WO2003017424A1 - Waveguide antennas - Google Patents
Waveguide antennas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003017424A1 WO2003017424A1 PCT/AU2002/000367 AU0200367W WO03017424A1 WO 2003017424 A1 WO2003017424 A1 WO 2003017424A1 AU 0200367 W AU0200367 W AU 0200367W WO 03017424 A1 WO03017424 A1 WO 03017424A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- antenna
- feed
- parallel plate
- waveguides
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to antennas and in particular to antennas of base stations of cellular communications systems.
- Cellular base station antennas are typically implemented as phased-array antennas that use stripline- or microstrip-circuit technology or cable harnesses to feed radiating elements, such as dipoles or patches.
- a disadvantage of this technology is that, as higher frequencies are used, losses increase.
- phase shifters are required.
- a waveguide antenna for use with a cellular-communications base station.
- This antenna includes: parallel plate waveguides, one or more portions of the waveguides forming a curved backwall reflector; one or more radiating elements coupled to the parallel plate waveguides to shape a radiation beam pattern; a feed having at least one source of electromagnetic energy located within the parallel plate waveguides; and a polarizer for rotating a plane of polarization of a radiation beam.
- the shape of the curved backwall portion may approximate a portion of a parabolic curve.
- the curved backwall portion may be shaped to achieve a particular antenna pattern textures or characteristics.
- the feed has two sources of electromagnetic energy located therein in the form of two probes, but may have other numbers of probes.
- sources of electromagnetic energy can be used, such as loops or slots.
- the feed is moveably coupled to the parallel plate waveguide for adjusting the tilt of the radiation beam.
- Each waveguide antenna may have a rectangularly shaped portion of waveguide, with the rectangularly shaped portions of waveguide arranged in parallel with each other.
- the antenna portions containing the curved backwall portions may be located adjacent each other or at opposite ends from each other.
- each waveguide antenna has a curved shape portion of waveguide.
- Figs 1 A and IB are side elevation and top plan views of a waveguide antenna for use in cellular communications in accordance with a first configuration
- Fig. 1C is a side elevation view of the movable feed 130 of Fig. 1A;
- Fig. 2 is a feed pattern for the antenna of Figs. 1A and IB;
- Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a waveguide antenna for use in cellular communications in accordance with a second configuration
- Fig. 4 is a top plan view of a waveguide antenna for use in cellular communications in accordance with a third configuration
- Fig. 5 is a top plan view of a waveguide antenna for use in cellular communications in accordance with a fourth configuration
- Fig. 6 is a top plan view of a waveguide antenna for use in cellular communications in accordance with a fifth configuration
- Figs. 7 A and 7B are side elevation and top plan views of a waveguide antenna for use in cellular communications in accordance with a sixth configuration.
- the antennas implement high gain, low loss waveguide antemias. Generic features of these antenna configurations are as follows:
- a parallel plate waveguide region comprising a pair of conducting plates supporting the TEM mode with a shaped reflecting wall is used to form a beam with desired characteristics.
- the spacing of the parallel plates is less than half a wavelength so that the only waveguide mode that can propagate is one in which the electric field is uniform between the plates.
- a feed typically comprising probes or slots, is used to illuminate the reflector from a focal region.
- the feed normally directs a signal towards the reflecting wall.
- cellular base station antennas require a narrow beam in the elevation plane and a wide beam in the azimuth plane.
- the plates of the parallel plate waveguide region are therefore mounted vertically.
- the parallel plate region is expanded into a horn to form the desired azimuth beam shape.
- the antenna radiates horizontal polarization, since this is the orientation of the field emerging from the parallel plate region.
- Cellular base station antennas are normally required to radiate vertical polarization or slant polarization (linear polarization with the electric vector inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical). Where a polarization other than horizontal is required, a polarizer is placed in front of the horn to effect a rotation of the plane of polarization.
- Steering of the beam over a limited range of angle such as is required to provide adjustable electrical downtilt of the beam may be accomplished by physically changing the location if the feed, typically in a vertical direction. The motion of the feed can, if desired be derived from a motor and be remotely controlled.
- the polarizer may consist of spaced layers of printed patterns designed to produce different phase shifts for the transmission of different polarizations.
- two of the waveguide structures of the type described above can be arranged in any of a number of arrangements shown in the drawings. These arrangements involve the notion of "wrapping" or interlocking the waveguide cavities to provide a more compact structure.
- a waveguide antenna 100 for use with a cellular-communications base station is shown in Figs. 1A and IB.
- the corresponding feed pattern is depicted in Fig. 2.
