WO2002103280A1 - Protection of blast holes - Google Patents
Protection of blast holes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002103280A1 WO2002103280A1 PCT/AU2002/000794 AU0200794W WO02103280A1 WO 2002103280 A1 WO2002103280 A1 WO 2002103280A1 AU 0200794 W AU0200794 W AU 0200794W WO 02103280 A1 WO02103280 A1 WO 02103280A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plug
- blast hole
- liquid
- retaining means
- sealing
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/24—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor characterised by the tamping material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/16—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the art of blasting. It has particular application to preparation of blast holes
- liquid shall be taken as comprising any liquid, slurry or material having liquid like properties.
- the present invention discloses a method of protecting a predrilled, uncharged blast hole comprising the step of substantially filling the blast hole with a liquid prior to blasting adjacent holes.
- the present invention resides in a method of protecting a predrilled, uncharged blast hole comprising the steps of substantially filling the blast hole with a liquid before adjacent blasting is conducted and sealing the entry of the blast hole.
- the entry of the blast hole is sealed by inserting a plug into the entry of the blast hole and positioning the plug adjacent to the entry of the blast hole.
- liquid is delivered into the blast hole after the plug is inserted.
- the entry of the blast hole is lined before it is sealed by the plug.
- the invention also resides in a plug adapted to seal a blast hole against leakage of liquid comprising sealing means adapted to provide sealing engagement between the bore of the blast hole and the plug, and retaining means adapted to positionally retain the plug within the blast hole.
- the sealing engagement is releasable.
- the sealing means is adapted to provide sealing engagement between the bore of the blast hole and the plug by expansion of the sealing means.
- the sealing means is responsive to pressure to provide sealing engagement.
- the sealing means comprises a seal seated in a groove.
- the sealing means comprises a seal having a 'IT shaped cross-section.
- the sealing means comprises a seal having a circular cross-section.
- the retaining means is adapted to retain the plug within the blast hole by releasable engagement of the retaining means with the bore of the blast hole.
- the engagement of the retaining means with the bore of the blast hole is effected by expansion of the retaining means.
- the retaining means when in use, is adapted to provide additional retaining force to the bore of the blast hole when additional force is applied to the plug from within that portion of the blast hole enclosed by the plug.
- the retaining means comprises an annular member received around the plug, the annular member having a plurality of axially spanning engagement ribs surrounding the periphery of the annular member means.
- the annular member comprises a plurality of part-annular segments.
- the inner surface of the retaining means is tapered.
- the plug is associated with a supply duct adapted to allow the passage of liquid past the plug.
- the supply duct is provided through the plug.
- the plug is further provided with pressure- communication means adapted to communicate pressure from the supply duct to the sealing means.
- the supply duct is provided with a pressurising nozzle adapted to restrict the flow of liquid through the nozzle and thereby ensure pressure is provided within the supply duct during filling of the blast hole with liquid.
- the plug is associated with a breather duct adapted to allow the passage of air past the plug.
- the breather duct is provided through the plug.
- the plug further comprises a bleed hole adapted to provide re-sealable communication between the breather duct and an external surface of the plug.
- the tube engages the breather duct. According to an alternative embodiment, the tube engages the supply duct.
- the external surface of the main body is tapered.
- the tapered surface of the main body is adapted to cooperate with the tapered surface of the retaining means to provide expansion of the retaining means.
- the plug is re-usable.
- the plug is disposable.
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic elevation view of a mine site wherein an embodiment of the invention may be utilized
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of the mine site illustrated in Figure 1 though Section A-A diagrammatically illustrating a typical arrangement of longholes emanating from a point in the mine tunnel;
- Figure 3 is a sectional elevation view of a longhole in which a plug is positioned in accordance with a preferred embodiment
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of a plug in accordance with a preferred embodiment
- Figure 5 is a cross-section of the breather hole through section line B-B of the embodiment as shown in Figure 4;
- Figure 6 is an isometric view of engagement means of a plug in accordance with the embodiment as shown in Figure 4.
- FIG. 1 depicts a diagrammatical cross-sectional view of an underground mine site engaged in stope mining in a conventional manner.
- the mine site comprises an ore body 11 identified for removal, at which preliminary mining has been undertaken to establish a substantially vertical ore face 12, hereinafter referred to as a vertical ore face.
- the excavated region in front of the vertical ore face 12 is termed the gallery 13. Access is obtained to the gallery 13 by a lower tunnel 14 driven below the ore body 11. Ore is removed from the ore body 11 by blasting successive sections of ore from the vertical ore face 12, thereby enlarging the gallery 13 and creating a new vertical ore face with each blasting operation.
