WO2003019575A1 - Resonantly excited hybrid fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in solid matter - Google Patents
Resonantly excited hybrid fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in solid matter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003019575A1 WO2003019575A1 PCT/PT2001/000023 PT0100023W WO03019575A1 WO 2003019575 A1 WO2003019575 A1 WO 2003019575A1 PT 0100023 W PT0100023 W PT 0100023W WO 03019575 A1 WO03019575 A1 WO 03019575A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- states
- hydrogen
- absorbed
- excited
- isotopes
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Definitions
- Hydrogen and its isotopes (deuterium and tritium) are easily absorbed into metals like palladium or titanium, forming an interstitial solid solution.
- the hydrogen isotopes occupy the free spaces between the atoms of the metal lattice.
- the closest distance between the deuterons is about twice the internuclear distance in an ordinary deuterium gas molecule.
- the equilibrium distance is estimated to be at least 30% larger than in the gas molecule.
- the metal lattice is charged with the hydrogen isotope up to a level in which a large of number of the interstitial cages have at least two isotope units.
- the quantum collision states are excited by resonant electromagnetic radiation (typically in the ultraviolet - low X-ray range).
Abstract
Hydrogen and its isotopes (deuterium and tritium) are easily absorbed intometals like palladium or titanium, forming an interstitial solid solution.In the lowest-lying states, even at high densities, the collisionprobability between two of the absorbed hydrogen isotopes is a vanishing orabsolutely negligible quantity. Nevertheless there are relatively low-lyingexcited states (quantum collision states) for which the overlap probability is non-negligible. Typically, the quantum collision levels are separated from the ground state by energies in the ultraviolet - low X-ray range. Therefore they cannot be accessed by thermal excitations but may beresonantly excited by electromagnetic radiation. This leads to the proposal of a new process for energy production by nuclear fusion reactions: (1) The metal lattice is charged with the hydrogen isotope up to a level inwhich a large of number of the interstitial cages have at least two isotopeunits. (2) The quantum collision states are excited by resonant electromagneticradiation.
Description
Resonantly excited hybrid fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in solid matter Description
Hydrogen and its isotopes (deuterium and tritium) are easily absorbed into metals like palladium or titanium, forming an interstitial solid solution. The hydrogen isotopes occupy the free spaces between the atoms of the metal lattice.
For the example of deuterons in a palladium lattice, in static conditions and when the number of deuterons is smaller or equal to the number of palladium nuclei, the closest distance between the deuterons is about twice the internuclear distance in an ordinary deuterium gas molecule. For higher concentrations, even when two deuterons are contained in one of the octahedral cages of the fee lattice, the equilibrium distance is estimated to be at least 30% larger than in the gas molecule. The conclusion is that, in equilibrium conditions, there is no special enhancement of the Coulomb barrier penetration factor and therefore, except maybe for occasional and irreproducible bursts corresponding to improbable large deviations from the equilibrium configurations, spontaneous fusion reactions of the interstitial deuterium are extremely unlikely.
In ground state configurations, the collision probability between two of the absorbed hydrogen isotopes is a vanishing or absolutely negligible quantity. Nevertheless there are relatively low-lying excited states for which the overlap probability is non-negligible. These are, what may be called quantum collision states, some of these levels corresponding (in the scar sense) to unstable classical configurations of the potential. The general existence of such states for potentials with saddle points has been shown in [Phys. Lett. A239 (1998) 223].
Calculations for several configurations with realistic physical parameters have shown that, for hydrogen isotopes absorbed in metal lattices, the quantum collision levels are separated from the ground state by energies in the ultraviolet - low X-ray range. Therefore they cannot be accessed by thermal excitations but may be resonantly excited by electromagnetic radiation.
This leads to the proposal of a new process for energy production by nuclear fusion reactions:
(1) The metal lattice is charged with the hydrogen isotope up to a level in which a large of number of the interstitial cages have at least two isotope units.
(2) The quantum collision states are excited by resonant electromagnetic radiation (typically in the ultraviolet - low X-ray range).
Remarks:
- Hydrogen, or its isotopes, are confined with relative ease in a metal lattice as compared with the difficulty of confining it in a hot plasma. However the metal lattice is merely used as a soft confining mechanism and no energetically useful spontaneous (cold) fusion are to be expected.
- An additional mechanism must be provided to induce the fusion reactions. The resonantly excited quantum collision levels is such a mechanism. The name hybrid fusion tends to emphasize this dual nature of the proposed method.
Claims
(1) Charging a metal lattice with an hydrogen isotope up to a level in which a large of number of the interstitial cages have at least two isotope units.
(2) Excitation of the quantum collision states by resonant electromagnetic radiation.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01965775A EP1423858A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Resonantly excited hybrid fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in solid matter |
| PCT/PT2001/000023 WO2003019575A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Resonantly excited hybrid fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in solid matter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PT2001/000023 WO2003019575A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Resonantly excited hybrid fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in solid matter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003019575A1 true WO2003019575A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
Family
ID=20081547
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PT2001/000023 WO2003019575A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Resonantly excited hybrid fusion of hydrogen isotopes absorbed in solid matter |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1423858A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003019575A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2624913C1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-07-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт автоматики им. Н.Л. Духова" (ФГУП "ВНИИА") | Method of manufacturing titanium-tritium target of neutron tube |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990014670A1 (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1990-11-29 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Isotope deposition, stimulation, and direct energy conversion for nuclear fusion in a solid |
| EP0645777A1 (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-03-29 | CHIKUMA, Toichi | Cold nuclear fusion apparatus |
| WO1995020816A1 (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-08-03 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Siena | Energy generation and generator by means of anharmonic stimulated fusion |
-
2001
- 2001-08-30 EP EP01965775A patent/EP1423858A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-30 WO PCT/PT2001/000023 patent/WO2003019575A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990014670A1 (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1990-11-29 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Isotope deposition, stimulation, and direct energy conversion for nuclear fusion in a solid |
| EP0645777A1 (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-03-29 | CHIKUMA, Toichi | Cold nuclear fusion apparatus |
| WO1995020816A1 (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-08-03 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Siena | Energy generation and generator by means of anharmonic stimulated fusion |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1423858A1 * |
| STEINERT C: "LASER-INDUCED SEMICOLD FUSION", FUSION TECHNOLOGY, AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY. LAGRANGE PARK, ILLINOIS, US, vol. 17, no. 1, 1990, pages 206 - 208, XP000084739, ISSN: 0748-1896 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2624913C1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-07-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт автоматики им. Н.Л. Духова" (ФГУП "ВНИИА") | Method of manufacturing titanium-tritium target of neutron tube |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1423858A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
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