WO2002090296A2 - Explosif a particules a ecoulement libre - Google Patents

Explosif a particules a ecoulement libre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002090296A2
WO2002090296A2 PCT/ZA2002/000065 ZA0200065W WO02090296A2 WO 2002090296 A2 WO2002090296 A2 WO 2002090296A2 ZA 0200065 W ZA0200065 W ZA 0200065W WO 02090296 A2 WO02090296 A2 WO 02090296A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosive
water
emulsion
fuel
particulate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ZA2002/000065
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002090296A3 (fr
Inventor
Paul Nicolaas Venter
Francois Kruger
Charles Michael Lownds
Original Assignee
Sasol Chemical Industries Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sasol Chemical Industries Limited filed Critical Sasol Chemical Industries Limited
Publication of WO2002090296A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002090296A2/fr
Publication of WO2002090296A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002090296A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C04B24/18—Lignin sulfonic acid or derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfite lye
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/302—Water reducers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a water-resistant particulate explosive.
  • the inventors are aware that ammonium nitrate explosive mixtures have been known for many years, and since that time have evolved through various stages.
  • ANFO In use, ANFO is most commonly delivered into vertical holes in surface mines by auger. In underground mining, ANFO is conventionally pneumatically (or blow) loaded into small and intermediate diameter boreholes.
  • ANFO can be waterproofed by mixing it with an adequate amount of a water-resistant fluid.
  • Such explosives are called "Heavy ANFO".
  • the Heavy ANFO in common use today comprises a mixture of ANFO with a fluid water-in-oil emulsion. In order to adequately coat all the ANFO particles, more than about 40% of emulsion is required in the Heavy ANFO.
  • These explosives are most commonly augered into dewatered boreholes. They can be pumped into water-filled holes of the emulsion content of the blend is greater than about 55%.
  • an explosive which includes 21.4- 50% m/m of an explosive emulsion comprising a discontinuous phase which includes an oxidizing salt and a continuous phase which includes a fuel and which is immiscible with the discontinuous phase; 50-78.6% m/m ammonium nitrate prills; and a water-resisting agent for inhibiting deterioration of the ammonium nitrate prills in the presence of water with which the explosive may come in contact during use, which agent has the effect of inhibiting access of water to the ammonium nitrate prills, the prills being dispersed in and surrounded by the emulsion and the water-resisting agent.
  • particulate explosives can be prepared from blends of ammonium nitrate prills or ANFO, and a fluid, wherein the fluid is either a slurry or a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a higher density explosive than ANFO in a borehole after pneumatic loading.
  • the amount of fluid added is less than about 25% for the slurry or less than about 18% for the emulsion. In both cases, the amount of fluid added is insufficient to provide a water-resistant coating for the prills.
  • This granular explosive is not claimed to be water-resistant and would not be expected to exhibit any degree of water resistance. It's use is thus restricted to the dry blasting conditions to which ANFO is restricted.
  • the inventors have identified a need for a particulate explosive which can be prepared as such in a factory, stored as such, and transported as such to it's place of use, and which has water tolerance while being able to be pneumatically loaded into boreholes using conventional apparatus without any separation of the explosives into its constituent parts. Further, it would be advantageous if such a particulate explosive was also cap sensitive and could be used in small diameter boreholes.
  • the invention provides a free flowing particulate explosive composition based on a particulate solid oxidiser which is rendered water resistant by the inclusion of a water- resisting emulsion including one or more hydrophobic and, optionally one or more water binding agent.
  • the invention extends to a free-flowing particulate explosive comprising - 20% to 90% by mass of a particulate solid oxidiser;
  • nonstick is to be understood to mean that particles coated with the emulsion do not stick to each other i.e. no or reduced cohesion, as well as that the particles do not stick to packaging material such as bags and boxes i.e. no or reduced adhesion, thereby rendering the explosive free-flowing.
  • Said explosive may be water-resistant after consolidation.
  • the consolidation may be by means of compression in a closed cylindrical space, such as a borehole or test pipe, by pneumatically loading said explosive into the space.
  • the test pipe may be the product pipe of the water resistant detonation test of the examples.
