WO2002076215A1 - Agricultural/horticultural compositions - Google Patents

Agricultural/horticultural compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002076215A1
WO2002076215A1 PCT/JP2002/002547 JP0202547W WO02076215A1 WO 2002076215 A1 WO2002076215 A1 WO 2002076215A1 JP 0202547 W JP0202547 W JP 0202547W WO 02076215 A1 WO02076215 A1 WO 02076215A1
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Prior art keywords
wheat
agricultural
low
preventing
phosphorous acid
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PCT/JP2002/002547
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kiyoshi Kimura
Hideo Yamashita
Takuya Hayashi
Tetsuo Morita
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Sankyo Company,Limited
Hokkai Sankyo Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2002076215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002076215A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26Phosphorus; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing the occurrence of low amami barley, comprising phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and a method and a method for preventing the occurrence of low amami barley by applying the composition.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preventing ear blight disease of wheat.
  • Wheats include, for example, wheat, barley, rye, oats, etc., all of which accumulate starch in the endosperm in the grain and germinate when germinated.
  • the starch is decomposed into sugar by the enzyme produced in the process, and the sugar becomes germination energy.
  • Application concentration of the spray liquid of agricultural and horticultural compositions of the present invention is a P 2 0 5 in terms of a generally 0.01 to 0.3 mass 0/0, preferably, from 0.02 to 0.12 % By mass.
  • Hi-amylase activity For the measurement of Hi-amylase activity, refer to the Hokkaido Agricultural Administration Ministry's guidance reference, “Development of a Rapid Test Method for Low-Ami-mouth Barley, Hokkaido Agricultural Examination Council Material” (1995, Hokkaido Central Agricultural Exp. According to the blue starch method described in “Chemical Department of Utilization of Chemicals”, the whole wheat flour was measured, and the average of three repeated measurements was obtained. The amylase activity value of less than 2 was judged to be a healthy wheat, 3.0 or more was judged to be dwarf wheat, and 2 or more and less than 3 was judged to be danger to dwarf wheat. The amylographic value was measured according to the “Annual Problems of Wheat Mouth” (Investigation Section of the Agricultural Affairs Division, Food Affairs Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1998).
  • ear length and number of grains per ear were investigated and averaged for 30 ears.
  • the weight is measured after drying the harvest in the previous cutting in the sun, then threshing, wind selection (toumi), the weight of the whole grain, and after sieving, the grain size is measured.
  • Grain weight and 1 L weight were measured for grains having a diameter of 2. Oram or more.
  • potassium phosphite When potassium phosphite was applied to wheat, the number of spikes increased and the spike weight increased remarkably. It was also effective in increasing the number of grains and increasing the grain thickness. The yield ratio was 11.9% compared to the non-sprayed plot. Thus, the fertilizer effect of potassium phosphite was clear.
  • Severity (%) [ ⁇ (index x number of ears) (maximum index x number of ears surveyed)] X 100
  • an agricultural and horticultural composition containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be applied to prevent the occurrence of low-fruit wheat.
  • an agricultural and horticultural composition containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be applied to prevent barley blight disease of wheat.
  • the composition for agricultural and horticultural use is effective for grain thickness enlargement, and the effect of increasing the yield of wheat can be expected.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

Agricultural/horticultural compositions for preventing the occurrence of low-amylo wheat which contain as the active ingredient phosphorous acid or its salt; and a method of preventing the occurrence of low-amylo wheat and a method of preventing wheat from ear-withering damage by applying the above compositions.

Description

明細書  Specification
農園芸用組成物 [技術分野] Agricultural and horticultural compositions [Technical field]
本発明は、亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する、低アミ口麦発生防止 用農園芸用組成物、並びに、 それを施用することにより、低アミ口麦の発生を防止 する方法及び麦の穂枯性病害を防止する方法に関する。  The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing the occurrence of low amami barley, comprising phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and a method and a method for preventing the occurrence of low amami barley by applying the composition. The present invention relates to a method for preventing ear blight disease of wheat.
[背景技術] [Background technology]
麦類 (子実) には、 例えば、 小麦、 大麦、 ライ麦、 ェン麦などの種類があるが、 これらはいずれも、子実中の胚乳にでん粉を蓄積し、発芽するときに子実内で生成 する酵素によってそのでん粉が分解されて糖になり、その糖が発芽エネルギーにな る。  Wheats (grain) include, for example, wheat, barley, rye, oats, etc., all of which accumulate starch in the endosperm in the grain and germinate when germinated. The starch is decomposed into sugar by the enzyme produced in the process, and the sugar becomes germination energy.
麦類の利用面から見た場合、 この発芽が収穫時期に始まると不都合である。  From the viewpoint of wheat utilization, it is inconvenient if this germination starts at the time of harvest.