- the height of ore mined in this way in a single blasting operation is in the range of 10 to 50 metres.
- the depth of each section removed in a single blasting operation depends on the ore being mined.
- the ore is removed from the gallery 13 by vehicles which gain access through the tunnel.
- the ore is mined in a series of vertical layers in the above-described manner.
- the preparation for blasting comprises the step of drilling a group of longholes from a location along the tunnel in an arrangement that fans upwardly into the ore from the tunnel roof.
- the group of longholes are coplanar in a plane parallel to the vertical ore face 12.
- Each location in the tunnel at which a group of longholes is drilled is termed a ring.
- the longholes are filled with explosive and detonated to blast free the ore between the ring and the vertical ore face 12.
- Longholes are drilled by rock drills mounted on a vehicle known as a longhole drill rig. It is common practice to drill longholes at a series of rings along the length of a tunnel before blasting is commenced. This is partly due to costs of operating the longhole drill rig and general mining efficiencies. Usually, only the longholes of the ring nearest the vertical ore face 12 are filled with explosive and detonated in one blasting operation. In some circumstances, longholes of a plurality of rings will be blasted at once. The remaining longholes of rings further back from the vertical face are left uncharged during adjacent blasting. It is common that the uncharged longholes adjacent those that are exploded are damaged by the neighbouring explosion. Damaged longholes must be repaired by re-drilling or other means and the repair work adds cost to the mining operation.
- the present embodiment discloses a method of protecting the predrilled, uncharged longholes which has been devised to eliminate or at least reduce the damage to the longholes as mentioned above.
- This method comprises the process of substantially filling the longholes with a liquid prior to detonating an explosion in longholes of a neighbouring ring or rings.
- the liquid to be used will depend upon the circumstances of the ore to be mined. Where the longhole is drilled in impervious material, the preferred liquid will generally be water due to its availability and ease of use. However, where the ore is porous or contains cracks, an alternative liquid, having viscous or sealing properties, may be required.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a sectional view of the embodiment and shows a plug comprising a main body (201) and a separate retaining means (202).
- the main body (201) comprises a body having a first end (202), a second end (203), a first cylindrical portion (212), a second cylindrical portion (221 ) and a tapered portion (222).
- the main body further comprises a liquid supply duct (214) and a breather duct (215), which ducts extend longitudinally through the main body from the first end (202) to the second end (203).
- the first cylindrical portion (212) extends from the first end of the main body and comprises a cylindrical periphery (216) having a diameter adapted to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the longhole in which the plug is to be used to enable the main body to be inserted and guided within the longhole without difficulty.
- a groove (217) adapted to receive a seal (218).
- the seal (218) comprises a circular seal body having a U section, and is adapted to be expanded by pressure into sealing engagement with the bore of the longhole.
- the seal (218) is provided with an outer surface adapted to engage the bore of the longhole, thereby providing sealing engagement, and an inner surface opposed to the outer surface.
- the plug is further provided with a pressurizing hole which extends from the supply duct to the groove (217). Pressure is applied to the inner surface of the seal from the supply duct through the pressurizing hole (219).
- the second cylindrical portion (221) adjoins the first cylindrical; portion (212) and has a reduced diameter from that of the first cylindrical portion (212).
- the tapered portion (222) extends from the second cylindrical portion (221) and is provided with a taper reducing in diameter towards the second end (202) of the main body.
- the edge of the tapered portion (213) at the second end (202) of the main body is chamfered.
- the supply duct (214) is threaded at each end. The end of the supply duct (214) at the first end (202) of the main body is intended to be engaged by a pressurizing nozzle (220).
- the breather duct (215) is adapted to receive and seal a breather tube (110) by having an opening (223) at the first end (202) of the main body of enlarged diameter.
- Sealing means (224) in the form of an O-ring is provided within the enlarged opening and to sealingly engage the breather tube (110).
- a threaded end of the breather duct (215) is provided at the second end (203) of the main body.
- a bleed hole (225) enters the breather duct intermediate the length of the thread of the threaded end.
- a bleed duct (226) extends from the second end (203) of the main body to the bleed hole (225) to provide a passageway between the breather duct (215) and second end (203) of the main body.
- the threaded end of breather duct (215) is adapted to be threadably engaged by a rod (108) to provide sealing of the breather duct when the rod (108) is fully engaged in the threaded end and to provide communication from the breather tube, through the bleed hole (225) and bleed duct (226) to the second end of the main body when the rod (108) is disengaged sufficiently to open the bleed hole (225).