  • the particulate solid oxidiser is encapsulated in said emulsion while maintaining the flowability of the encapsulated particles.
  • Said emulsion may comprise of a discontinuous phase which includes one or more oxidising salts; and a continuous phase, which includes one or more fuels and one or more emulsifiers, and which is immiscible with the discontinuous phase.
  • the solid oxidiser may be a porous prill or granule.
  • the prill or granule may contain hollow microballoons.
  • the solid oxidiser may be substantially voidless i.e. without hollow microballoons.
  • the oxidising salt of said emulsion may comprise an aqueous solution of one or more salts selected from the group which consists of the nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates of ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metals, or mixtures thereof.
  • the oxidising salt may comprise an aqueous solution of one or more salts selected from the group which consists of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and calcium nitrate.
  • the oxidising salt may comprise a melt of one or more salts selected from the group which consists of the nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates of ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metals, or mixtures thereof.
  • the oxidising salt may comprise a melt of one or more salts selected from the group which consists of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and calcium nitrate.
  • the continuous phase may comprise of fuel selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, silicone oils, or mixtures thereof, mineral oils, fuel oils, lubricating oils, liquid paraffin, nitro-paraffin, microcrystalline waxes, PEG waxes, paraffin waxes, nitro-paraffin wax, xylene, petrolatum, toluene, dinitrotoluene, silicone oil, polyester, hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene, polymers, poly-olefins and derivatives thereof, or mixtures of two or more of the aforegoing.
  • fuel selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, silicone oils, or mixtures thereof, mineral oils, fuel oils, lubricating oils, liquid paraffin, nitro-paraffin, microcrystalline waxes, PEG waxes, paraffin waxes, nitro-paraffin wax, xylene, petrolatum, toluene, dinitrotoluene, silicone oil, polyester
  • the fuel may be a hydrocarbon wax with a melting point of between 30°C and150°C.
  • the fuel may be a hydrocarbon wax with a melting point of between 70°C and 90°C.
  • At least one of the fuels may be cross-linked.
  • the fuel may comprise an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters, polymeric emulsifiers, or any emulsifiers known in the art.
  • the emulsifier may be polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, derivative thereof, and analogues thereof.
  • a fuel may be added to the solid oxidiser, which fuel is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, mineral oil, paraffin, nitro-paraffin, diesel fuels, vegetable oils, used engine oil, guar gums, polyacrylamides, xantham gum, locust bean gum, chemically modified guar gum, galactomannan gum, pre-hydrolysed starches, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyacrylate esters, polyacrylic acid, derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
  • the solid oxidiser which fuel is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, mineral oil, paraffin, nitro-paraffin, diesel fuels, vegetable oils, used engine oil, guar gums, polyacrylamides, xantham gum, locust bean gum, chemically modified guar gum, galactomannan gum, pre-hydrolysed starches, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyacrylate esters, polyacrylic acid, derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
  • Said emulsion may comprise 4% to 30% fuel as continuous phase and 70% to 96% oxidiser as discontinuous phase.
  • the density of said emulsion may be reduced by adding one or more substances selected from the group consisting of plastic microspheres, glass microspheres, and other density-reducing agents.
  • a particulate solid material which affects the energy or reactivity of the explosive may be added to the explosive prior to or during the coating process.
  • the particulate solid material may be aluminium.
  • the explosive particles may be coated with a suitable parting agent including talc, anthracite, stearates, silicates, kaolin, plastic microspheres, glass microspheres, or mixtures thereof, to assist in the free-flowing properties of the explosive and to reduce agglomeration during storage.
  • the explosive composition may be a cap-sensitive free flowing particulate explosive composition including ammonium nitrate prills and having said emulsion coating which is chosen to prevent cohesion and therefore permit free flowing of the coated particles.
  • solid oxidizer which may be porous prill ammonium nitrate (PPAN)
  • PPAN porous prill ammonium nitrate
  • a hydrophobic solid wax emulsion composition consisting of a discontinuous phase which includes an oxidising salt, typically ammonium nitrate, or salt mixtures and a continuous phase which includes a fuel and emulsifier which is immiscible with the discontinuous phase.