すなわち、収穫時期の直前に麦類が降雨に遭遇すると、その子実内にでん粉分解 酵素である 0:—アミラーゼが生成し、 でん粉の分解が始まる。更に、その分解の程 度が進むと、麦類の穀粒が穂についたままで発芽してしまう。 また、発芽状態に至 らなくても、でん粉が分解されることにより子実内のでん粉の性質が変化してしま う (北農 6 8巻 1号 2 7〜 3 2頁 2 0 0 1年) 。 穀物の栽培においては、 これらの 状態を穂発芽 (Pre-harvest Sprouting) と呼ぶ。 穂発芽した穀粒は、 種々の加工適正 を損ねることから、麦類の栽培において問題視されており、穂発芽していない麦類 を得る方法が求められてきた。  That is, when wheat encounters rainfall just before the harvest season, the starch-degrading enzyme 0: -amylase is produced in the grain, and starch degradation begins. Furthermore, as the degree of decomposition progresses, the grains of the barley will germinate while remaining on the ears. Also, even if the germination state is not reached, the starch is degraded and the properties of the starch in the grain change (Hokuno 68, 1, 27-32, 2000). . In grain cultivation, these conditions are called pre-harvest sprouting. Ear-sprouted grains impair various processing aptitudes, and are therefore regarded as a problem in cultivation of wheat, and a method of obtaining wheat without sprouting has been required.
麦類の中でも、世界で最も生産量が多い穀物である小麦について、その穂発芽対 策の研究が進められてきている。そして、世界各地で耐穂発芽性品種の小麦が開発 されており、新しい品種ほど耐穂発芽性が向上している。 しかし、 このような品種 改良による小麦の耐穂発芽性は十分とはいえず、いかなる気象条件下にあっても穂 発芽しない品種は未だ開発されておらず、 穂発芽対策は不十分である。 ' 現状では、麦の子実中の α—アミラーゼ活性を測定することにより、健全な麦を 穂発芽した麦と区別し、隔離して、管理及び流通させるといった栽培法上の対策が とられている。 麦は、 米と異なってそのほとんどが製粉され、 さらに、 パン、 麵、 菓子などに加 ェされてから消費される。 したがって、高品質の麦粉を得るためには高品質な麦が 求められている。 Among wheats, wheat, which is the world's largest producer of wheat, has been studied for its ear germination measures. Wheat varieties resistant to sprouting are being developed around the world, and newer varieties have improved sprouting resistance. However, wheat germination resistance is not sufficient due to such breed improvement, and varieties that do not sprout under any weather conditions have not yet been developed, and measures for sprouting are insufficient. '' At present, measures for α-amylase activity in barley grain are used to distinguish healthy barley from sprouted barley, isolate it, and manage and distribute it. Has been taken. Unlike wheat, wheat is mostly milled and then added to bread, rice, confectionery, etc. before it is consumed. Therefore, high quality wheat is required to obtain high quality wheat flour.
麦の品質として、麦粉の糊化粘度が挙げられる。穂発芽した麦を原料にした粉の 糊化粘度が極端に低下した麦を、低アミ口麦とよび、高品質の麦と区別している。 ァミ口値は、でん粉の糊化粘度を表すァミ口グラム最高粘度を示す値であり、通 常、 ブラベンダー社のアミログラフを用いて測定される。例えば、正常な条件下で 栽培、 収穫された小麦のアミ口値はおよそ 600B. U (ブラベンダー ·ュニット) 以上 であるが、 この値が 300B. U以下に低下した小麦が低アミ口小麦どして区別される。 低ァミ口小麦を判別するには、アミログラフで測定する方法が正規の分析法であ る力 非常に煩雑であるため、便法として、 アミ口値とひ一アミラーゼ活性に高い 相関があることから、子実中の a _アミラーゼ活性を測定して判断する方法が採ら れている (北海道農政部指導参考事項「低アミ口小麦の迅速検定法の開発 北海道 農業試験会議資料」 平成 7年度 (1995年) 北海道立中央農業試験場、農産化学部穀 物利用科) 。  The quality of wheat includes the gelatinization viscosity of wheat flour. Wheat that has extremely low gelatinization viscosity of flour made from sprouted wheat is called low-ami wheat and is distinguished from high-quality wheat. The ami mouth value is a value indicating the maximum ami mouth gram representing the gelatinization viscosity of starch, and is usually measured using an amygraph manufactured by Brabender. For example, wheat grown and harvested under normal conditions has an Ami-hatch value of approximately 600 B.U (Bravender Unite) or higher, but wheat whose low value falls below 300 B.U Are distinguished. The determination of low wheat flour by amylography is a formal method of analysis.Since the method is very complicated, there is a high correlation between the flesh value and the single amylase activity. Therefore, a method has been adopted to measure and judge a_amylase activity in grain (Hokkaido Agricultural Administration Department's guidance, "Development of rapid assay method for low-ami mouth wheat" 1995) Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Grain Utilization, Faculty of Agricultural Chemistry.
このような低アミ口麦を避けるためには、いかにしてひ一アミラーゼ活性を高め ないような麦栽培を行うかが重要である。耐穂発芽性の品種育成がもっとも確実な 技術であるが、前述のように、現在のところ耐穂発芽性が万全である品種は育成さ れていない。  In order to avoid such low amyl wheat, it is important how to cultivate wheat so as not to increase the amylase activity. Breeding of varieties resistant to ear germination is the most reliable technique, but as mentioned above, varieties that are completely resistant to sprouting at present have not been bred.
