WO2002076192A2 - Composition for cat litter - Google Patents
Composition for cat litter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002076192A2 WO2002076192A2 PCT/EP2002/003047 EP0203047W WO02076192A2 WO 2002076192 A2 WO2002076192 A2 WO 2002076192A2 EP 0203047 W EP0203047 W EP 0203047W WO 02076192 A2 WO02076192 A2 WO 02076192A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- product
- wood pulp
- cellulose based
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001046 anti-mould Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002546 antimould Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GYQBBRRVRKFJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])(=O)OP(O)([O-])=O GYQBBRRVRKFJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a granular composition for cat litter.
- compositions for cat litters are generally granular products that should have a good property of absorbing liquids, abating odours and environmentally friendly and easy disposal. All the above mentioned characteristics depend upon the kind of material used, more particularly grain size, density and chemico-physical properties.
- sea foam which is a highly absorbent product adapted to absorb up to 90% of its weight and indeed only 10-15% is transformed into slush
- bentonite having a good absorption (equal to 70% of its weight) but also a very low hardness so that in contact with urine it forms unpleasant round slush lumps that must be taken out from the container tray any time these lumps are formed because besides being unaesthetic, evil-smelling and sticky to the cat paws, they are also a hindrance for the animal who does not urinate until litter is being cleaned
- tuff that on one hand has a high hardness and generates only a little percentage of slush, on the other hand having a poor absorption (between 50 and 60%) causes liquid to remain on the tray bottom generating unpleasant odours
- synthetic products of natural elements and the above mentioned compounds in order to lighten the material and make it more easily disposable.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a material having a high absorption, adapted to abate odours and at the same time prevent slush formation.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an environmentally friendly material that can be easily and readily disposed by the user, anti-bacterial and easy to be removed by the cat.
- the granular composition for cat litter comprising a cellulose based vegetable products and a salt of acidic pyrophosphate with an alkaline or alkaline earth metal according to the features of claim 1.
- cellulose based vegetable product means a compound obtained by processing wood mainly comprising cellulose .
- the cellulose based vegetable product according to the invention is preferably selected from the group comprising wood pulp, wood shavings, corn cob (corn cellulose), paper and cardboard. Different kinds of trees may be used for producing the mentioned vegetable products and more particularly poplar and birch tree. More preferably the vegetable compound is selected from wood shavings and wood pulp, the latter being most preferred.
- the alkaline or alkaline earth metal used as cation in the salt with acidic pyrophosphate is sodium.
- Acidic sodium pyrophosphate is a salt mainly used as leavening agent for cakes or additive for tooth paste. It is used in the composition according to the invention in a water solubilized form in an amount equal to ratio to water 50-70: 50-30 and an amount of 0.2-0.9% to the cellulose based vegetable product, preferably 0.5%.
- the vegetable product is wood pulp 0.5 g of acidic pyrophosphate are needed for 1 kg of wood pulp. Further additives such as anti-mould, deodorant, flavouring agents may also be added to the composition of the invention.
- composition of the invention contains wood pulp as cellulose product ethanol is preferably added as anti-mould agent, being preferably added in an amount of 1% for 1 kg of wood pulp.
- composition according to the invention are due to interaction between acidic sodium pyrophosphate and the urine components such as ammonia, thus abating the unpleasant odour and uric acid.
- reaction is slightly exothermic and this avoids transudation phenomena that are the reason of slush formation.
- the vegetable litter produced with the composition according to the invention is a granular product having a density of 180-250 g/1, in which grain size is in the range of 2 to 10 mm. Such a broad grain range is provided to obtain a balance between ability of mixing with liquid and solid dung. Indeed, the fine particles stay by gravity on the bottom of the tray absorbing the greatest percentage of liquids. Moreover, when the cat digs in the litter to cover his dung, the dung comes into contact with the finer particles so as to eliminate odours.
- the litter granule has a generally flattened shape and has an absorbing capacity of 600-700%, preferably 648%, is very light, inert and odourless.
- As the granule consists of a cellulose based composition, it can be easily disposed because it can be discharged and disposed through the home toilet like toilet paper.
- the granules of the invention are very absorbent, they keep their solidity and grain size. This feature together with lack of transudation, gives to the litter according to the invention a longer useful life in comparison with the known litter products.
- the granular product according to the invention generally has a white colour.
- the vegetable product used is wood pulp
- its properties can be exploited to check the condition of the granular product.
- dry wood pulp is white and turns more and more pink when being hydrated. Therefore, when the product has a marked pink colour, the useful life of the granular product is over.
- a vertical drier with forced circulation (fluidised bed) fed with liquid propane gas or methane gas is being used.
- wood pulp undergoes a proper screening and the obtained granular product having a grain size of 2 to 10 mm is directly sent to a suitable silo.
- the granular product is sent by conveyor belt to a spraying booth for the addition of a mixture of water and pyrophosphate in a percentage of 50% and ethanol in the minimum quantity of 1% as anti-mould agent.
- the litter according to the invention has the further advantage to allow recycling during the production cycle.