  • a water binding agent for inhibiting deterioration of the particulate oxidizer in the presence of water by drawing water into said substance may be distributed into and/or onto the solid oxidizer and/or the emulsion coating the particulate oxidizer.
  • the water binding agent may be a gelling agent which gels in the presence of free water
  • the water binding agent may be selected from guar gum, polyacrylamide, xantham gum, locust bean gum, chemically modified guar gum, galactomannan gum, pre-hydrolysed starch, carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylate ester, polyacrylic acid, derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
  • the fuel content of the explosive may be adjusted, for example by adding an acceptable fuel oil to the solid oxidizer thereby to oxygen balance the resultant explosive.
  • the oil adjustment may conveniently take place before the solid oxidizer is coated in the emulsion.
  • the water binding agent and the emulsion have the effect of inhibiting access of water to the solid oxidizer thereby inhibiting the solid oxidizer from dissolving in the water.
  • the emulsion also provides the particulate explosive with a higher particle density and a higher bulk density than conventional ANFO and thus produce higher in-hole densities after pneumatic loading.
  • the explosive composition of the invention typically has the following components:
  • Emulsion Hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, silicone oils or mixtures thereof, mineral oils, fuel oils, lubricating oils, liquid paraffin, nitro-paraffin, microcrystalline waxes, PEG waxes, paraffin waxes, nitro-paraffin waxes xylene, petrolatum, toluene, dinitrotoluene, silicone oil, poly-olefins and derivatives thereof or mixtures of two or more thereof.
  • the fuel may contain 1% to 4% of any suitable emulsifier or mixtures of emulsifiers, preferably emulsifiers of the polymeric kind and more preferably of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivative type.
  • the fuel phase typically includes one or more hardening agents selected from waxes having a softening point of from 30°C to 150°C, usually from 50°C to 100°C; and a needle penetration hardness of 0.0mm to 5.0mm (ASTM D1321- 86).
  • the fuel phase may contain a cross-linkable organic material in addition to or instead of the wax.
  • These properties at least in part provide the particulate explosive with water resistance and its granular, free-flowing property by preventing cohesion amongst the coated prills.
  • an oxidizer phase as a discontinuous phase, selected from one or more alkali metal nitrates, alkali metal perchlorates, alkaline earth metal nitrates, alkaline earth metal perchlorates, most preferably ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
  • the oxidising salt may be present as an aqueous solution.
  • the oxidizer may contain 1% to 30% water.
  • Additives such as from 0% to 4% micro-spheres of the glass or plastic type, with a particle size distribution of 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m and mixtures of two or more thereof may then be added to the emulsion as sensitizer and /or density reducing agent.
  • Other additives may be added to enhance certain properties of the particulate explosive like aluminium, aluminium oxides, thermite, magnetite, hematite, iron oxide, sulfur; carbonaceous materials such as coke, charcoal, carbon black, anthracite and/or mixtures of two or more thereof.
  • the emulsion may have the following properties:
  • Solid Oxidizer, Fuel and Additives The particulate solid oxidizer having from 90% to 100%, prills, granules or crystals of high or low density and of high or low porosity and containing nitrates and/or perchlorates of ammonia and/or alkali and/or alkaline earth and/or mixtures of two or more thereof, 0% to 10% of one or more hydrophilic substance selected from guar gums, polyacrylamides, xantham gum, locust bean gum, chemically modified guar gum, galactomannan gum, pre-hydrolysed starches, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyacrylate esters, polyacrylic acid derivatives in conjunction with or without cross-linking agents, and mixtures of two or more thereof and/or 0% to 6% of one or more fuel selected from hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, silicone oils and mixtures thereof, selected from mineral oils, fuel oils, lubricating oils, liquid paraffin, nitro-paraffin,
  • the particulate oxidiser is then encapsulated by coating with 10% to 80% m/m, calculated on the total mass of the emulsion and the particulate oxidizer, of the above mentioned emulsion using equipment known in the coating art.
  • the particulate oxidizer can be in the form of flakes, granules, prills and/or mixtures of two or more thereof.