また、穂発芽防止剤として、 ポリエチレングリコールや植物ホルモン類(マレイ ン酸ヒドラジド、アブシジン酸)等を収穫前に散布処理する方法が提案されている ものの (特公昭 63- 40401号公報及び北農 61巻 4号 50-54ページ 1994年) 、 その効力は 十分ではなく、 実用化されていない。  As a sprout preventive, a method of spraying polyethylene glycol, plant hormones (maleic acid hydrazide, abscisic acid) and the like before harvesting has been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 63-40401 and Hokoku No. 61). No. 4, pp. 50-54 (1994), its efficacy is not sufficient and has not been put to practical use.
ざらに、近年生産現場、流通段階を念頭においた低アミ口麦対策が提案されてお り、 北海道の小麦を例にとると、収穫前に α—アミラーゼ活性発現を予測し、収穫 時にひ一アミラーゼ活性を迅速に測定し、低ァミ口小麦を分別して扱う方策がよう やく整いつつある。 し力 し、 これも受動的な策であり、積極的に小麦に働きかけて 低アミ口小麦を回避する実用技術は未完である。 In recent years, measures have been proposed in recent years to reduce the production of low-amid wheat, taking into account the production site and the distribution stage.Taking Hokkaido wheat as an example, the expression of α-amylase activity is predicted before harvest, and Measures for the rapid measurement of amylase activity and the treatment of low wheat flour are now being prepared. This is also a passive measure, and we actively work on wheat. Practical techniques to avoid low-ami wheat are incomplete.
小麦以外の麦類についても穂発芽問題は重要な課題であり、例えば、 ビール醸造 用の大麦では、 穂発芽は麦芽製造に重大な影響を与える。 更に、穂発芽問題以外にも、 出穂後に罹病する赤かび病等の穂枯性病害も品質の 低下をもたらすことから、 麦類全般において問題とされている。  The sprouting problem is also an important issue for wheat other than wheat. For example, in barley for brewing beer, sprouting of spikes has a significant effect on malt production. Furthermore, besides the problem of sprouting, ear blight disease such as Fusarium head blight that occurs after heading also causes quality deterioration, and is therefore a problem in wheat in general.
穂枯性病害のうち、赤かぴ病はミクロドキゥム属ゃフザリゥム属によって引き起 こされる小麦の主要病害である。 また、 ミクロドキゥム属、 フザリウム属、 アルタ ナリア属、ェピコッカム属及びクラドスポリゥム属に属する糸状菌類も麦の穂に感 染し、 穂が黒ずむ症状 (いわゆる汚れ穂) を引き起こし、 問題である。 これら穂枯 性病害は、収量に大きな影響を与えるだけでなく、人畜に対し毒性の高い物質を産 生したり、 製粉白度を低下させるなど、 麦類の品質を損なう原因となっている。 穂枯性病害の発生を防止する目的でトリフルミゾールなどの DM I剤、ァゾキシ スト口ビンなどのスト口ビルリン剤、チオファネートメチルなどのべンズィミダゾ ール剤、水和硫黄などの硫黄剤など各種の殺菌剤が使用されている力 殺菌剤に対 して抵抗性を獲得した耐性菌が発生しやすく、既にいくつかの剤では耐性菌の発生 が確認されていることや、これらの殺菌剤の基本活性が不十分であり多数回の薬剤 散布が必要であるが、作物残留許容濃度の点から散布回数や使用時期が厳しく制限 されていることなどの問題点があり、穂枯性病害対策は麦栽培上の重要な課題であ る。 以上のような背景から、安全でしかも効果のある低アミ口麦防止剤や栽培法の開 発が生産、 流通及び実需者から切望されていた。  Among the ear blight diseases, red blight is the main disease of wheat caused by the genus Microdochium fusarium. In addition, filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Microdochium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Epicoccam and Cladosporium also infect the ears of barley and cause darkening of the ears (so-called dirty ears), which is also a problem. These blight-killing diseases not only have a significant effect on yields, but also produce substances that are highly toxic to humans and livestock, and lower the degree of milling whiteness. In order to prevent the occurrence of pandemic disease, various agents such as DMI agents such as triflumizole, stoline bilulin agents such as azoxyst mouth bottles, benzimidazole agents such as thiophanate methyl, and sulfur agents such as hydrated sulfur are used. The ability to use fungicides Resistant bacteria that have acquired resistance to fungicides are likely to develop, and that the development of resistant bacteria has already been confirmed for some agents and the basics of these fungicides. Insufficient activity requires multiple applications of the drug.However, the number of applications and the time of application are severely restricted in view of the allowable concentration of residual crops. This is an important issue in cultivation. Against this background, there has been a long-awaited desire for the development of safe, effective and effective low-myelinous barley inhibitors and cultivation methods by production, distribution and real consumers.
