fans.
  • a suitable pushing device is provided which moves the metal parts through the furnace.
  • the furnace in particular the continuous / piercing furnace, preferably has an atmosphere separating device (lock) at its inlet and outlet. This prevents the atmosphere maintained in the furnace from being influenced by the outside atmosphere.
  • the atmospheric separation device can be designed, for example, as described in DE 198 14 626 AI.
  • the furnace has a heating zone with a downstream cooling zone.
  • This cooling zone which is separated from the upstream heating zone, can likewise have a circulated gas atmosphere and, for this purpose, have at least one fan.
  • the continuous / piercing furnace described here can be part of a heat treatment system for metal parts.
  • a sol ⁇ surface heat treatment system is characterized for example by further annealing furnaces, which are also formed as a continuous / pusher-and downstream of the circulation / pusher furnace as described herein. Corresponding locks are provided between the individual furnaces, since the respective furnaces generally work with different gas atmospheres.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a device designed as a continuous furnace for removing buildup
  • FIG 2 is a schematic representation of several heat treatment plants, which are provided with the device shown in Figure 1.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 for removing deposits, in particular oil-like or grease-like deposits, which are located on the surface of metal parts, is designed as a continuous furnace.
  • This continuous furnace can be of conventional design, so that details of it are not referred to. It has essentially the shape of an elongated lying cylinder and is divided into a treatment zone (heating zone) 13 and a cooling zone 14, the two zones being separated from one another. In Figure 1, the entire continuous furnace is designated 10.
  • a suitable transport device 15 extends through the continuous furnace, for example a conveyor belt, which carries the metal parts (not shown) to be freed of the buildup and conveys them continuously through the continuous furnace 10.
  • the direction of conveyance is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1.
  • the transport device 15 Before entering the continuous furnace 10, the transport device 15 passes a first atmosphere separator 11 at the inlet of the continuous furnace.
  • a second atmosphere separating device 12 At the end of the continuous furnace there is a second atmosphere separating device 12, which is passed by the transport device 15 when leaving the continuous furnace.
  • These atmospheric separation devices (locks) 11, 12 prevent the atmosphere surrounding the furnace from penetrating into the interior of the furnace. For example, they can be designed as described in DE 198 14 626 AI.
  • the treatment / heating zone 13 of the continuous furnace there are a large number of electric heaters 16 which are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction in the outer peripheral region of the interior of the furnace. Furthermore, several circulation fans 17, which are driven by suitable motors, are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction, in such a way that they are located in the upper part of the furnace.
  • the downstream cooling zone 14 also contains such a circulation fan.
  • the metal parts to be freed of the buildup are arranged on the transport device 15 and introduced with it through the atmosphere separating device 11 into the treatment zone (heating zone) 13 of the continuous furnace 10. The parts are continuously moved through the treatment zone by the transport device.
  • a fresh gas is permanently introduced into it, which is a gas mixture of 95% N 2 and 5% H 2 .
  • a gas atmosphere is maintained in the treatment zone 13, which has a slightly reducing effect.
  • the interior of the furnace is heated to approximately 600 °.
  • the adhesions on the surface of the metal parts evaporate, and an atmosphere containing these gaseous components is formed, which is pressed out of the treatment zone by the permanent supply of fresh gas.
  • the atmosphere removed from the furnace can be prepared accordingly and then released into the atmosphere.
  • the metal parts located on the transport device 15 After the metal parts located on the transport device 15 have passed the treatment zone 13, they are introduced into the cooling zone 14 of the continuous furnace. The parts are cooled there to prevent uncontrolled post-oxidation. They then exit the furnace from the cooling zone 14 through the second atmosphere separating device 12 and can be subjected to further processing.
  • Continuous furnace can be used as part of an overall heat treatment would be used.
  • 2 shows above the continuous furnace 2 with an upstream lock 1 and a downstream lock 3.
  • a first annealing furnace 4 upstream, in which a Protective process gas 1 is located.
  • a lock 5 is in turn arranged downstream of the first annealing furnace 4.
  • a further annealing furnace 6 is provided, which contains a protective process gas 2.
  • a lock 7 is also arranged downstream of this furnace.