- the retaining means (111 ) comprises a pair of part-annular segments (112), each of which is provided with an outer surface (113), an inner surface (114), a first radial face (115), a second radial face (116), an upper end (117) and a lower end (118).
- the outer surface (113) comprises a plurality of axially spaced engagement ribs around the periphery of the part-annular segment (112).
- Each engagement rib is provided with an engagement edge (124) adapted to retainingly engage the bore of the longhole.
- the first radial face (115) of each part-annular segment is provided with at least one tab (131) circumferentially extending from the first radial face (115).
- the second radial face (115) is provided with at least one slot (132) disposed at a position along its length corresponding to the position of the tab (131 ) and adapted to be loosely engaged by the corresponding tab (131) of the second of the pair of part-annular segments (111 ).
- the two part-annular segments (112) are positioned together, the first radial face (115) of a one part-annular segment adjoining the second radial face (116) of the other part-annular segment, the tab (131 ) of the one part-annular segment loosely engaging the slot (132) of the other part-annular segment, thereby preventing relative longitudinal movement between the two part-annular segments (112) during insertion in the longhole.
- the two part- annular segments are held together by resilient means such as O-rings placed around the outer surface (113).
- the inner surface (114) of the each part-annular segment (112) has two portions, an first portion (141 ) of regular profile which, when disposed with the corresponding second part-annular segment, provides a cylindrical profile, and a second portion (142) which, when disposed with the corresponding second part-annular segment, provides a tapered profile.
- the angle of taper of the second portions (142) of the part-annular segments corresponds with the angle of taper of the tapered portion (222) of the main body.
- the use of the plug (102) is more clearly shown in Figure 3.
- the plug (102) is inserted a short depth into the longhole and positioned adjacent to the entry of the long hole.
- the depth of insertion is in the order of 1 metre.
- the supply duct (214) and the breather duct (215) provide communication between the tunnel and the portion of the longhole enclosed by the plug (102).
- a supply pipe (106) threadably engages the supply duct (214) at the second end (203) of the main body (201) and extends into the tunnel.
- a stop- valve (107) is provided on the supply pipe (106) adjacent the end within the tunnel.
- a supply hose (103) having a valve (104) is connected to the supply pipe (106) to enable liquid to be delivered into the longhole by opening valve (104) and stop-valve (107),
- a breather tube (110) is sealingly received in the opening (223) of the breather duct (215) and extends into the longhole to adjacent the inner end (100) of the longhole (101 ) opposed to the plug (102).
- a rod (108) engages the threaded end of the breather duct (215).
- the breather tube (110) of appropriate length is first inserted into the longhole.
- the breather tube (110) has at least some flexibility enabling it to be coiled yet is sufficiently rigid so that it will not buckle while being inserted into the longhole.
- Polythene tubing of the type used in domestic reticulation systems is found to be particularly suitable.
- the end adjacent the entry of the longhole is inserted into the breather duct in the main body (102), being sealed by the O-ring (224).
- Supply pipe (106) and rod (108) are attached to the main body (102).
- the pair of part-annular segments (112) of the retaining means (111 ) are arranged in relation to the main body (102) and retained by O-rings (122) around the periphery of the part-annular segments. Thereafter, the assembly is inserted into the longhole to an appropriate distance.
- the valve (104) of supply hose (103) is opened and liquid passes through the supply pipe (106) into the supply duct (214).
- the liquid passes through the pressurizing nozzle (220) which has an opening smaller in diameter than the diameter of the supply duct (214), thereby ensuring a pressure is maintained within the supply duct (214) during the initial phase of filling.
- Pressure is applied to the inner surface of the seal (218) through pressurising hole (219), thereby urging the outer face of seal (218) into contact with the bore of the longhole and ensuring sealing engagement during the filling process. After filling is completed, pressure is maintained upon the seal by the pressure from the head of liquid within the longhole.
- the liquid When it is time to fill the longhole with explosive, the liquid is removed from the longhole by opening the valve (107) of supply pipe (106) as well opening breather duct (215) by unscrewing rod (108) past the breather hole (225).
- the liquid escapes under its own weight while air enters the longhole through the bleed duct (226), bleed hole (225) and breather duct (215).
- the plug is removed from the longhole by inwardly tapping the main body (201 ) from the tunnel, thereby tending to move it out of engagement with the retaining means (111 ). Meanwhile, the O-rings (122) urge the two part-annular segments together to cease their engagement with the bore of the longhole, and thus enabling removal.
- the plug according to the first embodiment has been found to be especially effective in retaining the plug at its position within the longhole when the shock wave of a neighbouring blast strikes.
