WO2002040876A1 - Method for binding compound elements - Google Patents

Method for binding compound elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002040876A1
WO2002040876A1 PCT/EP2001/013082 EP0113082W WO0240876A1 WO 2002040876 A1 WO2002040876 A1 WO 2002040876A1 EP 0113082 W EP0113082 W EP 0113082W WO 0240876 A1 WO0240876 A1 WO 0240876A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iii
composite elements
isocyanates
space
composite
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/013082
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz Forster
Matthias Hefner
Peter Reinerth
Gerhard Bernard
Edmund Stadler
Georg Knoblauch
Olaf Schweers
Original Assignee
Basf Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Basf Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Basf Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to AU2002224842A priority Critical patent/AU2002224842A1/en
Priority to DE10194972T priority patent/DE10194972D2/en
Publication of WO2002040876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002040876A1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/38Devices for sealing spaces or joints between roof-covering elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/542Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by injection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12241Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment the two joint-segments being butt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/14Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B5/00Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/546Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by gravity, e.g. by pouring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B19/00Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
    • B63B19/12Hatches; Hatchways
    • B63B19/14Hatch covers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B5/00Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
    • B63B5/24Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics
    • B63B2005/242Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics made of a composite of plastics and other structural materials, e.g. wood or metal
    • B63B2005/245Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics made of a composite of plastics and other structural materials, e.g. wood or metal made of a composite of plastics and metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14Hull parts
    • B63B3/16Shells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14Hull parts
    • B63B3/48Decks
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for connecting composite elements which have the following layer structure:
  • the length specifications in layers (i), (ii) and (iii) relate to the thickness of the respective layer.
  • construction parts For the construction of ships, for example ship hulls and cargo space covers, bridges, roofs or high-rise buildings, construction parts must be used that can withstand considerable loads from external forces. Due to these requirements, such construction parts usually consist of metal plates or metal supports, which are reinforced by a corresponding geometry or suitable struts. Due to increased safety standards, the hulls of tankers usually consist of an inner and an outer hull, whereby each hull is made up of 15 mm thick steel plates, which are connected by approx. 2 m long steel struts. Since these steel plates are exposed to considerable forces, both the outer and the inner steel shell are stiffened by welded-on reinforcement elements. A disadvantage of these classic construction parts is the considerable amount of steel that is required, as well as the time-consuming and labor-intensive production.
  • Such PLC elements are known from the documents US 6 050 208, US 5 778 813, DE-A 198 25 083, DE-A 198 25 085, DE-A 198 25 084, DE-A 198 25 087 and DE-A 198 35 727. These composite elements are usually produced in such a way that the starting materials for producing the polyisocyanate polyaddition products are poured or injected between the metal plates in a single step.
  • the process of injecting the starting components is a crucial and critical step in the production of the composite elements If the generally known composite elements are used in complex structures such as ship hulls, individual composite elements usually have to be connected to one another without the strength of the overall structure suffering.
  • the present invention was therefore based on the object of developing a method for connecting the composite elements shown at the outset, which does not lead to any loss in the mechanical or static load-bearing capacity of the composite element.
  • the method for connecting the composite elements should be simple to carry out and should not impair the strength of the overall element.
  • the connection of the edges of (i) and (iii) with (i) and (iii) of the respective other composite element is identified in FIGS. 3 and 4 with (iv).
  • the first step in the connection according to the invention is the fixing of the composite elements to be connected.
  • the two composite elements are preferably fixed in such a way that the end face of the plate (i) of one composite element abuts the end face of the plate (i) of the second composite element and accordingly the end face of the plate (iii) of the one composite element abuts the end face of the plate (iii) of the second composite element.
  • the plates (i) and (iii) are preferably designed such that there are no major gaps between the plates (i) and (i) or (iii) and (iii) when the plates are fixed to one another.
  • the edges of the plates (i) and (iii) to be joined are particularly preferably straight edges.
  • FIG. 1 shows two composite elements and in Figure 4 the fixation of the composite element is outlined.
  • FIG. 3 shows two interconnected composite elements in cross-section, in which the space between (i) and (iii) between the connected composite elements is filled with (ii).
  • the panels (i) and (iii) each protrude, i.e. there is a free space between (ii) and the end of the edges of the plates (i) and (iii).
  • the distance between the edges of (i) or (iii) and (ii) is referred to in this document as (x) and is shown in FIGS. 1 and 4. This distance is essential in the connection of the plates of the composite elements to be connected, since this connection is preferably carried out by welding. During the welding process, the heat supplied can result in the plastic of (ii) burning or igniting. It is therefore essential that there is a distance of (x) between the edges of (i) and (iii) that are to be welded and (ii).
  • All known methods can be used as methods for welding the metal plates, for example by means of a laser or by means of a flame fed with acetylene / oxygen.
  • the connections from (i) to (i) and (iii) to (iii) are preferably complete in such a way that there are no gaps between the metal plates which lead to a loss of starting materials when the starting components are subsequently filled as a leak.
  • At least one composite element have at least one, preferably at least two opening (s) (v) through which one can fill (a) and (b) and, if appropriate, the further starting materials.
  • the starting materials can also be introduced through the side openings of the space to be filled, which are not covered by (i) or (iii).
  • the side openings are preferably sealed, for example in the manner shown at a later point, and the filling is preferably carried out through an opening (v). It is therefore preferred to seal the space to be filled with (a) and (b), with the exception of the openings (v) before filling with (a) and (b).
  • the filling is preferably carried out in such a way that the starting materials (a) and (b) for the production of (ii) are introduced continuously, preferably without interruption, in a single step into the space to be filled between (i) and (iii).
  • the filling of the space between (i) and (iii) with (a) and (b) and optionally the further starting materials can be carried out using conventional conveying devices, preferably continuously, for example using high and low pressure machines, preferably high pressure machines.
  • the filling with a high-pressure machine is preferably carried out via a mixing head, in which the starting components are mixed, in a single working step, preferably an injection process.
  • a single injection process means that the filling of the space between (i) and (iii) with the starting materials for the production of (ii) is not interrupted before the filling is complete.
  • the starting materials are thus preferably given in a single shot under pressure in the space between (i) and (iii).
  • the starting materials are therefore preferably introduced using a high-pressure apparatus via a mixing head.
  • the mixing head is preferably fixed to an opening (v) in (i) or (iii) through which the entry of the starting materials takes place, preferably the connection between the mixing head and the opening takes place in such a way that the starting materials run out between the mixing head and of the metal plates is prevented and the starting materials can be completely introduced into the space between (i) and (iii).
  • the mixing head is preferably fixed mechanically to (i) and / or (iii). It has proven to be advantageous not to load (i) and / or (iii) with the weight of the mixing head, since this loading leads to deformation who can lead metal plates.
  • the mixing head is therefore particularly preferably fastened to a holder which is independent of (i) and / or (iii) and carries the mixing head.
  • the mixing head is thus particularly preferably not carried by (i) and (iii), but magnetically fixed by (i) and (iii).
  • Conventional devices can be used as carriers for the mixing head, to which the mixing head can be attached, for example mounts such as scaffolding, cranes or the like positioned next to or above (i) or (iii).
  • the amounts of starting materials for the production of (ii) are difficult to measure in such a way that the space to be filled is filled, but overflow is prevented. Therefore, a larger amount of starting components for the production of (ii) is preferably added to the space between (i) and (iii) than it can accommodate.
  • the resulting overflow is preferably discharged through at least one opening (v).