  • the device designed according to the invention can thus form part of a heat treatment system with which metal parts are first freed of their buildup and then subjected to corresponding further treatments, for example reduction or oxidation treatments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for removing adhesions, especially oily or fatty adhesions, that are present on the surface of metal parts. According to the invention, the metal parts to be treated are heated in a substantially closed treatment compartment in order to evaporate the adhesions. The device for carrying out the inventive method is embodied as a furnace, especially as a continuous/pusher type furnace.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Anhaftungen, insbesondere öl- bzw. fettartigen Anhaftungen, die sich auf der Oberfläche von Metallteilen befindenMethod and device for removing deposits, in particular oil-like or grease-like deposits, which are located on the surface of metal parts
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Anhaftungen, insbesondere öl- bzw. fettartigen Anhaftungen, die sich auf der Oberfläche von Metallteilen befinden. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens .The present invention relates to a method for removing adhesions, in particular oil-like or grease-like adhesions, which are located on the surface of metal parts. The invention further relates to a device for performing such a method.
Beim mechanischen Umformen von Metallteilen, beispielsweise Stanzvorgängen, Pressvorgängen, Bohrvorgängen etc., werden die Metallteile mit Verunreinigungen, beispielsweise Fetten, Ölen, Bohrflüssigkeiten etc., versehen, die sich auf den Oberflächen der Teile absetzen. Diese überwiegend flüssigen Verunreinigungen können erstarren, so dass sich auf den Oberflächen der Teile haftende filmartige Überzüge ergeben, die nicht ohne weiteres entfernt werden können. Für die Weiterverarbeitung derartiger Metallteile ist es aber erforderlich, dass diese saubere Oberflächen besitzen. Man hat daher bisher auf recht aufwendige Weise die Teile mit chemischen Behandlungslösungen (Perchlorethylen etc.) oder mit alkalischen Substanzen (Laugen etc.) gereinigt. Diese Vorgehensweisen haben jedoch den Nachteil, dass die Oberflächen der Metallteile durch Rückstände der jeweils ver- wendeten Behandlungslösungen beeinträchtigt werden können, was unerwünscht ist. Darüber hinaus sind diese bekannten Verfahren zeitaufwendig und kostenintensiv und in bezug auf den Umweltschutz problematisch.During the mechanical shaping of metal parts, for example stamping processes, pressing processes, drilling processes, etc., the metal parts are provided with impurities, for example greases, oils, drilling fluids, etc., which settle on the surfaces of the parts. These predominantly liquid contaminants can solidify, resulting in film-like coatings adhering to the surfaces of the parts which cannot be removed easily. For the further processing of such metal parts, however, it is necessary that they have clean surfaces. So far you have the parts with quite complex chemical treatment solutions (perchlorethylene etc.) or cleaned with alkaline substances (alkalis etc.). However, these procedures have the disadvantage that the surfaces of the metal parts can be adversely affected by residues of the treatment solutions used, which is undesirable. In addition, these known methods are time-consuming and cost-intensive and problematic in terms of environmental protection.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der angegebenen Art zu schaffen, mit dem bzw. der sich die Anhaftungen auf besonders wirtschaftliche, umweitschonende und für die Metallteile schonende Weise entfernen lassen.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a device of the type specified, with which the buildup can be removed in a particularly economical, environmentally friendly and gentle manner for the metal parts.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren der angegebenen Art gelöst, das die folgenden Schritte auf weist:This object is achieved according to the invention by a method of the type specified, which has the following steps:
a. Fördern der zu behandelnden Metallteile durch einen oder in einem im wesentlichen geschlossenen Behandlungsraum;a. Conveying the metal parts to be treated through or in a substantially closed treatment room;
b. Erhitzen der Metallteile im Behandlungsraum, um die Anhaftungen zu verdampfen; undb. Heating the metal parts in the treatment room to evaporate the buildup; and
c. Abführen und ggf. Aufbereiten der durch das Verdampfen gebildeten Gasatmosphäre.c. Removal and, if necessary, processing of the gas atmosphere formed by the evaporation.
Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird ferner durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen von Patentanspruch 10 gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.The above-mentioned object is further achieved by a device with the features of claim 10. Further developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die sich auf der Oberfläche der Metallteile befindenden Anhaftungen nicht auf chemischem Wege, wie beim Stand der Technik, sondern durch Wärmeeinwirkung auf die Metallteile entfernt. Die zu behandelnden Metallteile werden durch einen oder in einem im wesentlichen geschlossenen Behandlungsraum befördert und im Behandlungsraum erhitzt. Das Erhitzen wird durchgeführt, um die Anhaftungen, bei denen es sich überwiegend um Öle oder Fette handelt, zu verdampfen. Die Anhaftungen werden somit auf diese Weise vom festen bzw. flüssigen Zustand in den gasförmigen Zustand überführt. Die hierdurch entstehende Gasatmosphäre wird aus dem Behandlungsraum abgeführt und, ggf. nach entsprechendem Aufbereiten, in die Atmosphäre abgegeben. Als Aufbereitungsverfahren kommen beispielsweise Filtrationsverfahren, Waschverfahren, Kondensations- verfahren oder eine Verbrennung in Frage.In the method according to the invention, the adhesions on the surface of the metal parts are not removed chemically, as in the prior art, but by the action of heat on the metal parts. The metal parts to be treated are conveyed through or in an essentially closed treatment room and heated in the treatment room. The heating is carried out to evaporate the buildup, which is predominantly oils or fats. In this way, the buildup is converted from the solid or liquid state into the gaseous state. The resulting gas atmosphere is removed from the treatment room and, if necessary after appropriate preparation, released into the atmosphere. Filtration processes, washing processes, condensation processes or incineration can be used as treatment processes.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden die Metallteile besonders schonend behandelt, da eine chemische Einwirkung auf die Metallteile nicht vorgesehen ist. Die Wärmebehand- lung erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Anhaftungen (Verunreinigungen) und wird so durchgeführt, dass eine nahezu vollständige Verdampfung der Anhaftungen erreicht wird. Dabei werden die Metallteile in der Regel auf eine Temperatur über 50°C bis zu etwa 750°C erhitzt. Das Erhitzen der zu behandelnden Metallteile im Behand¬ lungsraum kann mittels Strahlungswärme und/oder auf konvek- tive Weise erfolgen. An sich wird für die Behandlung der Metallteile keine Gasatmosphäre im Behandlungsraum benö- tigt. Vorzugsweise kommt jedoch eine derartige Gasatmosphäre zur Anwendung, um die durch das Verdampfen der Anhaftungen entstehende Gasatmosphäre abzuführen und/oder als kon- vektives Heizmedium zu wirken.The metal parts are treated particularly gently by the method according to the invention, since there is no chemical action on the metal parts. The heat treatment takes place depending on the respective buildup (impurities) and is carried out in such a way that an almost complete evaporation of the buildup is achieved. The metal parts are usually heated to a temperature above 50 ° C up to about 750 ° C. The heating of the metal parts to be treated in the treatmen ¬ lung space can by means of radiation heat and / or made on convective manner. As such, no gas atmosphere in the treatment room is required for the treatment of the metal parts. However, such a gas atmosphere is preferably used to remove the gas atmosphere created by the evaporation of the buildup and / or to act as a convective heating medium.
Auch die Art der Beheizung ist nicht kritisch. So können beispielsweise normale Elektroheizungen aber auch mit Brennstoff beheizte Brenner Verwendung finden.The type of heating is also not critical. For example, normal electric heaters can also be used with fuel-heated burners.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird vorzugsweise in einer sauerstoffarmen bzw. Sauerstofffreien Atmosphäre durchgeführt, d.h. die Metallteile werden vorzugsweise im Behandlungsraum mit einer sauerstoffarmen bzw. Sauerstofffreien Atmosphäre beaufschlagt. Hierdurch wird eine Oxidbildung der Anhaftungen vermieden, die bei einer Behandlung in oder mit einer normalen 02-enthaltenden Atmosphäre auftreten würde. Eine solche Oxidbildung ist aber für das gewünschte Verdampfen der Anhaftungen schädlich. So wird zweckmäßigerweise mit einer Inertgasatmosphäre gearbeitet. Eine weitere Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnet sich da- durch aus, dass die Metallteile im Behandlungsraum mit einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre beaufschlagt werden. Hierdurch wird die Entfernung der Anhaftungen weiter gefördert, da in jedem Falle das Entstehen von Oxiden vermieden wird. Besonders bevorzugt werden Mischatmosphären, die überwiegend aus einem Inertgas, beispielsweise N, bestehen und einen ge- ringen Anteil eines Reduktionsmittels, beispielsweise H2, enthalten.The process according to the invention is preferably carried out in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere, ie the metal parts are preferably subjected to an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere in the treatment room. This avoids the formation of oxide on the buildup, which would occur during treatment in or with a normal atmosphere containing 0 2 . However, such oxide formation is detrimental to the desired evaporation of the buildup. It is expedient to work with an inert gas atmosphere. Another variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a reducing atmosphere is applied to the metal parts in the treatment room. This further promotes the removal of the buildup, since the formation of oxides is avoided in any case. Mixed atmospheres which consist predominantly of an inert gas, for example N, and which contain a rings contain a reducing agent, for example H 2 .
