WO2002078471A1 - Reduced ignition propersity smoking article with a polysaccharide treated wrapper - Google Patents
Reduced ignition propersity smoking article with a polysaccharide treated wrapper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002078471A1 WO2002078471A1 PCT/US2002/009285 US0209285W WO02078471A1 WO 2002078471 A1 WO2002078471 A1 WO 2002078471A1 US 0209285 W US0209285 W US 0209285W WO 02078471 A1 WO02078471 A1 WO 02078471A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- smoking article
- wrapper
- permeability
- reducing substance
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
- A24D1/025—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers the covers having material applied to defined areas, e.g. bands for reducing the ignition propensity
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a wrapper for a smoking article to create a reduced ignition propensity (IP) smoking article and, more particularly, to a smoking article having the ability to freebum in a static state and reduced IP.
- IP ignition propensity
- a wrapper that concurrently confers on the cigarette the ability to freeburn in a static state and reduced IP character allows a beneficial reduction in the tendency of the article to ignite fire-prone substrates while maintaining consumer acceptability.
- Cigarette manufacturers have struggled to create a cigarette that has reduced IP and consumer acceptable attributes particularly wrapper appearance and the ability to freeburn in the static state. Technologies that appear to provide such cigarettes are described in the patent literature. Cigarettes claiming to possess reduced IP are commercially available.
- a factor that manufacturers consider in preparing a smoking article having reduced IP is whether currently used processes and equipment will remain substantially unchanged.
- a method for preparing a reduced IP paper involves the addition of elaborate equipment on a conventional papermaking machine.
- a water-based suspension, such as cellulose fibers or particles in water, is sprayed from angular moving nozzles moving at
- the reduced consumer acceptable properties of the prepared cigarettes are due to factors including reduced ability of the cigarette to freeburn in the static state, poor ash appearance, and variable taste profile.
- One commercial product claiming to possess reduced IP is characterized by a tendency to extinguish when left burning in the static state, that is reduced freeburn.
- the article displays an undesirable taste when relit after being extinguished.
- the cigarette may possess the reduced IP, the reduced freeburn property decreases consumer acceptability of the article.
- NIST IP test the "cotton duck test” involves placing a smoldering cigarette on a test assembly composed of a cellulos ⁇ c fabric over a foam block. Variations of the test use fabrics of various weights and polyethylene sheet backing. A test failure occurs when the fabric ignites.
- Another NIST IP test the "filter paper test” involves placing a smoldering cigarette on a test assembly composed of layered filter paper sheets. Various forms of the test use 3, 10, and 15 layered filter paper sheets. A successful test result occurs when the cigarette self extinguishes before the whole tobacco column is consumed.
- the applied amount of the permeability reducing substance is such as to give the desired freeburn character and IP reduction to a finished article made from the wrapper.
- the quantity and the concentration of the applied composition will depend on factors including the absorbency of the web, polymer properties of the permeability reducing substance, web moisture content, and the operating conditions of the application equipment.
- the permeability reducing substance may be a pore filling substance, a film forming substance or combination thereof.
- the permeability reducing substance may be a polymer and, preferably, a polysaccharide.
- a polysaccharide is cellulose, including cellulose from any source, including cotton linters, wood, paper, vegetable fiber, bacterial cellulose, regenerated cellulose, amorphous cellulose, and crystalline cellulose.
- the cellulose may be dispersible in a solvent mixture and, preferably, is soluble.
- polysaccharides include starch, including various mixtures of amylose, amylopectin and dextrin, chitosan, ch ⁇ tosan derivatives, chitin, chitin derivatives, alginate, alginate derivatives and combinations thereof.
- the polysaccharides are preferably non-derivatized.
- the discretely treated area is a circumferential band about the body of the article.
- the band has a sufficient width so as to deprive the coal of the burning tobacco firecone of oxygen from behind a char line of the wrapper when the smoking article is placed on a surface. That may be achieved by a band width typically of at least about 3 millimeters.