  • overflow vessels can be attached to the opening (s) which serve as an overflow. These overflow vessels are preferably in a position above the space to be filled between (i) and (iii) with the starting materials for the production of (ii). This has the advantage that an increase in the still liquid, i.e. not yet fully reacted starting materials can be determined in the overflow vessels.
  • the opening (v) through which the filling takes place preferably remains closed by the fixed mixing head until the end of the curing process of the mixture (a) and (b).
  • one or more openings (v) can preferably be used to allow air to escape during the filling process.
  • the opening (s) (v) are preferably bores with a diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 cm, preferably 0.5 to 4 cm, in (i) and / or (iii).
  • At least two openings (v) are thus preferably present, the starting components for the production of (ii) being filled through at least one opening (v) and at least one further opening (v) serving as an overflow.
  • Methods are therefore preferred in which (i) and / or (iii) at least one composite element has at least one opening (v) through which one fills (a) and (b), and at least one opening (v) through which air can escape and excess (a) and (b) can flow out.
  • the delivery rate can be varied depending on the volume to be filled.
  • the conveying capacity and conveying device is selected such that the space to be filled can be filled with the components for the production of (ii) within 0.5 to 20 minutes.
  • Low-pressure or high-pressure machines preferably high-pressure machines, with piston metering or preferably axial piston metering, and preferably a storage tank with agitator, preferably a temperature-controlled storage tank, can be used as machines, preferably a circuit of storage tank mixing head storage tank and preferably the discharge rate 0.1 is up to 3.0 kg / sec.
  • the starting components are usually mixed at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 20 to 60 ° C., and introduced into the space between (i) and (iii) as already described.
  • the mixing can be carried out mechanically by means of a stirrer or a stirring screw, but preferably by the countercurrent principle customary in high-pressure machines, in which the A and B component jets meet and mix in the mixing head under high pressure, the jet of each component also being divided can be.
  • the reaction temperature i.e. the temperature at which the reaction takes place is usually> 20 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C., depending on the material thickness.
  • the edges of the space to be filled (R) are usually sealed in such a way that the space between (i) and (iii) can be completely filled with the starting components for the production of (ii), but an uncontrolled outflow of these starting components is prevented .
  • Sealing can be done with conventional plastic, paper or metal foils and / or plates, which are glued, welded or pressed, for example, and which can also serve as spacers, if necessary.
  • the preferred openings (v) which serve for filling or as an overflow, are excluded from the preferred seal.
  • the seal of (R) is preferably checked by measuring the pressure difference.
  • the expression pressure difference measurement is understood to mean that one tries to build up a pressure difference between the room (R) and the external environment over a certain period of time, for example by trying to create a negative or positive pressure in (R) in relation to the external environment to reach. This can be achieved by conventional vacuum pumps or well-known compressors that pump air or gas into the room (R). If a stable overpressure or underpressure can be generated in (R), this indicates a sufficiently dense cavity that can be filled with the starting components for the production of (ii). It should preferably be noted that the openings (v) which are provided for filling (R) with the starting components or as overflow openings for the exit of excess starting components are also temporarily sealed. If necessary, at least one of these openings can be used to connect the vacuum pump or compressor to (R).
  • starting materials or “starting components” are to be understood in particular as (a) isocyanates and (b) compounds which are reactive towards isocyanates, but, if appropriate, also (c) gases, (d) Catalysts, (e) auxiliaries and / or (f) blowing agents.
  • the reaction of (a) with (b) is preferably carried out in the presence of 1 to 50% by volume of gases (c).
  • Polymer polyols are preferably used as (b).
  • the reaction of (a) with (b) is preferably carried out in the presence of (f) blowing agents.
  • the composite elements preferably have the following layer structure:
  • polyisocyanate polyaddition products with a density of 350 to 1200 kg / m 3 obtainable by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates in the presence of (f) blowing agents, 1 to 50% by volume, based on the volume of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products, at least one gas (c) and optionally (d) catalysts and / or (e) auxiliaries,
  • the polyisocyanate polyaddition products (ii) of the composite elements produced according to the invention preferably have an elastic modulus of> 275 MPa in the temperature range from -45 to + 50 ° C (according to DIN 53457), an adhesion to (i) and (iii) of> 4 MPa ( according to DIN 53530), an elongation of> 30% in the temperature range from -45 to + 50 ° C (according to DIN 53504), a tensile strength of> 20 MPa (according to DIN 53504) and a compressive strength of> 20 MPa (according to DIN 53421) on.
  • the composite elements according to the invention can be prepared in such a way that between (i) and (iii) polyisocyanate polyadducts (ii), usually polyurethanes, which may have urea and / or isocyanurate structures, by reacting (a) isocyanates with ( b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates, optionally in the presence of blowing agents (f), from 1 to 50% by volume, based on the volume of the polyisocyanate polyadducts, of at least one gas (c), (d) catalysts and / or (e) auxiliaries , with (ii) preferably adhering to (i) and (iii).
  • the reaction is preferably carried out in a closed form, ie (i) and (iii), when filled with the starting components for the production of (ii), are in a form which is closed after the starting components have been completely registered.
  • the composite element can be removed from the mold.
  • the surfaces of (i) and (iii) are preferred before the production of the composite elements for cleaning and increasing the surface roughness with sand or steel balls, preferably with corundum or blasted iron gravel.
  • This blasting can be carried out according to the usual methods, in which the blasting material strikes the surfaces under high pressure, for example. Suitable equipment for such treatment is commercially available.
  • This treatment of the surfaces of (i) and (iii) which are in contact with (ii) after the reaction of (a) with (b) leads to a significantly improved adhesion of (ii) to (i) and ( iii).
  • the sandblasting is preferably carried out directly before the introduction of the components for the production of (ii) into the space between (i) and (iii).
  • the surfaces of (i) and (iii) to which (ii) is intended to adhere are preferably free of inorganic and / or organic substances which reduce adhesion, for example dust, dirt, oils and greases or generally known as mold release agents substances.
  • Layers (i) and (iii) can preferably be used as conventional metal plates, for example iron, steel, copper and / or aluminum plates, with the thicknesses according to the invention.
  • the space between (i) and (iii) can be filled both in the vertical orientation of (i) and (iii) and in the horizontal orientation of (i) and (iii).
  • Both (i) and (ii) can be coated, for example primed, primed, painted and / or coated with conventional plastics, in the production of the composite elements according to the invention.
  • (I) and (iii) are preferably used uncoated and particularly preferably cleaned, for example, by conventional sandblasting.
  • polyisocyanate polyadducts (ii) usually polyurethane and optionally polyisocyanurate products, in particular polyurethane elastomers, by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates, optionally in the presence of (f) blowing agents, (d) catalysts (e) Aids and / or (c) gases have been described many times.
  • Suitable isocyanates (a) are the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates known per se, preferably diisocyanates, which may be biuretized and / or iscyanurated by generally known processes. may have been fixed.
  • alkylene diisocyanates with 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical such as 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate, 2-ethyl-tetramethylene-1, 4, 2-methylpentamethylene-1, 5, tetra-methylene diisocyanate, 1, 4, Lysine ester diisocyanates (LDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate-1, 6 (HDI), cyclohexane-1, 3- and / or 1,4-diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, 4,4 ' -, 2,2'- and 2, 4 '-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, l-isocyanato-3, 3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcyclohexane (IPDI), 2,4- and / or 2, 6
  • LDDI Lysine
  • di- and / or polyisocyanates containing ester, urea, allophanate, carbodiimide, uretdione and / or urethane groups can be used in the process according to the invention.
  • 2,4'-, 2,2'- and / or 4,4'-MDI and / or polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates are preferably used, particularly preferably mixtures containing polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates and at least one of the MDI isomers.