[発明の開示] [Disclosure of the Invention]
本発明者等は、低濃度でも α—アミラーゼ活性の発現を抑制し、低ァミ口麦化を 抑制する薬剤を探索したところ、亜リン酸及ぴその塩が麦の α—アミラーゼ活性の 発現を効果的に抑制することを見出し、更に、亜リン酸及びその塩が穂枯性病害を 防止することを見出し、 本発明を完成させた。 本発明は、'亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する、低アミ口麦発生防止 用農園芸用組成物、並びに、 それを施用することにより、低アミ口小麦の発生を防 止する方法及び穂枯性病害を防止する方法である。 亜リン酸及ぴその塩は、水に対して易溶性であり、土壌及び作物の葉面に吸着及 ぴ固定されにくいことから、土壌かん注用肥料及び葉面散布肥料として注目されて いる (米国特.許第 5514200号公報) 。 リンは窒素、 カリとともに三要素の一つであ り、栄養成長期おょぴ生殖成長期の全期間にわたって要求度の高い元素である。 こ れらの元素は茎葉から転流して子実タンパクの構成にあずかる。本発明は、生育中 の麦に亜リン酸及ぴその塩を有効成分とする組成物を葉面散布することにより、栄 養素としてのリンを補給するとともに成熟期の麦子実の a—アミラーゼ活性発現 を抑制する効果を付与する新しい方法である。 The present inventors have searched for a drug that suppresses the expression of α-amylase activity even at a low concentration and suppresses malami maltification. Phosphorous acid and salts thereof express the α-amylase activity of wheat. And found that phosphorous acid and its salts prevent ear blight disease, and completed the present invention. The present invention provides an agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing generation of low-amid wheat, which contains phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and prevents the generation of low-ami-mouth wheat by applying the composition. It is a method and a method for preventing panicle disease. Phosphorous acid and its salts are attracting attention as soil fertilizers and foliar fertilizers because they are easily soluble in water, and are hardly adsorbed and fixed on the leaves of soil and crops. U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,200). Phosphorus, along with nitrogen and potassium, is one of the three elements and is a highly demanding element throughout the vegetative and reproductive stages. These elements are translocated from the foliage and contribute to the composition of the grain protein. The present invention provides foliar spraying of a composition containing phosphorous acid and its salt as active ingredients on growing wheat to supplement phosphorus as a nutrient and a-amylase of wheat grain at maturity. This is a new method to give the effect of suppressing the activity expression.
本発明における亜リン酸又はその塩は、通常の肥料として使用できるものであれ ば特に限定はなく、 亜リン酸の他に、例えば、 力リゥム塩、 ナトリゥム塩のような アル力リ金属塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩のようなアル力リ土類金属塩及ぴ アンモニゥム塩が挙げられ、好適には、亜リン酸又は亜リン酸のアルカリ金属塩で あり、 より好適には、 亜リン酸又は亜リン酸カリである。 本発明における農園芸用組成物は、 農業に通常使用される、 展着剤、 殺菌剤、殺 虫剤、殺ダニ剤その他の農薬や、正リン酸塩系、 ポリリン酸塩系その他の肥料等と 混合して同時に、 又は、 混合せずにそれぞれ単独で施用することができる。  The phosphorous acid or a salt thereof in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a normal fertilizer. In addition to phosphorous acid, for example, potassium salt such as potassium salt and sodium salt, Alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts and ammonium salts are preferred, and are preferably phosphorous acid or alkali metal salts of phosphorous acid, more preferably phosphorous acid or It is potassium phosphite. The agricultural and horticultural composition according to the present invention may be used as a spreading agent, a bactericide, an insecticide, an acaricide and other pesticides, and orthophosphate, polyphosphate and other fertilizers which are usually used in agriculture. Can be applied simultaneously with or without mixing.
本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用量は、 気象条件、施用時期、施用方法、施 用機材によっても異なる力 通常 P205換算で、 10アール当たり 10 g〜300 gであり、 好ましくは、 20〜: 120 gである。 本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用方法は、 葉面散布が好ましい。 Application rate of agricultural and horticultural compositions of the present invention, weather conditions, application time, application method, a different force normal P 2 0 5 in terms by equipment for facilities, a 10 g~300 g per 10 ares, preferably , 20-: 120 g. The method for applying the agricultural and horticultural composition of the present invention is preferably foliar spraying.
本発明における農園芸用組成物の散布液の施用濃度は、 P205換算で、 通常、 0. 01 〜0. 3質量0 /0であり、 好適には、 0. 02〜0. 12質量%である。 Application concentration of the spray liquid of agricultural and horticultural compositions of the present invention is a P 2 0 5 in terms of a generally 0.01 to 0.3 mass 0/0, preferably, from 0.02 to 0.12 % By mass.
本発明における農園芸用組成物の散布液の施用量は、通常、 100〜200 Lである。 本発明における農園芸用組成物の施用可能な時期は全生育期間であるが、麦の栄 養成長期から生殖成長期にわたって施用することが好ましい。 The application rate of the spray liquid of the agricultural / horticultural composition in the present invention is usually 100 to 200 L. The time when the agricultural and horticultural composition according to the present invention can be applied is the entire growth period, but it is preferable to apply the wheat from the nutrient growth period to the reproductive growth period.