- the antenna includes parallel plate waveguides 110, a vertical horn 120 coupled to the parallel plate waveguides, a feed 130 having at least one probe 132, and a polarizer 140 for rotating the plane of polarization of a radiation beam.
- the waveguides 110 have a curved backwall reflector, which may have a parabolic or semi-parabolic shape. Optionally, the profile of the curved waveguide backwall may be varied for beam shaping.
- the probe 132 is located within the parallel plate waveguides 110 in the focal region of the curved backwall reflector.
- the feed 130 may have two probes 132.
- the feed is moveably connected to the parallel plate waveguide 110 for adjusting the tilt of the radiation beam.
- the antenna 100 uses an extremely low-loss parallel plate waveguide region to form the required beam. As stripline- and microstrip-circuit components are dispensed with, losses are consequently reduced compared with existing technology.
- Figs. 7A and 7B illustrate a different configuration for the antenna in which the reflector portion is semi-parabolic in shape.
- Figs. 3 and 5 respectively illustrate a pair of waveguide antennas 300 and 500.
- each waveguide pair 310A and 310B is curved, outwardly or inwardly from or to each other, respectively.
- Moveable probes 330 and 530 are located in the waveguides 310 and 510.
- Figs. 4 and 6 respectively illustrate a pair of waveguide antennas 400 and 600.
- a portion of the waveguide 410 and 610 is rectangularly shaped with the reflectors in parallel at one end and at opposite ends, respectively.
- the reflectors in Fig. 6 may be angled from the central axis of each rectangular portion of waveguide.
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPR7091A AUPR709101A0 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2001-08-17 | A waveguide antenna |
AUPR7091 | 2001-08-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003017424A1 true WO2003017424A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
Family
ID=3831046
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2002/000367 WO2003017424A1 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2002-03-28 | Waveguide antennas |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN1555593A (en) |
AU (1) | AUPR709101A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003017424A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009031794A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-12 | Idoit Co., Ltd. | Horn array type antenna for dual linear polarization |
WO2009078630A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | Idoit Co., Ltd. | Horn array type antenna with skew filter |
KR100905914B1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-07-02 | 주식회사 아이두잇 | Dual linear polarization horn array type antenna |
CN103956568A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-30 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Box-shaped fan-beam antenna |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8610633B2 (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2013-12-17 | Victory Microwave Corporation | Dual polarized waveguide slot array and antenna |
WO2020074955A1 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-16 | RF elements s.r.o. | Dual polarized horn antenna with asymmetric radiation pattern |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3775773A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1973-11-27 | Itt | Technique for generating planar beams from a linear doppler line source employing a circular parallel-plate waveguide |
US4051476A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1977-09-27 | Raytheon Company | Parabolic horn antenna with microstrip feed |
US4349827A (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1982-09-14 | Raytheon Company | Parabolic antenna with horn feed array |
US5061943A (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1991-10-29 | Agence Spatiale Europenne | Planar array antenna, comprising coplanar waveguide printed feed lines cooperating with apertures in a ground plane |
US5325105A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1994-06-28 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Ultra-broadband TEM double flared exponential horn antenna |
US5596338A (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-21 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Multifunction antenna assembly |
-
2001
- 2001-08-17 AU AUPR7091A patent/AUPR709101A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-03-28 WO PCT/AU2002/000367 patent/WO2003017424A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-28 CN CNA028181751A patent/CN1555593A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3775773A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1973-11-27 | Itt | Technique for generating planar beams from a linear doppler line source employing a circular parallel-plate waveguide |
US4051476A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1977-09-27 | Raytheon Company | Parabolic horn antenna with microstrip feed |
US4349827A (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1982-09-14 | Raytheon Company | Parabolic antenna with horn feed array |
US5061943A (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1991-10-29 | Agence Spatiale Europenne | Planar array antenna, comprising coplanar waveguide printed feed lines cooperating with apertures in a ground plane |
US5325105A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1994-06-28 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Ultra-broadband TEM double flared exponential horn antenna |
US5596338A (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-21 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Multifunction antenna assembly |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009031794A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-12 | Idoit Co., Ltd. | Horn array type antenna for dual linear polarization |
KR100905914B1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-07-02 | 주식회사 아이두잇 | Dual linear polarization horn array type antenna |
KR101546777B1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2015-08-25 | 주식회사 아이두잇 | Dual linear polarization horn array type antenna using skew filter |
WO2009078630A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | Idoit Co., Ltd. | Horn array type antenna with skew filter |
CN103956568A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-30 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Box-shaped fan-beam antenna |
CN103956568B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-06-01 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of box shape fan-shaped beam antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1555593A (en) | 2004-12-15 |
AUPR709101A0 (en) | 2001-09-06 |
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