  • Compounds which are reactive towards isocyanates can be used, for example, as compounds which have hydroxyl, thiol and / or primary and / or secondary amino groups as isocyanate-reactive groups and usually have a molecular weight of 60 to 10,000 g / mol, e.g. Polyols selected from the group of polymer polyols, polyether polyalcohols, polyester polyalcohols, polythioether polyols, hydroxyl-containing polyacetals and hydroxyl-containing aliphatic polycarbonates or mixtures of at least two of the polyols mentioned. These compounds usually have a functionality towards isocyanates of 2 to 6 and a molecular weight of 400 to 8000 and are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • polyether polyalcohols which, according to known technology, by addition of alkylene oxides, for example tetrahydrofuran, 1, 3-propylene oxide, 1, 2 or 2, 3-butylene oxide, styrene oxide and preferably ethylene oxide and / or
  • 1, 2-propylene oxide are available on usual starter substances.
  • Known aliphatic, araliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic compounds which contain at least one, preferably 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups and / or at least one, preferably 2 to 4 amino groups can be used as starter substances.
  • ethane diol diethylene glycol, 1, 2- or 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 7-heptanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, sugar, for example sucrose, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, ethylenediamine, propanediamine, neopentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine , 4,4 '-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 2- (ethylamino) ethylamine,
  • alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as mixtures. Alkylene oxides which lead to primary hydroxyl groups in the polyol are preferably used. Particularly preferred polyols are those which have been alkoxylated with ethylene oxide at the end of the alkoxylation and thus have primary hydroxyl groups.
  • polyurethane chemistry preferably styrene-acrylonitrile graft polyols
  • polymer polyols a special class of polyether polyols.
  • blowing agents (f) and / or gases (c) can preferably be used as further measures to reduce the shrinkage.
  • Suitable polyester polyols can be prepared, for example, from organic dicarboxylic acids with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and polyhydric alcohols, preferably diols, with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the polyester polyols preferably have a functionality of 2 to 4, in particular 2 to 3, and a molecular weight of 480 to 3000, preferably 600 to 2000 and in particular 600 to 1500.
  • the composite elements according to the invention are preferably produced using polyether polyalcohols as component (b) for the reaction with the isocyanates, advantageously those with an average functionality compared to isocyanates of 1.5 to 8, preferably 2 to 6, and a molecular weight of 400 to 8000.
  • polyether polyalcohols offer considerable advantages due to the improved stability of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products against hydrolytic cleavage and due to the lower viscosity, in each case in comparison with polyester poly lyalkoholen.
  • the improved stability against hydrolysis is particularly advantageous when used in shipbuilding.
  • the lower viscosity of the polyether polyalcohols and the reaction mixture for producing (ii) containing the polyether polyalcohols enables the space between (i) and (iii) to be filled more quickly and easily with the reaction mixture for producing the composite elements. Due to the considerable dimensions, particularly of structural parts in shipbuilding, low-viscosity liquids are of considerable advantage.
  • hydrocarbon skeleton with 10 to 40 carbon atoms and 2 to 4 groups reactive toward isocyanates.
  • hydrocarbon skeleton is to be understood as an uninterrupted sequence of carbon atoms which is not interrupted, for example in the case of ethers, with oxygen atoms.
  • Such substances also referred to below as (b3), can be used, for example, castor oil and its derivatives.
  • chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents in addition to the compounds mentioned having a customary molecular weight of 400 to 8000, diols and / or triols with molecular weights of 60 to ⁇ 400 can optionally be used as chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents in the process according to the invention.
  • chain extenders, crosslinking agents or, if appropriate, mixtures thereof may prove to be advantageous.
  • the chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents preferably have a molecular weight of 60 to 300.
  • aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or araliphatic diols with 2 to 14, preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as e.g. Ethylene glycol, propanediol-1, 3, decanediol-1, 10, o-, m-, p-dihydroxycyclohexane, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and preferably butanediol-1, 4, hexanediol-1, 6 and bis- (2-hydroxyethyl) -hydroquinone, triols, such as 1,2,4-, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy-cyclohexane, glycerol and trimethylolpropane, low molecular weight hydroxyl-containing polyalkylene oxides based on ethylene and / or 1,2-propylene oxide and the aforementioned diols and / or triplets as starter molecules and / or diamines such as Diethyltoluenedi
  • chain extenders, crosslinking agents or mixtures thereof are used to prepare the polyisocyanate polyaddition products, these expediently come in an amount of 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the total isocyanate-reactive compounds (b) used.
  • carboxylic acids can be used as (b) to optimize the curing process in the preparation of (ii).
  • carboxylic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylacetic acid, phthalic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, derivatives of the acids mentioned, isomers of the acids mentioned and any mixtures of the acids mentioned.
  • the proportion by weight of these acids can be 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of (b).
  • polymer polyols in particular styrene-acrylonitrile graft polyols, can significantly reduce the shrinkage of the polyisocyanate polyaddition product, for example the polyurethane, and thus lead to improved adhesion of (ii) to (i) and (iii).
  • blowing agents (f) and / or gases (c) can preferably be used as further measures to reduce the shrinkage.
  • component (c) for the preparation of (ii) which have a boiling point at a pressure of 1 bar of less (i.e. at temperatures lower than) -50 ° C., for example air, carbon dioxide,
  • Component (c) is preferably inert towards component (a), particularly preferably towards components (a) and (b), ie a reactivity of the gas towards (a) and (b) is scarcely, preferably not detectable.
  • the use of gas (c) differs fundamentally from the use of conventional blowing agents for the production of foamed polyurethanes.
  • blowing agents (f) are used in liquid form or are soluble in the polyol component in the case of the gaseous physical blowing agents) and evaporate during the reaction either due to the development of heat or in the case of water due to the reaction with the iso - If cyanate groups develop gaseous carbon dioxide, component (c) is preferably already used in gaseous form as an aerosol in the present invention, for example in the polyol component. 5
  • catalysts (d) which greatly accelerate the reaction of isocyanates with the compounds reactive towards isocyanates, preferably a total catalyst content of 0.001 to
  • the following compounds can be used: triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dicyclohexylmethylamine, dimethylcyclohexyl
  • alkanolamine compounds such as triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine , N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, 2- (N, N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, N, N ', N "-Tris- (dialkylaminoalkyl) hexahydrotri-
  • 25 azines e.g. N, N ', N "-Tris- (dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine, iron (II) chloride, zinc chloride, lead octoate and preferably tin salts, such as tin dioctoate, cirrhodiethylhexoate, dibutyltin dilaurate and / or dibutyldilauryltin mercaptide -Dimethyl- 3,4,5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, such as
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide
  • alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate and potassium isopropylate
  • alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids with 10 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally pendant OH groups.
  • the reaction mixture for the preparation of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products (ii) can optionally (e) be admixed with auxiliaries.
  • auxiliaries include fillers, surface-active substances, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, hydrolysis protection agents, fungistatic, bacteriostatic substances and foam stabilizers.
  • suitable surface-active substances are compounds which serve to support the homogenization of the starting materials and, if appropriate, are also suitable for regulating the structure of the plastics.