[発明を実施するための最良の形態] [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]
以下に、 実施例及び試験例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれ らに限られない。  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
(実施例 1 ) (Example 1)
小麦(品種:ハルユタカ)を平成 1 2年 5月 1 1日に播種し、慣行の栽培基準(平 成 7年、 北海道農務部) にしたがって栽培し、 1区 17. 5m2の試験区を設けた。 P205 換算で 0. 112%の亜リン酸力リ水溶液を調整し、 1 0アール当たり 2 0 0 Lを以下 の生育時期に合計 6回の葉面散布を行った。 すなわち、散布は、 第 1回目 (播種後 35日、 6葉期) 、 第 2回目 (同 44日、 止葉展開期) 、 第 3回目 (同 54日、 出穂揃) 、 第 4回目 (同 65日、 乳熟期) 、 第 5回目 (同 75日、 糊熟期) 及び第 6回目 (同 83 日、 黄熟期) であった。 収穫は 8月 1 2日 (出穂後 42日) に行い、試験区内 4力所 から 2. ½2分を刈り取り、 試験区の一部を立毛のまま残した。 さらに、 2週間後に 晚刈りを行った。 なお、先の刈り取りと後の刈り取りの間に数回の降雨に遭遇した。 先に刈り取った小麦の、収量、 一アミラーゼ活性値及ぴァミ口グラフ値、並ぴ に、後に刈り取った小麦の α—アミラーゼ活性値を測定した。 その結果を、亜リン 酸カリ水溶液無散布区の結果と共に、 表 1 〜4に示す。 Wheat (variety: Haruyutaka) were seeded in 2000 year on May 1 a day, cultivation criteria (1995, Hokkaido Agriculture part) of the practices were cultivated in accordance with, provided the test area of District 1 17. 5m 2 Was. P 2 0 5 to adjust the 0.112% phosphorous Sanryokuri solution in terms was carried out a total of 6 times foliar spraying 1 0 0 ares per 2 0 L to less growth stages. In other words, the first spraying (35 days after sowing, 6-leaf stage), the second spraying (44th, soybean leaf development stage), the third spraying (54th, same heading), the fourth spraying (same as before) The 65th day (milk ripening period), the 5th (75th day, glue period) and the 6th (83rd day, yellow ripening period). Harvest was carried out on August 1, two days (after heading 42 days), 2. reap ½ 2 minutes from the test Zone 4 Chikarasho, leaving a part of the test group remains napped. Further, two weeks later, 晚 was cut. In addition, several rainfalls were encountered between the earlier and later reaping. The yield, the amylase activity value and the amiguchi graph value of the previously cut wheat, and the α-amylase activity value of the subsequently cut wheat were measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4 together with the results of the potassium phosphite aqueous solution without spraying.
なお、 ひ一アミラーゼ活性値の測定は、北海道農政部指導参考事項「低アミ口小 麦の迅速検定法の開発 北海道農業試験会議資料」 (平成 7年度 (1995年) 北海道 立中央農業試験場、農産化学部穀物利用科) に記載のブルースターチ法にしたがつ て、 乾麦の全粒粉について測定を行い、 3反復測定の平均値を求めた。 また、 アミ ラーゼ活性値 2未満は健全麦、 3. 0以上は低ァミ口小麦、 2以上 3未満は低ァミ口 小麦の危険十生ありと判定した。 また、 アミログラフ値は「小麦のアミ口をめぐる諸 問題」 (農水省食糧庁管理部検査課アミ口問題検討会、 1 9 8 8年) に則り測定し た。  For the measurement of Hi-amylase activity, refer to the Hokkaido Agricultural Administration Ministry's guidance reference, “Development of a Rapid Test Method for Low-Ami-mouth Barley, Hokkaido Agricultural Examination Council Material” (1995, Hokkaido Central Agricultural Exp. According to the blue starch method described in “Chemical Department of Utilization of Chemicals”, the whole wheat flour was measured, and the average of three repeated measurements was obtained. The amylase activity value of less than 2 was judged to be a healthy wheat, 3.0 or more was judged to be dwarf wheat, and 2 or more and less than 3 was judged to be danger to dwarf wheat. The amylographic value was measured according to the “Annual Problems of Wheat Mouth” (Investigation Section of the Agricultural Affairs Division, Food Affairs Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1998).
収量の測定のうち、穂長及び 1穂当たりの粒数 (総粒数、完全粒数、不完全粒数 及ぴ不稔粒数) は、 30本の穂を調査してその平均を求めた。 また、 重量は、 先の 刈り取りでの収穫分を天日で乾燥した後測定し、 次いで脱穀、 風選 (とうみ) 後、 全子実の子実重を測定し、 さらに篩別後に、 粒径 2. Oram以上の子実について千粒重 及ぴ 1 L重を測定した。 Among the yield measurements, ear length and number of grains per ear (total number of grains, number of complete grains, number of incomplete grains) And the number of sterile grains) were investigated and averaged for 30 ears. In addition, the weight is measured after drying the harvest in the previous cutting in the sun, then threshing, wind selection (toumi), the weight of the whole grain, and after sieving, the grain size is measured. Grain weight and 1 L weight were measured for grains having a diameter of 2. Oram or more.