  • the particles of the explosive composition may be coated with 0% to 4% m/m, on a total mass basis, of a parting agent selected from talc, kaolin, alkaline earth metal silicates, earth metal silicates and Silicone oils and mixtures of two or more thereof and to assist in the free flowing and pneumatic loading of the product, 0% to 2% m/m micro- sphere of the glass or plastic type, with a particle size distribution of 1 ⁇ m to 10OO ⁇ m and mixtures of two or more thereof, can be added.
  • a parting agent selected from talc, kaolin, alkaline earth metal silicates, earth metal silicates and Silicone oils and mixtures of two or more thereof and to assist in the free flowing and pneumatic loading of the product, 0% to 2% m/m micro- sphere of the glass or plastic type, with a particle size distribution of 1 ⁇ m to 10OO ⁇ m and mixtures of two or more thereof, can be added.
  • the explosive composition particles of the present invention may be packed in bags or boxes and pneumatically loaded at the mine into small diameter bore holes (20mm to 75mm in diameter) under extreme wet conditions with conventional pneumatic loading equipment.
  • a particulate free flowing water-resistant explosive composition was prepared including a hydrophobic emulsion and a solid oxidiser: Emulsion:
  • the emulsion (Hydrophobic Agent) to encapsulate by coating the solid oxidizer was prepared as follows:
  • the resultant product was then dusted with 1.0% parting agent and 0.05% plastic micro balloons to form a free flowing particulate explosive material with a coating thickness of up to 1.5mm and particle size of between 1mm - 4mm in diameter.
  • This explosive was pneumatically loaded into pipes and subjected to the water-resistant and detonation tests described below, with satisfactory results.
  • a particulate free flowing water-resistant explosive composition was prepared including a hydrophobic emulsion and a solid oxidiser:
  • the emulsion of this example (Hydrophobic Agent) to encapsulate by coating the solid oxidizer was prepared using the above formulation and the methods of example 1.
  • the resulting emulsion had a viscosity of ⁇ 5000 cP Brookfield #3 spindle @ 10 rpm at 100°C and a solid wax consistency at below 60°C.
  • the emulsion was kept at 100°C until it was ready to coat the solid oxidizer phase.
  • the resultant product was then dusted with 0.02% plastic micro balloons to form a free flowing particulate with a coating thickness of up to 1.5mm and particle size of between 1 mm - 4mm in diameter that can be compacted to a homogeneous explosives column when pneumatically loaded with conventional pneumatic loading equipment.
  • a particulate free flowing water-resistant explosive composition was prepared including a hydrophobic emulsion and a solid oxidiser: Emulsion:
  • the emulsion of this example (Hydrophobic Agent) to encapsulate by coating the solid oxidizer was prepared using the above formulation and the methods of example 1.
  • the resulting emulsion had a viscosity of ⁇ 5000 cP Brookfield #3 spindle @ 10 rpm at 100°C and a solid wax consistency at below 60°C.
  • the emulsion was kept at 100°C until it was ready to coat the solid oxidizer phase.
  • the particulate explosives were tested for water-resistance using the test method described below.
  • test result is positive when the water has not penetrated more than 8mm into either slot area or more than 15 mm into the explosive at the open end of the pipe. 1.3.6 If either one of the slots in the pipe showed water penetration more than 8mm, or the open end showed more than 15mm, the test result is negative.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un explosif à particules à écoulement libre comprenant de 20 % à 90 % par masse d'un agent d'oxydation solide particulaire, et de 10 % à 80 % par masse d'une émulsion résistant à l'eau, ladite émulsion présentant des propriétés de revêtement non adhésif lorsqu'elle recouvre au moins en partie les particules de l'agent d'oxydation, permettant ainsi auxdites particules de s'écouler librement.