  • Examples include emulsifiers, such as the sodium salts of castor oil sulfates or of fatty acids, and salts of fatty acids with amines, for example oleic acid diethylamine, stearic acid diethanolamine, ricinoleic acid diethanolamine, salts of sulfonic acids, for example alkali metal or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzenic acid and disulfonic acid and disulfonylsulfonic acid and disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid and disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid and disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsul
  • Suitable flame retardants are, for example, tricresyl phosphate, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, tris (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (2,3-dibropropyl) phosphate, tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylenediphosphate, diethyl methane phosphonate, diethanolaminomethylphosphonic acid diethyl ester and commercially available halogen-containing flame retardant polyols.
  • inorganic or organic flame retardants such as red phosphorus, aluminum oxide hydrate, antimony trioxide, arsenic oxide, ammonium polyphosphate and calcium sulfate, expanded graphite or cyanuric acid derivatives, such as e.g. Melamine, or mixtures of at least two flame retardants, e.g. Ammonium polyphosphates and melamine and optionally corn starch or ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and expandable graphite and / or optionally aromatic polyesters are used to flame retard the polyisocyanate polyaddition products.
  • Fillers in particular reinforcing fillers, are to be understood as the conventional organic and inorganic fillers, reinforcing agents, weighting agents, agents for improving the abrasion behavior in paints, coating agents, etc., which are known per se.
  • inorganic fillers such as silicate minerals, for example layered silicates such as antigorite, serpentine, hornblende, a phibole, chrisotile and talc, metal oxides such as kaolin, aluminum oxides, titanium oxides and iron oxides, metal salts such as chalk, heavy spar and inorganic pigments , such as cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide, and glass and others.
  • Kaolin china clay
  • aluminum silicate and coprecipitates made from barium sulfate and aluminum silicate as well as natural and syn- synthetic fibrous minerals such as wollastonite, metal and glass fibers of short length.
  • suitable organic fillers are: carbon, melamine, rosin, cyclopentadienyl resins and graft polymers as well as cellulose fibers, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyester fibers based on aromatic and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters and in particular carbon fibers.
  • the inorganic and organic fillers can be used individually or as mixtures.
  • fillers 10 to 70% by weight of fillers, based on the weight of (ii), are preferably used as (e) auxiliaries in the preparation of (ii).
  • Talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, heavy spar, glass fibers and / or microglass balls are preferably used as fillers.
  • the size of the particles of the fillers should preferably be chosen so that the introduction of the components for the production of (ii) into the space between (i) and (iii) is not impeded.
  • the fillers particularly preferably have particle sizes of ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • the fillers are preferably used in a mixture with the polyol component in the reaction for the production of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products.
  • the fillers can be used to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products, which is greater than that of steel, for example, and thus to match that of the steel. This is particularly advantageous for a sustainable, firm bond between the layers (i), (ii) and (iii), since this results in lower stresses between the layers under thermal stress.
  • foam stabilizers which are commercially available and are generally known to the person skilled in the art are preferably used as (e), for example generally known polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers, e.g. Tegostab 2219 from Goldschmidt.
  • the proportion of these foam stabilizers in the preparation of (ii) is preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the for the production of (ii) components (b), (e) and optionally (d).
  • the use of these foam stabilizers has the effect that component (c) in the reaction mixture is stabilized to produce (ii).
  • Blowing agents (f) known from polyurethane chemistry can be used as blowing agents, for example physical and / or chemical blowing agents.
  • Such physical Blowing agents generally have a boiling point at a pressure of 1 bar of greater (ie at temperatures higher than) -50 ° C.
  • Examples of physical blowing agents are, for example, CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic 5 hydrocarbons, each with, for example, 4 to 6 carbon atoms or mixtures of these substances, for example trichlorofluoromethane (boiling point 24 ° C.), chlorodifluoromethane (boiling point -40.8 ° C.) , Dichlorofluoroethane (boiling point 32 ° C), chlorodifluoroethane (boiling point -9.2 ° C), dichlorotrifluoroethane (boiling point 27.1 ° C), 10 tetrafluoroethane (boiling point -26.5 ° C), hexafluorobutane (boiling point 24.6 ° C), iso-pentane (boiling point 28 ° C), n-pentane (boiling
  • Blowing agents which form gaseous products due to a reaction, for example with isocyanate groups, come, for example, water, hydrated compounds, carboxylic acids, tert.-alcohols, e.g. t-butanol, carbamates, for example those described in EP-A 1000955, in particular on pages 2, lines 5 to 31 and page 3, lines 20 21 to 42, carbamates, carbonates, e.g. Ammonium carbonate and / or ammonium hydrogen carbonate and / or guanidine carbamate.
  • Water and / or carbamates 25 are preferably used as blowing agents (f).
  • the blowing agents (f) are preferably used in an amount sufficient to obtain the preferred density of (ii). This can be determined with simple routine experiments, which are generally known to the person skilled in the art 30.
  • the blowing agents (f) are particularly preferably used in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate polyadducts.
  • the weight of (ii) by definition corresponds to the weight of the components (a), (b) and (c) used for the production of (ii) and, if appropriate, (d) and / or (e).
  • the isocyanates and the compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates are reacted in amounts such that the equivalence ratio of NCO groups of the isocyanates (a)
  • the polyisocyanate polyaddition products are usually produced by the one-shot process or by the prepolymer process, for example with the aid of high-pressure or low-pressure technology.
  • component (A) Polyol component
  • Component (c) can be fed to the reaction mixture comprising (a), (b) and optionally (f), (d) and / or (e), and / or the individual components (a), (b) already described , (A) and / or (B).
  • the component that is mixed with (c) is usually in liquid form.
  • the components are preferably mixed into component (b).
  • the corresponding component can be mixed with (c) by generally known methods.
  • (c) can be compressed by generally known loading devices, for example air loading devices, preferably under pressure, for example from a pressure vessel or by a compressor, e.g. are supplied through a nozzle to the corresponding component.
  • the corresponding components are preferably thoroughly mixed with (c), so that gas bubbles of (c) in the usually liquid component preferably have a size of 0.0001 to 10, particularly preferably 0.0001 to 1 mm.
  • the content of (c) in the reaction mixture for the production of (ii) can be determined in the return line of the high-pressure machine using generally known measuring devices via the density of the reaction mixture.
  • the content of (c) in the reaction mixture can preferably be regulated automatically on the basis of this density via a control unit.
  • the component density can be determined and regulated online during the normal circulation of the material in the machine, even at a very low circulation speed.
  • the composite elements obtainable according to the invention are used above all in areas in which construction elements are required which can withstand great forces, for example as construction parts in shipbuilding, for example in ship hulls, for example double hulls with an outer and an inner wall, and cargo space covers, cargo space partitions, loading flaps or in buildings, for example bridges or as construction elements in house construction, especially in high-rise buildings.
  • the composite elements according to the invention are not to be confused with classic sandwich elements, which contain a polyurethane and / or polyisocyanurate rigid foam as the core and are usually used for thermal insulation.
  • classic sandwich elements which contain a polyurethane and / or polyisocyanurate rigid foam as the core and are usually used for thermal insulation.
  • Known sandwich elements of this type would not be suitable for the named application areas due to their comparatively lower mechanical resilience.
  • Compact polyisocyanate polyadducts i.e. Products that do not consist of a network of gas-filled cells that are connected to one another via webs and cell walls.
  • the length and width of the composite elements to be connected are preferably 0.5 m to 10 m, particularly preferably 1 m to 5 m.

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Abstract

The invention is concerned with binding together compound elements that exhibit the following layered structure: (i) 2 to 20 mm metal layer, (ii) 10 to 100 mm polyisocyanate or polyaddition product layer obtained by mixing (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds that react with isocyanates, (iii) 2 to 20 mm metal layer. The invention is characterised in that the (i) and (iii) of the compound elements respectively extend beyond the compound layer (ii) by a distance (x) of at least 7.5 cm; the compound layers are respectively fixed to each other; and (a) isocyanates are reacted with (b) compounds that react thereto in the space between the two compound layers (i) and (iii).