(表 1) (table 1)
小麦の α—アミラーゼ活性の推移  Changes in α-amylase activity of wheat
試験区 α—アミラーゼ活性値 (かつこ内はアミ口グラフ実測値)  Test plot α-amylase activity value (Katsuko is the measured value of Amiguchi graph)
先に刈り取った小麦 後に刈り取った小麦 判定 亜リン酸カリ 1.45 (495B.U) 1.89 健全麦 水溶液散布区  Wheat harvested earlier Wheat harvested later Judgment Potassium phosphite 1.45 (495B.U) 1.89 Healthy wheat aqueous solution spray area
無散布区 3.39 (240Β. U) 3.77 低アミ口小麦 無散布区では、 ほぼ適期 (先の刈り取り) に収穫を行ったにもかかわらず、 アミ ログラフ値は基準の 300ブラベンダーュニット (B.U) 以下となって、低アミ口小麦 状態になっていた。亜リン酸カリ水溶液散布区では、 495B.Uで正常な小麦であった。 また、 常識をはずれた時期の晚刈り (8月 24日。 後の刈り取り) にもかかわらず、 α—アミラーゼ活性は 2.0以下で健全麦の基準値内にあった。 一方、 無散布区の活 †生値は、 どちらの刈り取り時期においても、 ァミラーゼ活性は高く、低アミ口小麦 の範疇に入っていた。従って、亜リン酸カリによる小麦の α—アミラーゼ活性発現 の抑制効果は明らかであった。  Undispersed area 3.39 (24077. U) 3.77 Low-amid wheat In unsprayed area, the amyrographic value is 300 Brabender units (BU), even though the crop was harvested almost in time (early harvest). The following was the low-amid wheat condition. In the potassium phosphite aqueous solution application area, 495 BU was normal wheat. Despite the unreasonable harvesting (Aug. 24, later harvesting), α-amylase activity was below 2.0, which was within the standard value for healthy wheat. On the other hand, the activity values in the undispersed plots showed that the amylase activity was high at both cutting seasons, and was within the category of low-amid wheat. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of potassium phosphite on the expression of α-amylase activity in wheat was apparent.
(表 2) (Table 2)
小麦の収] (その 1)  Wheat harvest] (Part 1)
f ^験 |2i 1穂当たりの粒数 f ^ experiment | 2i Number of grains per ear
cm) 総粒数 完全粒数 不完全粒数 不稔粒数 亜リン酸カリ 8.2 40.1 26.4 2.5 11.2 水溶液散布区  cm) Total grain number Complete grain number Incomplete grain number Sterile grain number Potassium phosphite 8.2 40.1 26.4 2.5 11.2
無散布区 7.8 31.1 23.5 3.7 3.9 (表 3) Non-scattered area 7.8 31.1 23.5 3.7 3.9 (Table 3)
zj、麦の l|又量 (その ζ 2 *— ')  zj, l of wheat | quantity (the ζ 2 * — ')
験 1^ 重量 (kg/10a) ra2当たり 茎葉重 穂/茎葉比Experiment 1 ^ weight (kg / 10a) ra 2 foliage weight ear / foliage ratio
i  i
m yノ酉突 970.8 450.0 520.8 1.16 327 水溶液散布区  m y Rooster 970.8 450.0 520.8 1.16 327
無散布区 854.2 412.5 441.7 1.07 311  Non-dispersed area 854.2 412.5 441.7 1.07 311
(表 4) (Table 4)
/卜旁の 量 の )  / The amount beside the bird)
千 ¾ (g) 1 L重 子実重 (kg/10a)  Thousands (g) 1 L Weight Actual weight (kg / 10a)
(g) (かっこ内は無処理 100に対する比率) 全子実 粒径 2.0應以上の子実 on c  (g) (The ratio in parentheses is 100% untreated) All grains Grain size 2.0 or more on c
ffi ノ ス リ όί. Ό 778.1 361.1 (117) 351.7 (119) 水溶液散布区  ffi Nosuri όί. Ό 778.1 361.1 (117) 351.7 (119)
無散布区 36.2 761.9 308.9 (100) 294.6 (100) 亜リン酸カリを小麦に施用したところ、穂数が若干増加するとともに穂重が顕著 に増加した。粒数の増大、粒厚の肥大にも効果があり、無散布区に対して 1 1 9% の収量比を示した。 このように亜リン酸カリの肥料効果は明らかであった。  Non-dispersed plot 36.2 761.9 308.9 (100) 294.6 (100) When potassium phosphite was applied to wheat, the number of spikes increased and the spike weight increased remarkably. It was also effective in increasing the number of grains and increasing the grain thickness. The yield ratio was 11.9% compared to the non-sprayed plot. Thus, the fertilizer effect of potassium phosphite was clear.
(実施例 2) (Example 2)
小麦 (品種:ホクシン) を平成 10年 9月 10日に播種し、慣行の栽培基準 (平 成 7年、 北海道農務部) にしたがって栽培し、 1区 1 Om2の試験区を設けた。 P205 換算で 0.15%の亜リン酸カリ水溶液を調整し、節間伸長始期(平成 1 1年 5月 30 日) に 1◦アール当たり 100 Lを葉面散布した。 収穫は 7月 21日に行レ、、試験 区内から lm2分を刈り取つた。 刈り取った小麦の、 収量及び α—アミラーゼ活性値 を、 実施例 1と同様にして測定した。 その結果を表 5及び 6に示す。 Wheat (variety: HOKUSHIN) were seeded in 1998 September 10, cultivation criteria (1995, Hokkaido Agriculture part) of the practices cultivated in accordance with, provided the test area of District 1 1 Om 2. P 2 0 5 by adjusting the 0.15% phosphorous acid potassium solution at the exchange, and foliar application of 1◦ ares per 100 L to internode elongation beginning (1999 on May 30, 2010). The harvest was carried out on July 21, and lm 2 min was cut off from the test plot. The yield and α-amylase activity value of the cut wheat were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Tables 5 and 6 show the results.