- the discretely treated area includes at least two bands spaced sufficiently to reduce the IP of the smoking article.
- the two bands preferably have a center-to-center spacing of between about 10 millimeters to about 30 millimeters.
- the two bands may have a width of about 3 millimeters to about 10 millimeters.
- a center-to-center spacing is preferably about 25 millimeters.
- a distance from the ignition end to the at least one of the banded region of each smoking article may be one of sequentially related, random, or quasi-random within the population.
- Examples of the population include a package of smoking articles and a grab sample of smoking articles.
- the distance from the ignition end to the at least one of the banded region of each smoking article in the population is at least one of sequentially related, random, and quasi-random.
- FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a smoking article according an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 is an exploded view of the smoking article of Figure 1 ;
- FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of a bobbin of wrapper that may be used to make the smoking article of Figure 1;
- FIGURE 4 is a plan view of a wrapper as might be accumulated in a bobbin as shown in Figure 3;
- FIGURE 5A is an example of a population of smoking articles having a substantially random distance from the ignition end to the at least one of the banded regions of each smoking article within the population according an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 5B is an example of a population of smoking articles having a quasi random distance from the ignition end to the at least one of the banded regions of each smoking article within the population according an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 5C is an example of a population of smoking articles having a sequentially related distance from the ignition end to the at least one of the banded regions of each smoking article within the population according an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 7 shows ignition propensity for populations of cigarettes of the present invention compared to the prior art.
- At least one of the substances in treated area 22 includes a permeability reducing substance.
- other substances in the treated area may include one or more of a filler, a burn rate retarding substance, a burn rate accelerating substance and a flavor enhancing substance. These substances interact with each other and the wrapper paper 14 to create a wrapper that may be used to manufacture reduced IP smoking article 10.
- the permeability reducing substance may be a polymer.
- the polymer may be any one of a natural polymer, a derivative of a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer, and a combination of an of the preceding.
- polysaccharides are suitable as permeability reducing substances.
- the polysaccharides may be at least one of a starch, cellulose, chitosan, chitin, alginate, or a combination of any of the preceding.
- the polysaccharides are non-derivatized. Any polysaccharide that suitably reduces the permeability of the wrapper would be appropriate for use as the permeability reducing substance.
- cellulose and starch would act particularly well as permeability reducing substances.
- cellulose works particularly well as the permeability reducing substance when applied using a solvent mixture initially comprising an organic solvent component and at least one ingredient that as part of the solvent mixture is a self-association disruptor for cellulose.
- polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, chitin, alginate, and a combination of any of the preceding may also work well as the permeability reducing substance when applied using a non-derivatizing solvent mixture initially comprising a solvent component and at least one ingredientthat as part of the solvent mixture is a self-association disruptor.
- the solvent component may include at least one of dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).
- DMAC dimethylacetamide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- DMAC dimethylacetamide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the ingredient is a self-association disruptor such as a salt, preferably one containing lithium, and more preferably, lithium chloride.
- a self-association disruptor such as a salt, preferably one containing lithium, and more preferably, lithium chloride.
- An alternative solvent mixture for cellulose may initially comprise a
- 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide as the solvent component and water as the at least one ingredient that is a self-association disruptor.
- Synonyms for 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide include 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide monohydrate; NMO monohydrate; and N- ethyl morpholine-N-oxide.
- a preferred system for applying polysaccharides to a wrapper according to the present invention includes a polysaccharide in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) including lithium chloride (LiCl) substantially as described in: U.S. Patent No. 4,302,252 entitled "Solvent System for Cellulose" issued November 24, 1981 in the name of Turbak et al.; U.S. Patent No.
- a permeability reducing substance may interact with the wrapper in a number of ways.
- a permeability reducing substance may form a film on the wrapper 14 to reduce permeability by blocking pores in the wrapper 14. That is, when the permeability reducing substance is applied to the wrapper 14, a film is created that acts as a barrier to block the movement of gas through pores in the discretely treated area 22.