Description

Verfahren zur Verbindung von VerbundelementenProcess for connecting composite elements
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zur Verbindung von Verbundelementen, die folgende Schichtstruktur aufweisen:The invention relates to methods for connecting composite elements which have the following layer structure:
(i) 2 mm bis 20 mm, bevorzugt 2 mm bis 10 mm, besonders bevorzugt 5 mm bis 10 mm Metall,(i) 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 10 mm metal,
(ii) 10 mm bis 300 mm, bevorzugt 10 mm bis 100 mm Kunststoff, bevorzugt Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte erhältlich durch Umsetzung von (a) Isocyanaten mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen,(ii) 10 mm to 300 mm, preferably 10 mm to 100 mm plastic, preferably polyisocyanate polyaddition products obtainable by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates,
(iii) 2 mm bis 20 mm, bevorzugt 2 mm bis 10 mm, besonders bevorzugt 5 mm bis 10 mm Metall.(iii) 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 10 mm metal.
Die Längenangaben in den Schichten (i) , (ii) und (iii) beziehen sich auf die Dicke der jeweiligen Schicht.The length specifications in layers (i), (ii) and (iii) relate to the thickness of the respective layer.
Für Konstruktion von Schiffen, beispielsweise Schiffsrümpfen und Laderaumabdeckungen, Brücken, Dächern oder Hochhäusern müssen Konstruktionsteile verwendet werden, die erheblichen Belastungen durch äußere Kräfte standhalten können. Derartige Konstruktionsteile bestehen aufgrund dieser Anforderungen üblicherweise aus Metallplatten oder Metallträgern, die durch eine entsprechende Geometrie oder geeignete Verstrebungen verstärkt sind. So beste- hen Schiffsrümpfe von Tankschiffen aufgrund von erhöhten Sicherheitsnormen üblicherweise aus einem inneren und einem äußeren Rumpf, wobei jeder Rumpf aus 15 mm dicken Stahlplatten, die durch ca. 2 m lange StahlVerstrebungen miteinander verbunden sind, aufgebaut ist. Da diese Stahlplatten erheblichen Kräften ausgesetzt sind, werden sowohl die äußere, als auch die innere Stahlhülle durch aufgeschweißte Verstärkungselemente versteift. Nachteilig an diesen klassischen Konstruktionsteilen wirken sich sowohl die erheblichen Mengen an Stahl aus, die benötigt werden, als auch die zeit- und arbeitsintensive Herstellung. Zudem weisen derar- tige Konstruktionsteile ein erhebliches Gewicht auf, wodurch sich eine geringere Tonnage der Schiffe und ein erhöhter Treibstoffbedarf ergibt. Zusätzlich sind solche klassischen Konstruktions- elemente auf der Basis von Stahl sehr pflegeintensiv, da sowohl die äußeren Oberfläche, als auch die Oberflächen der Stahlteile zwischen der äußeren und inneren Hülle regelmäßig gegen Korrosion geschützt werden müssen. Als Ersatz für die Stahlkonstruktionen sind SPS-Elemente (Sand- wich-plate-syste ) bekannt, die einen Verbund aus Metall und Kunststoff beinhalten. Durch die Haftung des Kunststoffs an den zwei Metallschichten entstehen Verbundelemente mit außerordent- liehen Vorteilen gegenüber bekannten Stahl Konstruktionen. Derartige SPS-Elemente sind bekannt aus den Schriften US 6 050 208, US 5 778 813, DE-A 198 25 083, DE-A 198 25 085, DE-A 198 25 084, DE-A 198 25 087 und DE-A 198 35 727. Üblicherweise werden diese Verbundelemente derart hergestellt, daß die Ausgangsstoffe zur Herstellung der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte in einem einzigen Arbeitsschritt zwischen die Metallplatten gegossen oder gespritzt werden. Da die reaktiven Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung der Kunststoffe im Verbundelement bereits beim Vermischen zu reagieren beginnen und ein vollständiges Befüllen des Raumes zwischen den Metallplatten Voraussetzung für ein einwandfreies Produkt ist, stellt der Vorgang der Injektion der Ausgangskomponenten einen entscheidenden und kritischen Schritt bei der Herstellung der Verbundelemente dar. Werden die allgemein bekannten Verbundelemente in komplexen Gebilden wie z.B. Schiffs- rümpfen eingesetzt, so müssen üblicherweise einzelne Verbundelemente miteinander verbunden werden, ohne daß die Festigkeit der Gesamtkonstruktion leidet.For the construction of ships, for example ship hulls and cargo space covers, bridges, roofs or high-rise buildings, construction parts must be used that can withstand considerable loads from external forces. Due to these requirements, such construction parts usually consist of metal plates or metal supports, which are reinforced by a corresponding geometry or suitable struts. Due to increased safety standards, the hulls of tankers usually consist of an inner and an outer hull, whereby each hull is made up of 15 mm thick steel plates, which are connected by approx. 2 m long steel struts. Since these steel plates are exposed to considerable forces, both the outer and the inner steel shell are stiffened by welded-on reinforcement elements. A disadvantage of these classic construction parts is the considerable amount of steel that is required, as well as the time-consuming and labor-intensive production. In addition, such construction parts have a considerable weight, which results in a lower tonnage of the ships and an increased fuel requirement. In addition, such classic construction elements based on steel are very maintenance-intensive, since both the outer surface and the surfaces of the steel parts between the outer and inner shell have to be regularly protected against corrosion. As a replacement for the steel structures, SPS elements (sandwich plate systems) are known which contain a composite of metal and plastic. The adhesion of the plastic to the two metal layers creates composite elements with extraordinary advantages over known steel constructions. Such PLC elements are known from the documents US 6 050 208, US 5 778 813, DE-A 198 25 083, DE-A 198 25 085, DE-A 198 25 084, DE-A 198 25 087 and DE-A 198 35 727. These composite elements are usually produced in such a way that the starting materials for producing the polyisocyanate polyaddition products are poured or injected between the metal plates in a single step. Since the reactive starting components for the production of the plastics in the composite element already start to react when they are mixed and a complete filling of the space between the metal plates is a prerequisite for a perfect product, the process of injecting the starting components is a crucial and critical step in the production of the composite elements If the generally known composite elements are used in complex structures such as ship hulls, individual composite elements usually have to be connected to one another without the strength of the overall structure suffering.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Verbindung der eingangs dargestellten Verbundelemente zu entwickeln, das zu keinen Einbußen in der mechanischen oder statischen Belastbarkeit des Verbundelementes führt. Zudem sollte das Verfahren zur Verbindung der Verbundelemente einfach durchzuführen sein und die Festigkeit des Gesamtelementes nicht beeinträchtigen.The present invention was therefore based on the object of developing a method for connecting the composite elements shown at the outset, which does not lead to any loss in the mechanical or static load-bearing capacity of the composite element. In addition, the method for connecting the composite elements should be simple to carry out and should not impair the strength of the overall element.