(表 5) (Table 5)
小麦の α 'アミラーゼ活性  Α 'amylase activity of wheat
ひ一アミラーゼ活性値 亜リン酸カリ水溶液散布区 0.93  Hi-amylase activity 0.93
無散布区 + 1.54 (表 6 ) No-spray zone + 1.54 (Table 6)
小麦の収量  Wheat yield
粒径 2. 0匪以上の m2当たり m2当たり 粒径 2· 0圆以 の穂数 りの粒数 の総粒数 上の子実のParticle size 2.0匪以number of ears per m 2 m 2 per particle size 2 - 0圆以on Rino grain of the total number of grain on the number of children the real
(kg/10a) 千粒重 (g) 亜リン酸カリ 516 446 30. 0 13380 38. 6 水溶液散布区 (kg / 10a) Thousand grains weight (g) Potassium phosphite 516 446 30.0 0 13380 38.6 Aqueous solution application area
無散布区 505 465 28. 5 13259 37. 9 収穫が適期に行われたため、亜リン酸カリ水溶液散布区及び無散布区とも低ァミ 口小麦状態になっていなかつたが、亜リン酸カリ水溶液散布区は無散布区に比べて a—了ミラーゼ活性が低く、ひーァミラーゼ活性発現の抑制効果は明らかであつた。 (実施例 3 )  Non-dispersed area 505 465 28.5 5 13259 37.9 Because the harvest was carried out in a suitable period, the potassium phosphite aqueous solution and the non-dispersed area were not in the low wheat mouth wheat state. The sprayed plots had lower a-mirase activity than the non-sprayed plots, indicating a clear inhibitory effect on the expression of hairyramidase activity. (Example 3)
小麦 (品種名:ハルユタカ) を平成 1 3年 4月 2 3日に播種し、 慣行の栽培基準 Wheat (cultivar name: Harutaka) is sown on April 23, 2001, and is cultivated according to customary cultivation standards.
(平成 7年、 北海道農政部) にしたがって栽培し、 1区 1 O m2の試験区を設けた。 P205換算で 0. 28%、 0.14%、 0.07%、 0.035%及ぴ 0.028%の亜リン酸カリ水溶液を調 整し、 開花期 (平成 1 3年 7月 1 0日) 、 乳熟期 (7月 1 8日) 、 糊熟期 (7月 2 7日) 及び黄熟期 (8月 2日) のそれぞれの時期に合計 4回、 1 0アール当たり 1 0 0 Lを葉面散布した。 比較として、 亜リン酸カリ水溶液 (0.14%) 及びポリリン 酸カリ水溶液 (0.14%) をそれぞれ 4回ずつ葉面散布した区を設けた。 (1995, Hokkaido of Agriculture) was cultivated in accordance with, provided the test area of District 1 1 O m 2. P 2 0 5 converted at 0.28%, 0.14%, 0.07%, and integer adjust the 0.035%及Pi 0.028% of the phosphorous acid potassium solution, flowering stage (2001 July 1, day 0), Chichijuku 100 L per 10 ares was sprayed on the leaf at a total of four times during each of the period (July 18), the ripening period (July 27) and the yellow ripening period (August 2) . For comparison, a section was prepared in which an aqueous solution of potassium phosphite (0.14%) and an aqueous solution of potassium polyphosphate (0.14%) were sprayed four times each on the foliage.
全ての区に対して、 6月 8日にシルパキュア乳剤 (テブコナゾール) 2000倍散布 液を散布し、 6月 2 3日、 7月 7日及ぴ 7月 2 5日にアミスターフロアブル(ァゾ キンスト口ビン) 1000倍散布液を散布した。  All wards were sprayed with a 2000-fold solution of Silpacure Emulsion (tebuconazole) on June 8, and on June 23, July 7 and July 25, Amister Flowable (Azo Kinst Mouth) (Bin) The spray liquid was sprayed 1000 times.
収穫は 8月 3 0日に行い、赤かび病については、 1区あたり 1 0 0穂についての 発病穂率及ぴ発病小穂数を調査し、汚れ穂については、 1区あたり 2 0穂について の穂の汚染程度を調査した。 その結果を表 8に示す。 なお、穂の汚染程度は、 下記 表 7に記載の発病指数により求め、 発病度を下記式により算出した。  Harvest was conducted on August 30. For red mold, the disease incidence rate and the number of diseased spikelets of 100 ears per ward were investigated. The degree of contamination of the panicle was investigated. Table 8 shows the results. The degree of spike contamination was determined by the disease index shown in Table 7 below, and the disease severity was calculated by the following formula.