Vorzugsweise werden die Metallteile bei dem erfindungsgemä- ßen Verfahren nach dem Erhitzen gekühlt. Das Kühlen findet vorzugsweise in einem weiteren Behandlungsraum statt, wobei ebenfalls mit Strahlung oder auf konvektive Weise gearbeitet werden kann. Ob ein Kühlschritt benötigt wird oder nicht, hängt ebenfalls von der Art der Anhaftungen bzw. der Temperaturführung ab. In jedem Falle soll vermieden werden, dass die Metallteile nach ihrer Wärmebehandlung eine unkontrollierte Oxidation bei Raumtemperatur erfahren. Wenn die Gefahr einer solchen Nachoxidation besteht, werden die Metallteile entsprechend gekühlt.In the method according to the invention, the metal parts are preferably cooled after heating. The cooling preferably takes place in a further treatment room, it also being possible to work with radiation or in a convective manner. Whether a cooling step is required or not also depends on the type of buildup or the temperature control. In any case, it should be avoided that the metal parts undergo an uncontrolled oxidation at room temperature after their heat treatment. If there is a risk of such post-oxidation, the metal parts are cooled accordingly.
Vorstehend wurde angeführt, dass bevorzugt mit einer sauerstoffarmen bzw. Sauerstofffreien Atmosphäre gearbeitet wird. Dies soll jedoch nicht generell die Verwendung einer oxidierenden Atmosphäre bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ausschließen. So zeichnet sich eine Verfahrensvariante dadurch aus, dass die Anhaftungen auf den Metallteilen zuerst gezielt oxidiert und danach reduziert werden, um auf diese Weise vorhandene Verkrustungen etc. erst aufzusprengen und dann die entsprechenden Bestandteile zu verdampfen. So kann je nach den vorhandenen Gegebenheiten (Art der vorhandenen Anhaftungen) auf gezielte und gesteuerte Weise mit unterschiedlichen Atmosphären gearbeitet werden. Beispielsweise ist auch eine Behandlung mit einem Feuchtgas möglich, um eine Taupunktsteuerung durchzuführen. Was den Druck im Behandlungsraum anbetrifft, so ist zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kein spezieller erhöhter oder erniedrigter Druck erforderlich. So wird vorzugsweise drucklos oder mit einem geringen Überdruck ge- arbeitet, letzteres vorwiegend, um ein Eindringen der den Behandlungsraum umgebenden Atmosphäre in den Behandlungsraum zu verhindern.It was stated above that preference is given to working with an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere. However, this should not generally preclude the use of an oxidizing atmosphere in the process according to the invention. A variant of the method is characterized in that the buildup on the metal parts is first oxidized in a targeted manner and then reduced in order in this way to first crack open existing incrustations etc. and then evaporate the corresponding components. Depending on the existing conditions (type of buildup), you can work with different atmospheres in a targeted and controlled manner. For example, treatment with a damp gas is also possible in order to control the dew point. As far as the pressure in the treatment room is concerned, no special increased or decreased pressure is required to carry out the method according to the invention. For example, the process is preferably carried out without pressure or with a slight excess pressure, the latter predominantly in order to prevent the atmosphere surrounding the treatment room from penetrating into the treatment room.
Um die durch das Verdampfen gebildete Gasatmosphäre abzu- führen, wird zweckmäßigerweise permanent Frischgas in den Behandlungsraum eingeführt. Wie erwähnt, kann dieses Frischgas gleichzeitig als Heizmedium und/oder als Behandlungsmedium für die Anhaftungen dienen. Mit einer derartigen kontinuierlichen Gasumwälzung können daher mehrere Zie- le gleichzeitig erreicht werden.In order to remove the gas atmosphere formed by the evaporation, fresh gas is expediently permanently introduced into the treatment room. As mentioned, this fresh gas can simultaneously serve as a heating medium and / or as a treatment medium for the buildup. With such a continuous gas circulation, several goals can therefore be achieved simultaneously.