Diese Aufgabe wurde erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß (i) und (iii) der Verbundelemente jeweils um' eine Länge (x) von mindestens 7,5 cm, bevorzugt 7,5 cm bis 30 cm über (ii) hinausreichen, man die Verbundelemente zueinander fixiert, man jeweils (i) und (iii) der beiden Verbundelemente miteinander verbindet und in den Raum zwischen den verbundenen Schichten (i) beziehungsweise (iii) Kunststoffe einbringt, bevorzugt (a) Isocyanate mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen umsetzt. Bevorzugt wird man die Verbundelemente derart zueinander fixieren, daß jeweils die Stirnseiten von (i) und (iii) der beiden Verbundelemente einen Abstand von kleiner 2,0 mm zueinander aufweisen. Die Verbindung der Kanten von (i) und (iii) mit (i) und (iii) des jeweils anderen Verbundelements ist in den Figuren 3 und 4 mit (iv) gekenn- zeichnet. Der erste Schritt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindung stellt die Fixierung der zu verbindenden Verbundelemente dar. Dafür werden die zwei Verbundelemente bevorzugt derart fixiert, daß die Stirnseite der Platte (i) des einen Verbundelementes auf die Stirn- seite der Platte (i) des zweiten Verbundelementes stößt und entsprechend die Stirnseite der Platte (iii) des einen Verbundelementes auf die Stirnseite der Platte (iii) des zweiten Verbund- elementes stößt. Bevorzugt sind die Platten (i) und (iii) derart ausgestaltet, daß bei der dargestellten Fixierung der Platten zueinander keine größeren Lücken zwischen den Platten (i) und (i) beziehungsweise (iii) und (iii) auftreten. Besonders bevorzugt stellen die zu verbindenden Kanten der Platten (i) und (iii) gerade Kanten dar.This object has been achieved in that (i) and (iii) of the composite elements in each case by 'a length (x) of at least 7.5 cm, preferably 7.5 cm reach out to 30 cm above (ii), to the composite members to each other fixed, in each case (i) and (iii) of the two composite elements are connected to one another and plastics are introduced into the space between the connected layers (i) and (iii), preferably (a) reacting isocyanates with (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates. The composite elements are preferably fixed to one another in such a way that the end faces of (i) and (iii) of the two composite elements are at a distance of less than 2.0 mm from one another. The connection of the edges of (i) and (iii) with (i) and (iii) of the respective other composite element is identified in FIGS. 3 and 4 with (iv). The first step in the connection according to the invention is the fixing of the composite elements to be connected. For this purpose, the two composite elements are preferably fixed in such a way that the end face of the plate (i) of one composite element abuts the end face of the plate (i) of the second composite element and accordingly the end face of the plate (iii) of the one composite element abuts the end face of the plate (iii) of the second composite element. The plates (i) and (iii) are preferably designed such that there are no major gaps between the plates (i) and (i) or (iii) and (iii) when the plates are fixed to one another. The edges of the plates (i) and (iii) to be joined are particularly preferably straight edges.
Ein einzelnes Verbundelement ist in der Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt. Figur 1 stellt zwei Verbundelemente dar und in der Figur 4 ist die Fixierung der Verbundelement skizziert. Figur 3 stellt zwei miteinander verbundene Verbundelemente im Querschnitt dar, bei denen der Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) zwischen den verbünde- nen Verbundelementen mit (ii) ausgefüllt ist.A single composite element is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows two composite elements and in Figure 4 the fixation of the composite element is outlined. FIG. 3 shows two interconnected composite elements in cross-section, in which the space between (i) and (iii) between the connected composite elements is filled with (ii).
Bei beiden Verbundelementen stehen die Platten (i) und (iii) jeweils über, d.h. zwischen (ii) und dem Ende der Kanten der Platten (i) und (iii) befinden sich ein freier Raum. Der Abstand der Kanten von (i) bzw. (iii) und (ii) wird in dieser Schrift als (x) bezeichnet und ist in den Figuren 1 und 4 dargestellt. Dieser Abstand ist wesentlich bei der Verbindung der Platten der zu verbindenden Verbundelemente, da diese Verbindung bevorzugt durch Verschweißen erfolgt. Bei dem Schweißvorgang besteht durch die zugeführte Hitze die Gefahr, daß der Kunststoff von (ii) verbrennt oder sich entzündet. Deshalb ist es wesentlich, daß sich zwischen den Kanten von jeweils (i) beziehungsweise (iii) , die verschweißt werden, und (ii) ein Abstand von (x) befindet.In both composite elements, the panels (i) and (iii) each protrude, i.e. there is a free space between (ii) and the end of the edges of the plates (i) and (iii). The distance between the edges of (i) or (iii) and (ii) is referred to in this document as (x) and is shown in FIGS. 1 and 4. This distance is essential in the connection of the plates of the composite elements to be connected, since this connection is preferably carried out by welding. During the welding process, the heat supplied can result in the plastic of (ii) burning or igniting. It is therefore essential that there is a distance of (x) between the edges of (i) and (iii) that are to be welded and (ii).
Als Verfahren zum Verschweißen der Metallplatten können alle bekannten Verfahren angewendet werden, beispielsweise mittels Laser oder mittels einer Acetylen/Sauerstoff gespeisten Flamme. Bevorzugt sind die Verbindungen von (i) mit (i) und (iii) mit (iii) derart vollständig, daß keine Lücken zwischen den Metallplatten vorliegen, die beim anschließenden Befüllen mit den Ausgangskomponenten als Leck zu einem Verlust an Ausgangsstoffen führen.All known methods can be used as methods for welding the metal plates, for example by means of a laser or by means of a flame fed with acetylene / oxygen. The connections from (i) to (i) and (iii) to (iii) are preferably complete in such a way that there are no gaps between the metal plates which lead to a loss of starting materials when the starting components are subsequently filled as a leak.
Nach dem Verbinden der Platten (i) und (iii) der Verbundelemente befindet sich zwischen den verbundenen Platten (i) und (iii) ein freier Raum, der nicht von (ii) gefüllt ist. Da (ii) zur Festigkeit der Verbundelemente und der Gesamtkonstruktion beiträgt, ist es wesentlich, daß dieser Raum mit (ii) gefüllt wird. Dazu wer- den, wie bei der Herstellung der einzelnen Verbundelemente, die Ausgangsstoffe zur Herstellung von (ii) in diesen Raum gefüllt und umgesetzt.After the plates (i) and (iii) of the composite elements have been connected, there is a free space between the connected plates (i) and (iii) which is not filled by (ii). Since (ii) contributes to the strength of the composite elements and the overall construction, it is essential that this space be filled with (ii). To do this, which, like in the production of the individual composite elements, the starting materials for the production of (ii) filled and implemented in this space.
Bevorzugt weisen (i) und/oder (iii) mindestens eines Verbundelementes mindestens eine, bevorzugt mindestens zwei Öffnung (en) (v) auf, durch die man (a) und (b) sowie gegebenenfalls die weiteren Ausgangsstoffe füllen kann. Man kann die Ausgangsstof e auch durch die seitlichen Öffnungen des zu befüllenden Raumes, die nicht durch (i) oder (iii) abgedeckt sind, eintragen. Bevorzugt werden aber die seitlichen Öffnungen abgedichtet, beispielsweise auf die an späterer Stelle dargestellten Art, und das Befüllen erfolgt bevorzugt durch eine Öffnung (v) . Bevorzugt dichtet man somit den mit (a) und (b) zu befüllenden Raum mit Ausnahme von den Öffnungen (v) vor dem Befüllen mit (a) und (b) ab.Preferably, (i) and / or (iii) at least one composite element have at least one, preferably at least two opening (s) (v) through which one can fill (a) and (b) and, if appropriate, the further starting materials. The starting materials can also be introduced through the side openings of the space to be filled, which are not covered by (i) or (iii). However, the side openings are preferably sealed, for example in the manner shown at a later point, and the filling is preferably carried out through an opening (v). It is therefore preferred to seal the space to be filled with (a) and (b), with the exception of the openings (v) before filling with (a) and (b).