- the shock wave acts like a hammer on the main body (201 ) with a force which might drive it from the hole.
- the shock wave results in a substantially lateral expansion force being applied by the retaining means against the bore of longhole. This force provides an additional retaining force of the plug within the hole, thereby preventing it from being "shot” from the hole by the neighbouring explosion.
- the main body (201 ) and retaining means (202) plug according to the first embodiment may be constructed from suitable metal such as mild steel or cast iron. Alternatively, one or both of the components may be formed from other suitable materials such as certain rigid plastics material. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that any particular choice of material or materials will provide a set of characteristics which provide certain advantages and disadvantages in a particular application. It is believed that characteristics of the particular mine site such as the nature of the ground will influence the selection of the materials which are best chosen in that instance.
- the blast hole is drilled from the surface above the material.
- a simpler, disposable plug may be inserted within the entry of the hole and sealed by known sealing means. This plug may be removed when its use has finished and discarded.
- a re-usable plug is provided having a supply duct and a breather duct. Before filling the blast hole, tubing is inserted into the blast hole and engaged with the supply hole. When it is time to remove the liquid, it may be pumped out through the tube and supply duct.
- a plug which has features identical to those of the first embodiment, but in addition is provided with a check valve associated with the supply duct.
- the check valve operates as a one way valve to permit the passage of liquid into the longhole, but not in the opposite direction.
- the plug is further provided with a release valve adapted to be releasably operable from the tunnel.
- the release valve seals a drain duct which provides communication between the lower end of the main body and the supply duct, thereby providing means to drain the liquid from the longhole after adjacent blasting is completed.
- a bolt is used to seal the breather tube instead of rod (108). The bolt may be tightened or released from the tunnel by an appropriate portable tool.
- This embodiment provides the feature that, when installed in the longhole, no pipes or rods extend from it into the tunnel. This is advantageous in certain applications. It is believed that the reason for damage being caused to an empty longhole adjoining a neighbouring explosion is because the shock wave from the . explosion meets an interface at the longhole between the ore and the air of the empty longhole. It is known that the energy from such shock waves is not transmitted well into the air at such an interface and that a substantial proportion of the energy is reflected or dissipated at the interface. The energy dissipated tends to vibrate the fragile rock surface, dislodging some of it and thereby damaging the longhole.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/481,307 US20040237826A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2002-06-19 | Protection of blast holes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPR5820 | 2001-06-20 | ||
AUPR5820A AUPR582001A0 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2001-06-20 | Protection of blast holes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002103280A1 true WO2002103280A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
Family
ID=3829791
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2002/000794 WO2002103280A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2002-06-19 | Protection of blast holes |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040237826A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AUPR582001A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002103280A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200302058B (en) |
Cited By (4)
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CN104567567A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | Uncoupled loaded blast hole water injecting method utilized during tunnel blasting construction |
CN106761743A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-31 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Continuous slitting pocket type filling room-and-pillar method dead zone stooping pillaring method |
CN108798670A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-13 | 山西西山晋兴能源有限责任公司斜沟煤矿 | A method of it improving super high seam fully mechanized coal face and just adopts coal recovery rate |
CN112502709A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-16 | 中南大学 | Pre-control top intelligent mining method for vertical medium-length hole VCR ore breaking and immediate filling after explosion |
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CN104594903A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-05-06 | 攀钢集团工程技术有限公司 | Ore breaking method for whole-section high combination rock drilling blasting |
CN107436990B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2021-02-05 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | Compensation-free space blasting fault processing method |
CN110487137B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-07-23 | 山东科技大学 | Deep hole pre-splitting water coupling blasting charging structure and construction method |
CN112902776B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2023-11-28 | 陕西新通宇彤智能科技有限公司 | Expansion sealing sleeve of high-voltage electromagnetic blasting device |
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EP0291926A1 (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1988-11-23 | THERMOPLAST & APPARATEBAU GMBH | Borehole closure plug |
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2001
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-
2002
- 2002-06-19 US US10/481,307 patent/US20040237826A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-19 WO PCT/AU2002/000794 patent/WO2002103280A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2003
- 2003-03-13 ZA ZA200302058A patent/ZA200302058B/en unknown
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GB1237193A (en) * | 1968-01-31 | 1971-06-30 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Method of effecting underground blasting operations |
AU511684B2 (en) * | 1979-07-18 | 1980-08-28 | Jack Kennedy Sturgess | Shaft sinking |
EP0291926A1 (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1988-11-23 | THERMOPLAST & APPARATEBAU GMBH | Borehole closure plug |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20040237826A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
AUPR582001A0 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
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