Abstract
A granular composition for cat litter is disclosed, comprising a cellulose based vegetable product and a salt of acidic pyrophosphate with an alkaline or alkaline earth metal. Preferably the cellulose based vegetable product is wood pulp and the metal forming the salt with the acidic pyrophosphate is sodium. The granular product of the invention has a high absorption, is easily disposable and environmental friendly.
Description
"COMPOSITION OF MATTER FOR CAT LITTER"
The present invention relates to a granular composition for cat litter.
Compositions for cat litters are generally granular products that should have a good property of absorbing liquids, abating odours and environmentally friendly and easy disposal. All the above mentioned characteristics depend upon the kind of material used, more particularly grain size, density and chemico-physical properties.
Several types of litter are available on the market, among which one can cite: sea foam, which is a highly absorbent product adapted to absorb up to 90% of its weight and indeed only 10-15% is transformed into slush; bentonite having a good absorption (equal to 70% of its weight) but also a very low hardness so that in contact with urine it forms unpleasant round slush lumps that must be taken out from the container tray any time these lumps are formed because besides being unaesthetic, evil-smelling and sticky to the cat paws, they are also a hindrance for the animal who does not urinate until litter is being cleaned; tuff that on one hand has a high hardness and generates only a little percentage of slush, on the other hand having a poor absorption (between 50 and 60%) causes liquid to remain on the tray bottom generating unpleasant odours; synthetic products of natural elements and the above mentioned compounds in order to lighten the material and make it more easily disposable.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a material having a high absorption, adapted to abate odours and at the same time prevent slush formation.
Another object of the invention is to provide an environmentally friendly material that can be easily and readily disposed by the user, anti-bacterial and easy to be removed by the cat.
The above mentioned objects and further advantages are attained by the granular composition for cat litter comprising
a cellulose based vegetable products and a salt of acidic pyrophosphate with an alkaline or alkaline earth metal according to the features of claim 1. Advantages and characteristics are indicated in the dependent claims.
The term cellulose based vegetable product means a compound obtained by processing wood mainly comprising cellulose .
The cellulose based vegetable product according to the invention is preferably selected from the group comprising wood pulp, wood shavings, corn cob (corn cellulose), paper and cardboard. Different kinds of trees may be used for producing the mentioned vegetable products and more particularly poplar and birch tree. More preferably the vegetable compound is selected from wood shavings and wood pulp, the latter being most preferred.
Preferably the alkaline or alkaline earth metal used as cation in the salt with acidic pyrophosphate is sodium.
Acidic sodium pyrophosphate is a salt mainly used as leavening agent for cakes or additive for tooth paste. It is used in the composition according to the invention in a water solubilized form in an amount equal to ratio to water 50-70: 50-30 and an amount of 0.2-0.9% to the cellulose based vegetable product, preferably 0.5%.
When the vegetable product is wood pulp 0.5 g of acidic pyrophosphate are needed for 1 kg of wood pulp. Further additives such as anti-mould, deodorant, flavouring agents may also be added to the composition of the invention.
When the composition of the invention contains wood pulp as cellulose product ethanol is preferably added as anti-mould agent, being preferably added in an amount of 1% for 1 kg of wood pulp.
Without being bound by any theory it is assumed that the excellent properties of the composition according to the invention are due to interaction between acidic sodium pyrophosphate and the urine components such as ammonia, thus
abating the unpleasant odour and uric acid. In this case the reaction is slightly exothermic and this avoids transudation phenomena that are the reason of slush formation.
The vegetable litter produced with the composition according to the invention is a granular product having a density of 180-250 g/1, in which grain size is in the range of 2 to 10 mm. Such a broad grain range is provided to obtain a balance between ability of mixing with liquid and solid dung. Indeed, the fine particles stay by gravity on the bottom of the tray absorbing the greatest percentage of liquids. Moreover, when the cat digs in the litter to cover his dung, the dung comes into contact with the finer particles so as to eliminate odours.
The litter granule has a generally flattened shape and has an absorbing capacity of 600-700%, preferably 648%, is very light, inert and odourless. As the granule consists of a cellulose based composition, it can be easily disposed because it can be discharged and disposed through the home toilet like toilet paper.
Since the granules of the invention are very absorbent, they keep their solidity and grain size. This feature together with lack of transudation, gives to the litter according to the invention a longer useful life in comparison with the known litter products.
The granular product according to the invention generally has a white colour. When the vegetable product used is wood pulp, its properties can be exploited to check the condition of the granular product. As a matter of fact dry wood pulp is white and turns more and more pink when being hydrated. Therefore, when the product has a marked pink colour, the useful life of the granular product is over.
An embodiment of the production cycle of the composition according to the invention as well as of the granular finished product containing said composition are now given as an illustrative example only.
The raw wood pulp coming from the paper mill is placed under a shed and then is taken by a loading shovel to be discharged in a batching device from which it is sent by a conveyor belt to a sod breaker to be crushed. A conveyor belt then conveys the wood pulp to a first vibrating screen preventing to deliver dust with size under 2 mm to the drier, this dust being discarded because of its size.
A vertical drier with forced circulation (fluidised bed) fed with liquid propane gas or methane gas is being used.