Bevorzugt erfolgt das Befüllen derart, daß man die Ausgangsstoffe (a) und (b) zur Herstellung von (ii) kontinuierlich bevorzugt ohne Unterbrechung in einem einzigen Arbeitsschritt in den zu befüllenden Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) einträgt. Das Befüllen des Raumes zwischen (i) und (iii) mit (a) und (b) sowie gegebenenfalls den weiteren Ausgangsstoffen kann mit üblichen Fördereinrichtungen, bevorzugt kontinuierlich, durchgeführt werden, beispielsweise mit Hoch- und Niederdruckmaschinen, vorzugsweise Hochdruckmaschinen. The filling is preferably carried out in such a way that the starting materials (a) and (b) for the production of (ii) are introduced continuously, preferably without interruption, in a single step into the space to be filled between (i) and (iii). The filling of the space between (i) and (iii) with (a) and (b) and optionally the further starting materials can be carried out using conventional conveying devices, preferably continuously, for example using high and low pressure machines, preferably high pressure machines.
Bevorzugt erfolgt das Befüllen mit einer Hochdruckmaschine über einen Mischkopf, in dem die Ausgangskomponenten vermischt werden, in einem einzigen Arbeitsschritt, bevorzugt Injektionsvorgang. In einem einzigen InjektionsVorgang bedeutet, daß die Befüllung des Raumes zwischen (i) und (iii) mit den Ausgangsstoffen zur Herstellung von (ii) vor der vollständigen Befüllung nicht unterbrochen wird. Die Ausgangsstoffe werden somit bevorzugt in einem einzigen Schuß unter Druck in den Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) gegeben. Bevorzugt trägt man somit die Ausgangsstoffe mittels einer Hochdruckapparatur über einen Mischkopf ein.The filling with a high-pressure machine is preferably carried out via a mixing head, in which the starting components are mixed, in a single working step, preferably an injection process. In a single injection process means that the filling of the space between (i) and (iii) with the starting materials for the production of (ii) is not interrupted before the filling is complete. The starting materials are thus preferably given in a single shot under pressure in the space between (i) and (iii). The starting materials are therefore preferably introduced using a high-pressure apparatus via a mixing head.
Bevorzugt wird der Mischkopf an einer Öffnung (v) in (i) oder (iii) , durch die die Eintragung der Ausgangsstoffe erfolgt, fixiert, bevorzugt erfolgt die Verbindung zwischen dem Mischkopf und der Öffnung derart, daß ein Herauslaufen der Ausgangsstoffe zwischen dem Mischkopf und der Metallplatten verhindert wird und die Ausgangsstoffe vollständig in den Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) eingetragen werden können. Bevorzugt fixiert man den Mischkopf mechanisch an (i) und/oder (iii) . Dabei hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, (i) und/oder (iii) nicht mit dem Gewicht des Mischkopfes zu belasten, da diese Belastung zu einer Verformung der Metallplatten führen kann. Besonders bevorzugt wird deshalb der Mischkopf an einer von (i) und/oder (iii) unabhängigen Halte- rung befestigt, die den Mischkopf trägt. Besonders bevorzugt wird der Mischkopf somit nicht von (i) und (iii) getragen, aber mit (i) und (iii) magnetisch fixiert. Als Träger für den Mischkopf können übliche Vorrichtungen dienen, an denen der Mischkopf befestigt werden kann, beispielsweise neben oder über (i) oder (iii) positionierte Halterungen wie Gerüste, Kräne oder ähnliches .The mixing head is preferably fixed to an opening (v) in (i) or (iii) through which the entry of the starting materials takes place, preferably the connection between the mixing head and the opening takes place in such a way that the starting materials run out between the mixing head and of the metal plates is prevented and the starting materials can be completely introduced into the space between (i) and (iii). The mixing head is preferably fixed mechanically to (i) and / or (iii). It has proven to be advantageous not to load (i) and / or (iii) with the weight of the mixing head, since this loading leads to deformation who can lead metal plates. The mixing head is therefore particularly preferably fastened to a holder which is independent of (i) and / or (iii) and carries the mixing head. The mixing head is thus particularly preferably not carried by (i) and (iii), but magnetically fixed by (i) and (iii). Conventional devices can be used as carriers for the mixing head, to which the mixing head can be attached, for example mounts such as scaffolding, cranes or the like positioned next to or above (i) or (iii).
Die Mengen an Ausgangsstoffen zur Herstellung von (ii) sind nur schwierig so zu bemessen, daß gerade der zu befüllende Raum gefüllt wird, aber ein Überlaufen verhindert wird. Deshalb wird bevorzugt eine größere Menge an Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstel- lung von (ii) in den Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) gegeben, als dieser Aufnehmen kann. Der resultierende Überlauf wird bevorzugt über mindestens eine Öffnungen (v) abgeführt. Bevorzugt kann man an der oder den Öffnungen (v) , die als Überlauf dienen, Überlaufgefäße anbringen. Diese Überlaufgefäße befinden sich bevorzugt in einer Position über dem zwischen (i) und (iii) mit den Ausgangsstoffen zur Herstellung von (ii) zu befüllenden Raum. Dies bietet den Vorteil, daß erst nach dem vollständigen Befüllen mit den Ausgangsstoffen ein Anstieg der noch flüssigen, d.h. noch nicht ausreagierten Ausgangsstoffe in den Überlaufgefäßen festgestellt werden kann. An dem Anstieg der Ausgangskomponenten in den Überlaufgefäßen kann man somit die vollständige Befüllung des Raumes zwischen (i) und (iii) ermitteln, anschließend die Überlaufgefäße verschließen, beispielsweise mit einem Kunststoff- oder Metallpfropfen bevorzugt mit einem Schraubverschluß , der sich entweder im Überlaufgefäß oder bevorzugt zwischen Überlaufgefäß und (i) und/oder (iii) befindet. Die Öffnung (v) , über die das Befüllen erfolgt, bleibt bevorzugt bis zum Ende des Aushärtevorgangs der Mischung (a) und (b) durch den fixierten Mischkopf verschlossen.The amounts of starting materials for the production of (ii) are difficult to measure in such a way that the space to be filled is filled, but overflow is prevented. Therefore, a larger amount of starting components for the production of (ii) is preferably added to the space between (i) and (iii) than it can accommodate. The resulting overflow is preferably discharged through at least one opening (v). Preferably, overflow vessels can be attached to the opening (s) which serve as an overflow. These overflow vessels are preferably in a position above the space to be filled between (i) and (iii) with the starting materials for the production of (ii). This has the advantage that an increase in the still liquid, i.e. not yet fully reacted starting materials can be determined in the overflow vessels. From the increase in the starting components in the overflow vessels, one can determine the complete filling of the space between (i) and (iii), then close the overflow vessels, for example with a plastic or metal plug, preferably with a screw cap, which is either in the overflow vessel or preferably between the overflow vessel and (i) and / or (iii). The opening (v) through which the filling takes place preferably remains closed by the fixed mixing head until the end of the curing process of the mixture (a) and (b).
Daneben können bevorzugt eine oder bevorzugt mehrere Öffnungen (v) dazu dienen, während des Befüllvorgangs Luft entweichen zu lassen.In addition, one or more openings (v) can preferably be used to allow air to escape during the filling process.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der oder den Öffnung (en) (v) um Bohrungen mit einem Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 5,0 cm, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 4 cm in (i) und/oder (iii) .The opening (s) (v) are preferably bores with a diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 cm, preferably 0.5 to 4 cm, in (i) and / or (iii).
