WO2003005393A1 - Tubes commutateurs a vide pour courants de court-circuit eleves - Google Patents

Tubes commutateurs a vide pour courants de court-circuit eleves Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003005393A1
WO2003005393A1 PCT/DE2002/002354 DE0202354W WO03005393A1 WO 2003005393 A1 WO2003005393 A1 WO 2003005393A1 DE 0202354 W DE0202354 W DE 0202354W WO 03005393 A1 WO03005393 A1 WO 03005393A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contacts
vacuum interrupter
contact
interrupter according
area
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/002354
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wilfried Haas
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2003005393A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003005393A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum interrupter for high short-circuit currents, with a vacuum housing and contacts arranged therein, at least one of which is a fixed contact and at least one is a moving contact, with a plurality of pairs of contacts which are electrically connected in parallel.
  • a vacuum interrupter is the subject of DE 26 00 305 AI, applications in the medium voltage and high voltage range are provided there.
  • the previously known switching tube is not suitable for the low-voltage range.
  • Low-voltage vacuum switches should be usable and selective at high currents that determine the power range, for which the contacts are often designed as radial field contacts.
  • the contacts When using special radial magnetic field contacts, not only does the repulsive force acting as a result of the current flow in the current transition point occur, but also a repulsive current loop force comes into play due to the current flow in the contacts.
  • closing forces of several 10 kN are necessary when using this type of contact. Since this is very difficult to achieve with the conventional switch lock designs, this problem must be solved in a similar way to conventional low-voltage air switches, where there are several contact points.
  • a frame for the dimensions of vacuum interrupters in low-voltage applications is, to a certain extent, defined for the various switch sizes due to the usual pole center distances. It is also complied with by the tubes described in the patent documents DE 198 02 893 A1, DE 199 10 148 AI and WO 99/38181 AI, which currently. can be used for low voltage vacuum circuit breakers.
  • the invention specifies a technical teaching specifically for low-voltage vacuum switches, switching contacts being able to be arranged closely next to one another in order to achieve high switching powers with low contact forces. According to the invention, that in the case of radial magnetic field or plate contacts instead of the largest possible switching contact - as in the prior art - a plurality of smaller switching contacts increase the switching capacity with lower contact forces, thereby creating a compact switching tube for the low-voltage range.
  • control room can advantageously have a predetermined geometry.
  • Conventional tube housings can be used for this, which have a circular cross section in a known manner, or also housings which have a rectangular or square cross section. Such a cross section is not used in medium and high voltage tubes because of the associated field strength increases.
  • the latter rectangular housing can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the closing force can advantageously be reduced approximately to an nth.
  • AMF contacts are preferably used for high voltage and medium voltage, in which, in addition to the repulsive so-called “current forces,” attractive current loop forces act.
  • radial magnetic field contacts which have repulsive current loop forces are preferably used at low voltage. Under these conditions, large contact forces are necessary in the event of short-circuit currents in order to prevent contact separation before the switch lock is released.
  • the subdivision of the contacts into partial contacts offers the simple possibility of reducing the total contact forces required.
  • the contact force can thus be reduced in the low-voltage range in vacuum interrupters by the arrangements according to the invention of a plurality of radial magnetic field or plate contact pairs in a tube in the same way as in known air switches. Calculations within the scope of the invention have shown that the geometric dimensions of such tubes need not be larger than those which are equipped with a single contact.
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of a known from the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows the top view of the control room from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a control room corresponding to FIG. 2, which is equipped with four contact pairs
  • 4 shows a graphical representation to illustrate the achievable technical improvements as a function of the number of contacts when the tube is round
  • FIG. 5 shows a control room with a rectangular cross section, which is equipped with six pairs of contacts
  • FIG. 6 shows a graphical representation as in FIG Formation of the tube
  • Figure 7 to Figure 9 alternatives for the individual insulation between moving contact and fixed contact
  • FIG. 10 and 11 the common insulation between moving and fixed contacts with different designs of the fixed contacts and the means for lifting movement of the moving contacts and
  • FIG. 12 the improvement of the housing stability by means of reinforcing ribs.
  • a low-voltage vacuum interrupter consists of two hollow cylinders insulated from one another, the end faces of which are closed with metallic surfaces, so that an evacuable housing is formed.
  • the movable contacts are carried out through the end plate that closes off the cylindrical switching space by means of circular-cylindrical bellows or round shaft membrane disks. These each have a centrally arranged power supply bolt. The dimensioning of the membrane disks is described in detail in DE 199 10 148 AI.
  • the fixed contacts are connected to the other end face, in which their common outward current connection is integrated or to which this can be attached.
  • the switching tube 1 shown in FIG. 1 essentially consists of a cylinder 2 connected to it.
  • This structure is closed on both sides by metallic plates 5 and 6.
  • the switching tube 1 encloses a switching chamber 8, in which two switching contacts 10, 20 are arranged so as to be movable relative to one another.
  • the switching contacts 10 and 20 are of identical construction and are mirror images of each other and assume the switching function. In detail is
  • Switching contact 10 is designed as a fixed contact via a switching pin 11 and switching contact 20 is connected to the diaphragm bellows via pins 21 and 22 and is therefore movable.
