WO2002063652A1 - Collector wall and collector coil group for a gyrotron - Google Patents
Collector wall and collector coil group for a gyrotron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002063652A1 WO2002063652A1 PCT/EP2002/000363 EP0200363W WO02063652A1 WO 2002063652 A1 WO2002063652 A1 WO 2002063652A1 EP 0200363 W EP0200363 W EP 0200363W WO 02063652 A1 WO02063652 A1 WO 02063652A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- collector
- wall
- coil group
- indentation
- rotationally symmetrical
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/025—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators with an electron stream following a helical path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/027—Collectors
Definitions
- the invention relates to the collector wall and collector coil group of a gyrotron.
- the coil group is attached coaxially to the axis of the gyrotron in the collector area. It is used to generate a locally predetermined strength in the area of the collector with a rotationally symmetrical magnetic field, or with a given axial field strength profile, with which the impact area on the inner wall of the collector of the hollow electron beam generated in the gyrotron can be set in a given area.
- the remaining energy of the hollow electron beam is dissipated on the wall of the collector.
- the trajectories of the hollow electron beam are essentially determined by the course of the magnetic flux surfaces.
- the main problems of a collector in a high performance gyrotron are the distribution of the beam power along the collector surface.
- the impact area of the hollow electron beam on the inner wall of the collector is moved back and forth over an axial region moved, also called Wobbein.
- Wobbein an axial region moved
- the wobble or pulsation frequency in existing gyro systems is limited by the skin effect to typically about 10 Hz, depending on the thickness of the collector wall.
- the wall thickness is due to the high power densities in high Stungsgyrotrons typically 10 mm. Because of the large diameter of the collector of such a gyrotron - approximately 400 mm and more - the collector coils partially encasing the collector reach considerable dimensions.
- the object is achieved by the coaxial installation of a collector coil group consisting of at least one cylindrical coil in the collector according to the characterizing features of claim 1 in terms of its structure.
- the collector wall has a hollow cylindrical indentation, coaxial with the axis, in the end face, in which the collector coil group, seated on a cylindrical coil winding body, is inserted and anchored in the center.
- the magnetic field generating coils, their dimensioning and position on the axis are calculated. is axially one behind the other and / or radially one above the other.
- the coils are excited and in their entirety generate a resultant magnetic field that is rotationally symmetrical about the axis with a predetermined axial course of the magnetic field strength, so that the rotationally symmetrical hollow electron beam at least at this indentation protrudes from the indentation
- the initial area is guided past without collision and directed into a designated impact area on the inner wall of the collector.
- Claim 2 additionally describes how the hollow cylindrical indentation, in which the collector coil group is sunk, can be included in an external cooling circuit.
- the hollow cylindrical indentation in which the collector coil group is sunk, can be included in an external cooling circuit.
- at least one concentric tube passes through the hollow cylindrical bobbin. The only one or the outside of several at least touches the bottom of the indentation.
- a flow channel for a coolant can be set up past the collector coil group in the case of radial passages at the end of the non-winding bobbin at the bottom of the indentation and / or when passing through the bobbin itself, if the outer tube and the wall the indentation can be connected to the external cooling circuit.
- Claims 3 and 4 each specify a method for the type of excitation of the collector coil group:
- the rotationally symmetrical impact area on the inner wall of the collector is deliberately kept large, so that the impinging electron density and the resulting specific load on the collector wall remains at least tolerably limited or is still technically acceptable.
- This is basically done by exciting the coils only with direct current and thereby creating a temporally constant, spatially non-adiabatic magnetic field with a given axial field strength, which, on the one hand, forms the hollow electron beam in a rotationally symmetrical manner and widens the impingement area of the electrons, as a result of which the impinging electron density and thus the Power density in the area of impact on the inner wall of the collector is limited to at least the technically tolerable level.
- the outer cladding wall, the front wall and the surface of the indentation of the collector can be considered as the impact area.
- the wall thickness of the indentation need not be thin, since the magnetic field does not pulsate in time and therefore there is no skin effect.
- a temporally pulsating magnetic field is used for periodically moving the position of the impact area on the inner wall of the collector.
- one or more coils of the coil group are excited in addition to the respective alternating current with a respectively predetermined direct current in order to set a required rotationally symmetrical shaping of the hollow electron beam.
- the excitation of at least one coil of the coil group at a corresponding axial position with an alternating current generates a temporal pulsation of the magnetic field in the intended collector area, which causes the annular, rotationally symmetrical impact area on the inner wall of the collector to move back and forth between two positions.
- the hollow electron beam with its impressed radial expansion pulsates when it passes through the pulsating magnetic field in the collector area in time with the alternating current frequency so that its ring-shaped coaxial impingement area is at most between two axial positions on the jacket wall of the collector or between two radial positions on the end wall, both radial Positions always have a larger radius than that of the indentation, or moves back and forth between a position on the jacket wall of the collector and a radial position outside the indentation on the forehead of the collector in the rhythm of the AC frequency.
- the lower wall thickness of the encapsulation of the collector coil group allows the magnetic field to pulsate at a higher frequency because of the skin effect.
- a lower wall thickness can be chosen because it is not hit by the primary electron beam and therefore only experiences a small thermal load.
- the higher-frequency pulsation of the magnetic field generated by the coil group correspondingly causes a faster back and forth between two end positions of the impact area of the hollow electron beam on the inner wall of the collector. This enables the amplitude of the oscillations of the surface temperature to be reduced.
- the dimensions of the inside coil group is much smaller than that of a correspondingly powerful outside. Therefore, the weight and the power consumption of the collector coil group are significantly reduced.