Die Metallteile werden vorzugsweise kontinuierlich durch den Behandlungsraum geführt. Auf diese Weise läßt sich das Verfahren besonders rasch und wirtschaftlich durchführen. Ein diskontinuierlicher Betrieb oder Chargenbetrieb ist aber ebenfalls möglich.The metal parts are preferably guided continuously through the treatment room. In this way, the process can be carried out particularly quickly and economically. Discontinuous operation or batch operation is also possible.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens der vorstehend beschriebenen Art. Diese Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Ofen, insbesondere Durchlauf/Durchstoßofen, ausgebildet ist.The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method of the type described above. This device is characterized in that it is designed as an oven, in particular a continuous / piercing oven.
Bei einer ersten Variante, bei der die Vorrichtung als Durchlaufofen ausgebildet ist, werden die zu behandelnden Metallteile auf einer Fördereinrichtung angeordnet und mit- tels dieser durch den Durchlaufofen bewegt. Im Ofen werden die Metallteile erhitzt, um die Anhaftungen zu verdampfen. Die durch das Verdampfen gebildete Gasatmosphäre wird aus dem Ofen abgeführt und ggf. aufbereitet. Der Ofen ist mit geeigneten Heizeinrichtungen versehen, um die Erhitzung der Metallteile durchzuführen. Beispielsweise kann es sich hierbei um Elektroheizungen, mit Brennstoff beheizte Brenner, Infrarotstrahler etc. handeln. Die durch das Verdampfen gebildete Gasatmosphäre wird vorzugsweise abgeführt, indem dem Ofen Frischgas zugeführt wird. Hierzu weist der Ofen vorzugsweise entsprechende Ventilatoren auf.In a first variant, in which the device is designed as a continuous furnace, the metal parts to be treated are arranged on a conveyor device and moved through the continuous furnace. The metal parts are heated in the furnace to evaporate the buildup. The gas atmosphere formed by the evaporation is removed from the furnace and processed if necessary. The furnace is equipped with suitable heating devices in order to heat the metal parts. For example, these can be electrical heaters, burners heated with fuel, infrared heaters, etc. The gas atmosphere formed by the evaporation is preferably removed by supplying fresh gas to the furnace. For this purpose, the furnace preferably has appropriate fans.
Bei einer zweiten Variante, einem Durchstoßofen, ist eine geeignete Stoßeinrichtung vorgesehen, die die Metallteile durch den Ofen bewegt.In a second variant, a push-through furnace, a suitable pushing device is provided which moves the metal parts through the furnace.
Der Ofen, insbesondere Duchlauf/Durchstoßofen, besitzt vorzugsweise an seinem Einlaß und seinem Auslaß eine Atmosphä- rentrenneinrichtung (Schleuse) . Hiermit wird verhindert, dass die im Ofen aufrechterhaltene Atmosphäre durch die von außen eindringende Atmosphäre beeinflußt wird. Die Atmo- sphärentrenneinrichtung kann beispielsweise so ausgebildet sein, wie sie in der DE 198 14 626 AI beschrieben ist.The furnace, in particular the continuous / piercing furnace, preferably has an atmosphere separating device (lock) at its inlet and outlet. This prevents the atmosphere maintained in the furnace from being influenced by the outside atmosphere. The atmospheric separation device can be designed, for example, as described in DE 198 14 626 AI.