  • the plan view according to FIG. 2 shows that there is a cylindrical control room between square base plates.
  • the control room 8 contains a pair of contacts with the contacts 10 and 20, with an all-round shielding being unnecessary in such an arrangement. This provides the prerequisites for a contact structure of the switching chamber and the contact arrangement located therein.
  • the switch contacts 10, 20 in FIG. 2 can be conventional plate contacts. However, they can also be designed as so-called radial field contacts, each with spiral-shaped slots that are assigned to one another in a mirror-image manner, as a result of which the switching capacity is correspondingly increased.
  • FIG. 3 shows a control room 8 within a cylinder jacket 2 with a diameter D, in which four circular contacts 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d are shown.
  • Each contact 10a to d has the radius r E , two adjacent contacts each having a distance e tangentially.
  • the circumference of the contacts 10a to 10d touch a circle with a radius d.
  • the diameter of a contact generally determines the switching capacity. For the geometric design of the contacts However, there must be sufficient insulation distances to the tube cylinder and other metallic parts. If the dimensioning information is taken into account in FIG. 3, it follows that the area covered by the contacts 10a to d is approximately 30% of the area of the control room 8. If the ring-shaped edge region with the width a is not taken into account and a surface contact with a diameter d is used as a comparison variable, the value is more than 45%, in particular with four contacts in FIG. 3, about 65%. This is carried out further below using relationships 4 and 8 to 10 for radial magnetic field contacts.
  • the number of contacts is plotted on the abscissa, whereas the ordinate alternatively plots the area utilization on the one hand and the switching switching capacity on the other.
  • a tube with a round cross-section is a prerequisite.
  • the graph 41 indicates the area utilization and the graph 43 the increase in switching power.
  • a contact number 1 assumes 100% use of the area, since the annular edge in the control room is not included in these considerations.
  • FIG . 5 shows a section of a rectangular housing 42 which has the internal dimensions S and T.
  • six round contacts 10a to 10f are arranged, each of which again has the radius r E , adjacent contacts being spaced apart by e.
  • a rectangle with dimensions t and s is enclosed by the external tangents to the individual round contacts 10a to 10f.
  • FIG. 5 compared to FIG. 3, there is a more favorable area occupancy of the contacts 10a to 10f in the available area of the control room 48. Taking into account the dimensioning information, the area occupancy is approximately 50%.
  • FIG. 6 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 4 for a switch housing with a square or rectangular cross section.
  • Graph 61 shows the area utilization and graph 63 the switching capacity. The following apply relationships 4, 8 and 12 dealt with below for radial field contacts.
  • the insulation of the moving contacts from the fixed contacts can either be common for all contact pairs, that is to say as a ring in the housing, as described in DE 198 02 893 AI, or as individual insulation for each contact pair a housing face.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 there are various possibilities for the individual insulation and for carrying out the lifting movement of the moving contacts 20a, 20b, ....
  • the elements are designated in accordance with FIG. 1.
  • a so-called wave membrane disc 44 is provided in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • such a wave membrane disc 44 has the same function as the bellows 4, with the proviso that overall only minor stroke movements are possible.
  • these lower lifting movements are sufficient for the low voltage range.
  • the use of a wave membrane disc 44 is particularly advantageous because it allows the switching space to be flatter and the vacuum switch housing to be made more compact, as will become clear below, for example, from the comparison of FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 For the two alternatives of bellows and membrane bellows, the case of a common insulation ring is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. It is essential here that the end faces 5 and 6 are designed essentially in accordance with FIG. 1 and the insulation ring 3 is interposed.
  • the insulator can consequently not only be circular, but also rectangular or square.
  • the fixed contact 10 is designed as a common plate contact, while the moving contacts 20a, 20b on the membrane bellows 44a, 44b are individual contacts, which are advantageously designed as radial magnetic field contacts. With such an arrangement, the switching capacity is not as high as that shown in FIG. 10. The reduction in contact force is retained.
  • the bellows or membrane disks of the movable individual contacts are connected directly to one end plate.
  • the radius r RMF of an individual contact should be in the range 20 mm ⁇ RMF ⁇ 30 mm (2).
  • the radius r P of a corresponding plate contact should be limited to 1 mm ⁇ r p ⁇ 20 mm (3) with regard to the switching capacity of the overall arrangement, which is determined both by the area of a pair of contacts and their number.
  • the smallest distance a between the individual contacts and the shield or the tube housing wall is ⁇ (0.10 ... 0.15) ⁇ (6)
  • the distance e between the individual contacts should, on the one hand, be as small as possible, so that arcing in all contact gaps is ensured quickly. Given the unavoidable fluctuations in the separation of the contact pairs, an arc initially arises in the gap between the contacts that opened last. The plasma flowing out of it should quickly reach the neighboring column so that arcs can also be ignited quickly and the total current divided into several pairs of individual contacts. Because of the increasing u (i) characteristic of the arc voltage of contracted vacuum arcs, the division into partial currents, the value of which is at least 15-20 kA, is guaranteed for instantaneous currents i above 20-30 kA.
  • e / 2r E should be around 5%.
  • several contacts can be arranged on a circumference in the center.
  • reinforcing ribs 45 can be fitted in the area between two pairs of switch contacts in order to increase the stability of the housing jacket 42. This is shown in detail in FIG. 12. According to Figure 11, the execution of the fixed contacts as a single common round or rectangular plate is possible.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