At the drier outlet wood pulp undergoes a proper screening and the obtained granular product having a grain size of 2 to 10 mm is directly sent to a suitable silo.
From the silo the granular product is sent by conveyor belt to a spraying booth for the addition of a mixture of water and pyrophosphate in a percentage of 50% and ethanol in the minimum quantity of 1% as anti-mould agent.
From the spraying booth still with a conveyor belt the finished granular product is delivered to a sacking machine provided with suction dust exhaust.
It is important to note that the discarded wood pulp will be compacted again and converted into granules with a proper compacting screw so as to put it again in the production cycle. In this way waste is avoided unlike it occurs for the traditional mineral litter. Therefore, the litter according to the invention has the further advantage to allow recycling during the production cycle.
The present invention was described with reference to some illustrative embodiments, but modifications could be made to the excipients used however without falling out from the scope of protection as indicated in the appended claims.
Claims
I. A granular composition for cat litter comprising a cellulose based vegetable product and a salt of acidic pyrophosphate with an alkaline or alkaline earth metal.
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the cellulose based vegetable product is selected from the group comprising wood pulp, wood shavings, corn cob, paper and cardboard.
3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein the cellulose based vegetable product is wood shavings or wood pulp.
4. The composition according to claim 3 wherein the cellulose based vegetable product is wood pulp.
5. The composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the cellulose based product originates from a birch and/or poplar tree.
6. The composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the alkaline or alkaline earth metal is sodium.
7. The composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the amount of sodium acidic pyrophosphate is of
0.2-0.9% relative to the cellulose based vegetable product, preferably 0.5%.
8. The composition according to claim 7 wherein sodium pyrophosphate is in an amount of 0.5 g to 1 kg of wood pulp.
9. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 7 wherein the composition of granules for wood pulp comprises additives selected from the group comprising anti-mould, deodorant, flavouring agents.
10. The composition according to claims 4 and 9 wherein the anti-mould agent is ethanol.
II. The composition according to claim 10 wherein ethanol is added in an amount of 1% to 1 kg of wood pulp.
12. A granular product comprising the composition according to any of claims 1 to 11.
13. The granular product according to claim 12 having a grain size in the range of 2 to 10 mm.
14. The granular product according to claims 12 or 13 having an absorbing capacity of 648%.
15. Use of the granular product according to any of claims 12-14 for cat litter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002240951A AU2002240951A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-03-18 | Composition for cat litter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2001MI000603A ITMI20010603A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-03-22 | COMPOSITION OF MATERIAL FOR USE IN CAT LITTERS |
| ITMI2001A000603 | 2001-03-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002076192A2 true WO2002076192A2 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
| WO2002076192A3 WO2002076192A3 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
Family
ID=11447334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2002/003047 WO2002076192A2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-03-18 | Composition for cat litter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2002240951A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20010603A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002076192A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1958998A1 (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-20 | Ville de la Chaux-de-Fonds | Granulate for the treatment of snowy and/or icy surfaces |
| ITMI20090482A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-27 | Ferdinando Ardemagni | COMPOSITION OF MATERIALS FOR LITTERS FOR CATS AND SMALL PETS WITH NATURAL DISPOSAL PESTICIDE IN THE HOME |
| US8273455B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2012-09-25 | Ville De La Chaux-De-Fonds | Method for the preparation of a granulate for the treatment of snow-covered and/or icy surfaces |
| ITMI20111359A1 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-22 | Stefano Bardelle | PLANT GRANULATE FOR USE WITH LIVESTOCK |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4263873A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-04-28 | George Christianson | Animal litter and method of preparation |
| US4405354A (en) * | 1980-04-02 | 1983-09-20 | Uniscope, Inc. | Elimination of odors from waste material |
| US4657881A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1987-04-14 | Laporte Industries Limited | Absorbent materials |
-
2001
- 2001-03-22 IT IT2001MI000603A patent/ITMI20010603A1/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-03-18 WO PCT/EP2002/003047 patent/WO2002076192A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-18 AU AU2002240951A patent/AU2002240951A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4263873A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-04-28 | George Christianson | Animal litter and method of preparation |
| US4405354A (en) * | 1980-04-02 | 1983-09-20 | Uniscope, Inc. | Elimination of odors from waste material |
| US4657881A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1987-04-14 | Laporte Industries Limited | Absorbent materials |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1958998A1 (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-20 | Ville de la Chaux-de-Fonds | Granulate for the treatment of snowy and/or icy surfaces |
| US8273455B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2012-09-25 | Ville De La Chaux-De-Fonds | Method for the preparation of a granulate for the treatment of snow-covered and/or icy surfaces |
| ITMI20090482A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-27 | Ferdinando Ardemagni | COMPOSITION OF MATERIALS FOR LITTERS FOR CATS AND SMALL PETS WITH NATURAL DISPOSAL PESTICIDE IN THE HOME |
| ITMI20111359A1 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-22 | Stefano Bardelle | PLANT GRANULATE FOR USE WITH LIVESTOCK |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2002240951A1 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
| WO2002076192A3 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
| ITMI20010603A0 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
| ITMI20010603A1 (en) | 2002-09-22 |
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