Um eine Kühlung der behandelten Metallteile zu ermöglichen, weist der Ofen eine Erhitzungszone mit nachgeschalteter Kühlzone auf. Diese Kühlzone, die von der vorgeschalteten Erhitzungszone getrennt ist, kann ebenfalls eine umgewälzte Gasatmosphäre besitzen und hierzu mindestens einen Ventila- tor aufweisen. Der hier beschriebene Durchlauf/Durchstoßofen kann Teil einer Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Metallteile sein. Eine sol¬ che Wärmebehandlungsanlage zeichnet sich beispielsweise durch weitere Glühöfen aus, die ebenfalls als Durchlauf/Durchstoßöfen ausgebildet sind und dem hier beschriebenen Durchlauf/Durchstoßofen nachgeschaltet sind. Zwischen den einzelnen Öfen sind entsprechende Schleusen vorgesehen, da in den jeweiligen Öfen in der Regel mit unterschiedlichen Gasatmosphären gearbeitet wird.In order to allow cooling of the treated metal parts, the furnace has a heating zone with a downstream cooling zone. This cooling zone, which is separated from the upstream heating zone, can likewise have a circulated gas atmosphere and, for this purpose, have at least one fan. The continuous / piercing furnace described here can be part of a heat treatment system for metal parts. A sol ¬ surface heat treatment system is characterized for example by further annealing furnaces, which are also formed as a continuous / pusher-and downstream of the circulation / pusher furnace as described herein. Corresponding locks are provided between the individual furnaces, since the respective furnaces generally work with different gas atmospheres.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung im einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in detail below using an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:
Figur 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine als Durchlaufofen ausgebildete Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Anhaftungen; und1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a device designed as a continuous furnace for removing buildup; and
Figur 2 eine Schemadarstellung von mehreren Wärmebehandlungsanlagen, die mit der in Figur 1 gezeigten Vorrichtung versehen sind.Figure 2 is a schematic representation of several heat treatment plants, which are provided with the device shown in Figure 1.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Anhaftungen, insbesondere öl- bzw. fettartigen Anhaftungen, die sich auf der Oberfläche von Metallteilen befinden, ist als Durchlaufofen ausgebildet. Dieser Durchlaufofen kann herkömmlich ausgebildet sein, so dass auf Einzelheiten hiervon nicht bezug genommen wird. Er hat im wesentlichen die Form eines langgestreckten liegenden Zylinders und ist in eine Behandlungszone (Erhitzungszone) 13 und eine Kühlzone 14 unterteilt, wobei beide Zonen voneinander abgetrennt sind. In Figur 1 ist der gesamte Durchlaufofen mit 10 bezeichnet.The device shown in FIG. 1 for removing deposits, in particular oil-like or grease-like deposits, which are located on the surface of metal parts, is designed as a continuous furnace. This continuous furnace can be of conventional design, so that details of it are not referred to. It has essentially the shape of an elongated lying cylinder and is divided into a treatment zone (heating zone) 13 and a cooling zone 14, the two zones being separated from one another. In Figure 1, the entire continuous furnace is designated 10.
Durch den Durchlaufofen erstreckt sich eine geeignete Transporteinrichtung 15, beispielsweise ein Förderband, das die von den Anhaftungen zu befreienden Metallteile (nicht gezeigt) trägt und diese kontinuierlich durch den Durch- laufofen 10 fördert. Die Förderrichtung ist dabei in Figur 1 mit einem Pfeil angedeutet. Vor dem Eintritt in den Durchlaufofen 10 passiert die Transporteinrichtung 15 eine erste Atmosphärentrenneinrichtung 11 am Einlaß des Durchlaufofens. Am Ende des Durchlaufofens befindet sich eine zweite Atmosphärentrenneinrichtung 12, die beim Verlassen des Durchlaufofens von der Transporteinrichtung 15 passiert wird. Diese Atmosphärentrenneinrichtungen (Schleusen) 11,12 verhindern, dass die den Ofen umgebende Atmosphäre in das Ofeninnere dringt. Sie können beispielsweise so ausgebildet sein, wie dies in der DE 198 14 626 AI beschrieben ist.A suitable transport device 15 extends through the continuous furnace, for example a conveyor belt, which carries the metal parts (not shown) to be freed of the buildup and conveys them continuously through the continuous furnace 10. The direction of conveyance is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1. Before entering the continuous furnace 10, the transport device 15 passes a first atmosphere separator 11 at the inlet of the continuous furnace. At the end of the continuous furnace there is a second atmosphere separating device 12, which is passed by the transport device 15 when leaving the continuous furnace. These atmospheric separation devices (locks) 11, 12 prevent the atmosphere surrounding the furnace from penetrating into the interior of the furnace. For example, they can be designed as described in DE 198 14 626 AI.