(表 7 ) (Table 7)
穂の汚染程度 穂の汚染程度 Ear contamination Ear contamination
0 小穂汚れなし  0 No spike dirt
1 小穂の汚染 2 %以下  1 Spikelet contamination 2% or less
2 小穂の汚染 1 0 %以下  2 Spikelet contamination 10% or less
3 小穂の汚染 3 0 %以下  3 Spikelet contamination 30% or less
4 小穂の汚染 6 0 %以下  4 Spikelet contamination 60% or less
5 小穂の汚染 6 1 %以上  5 Spikelet contamination 6 1% or more
(数式) (Formula)
発病度 (%)= 〔∑ (当該指数 X当該穂数) (最大指数 X調査穂数) 〕 X 100  Severity (%) = [∑ (index x number of ears) (maximum index x number of ears surveyed)] X 100
(表 8 ) (Table 8)
赤かび;)丙 汚れ穂 発病穂率 発病小穂数 防除価 亜リン酸カリ水溶 1 2 34 72 液散布区 (0.28%)  Red mold;) Dirty panicles Diseased panicle rate Diseased spikelets Control value Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 1 2 34 72 Liquid sprayed area (0.28%)
亜リン酸カリ水溶 5 10 47 47 液散布区 (0.14%)  Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5 10 47 47 Spraying area (0.14%)
亜リン酸カリ水溶 8 14 52 42 液散布区 (0.07%)  Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 8 14 52 42 Liquid spray area (0.07%)
亜リン酸カリ水溶 5 10 72 19 液散布区 (0.035%)  Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5 10 72 19 Liquid spray area (0.035%)
亜リン酸カリ水溶 5 12 73 18 液散布区 (0.028%)  Potassium phosphite aqueous solution 5 12 73 18 Liquid spray area (0.028%)
リン酸カリ水溶液 23 61 77 13 散布区 (0.14%)  Potassium phosphate aqueous solution 23 61 77 13 Spray area (0.14%)
ポリリン酸カリ水 25 58 86 3 溶液散布区 (0.14%)  Potassium polyphosphate water 25 58 86 3 Solution spray area (0.14%)
無散布区 25 60 89  No-spray area 25 60 89
[産業上の利用可能性] [Industrial applicability]
本発明により、亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する農園芸用組成物を 施用して、低アミ口麦の発生を防止することができる。 また、亜リン酸又はその塩 を有効成分として含有する農園芸用組成物を施用して、麦の穂枯性病害を防止する ことができる。 更に、農園芸用組成物は、粒厚肥大に効果があり、 麦の増収効果が 期待できる。  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, an agricultural and horticultural composition containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be applied to prevent the occurrence of low-fruit wheat. In addition, an agricultural and horticultural composition containing phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be applied to prevent barley blight disease of wheat. Furthermore, the composition for agricultural and horticultural use is effective for grain thickness enlargement, and the effect of increasing the yield of wheat can be expected.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
1 . 亜リン酸又はその塩を有効成分として含有する、低アミ口麦発生防止用農園 芸用組成物。  1. An agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing occurrence of low-amid wheat, comprising phosphorous acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
2 . 亜リン酸又はその塩が、亜リン酸又は亜リン酸カリである、請求の範囲第 1 項に記載の低ァミ口麦発生防止用農園芸用組成物。 2. The agricultural and horticultural composition for preventing occurrence of low-family wheat according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorous acid or a salt thereof is phosphorous acid or potassium phosphite.
3 . 請求の範囲第 1項又は第 2項に記載の農園芸用組成物を施用することにより、 低アミ口麦の発生を防止する方法。 3. A method for preventing the occurrence of low-fruit wheat by applying the agricultural or horticultural composition according to claim 1 or 2.
4 . 請求の範囲第 1項又は第 2項に記載の農園芸用組成物を、麦の栄養成長から 生殖成長期にわたって葉面散布することにより、低アミ口麦の発生を防止する方法。 4. A method for preventing the occurrence of low-fruit wheat by spraying the agricultural or horticultural composition according to claim 1 or 2 from the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth stage of wheat.
5 . 請求の範囲第 1項又は第 2項に記載の農園芸用組成物を、麦の栄養成長から 生殖成長期にわたって葉面散布することにより、麦の穂枯性病害を防止する方法。 5. A method for preventing ear blight disease of wheat by spraying the agricultural and horticultural composition according to claim 1 or 2 from the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth stage of wheat.
6 . 穂枯性病害の病原菌が、 ミクロドキゥム属、 フザリウム属、 アルタナリア属、 ェピコッカム属又はクラドスポリゥム属に属する糸状菌である、請求の範囲第 5項 に記載の方法。 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the causative fungus of the panicle disease is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Microdobacterium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, or Cladosporium.
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004049805A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-17 Sankyo Agro Company, Limited Method of preventing wheat from mycotoxin contamination
AU2003289183B2 (en) * 2002-12-04 2009-09-10 Hokkai Sankyo Co., Ltd. Method of preventing wheat from mycotoxin contamination
US8197832B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2012-06-12 Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc. Methods and compositions for inhibiting mycotoxin contamination in cereals
US8710042B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2014-04-29 Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc. Method for preventing wheat from mycotoxin contamination

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