PCT/ZA2002/000065 2001-05-03 2002-04-15 Explosif a particules a ecoulement libre WO2002090296A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2001/3556 2001-05-03
ZA200103556 2001-05-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002090296A2 true WO2002090296A2 (fr) 2002-11-14
WO2002090296A3 WO2002090296A3 (fr) 2003-01-09

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AR (1) AR034322A1 (fr)
PE (1) PE20021125A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002090296A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2809632A4 (fr) * 2012-03-09 2015-08-05 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd Agent explosif modifié
NO20140895A1 (no) * 2014-07-14 2016-01-15 Yara Int Asa Kunstgjødselsammensetning omfattende ammoniumnitrat og et geldannende middel
US10723670B2 (en) 2011-11-17 2020-07-28 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Limited Blasting compositions
CN112919999A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-06-08 葛洲坝易普力湖北昌泰民爆有限公司 一种用煤制油中间品制备膨化硝铵***用油相及其制备方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4585496A (en) * 1985-03-11 1986-04-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method of producing high-density slurry/prill explosives in boreholes and product made thereby
EP0330637A1 (fr) * 1988-02-22 1989-08-30 Nitro Nobel Aktiebolag Composition de sautage
US4889570A (en) * 1989-03-23 1989-12-26 Eti Explosives Technologies International (Canada), Ltd. Blasting explosive with improved water resistance
EP0393887A2 (fr) * 1989-04-11 1990-10-24 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Composition explosive
WO1991001800A1 (fr) * 1989-08-11 1991-02-21 Mining Services International Corporation Emulsion dont la rheologie est regulee
EP0648528A1 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1995-04-19 Sasol Chemical Industries (Proprietary) Limited Perles poreux de nitrate d'ammonium
EP0769483A1 (fr) * 1995-10-21 1997-04-23 Dynamit Nobel GmbH Explosivstoff- und Systemtechnik Explosifs s'écoulant librement à base d'une émulsion et de nitrate d'ammonium/mazout

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CN1029521C (zh) * 1987-08-21 1995-08-16 东川矿务局 粒状乳化岩石***
JP2781225B2 (ja) * 1989-10-05 1998-07-30 日本化薬株式会社 加圧成型爆薬

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US4585496A (en) * 1985-03-11 1986-04-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method of producing high-density slurry/prill explosives in boreholes and product made thereby
EP0330637A1 (fr) * 1988-02-22 1989-08-30 Nitro Nobel Aktiebolag Composition de sautage
US4889570A (en) * 1989-03-23 1989-12-26 Eti Explosives Technologies International (Canada), Ltd. Blasting explosive with improved water resistance
EP0393887A2 (fr) * 1989-04-11 1990-10-24 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Composition explosive
WO1991001800A1 (fr) * 1989-08-11 1991-02-21 Mining Services International Corporation Emulsion dont la rheologie est regulee
EP0648528A1 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1995-04-19 Sasol Chemical Industries (Proprietary) Limited Perles poreux de nitrate d'ammonium
EP0769483A1 (fr) * 1995-10-21 1997-04-23 Dynamit Nobel GmbH Explosivstoff- und Systemtechnik Explosifs s'écoulant librement à base d'une émulsion et de nitrate d'ammonium/mazout

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Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 113, no. 6, 6 August 1990 (1990-08-06) Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 43479g, "Granulated emulsion explosive for rocks" page 161; XP000155124 & CN 1 031 362 A (DONGCHUAN MINING ADMINISTRATION) 1 March 1989 (1989-03-01) *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 115, no. 14, 7 October 1991 (1991-10-07) Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 139185a, "Press-molded explosives" page 173; XP000194397 & JP 03 122085 A (NIPPON KAYAKU CO., LTD.) 24 May 1991 (1991-05-24) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10723670B2 (en) 2011-11-17 2020-07-28 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Limited Blasting compositions
EP2809632A4 (fr) * 2012-03-09 2015-08-05 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd Agent explosif modifié
NO20140895A1 (no) * 2014-07-14 2016-01-15 Yara Int Asa Kunstgjødselsammensetning omfattende ammoniumnitrat og et geldannende middel
NO342194B1 (no) * 2014-07-14 2018-04-16 Yara Int Asa Kunstgjødselsammensetning omfattende ammoniumnitrat og et geldannende middel
US10017428B2 (en) 2014-07-14 2018-07-10 Yara International Asa Composition comprising ammonium nitrate-based particles and a gelling agent
CN112919999A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-06-08 葛洲坝易普力湖北昌泰民爆有限公司 一种用煤制油中间品制备膨化硝铵***用油相及其制备方法

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AR034322A1 (es) 2004-02-18
WO2002090296A3 (fr) 2003-01-09
PE20021125A1 (es) 2002-12-11

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