In der Behandlungs/Erhitzungszone 13 des Durchlaufofens befindet sich eine Vielzahl von Elektroheizungen 16, die in Förderrichtung nacheinander im äußeren Umfangsbereich des Innenraumes des Ofens angeordnet sind. Desweiteren sind nacheinander in Förderrichtung mehrere Umwälzventilatoren 17, die über geeignete Motoren angetrieben werden, im Ofeninneren angeordnet, und zwar derart, dass sie sich im oberen Teil des Ofens befinden. Auch die nachgeordnete Kühlzone 14 enthält einen derartigen Umwälzventilator. Im Betrieb des dargestellten Durchlaufofens werden die von den Anhaftungen zu befreienden Metallteile auf der Transporteinrichtung 15 angeordnet und mit dieser durch die Atmosphärentrenneinrichtung 11 in die Behandlungszone (Erhit- zungszone) 13 des Durchlaufofens 10 eingeführt. Die Teile werden von der Transporteinrichtung kontinuierlich durch die Behandlungszone bewegt. Während der Bewegung der Teile durch die Behandlungszone wird in diese permanent ein Frischgas eingeführt, bei dem es sich um ein Gasgemisch aus 95% N2 und 5% H2 handelt. Auf diese Weise wird somit in der Behandlungszone 13 eine Gasatmosphäre aufrechterhalten, die geringfügig reduzierend wirkt. Mit Hilfe der Elektroheizungen 16 wird das Ofeninnere auf etwa 600° erhitzt. Durch das Erhitzen verdampfen die Anhaftungen auf der Oberfläche der Metallteile, und es bildet sich eine diese gasförmigen Bestandteile enthaltende Atmosphäre, die durch die permanente Frischgaszufuhr aus der Behandlungszone gedrückt wird. Die aus dem Ofen entfernte Atmosphäre kann entsprechend aufbereitet und dann an die Atmosphäre abgegeben werden.In the treatment / heating zone 13 of the continuous furnace there are a large number of electric heaters 16 which are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction in the outer peripheral region of the interior of the furnace. Furthermore, several circulation fans 17, which are driven by suitable motors, are arranged one after the other in the conveying direction, in such a way that they are located in the upper part of the furnace. The downstream cooling zone 14 also contains such a circulation fan. In the operation of the continuous furnace shown, the metal parts to be freed of the buildup are arranged on the transport device 15 and introduced with it through the atmosphere separating device 11 into the treatment zone (heating zone) 13 of the continuous furnace 10. The parts are continuously moved through the treatment zone by the transport device. During the movement of the parts through the treatment zone, a fresh gas is permanently introduced into it, which is a gas mixture of 95% N 2 and 5% H 2 . In this way, a gas atmosphere is maintained in the treatment zone 13, which has a slightly reducing effect. With the help of the electric heaters 16, the interior of the furnace is heated to approximately 600 °. As a result of the heating, the adhesions on the surface of the metal parts evaporate, and an atmosphere containing these gaseous components is formed, which is pressed out of the treatment zone by the permanent supply of fresh gas. The atmosphere removed from the furnace can be prepared accordingly and then released into the atmosphere.
Nachdem die auf der Transporteinrichtung 15 befindlichen Metallteile die Behandlungszone 13 passiert haben, werden sie in die Kühlzone 14 des Durchlaufofens eingeführt. Dort werden die Teile abgekühlt, um eine unkontrollierte Nach- oxidation zu verhindern. Sie gelangen dann von der Kühlzone 14 durch die zweite Atmosphärentrenneinrichtung 12 aus dem Ofen heraus und können einer weiteren Bearbeitung unterzogen werden.After the metal parts located on the transport device 15 have passed the treatment zone 13, they are introduced into the cooling zone 14 of the continuous furnace. The parts are cooled there to prevent uncontrolled post-oxidation. They then exit the furnace from the cooling zone 14 through the second atmosphere separating device 12 and can be subjected to further processing.
Der in Figur 1 dargestellte und vorstehend beschriebeneThe one shown in Figure 1 and described above
Durchlaufofen kann als Teil einer Gesamtwärmebehandlungsan- läge eingesetzt werden. Figur 2 zeigt oben den Durchlaufo- fen 2 mit einer vorgeschalteten Schleuse 1 und einer nachgeschalteten Schleuse 3. In der darunter befindlichen Dar¬ stellung ist dieser Durchlaufofen 2 mit den beiden Schleu- sen 1 und 3 einem ersten Glühofen 4 vorgeschaltet, in dem sich ein Schutzprozessgas 1 befindet. Dem ersten Glühofen 4 ist wiederum eine Schleuse 5 nachgeordnet. In der untersten Darstellung ist zusätzlich zu den vorstehend beschriebenen Einrichtungen ein weiterer Glühofen 6 vorgesehen, der ein Schutzprozessgas 2 enthält. Auch diesem Ofen ist eine Schleuse 7 nachgeordnet.Continuous furnace can be used as part of an overall heat treatment would be used. 2 shows above the continuous furnace 2 with an upstream lock 1 and a downstream lock 3. In the underlying Dar ¬ position of this continuous furnace 2 is provided with the two sluices 1 and 3, a first annealing furnace 4 upstream, in which a Protective process gas 1 is located. A lock 5 is in turn arranged downstream of the first annealing furnace 4. In the bottom illustration, in addition to the devices described above, a further annealing furnace 6 is provided, which contains a protective process gas 2. A lock 7 is also arranged downstream of this furnace.