- a permeability reducing substance may act to fill pores and thereby reduce the porosity of the wrapper 14. In this way, a discretely treated area 22 possesses porosity or gas permeability Jess than that of the untreated area 20 of the wrapper 14.
- the composition for affecting the discretely treated areas may be applied on one side of the base paper such that the formed band 22 faces the tobacco-side 12 after making article 10 from the banded paper.
- the composition may be applied on both sides of the paper or applied such that the formed band 22 faces the outside or consumer-side after making article 10 from the banded paper.
- Manufacturing of reduced IP smoking articles is preferably accomplished using a reel, or bobbin, length of wrapper 14 with discretely treated areas 22 and untreated areas 20.
- a bobbin of banded paper in a cigarette-making machine will provide a population of banded smoking articles having a reduced IP. That is, .each smoking article within the population will include a tobacco column, wrapper surrounding said tobacco column so that the smoking article includes an ignition end and a distal end, and at least one banded region, preferably at least two spaced apart banded regions, between the ignition end and the distal end whereby the distance from the ignition end to the at least one of the banded region of each smoking article is sequentially related, random, or quasi-random within the population.
- IP tests incorporate a fixed burn-down distance in which the article is burned before being placed on the test substrate.
- the article may burn down to any distance with respect to the ignition end of the article before contacting a substrate. Therefore, a sequentially related, random, or quasi-random band position will increase the probability that any individual member of the banded article population may prevent ignition of a prone substrate when the article is burned down to a random distance before substrate contact.
- bands may be registered at a fixed distance with respect to the ignition end of article 10.
- the preferred embodiment of this invention is for the manufacture of reduced IP articles having a sequentially related, random, or quasi-random band position with respect to the ignition end of article 10.
- sample cigarettes were prepared by "hand banding" whereby a circumferential ring of material was applied around the body of smoking article, by hand, using an aluminum printing plate.
- the aluminum printing plate was fashioned from a slab of aluminum metal with a straight channel, about 7 millimeters wide and about 30 millimeters long, milled below the surface of the slab.
- a banding composition was used to fill the channel of the printing plate.
- the smoking article was then rolled, by hand, across the composition-filled channel such that a circumferential band was formed about the body of the smoking article. Therefore, the about 7 millimeter wide band was printed on one side of the wrapper such that band 22 was on the outside or consumer-side of article 10.
- Hand banded cigarettes are characterized as having the applied band registered at a fixed position with respect to the ignition end of the article.
- Example 1 Cellulose/ DMAC/lithium chloride compositions were used to make circumferential bands, about 7 millimeters wide, around the body of non-banded smoking articles.
- the circumferential band was applied by hand and positioned about
- the non-banded smoking article was made using a conventional paper wrapper, an about 72 millimeter tobacco column length, an about 25 millimeter cellulose acetate non-air diluted filter section, and a cigarette tobacco blend. Cigarettes were made on a conventional cigarette-making machine.
- Composition 1-1 was prepared by soaking about 20.60 grams cellulose (Sigma-)
- Composition 1-2 was prepared by mixing about 7.4002 grams of composition 1-1 with about 7.3 grams DMAC.
- Composition 1-3 was prepared by mixing about 1.6 grams of composition 1-1 with about 9.3 grams DMAC.
- Composition 1-4 was prepared by mixing about 4.9 grams of composition 1-1 with about 22.1 grams DMAC.
- the IP data in Table 1 demonstrates that about 104 micrograms ( ⁇ g) dry cellulose, applied as cellulose DMAC lithium chloride, forms a substantially 100% effective, IP reducing, about 7 millimeter wide band. Table 1. D? Results For Cellulose/DMAC/Lithium Chloride Banded Cigarettes.
- Example 2 Cellulose/ DMAC/lithium chloride composition 1-1 (Example 1) was used to make circumferential bands, about 10 millimeters wide, around the body of non- banded smoking articles.
- the circumferential band was applied by hand-banding as previously described except the channel of the printing plate was about 10 millimeters wide.