- FIG. 1 shows the axial section through the collector of the gyrotron
- FIG. 2 shows the potential lines and trajectories of the hollow electron beam.
- the design for a 2.2 MW, single-stage biased collector according to FIG. 1 is used as an example.
- the electrical insulation of the single-stage collector is assumed on the outer circumference to the left of the inner cylindrical indentation.
- the two figures only show the entire collector area.
- the other components of the gyrotron are not indicated.
- the electron beam generation and the resonator of the gyrotron would connect to the left in the picture from the beginning of the collector.
- the design is not limited to the single-stage preload. It can also be carried out similarly for non-prestressed collectors and for multi-stage, for example two-stage, prestressed collectors.
- the contour dimensions of the coaxially constructed collector are, for example: maximum clear width 520 mm, length 1360 mm.
- the hollow cylindrical indentation of the collapses protrudes into the coaxial interior of the hollow electron beam coming from the resonator.
- detector wall which, as elsewhere, is also preferably made of copper, other technically suitable materials are not excluded, but there, in contrast to the outer wall with only 10 mm wall thickness here, since there is no exposure to the hollow electron beam.
- This indentation is welded to the end wall of the collector or brazed. For pure experimentation, it can be useful if the indentation with a flange can also be screwed onto the end wall in a vacuum-tight manner.
- the collector coil group is wound on a coil former, pushed in and centered on the bottom and on the collector end wall.
- the coil group here consists of four solenoids, a first with a thick winding, the closest to the resonator output. This is followed by another internal solenoid with a weaker winding than the former up to the front wall, which sits on a winding body with a larger internal width. Two further solenoids, each with a thinner winding, are slid over these second solenoids, which partially encase the second solenoids and overlap themselves.
- the first solenoid is intended to be excited with a direct current and added alternating current during operation of the electron beam wobbling, that is, the oscillating impact area on the collector.
- the other three solenoids are only to be excited with alternating current.
- the excitation currents are listed as an example in the table below. Depending on the design and the level of the field strength along the axis, other coil dimensions and excitation currents may be necessary.
- the collector coil group is screwed onto the end wall of the collector via a flange and centered on the bottom of the indentation via a flange installation.
- the flange mounting has radial holes so that a cooling circuit can be set up in which the coolant touches the inner wall of the indentation and the coil group on the surface.
- FIG. 2 shows the case of a single-stage prestressed collector with the braking voltage at the input of the collector, with potential lines on the left in the image and beam trajectories.
- the trajectories for the beam are entered for the positions of the maximum deflections in the direction to the resonator (follows on the left in the picture) and in the opposite direction.
- the hollow jet wobbles back and forth. Since the situation there is rotationally symmetrical, the field representation of the section through the axis there, the axis of rotation, of the gyrotron in the collector area is sufficient.
- the outer tube of the encapsulated collector coil system protruding into the collector is only indicated by its outer contour.
- the field-generating magnet system can be seen in FIG. 1.
- the exemplary coil parameters for this design are summarized in the table below.
- the details are geometric dimensions of the partial coils.
- the axial displacement of the impact area of the hollow electron beam and the widening and contraction is brought about by the application of an alternating current to the coils.
- the coil at the bottom of the indentation (COL4 in the table) is additionally excited with a direct current of 100 A / cm 2 .
- the total output for the collector coils is approximately 1.5 kW if a fill factor of 0.5 is assumed for the windings.
- With a wall thickness of 3 mm pulsation up to about 50 Hz is possible.
- the skin penetration depth of 9.28 mm at 50 Hz is reflected in a damping of the magnetic field collector space by 28%.
- the maximum of the current power density on the collector wall is about 3.5 kW / cm 2 in the case of the lowest beam position.
- the time-average distribution of the load along the collector surface reaches a maximum of 530 W / cm 2 at the lowest beam position
- the maximum oscillation of the surface temperature of the collector at the sweep frequency of 50 Hz is approximately 77 ° C. This is a significant improvement compared to 170 ° C with a coil group around the collector that can only be operated with 10 Hz pulsating.
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02708289A EP1362358B1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2002-01-16 | cOLLECTOR WITH A COLLECTOR WALL AND A COLLECTOR COIL GROUP FOR A GYROTRON |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2001105441 DE10105441C1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Collector wall and collector coil group of a gyrotron |
DE10105441.6 | 2001-02-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002063652A1 true WO2002063652A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
Family
ID=7673098
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/000363 WO2002063652A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2002-01-16 | Collector wall and collector coil group for a gyrotron |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1362358B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10105441C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002063652A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09245656A (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-09-19 | Toshiba Corp | Microwave tube device |
US5780970A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-07-14 | University Of Maryland | Multi-stage depressed collector for small orbit gyrotrons |
-
2001
- 2001-02-07 DE DE2001105441 patent/DE10105441C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-16 EP EP02708289A patent/EP1362358B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-16 WO PCT/EP2002/000363 patent/WO2002063652A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09245656A (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-09-19 | Toshiba Corp | Microwave tube device |
US5780970A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-07-14 | University Of Maryland | Multi-stage depressed collector for small orbit gyrotrons |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
G.LING, B. PIOSCYK, M.K.THUMM: "A New Approach for a Multistage Depressed Collector for Gyrotrons", IEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, vol. 28, no. 3, June 2000 (2000-06-01), pages 606 - 613, XP001080020 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 01 30 January 1998 (1998-01-30) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1362358A1 (en) | 2003-11-19 |
EP1362358B1 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
DE10105441C1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
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