On connaît les boîtiers à vide pour systèmes basse tension, comportant des contacts disposés dans l'espace de commande, dont au moins un est un contact fixe et au moins un autre, un contact mobile, les deux formant une paire de contacts. Selon l'invention, il est prévu pour l'utilisation dans la plage basse tension de l'espace de commande (8) du boîtier (1), plusieurs paires de contacts (10a, 20a, à 10f, 20f), qui sont commutées électriquement mutuellement en parallèle. La surface occupée par les contacts (10a 10f ; 20a 21) absorbe au moins 30 % de la surface de la section transversale dans l'espace de commande (8, 48) et la surface des contacts (10a 10f ; 20a 20f) représente au moins 45 % par rapport à la surface maximale occupée par un seul contact (10). On parvient ainsi à une réduction de la force de contact, qui doit être donnée en cas de court-circuit afin de garantir un comportement sélectif vis-à-vis d'interrupteurs montés en aval.
PCT/DE2002/002354 2001-06-29 2002-06-27 Tubes commutateurs a vide pour courants de court-circuit eleves WO2003005393A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10131595.3 2001-06-29
DE10131595 2001-06-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003005393A1 true WO2003005393A1 (fr) 2003-01-16

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/DE2002/002354 WO2003005393A1 (fr) 2001-06-29 2002-06-27 Tubes commutateurs a vide pour courants de court-circuit eleves

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7384945B2 (en) * 2004-10-27 2008-06-10 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Indole or benzimidazole derivatives as CB1 inverse agonists

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1389836A (fr) * 1964-03-20 1965-02-19 Ass Elect Ind Perfectionnements à des interrupteurs à vide
GB1210600A (en) * 1968-04-26 1970-10-28 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to vacuum switch contacts
US3970809A (en) * 1975-02-10 1976-07-20 General Electric Company Electric circuit breaker comprising parallel-connected vacuum interrupters
JP2000268685A (ja) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp スイッチギヤ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1389836A (fr) * 1964-03-20 1965-02-19 Ass Elect Ind Perfectionnements à des interrupteurs à vide
GB1210600A (en) * 1968-04-26 1970-10-28 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to vacuum switch contacts
US3970809A (en) * 1975-02-10 1976-07-20 General Electric Company Electric circuit breaker comprising parallel-connected vacuum interrupters
JP2000268685A (ja) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp スイッチギヤ

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 12 3 January 2001 (2001-01-03) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7384945B2 (en) * 2004-10-27 2008-06-10 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Indole or benzimidazole derivatives as CB1 inverse agonists

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