- the band was positioned about 15 millimeters from the ignition end of the
- the non-banded smoking article was made using a conventional paper wrapper, an about 72 millimeter tobacco column length, an about 25 millimeter cellulose acetate non-air diluted filter section, and a cigarette tobacco blend. Cigarettes were made on a conventional cigarette-making machine.
- Example 3 Cellulose/ DMAC/lithium chloride composition was used to make circumferential bands, about 7 millimeters wide, around the body of non-banded smoking articles.
- the circumferential band was applied by hand and positioned about 15 millimeters from the ignition end of the smoking article.
- the non-banded smoking article was made using a conventional paper wrapper, an about 72 millimeter tobacco column length, an about 25 millimeter cellulose acetate non-air diluted filter section, and a cigarette tobacco blend.
- Cigarettes were made on a conventional cigarette-making machine.
- Composition 3-1 was prepared by dissolving about 39.7 grams lithium chloride in about 500 milliliters DMAC using stirring and heating. After the lithium chloride dissolved, about 27.5 grams cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO; Catalog #C-6663) was added to the DMAC/lithium chloride solution. The resulting mixture was heated at about 135°C for about 1 hour, with mechanical stirring. Then the mixture was allowed to cool and stand for about 5 days at room temperature, after which a visually homogeneous composition was produced.
- the non-banded smoking article was made using a conventional paper wrapper, an about 63 millimeter tobacco column length, an about 21 millimeter cellulose acetate non-air diluted filter section, and a cigarette tobacco blend. Cigarettes were made on a conventional cigarette-making machine.
- Example 5 Starch/NMP composition was used to make circumferential bands, about 7 millimeters wide, around the body of non-banded smoking articles.
- the circumferential band was applied by hand and positioned about 20 millimeters from the ignition end of the smoking article.
- the non-banded smoking article was made using a conventional paper wrapper, an about 63 millimeter tobacco column length, an about 21 millimeter cellulose acetate non-air diluted filter section, and a cigarette tobacco blend.
- Cigarettes were made on a conventional cigarette-making machine.
- Composition 8-3 comprised about 13.6 weight percent cellulose propionate (Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI; Catalog #45,490-7), about 43.2 weight percent isopropyl alcohol, and about 43.2 weight percent 2-butanone.
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- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02725354A EP1381291A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-03-26 | Reduced ignition propersity smoking article with a polysaccharide treated wrapper |
JP2002576747A JP3964791B2 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-03-26 | Smoking article with reduced ignition characteristics by polysaccharide-wrapped wrapping paper |
CA002442616A CA2442616A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-03-26 | Reduced ignition propersity smoking article with a polysaccharide treated wrapper |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/819,477 | 2001-03-28 | ||
US09/819,477 US20020179106A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2001-03-28 | Reduced ignition propensity smoking article with a polysaccharide treated wrapper |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002078471A1 true WO2002078471A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
Family
ID=25228268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/009285 WO2002078471A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-03-26 | Reduced ignition propersity smoking article with a polysaccharide treated wrapper |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20020179106A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1381291A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3964791B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2442616A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002078471A1 (en) |
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US10258078B2 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2019-04-16 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Process for producing smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics and products made according to same |
US10028525B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2018-07-24 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics |
US8863757B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2014-10-21 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics |
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US7775217B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2010-08-17 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Methods and apparatus for manufacturing cigarettes |
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US8869805B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2014-10-28 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Free air burning smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics |
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US10470489B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2019-11-12 | Schweitzer-Maudult International, Inc. | Smoking articles having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics |
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US8646464B2 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2014-02-11 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Treated areas on a wrapper for reducing the ignition proclivity characteristics of a smoking article |
US9220297B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2015-12-29 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Materials, equipment, and methods for manufacturing cigarettes |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020179106A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
EP1381291A1 (en) | 2004-01-21 |
JP2004528838A (en) | 2004-09-24 |
US20040123874A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
JP3964791B2 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
CA2442616A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
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