Man erkennt, dass die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Vorrichtung somit Teil einer Wärmebehandlungsanlage bilden kann, mit der Metallteile zuerst von ihren Anhaftungen befreit werden und danach entsprechenden weiteren Behandlungen, beispielsweise Reduktions- oder Oxidationsbehandlungen, unterzogen werden. It can be seen that the device designed according to the invention can thus form part of a heat treatment system with which metal parts are first freed of their buildup and then subjected to corresponding further treatments, for example reduction or oxidation treatments.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Entfernen von Anhaftungen, insbesondere öl- bzw. fettartigen Anhaftungen, die sich auf der Oberfläche von Metallteilen befinden, mit den folgenden Schritten:1. A method for removing adhesions, in particular oil-like or grease-like adhesions, which are located on the surface of metal parts, with the following steps:
a. Befördern der zu behandelnden Metallteile durch einen oder in einem im wesentlichen geschlossenen Behand- lungsraum;a. Conveying the metal parts to be treated through or in an essentially closed treatment room;
b. Erhitzen der Metallteile im Behandlungsraum, um die Anhaftungen zu verdampfen; undb. Heating the metal parts in the treatment room to evaporate the buildup; and
c. Abführen und ggf. Aufbereiten der durch das Verdampfen gebildeten Gasatmosphäre.c. Removal and, if necessary, processing of the gas atmosphere formed by the evaporation.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallteile im Behandlungsraum mit einem Heizmedium beaufschlagt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal parts are acted upon in the treatment room with a heating medium.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallteile im Behandlungsraum mit einer sauerstoffarmen bzw. Sauerstofffreien Atmosphäre beauf- schlagt werden. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal parts in the treatment room are supplied with an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallteile im Behandlungsraum mit einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre beaufschlagt werden. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal parts in the treatment room are subjected to a reducing atmosphere.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallteile nach dem Erhitzen gekühlt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal parts are cooled after heating.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallteile im Behandlungsraum mit einem Feuchtgas beaufschlagt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a damp gas is applied to the metal parts in the treatment room.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallteile im Behandlungsraum drucklos oder mit geringem Überdruck behandelt werden.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal parts in the treatment room are treated without pressure or with a slight excess pressure.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Abführung der durch Verdampfen gebildeten Gasatmosphäre permanent Frischgas in den Behandlungsraum eingeführt wird.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fresh gas is permanently introduced into the treatment room in order to discharge the gas atmosphere formed by evaporation.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallteile kontinuierlich durch den Behandlungsraum geführt werden.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal parts are continuously guided through the treatment room.
10. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Ofen, insbesondere Durchlauf/Durchstoßofen (10) , ausgebildet ist.10. Device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that it is designed as an oven, in particular a continuous / piercing oven (10).
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ofen, insbesondere Durchlauf/Durchstoßofen11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the furnace, in particular continuous / piercing furnace
(10) , an seinem Einlaß und seinem Auslaß eine Atmosphärentrenneinrichtung (Schleuse) (11,12) aufweist.(10), at its inlet and its outlet has an atmosphere separating device (lock) (11, 12).
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass der Ofen, insbesondere Durchlauf/Durchstoßofen (10), eine Erhitzungszone (13) mit nachgeschalteter Kühlzone (14) aufweist.12. The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the furnace, in particular continuous / piercing furnace (10), has a heating zone (13) with a downstream cooling zone (14).
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ofen, insbesondere Durchlauf/Durchstoßofen (10), Teil einer Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Metallteile ist. 13. Device according to one of claims 10 - 12, characterized in that the furnace, in particular pass-through / piercing furnace (10), is part of a heat treatment system for metal parts.
PCT/DE2002/004551 2001-12-17 2002-12-12 Method and device for removing adhesions, especially oily or fatty adhesions that are present on the surface of metal parts WO2003052166A1 (en)

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