Bevorzugt liegen somit mindestens zwei Öffnungen (v) vor, wobei durch mindestens eine Öffnung (v) die Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) gefüllt werden sowie mindestens eine weitere Öffnung (v) als Überlauf dient. Bevorzugt sind somit Verfahren, bei denen (i) und/oder (iii) mindestens eines Verbundelementes mindestens eine Öffnung (v) aufweist, durch die man (a) und (b) füllt, sowie mindestens eine Öffnung (v) , durch die Luft entweichen und überschüssiges (a) und (b) herausfließen kann.At least two openings (v) are thus preferably present, the starting components for the production of (ii) being filled through at least one opening (v) and at least one further opening (v) serving as an overflow. Methods are therefore preferred in which (i) and / or (iii) at least one composite element has at least one opening (v) through which one fills (a) and (b), and at least one opening (v) through which air can escape and excess (a) and (b) can flow out.
Die Förderleistung kann in Abhängigkeit des zu befüllenden Volumens variiert werden. Um eine homogene Durchhärtung von (ii) zu gewährleisten, wird die Förderleistung und Fördereinrichtung derart gewählt, daß der zu befüllende Raum innerhalb von 0,5 bis 20 min mit den Komponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) gefüllt werden kann. Als Maschinen können Niederdruck- oder Hochdruckmaschinen, bevorzugt Hochdruckmaschinen, mit Kolbendosierung oder bevorzugt Axialkolbendosierung, sowie bevorzugt einem Vorratsbehälter mit Rührwerk, bevorzugt einem temperierbaren Vorratsbehälter eingesetzt werden, wobei bevorzugt ein Kreislauf Vorratsbehälter- Mischkopf-Vorratsbehälter vorliegt und bevorzugt die Austragslei- stung 0,1 bis 3,0 kg/sec beträgt.The delivery rate can be varied depending on the volume to be filled. In order to ensure a homogeneous hardening of (ii), the conveying capacity and conveying device is selected such that the space to be filled can be filled with the components for the production of (ii) within 0.5 to 20 minutes. Low-pressure or high-pressure machines, preferably high-pressure machines, with piston metering or preferably axial piston metering, and preferably a storage tank with agitator, preferably a temperature-controlled storage tank, can be used as machines, preferably a circuit of storage tank mixing head storage tank and preferably the discharge rate 0.1 is up to 3.0 kg / sec.
Die Ausgangskomponenten werden üblicherweise bei einer Temperatur von 0 bis 100°C, vorzugsweise von 20 bis 60°C, gemischt und wie bereits beschrieben in den Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) eingebracht. Die Vermischung kann mechanisch mittels eines Rührers oder einer Rührschnecke, bevorzugt aber durch das bei Hochdruckmaschinen übliche Gegenstromprinzip erfolgen, bei dem A- und B- Komponenten-Strahl sich im Mischkopf unter jeweils hohem Druck treffen und vermischen, wobei der Strahl einer jeden Komponente auch geteilt sein kann. Die Reaktionstemperatur, d.h. die Temperatur, bei die Umsetzung erfolgt, beträgt üblicherweise in Abhängigkeit von der Materialdicke > 20°C, bevorzugt 50 bis 150°C.The starting components are usually mixed at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 20 to 60 ° C., and introduced into the space between (i) and (iii) as already described. The mixing can be carried out mechanically by means of a stirrer or a stirring screw, but preferably by the countercurrent principle customary in high-pressure machines, in which the A and B component jets meet and mix in the mixing head under high pressure, the jet of each component also being divided can be. The reaction temperature, i.e. the temperature at which the reaction takes place is usually> 20 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C., depending on the material thickness.
Die Umsetzungsprodukte (ii) , die wie dargestellt an der Verbindungsnaht zwischen den zwei Verbundelementen hergestellt werden, haften sowohl an den überstehen Enden von jeweils (i) und (iii) als auch an den Stirnseiten der bereits bestehen Kunststoff, die die Schicht (ii) der verbundenen Verbundelemente bilden. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß das verbundene Gasamtelement eine Festigkeit aufweist, die nahezu identisch ist mit der Festigkeit einzelnen, vorgefertigten Verbundelemente.The reaction products (ii), which are produced as shown on the connecting seam between the two composite elements, adhere both to the protruding ends of (i) and (iii) and to the end faces of the already existing plastic, which layer (ii) form the connected composite elements. This ensures that the connected gas element has a strength that is almost identical to the strength of individual, prefabricated composite elements.
Bei der Entwicklung geeigneter Herstellungsverfahren wurde fest- gestellt, daß ein unkontrolliertes Herauslaufen von flüssigen Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) kaum als Fehler zu beheben ist. Aufgrund der limitierten Menge pro Schuß führt ein unkontrollierter Verlust an Ausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung von (ii) zu einer unvollständigen Befüllung des Raumes zwischen (i) und (iii) . Aufgrund der schnellen Reaktion und der sehr guten Haftung von (ii) an (i) und (iii) entstehen durch eine unvollständige Befüllung weite Bereiche im Verbundelement, die kein (ii) enthalten und auch nicht mehr mit Ausgangskomponenten aufgefüllt werden können. Derartige Verbundelemente müssen leider verworfen werden.During the development of suitable manufacturing processes, it was found that an uncontrolled running out of liquid starting components for the manufacture of (ii) can hardly be remedied as a defect. Due to the limited amount per shot, an uncontrolled loss of starting material for the production of (ii) leads to an incomplete filling of the space between (i) and (iii). Due to the quick reaction and the very good adhesion of (ii) to (i) and (iii), incomplete filling creates large areas in the composite element that are not (ii) contain and can no longer be filled with starting components. Such composite elements unfortunately have to be discarded.
Um ein Verlust an Ausgangskomponenten zu verhindern, hat es sich daher als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die zu befüllende Vorrichtung sehr genau auf ihre Dichtigkeit zu überprüfen. Die Ränder des zu befüllenden Raumes (R) werden üblicherweise derart abgedichtet, daß der Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) zwar mit den Ausgangskompo- nenten zur Herstellung von (ii) vollständig gefüllt werden kann, ein unkontrolliertes Herausfließen dieser Ausgangskomponenten aber verhindert wird. Das Abdichten kann mit üblichen Kunststoff-, Papier- oder Metall-folien und/oder -platten, die beispielsweise verklebt, verschweißt oder angepreßt werden und die gegebenenfalls auch als Abstandshalter dienen können, erfolgen. Von der bevorzugten Abdichtung ausgenommen sind die bevorzugten Öffnungen (v) , die zum befüllen oder als Überlauf dienen.In order to prevent a loss of starting components, it has therefore proven to be advantageous to check the device to be filled for its tightness very precisely. The edges of the space to be filled (R) are usually sealed in such a way that the space between (i) and (iii) can be completely filled with the starting components for the production of (ii), but an uncontrolled outflow of these starting components is prevented , Sealing can be done with conventional plastic, paper or metal foils and / or plates, which are glued, welded or pressed, for example, and which can also serve as spacers, if necessary. The preferred openings (v), which serve for filling or as an overflow, are excluded from the preferred seal.
Die Überprüfung der Dichtung von (R) erfolgt bevorzugt durch Druckdifferenzmessung. Unter dem Ausdruck Druckdifferenzmessung ist zu verstehen, daß man versucht, eine Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Raum (R) und der äußeren Umgebung über einen bestimmten Zeitraum aufzubauen, beispielsweise indem man versucht, in (R) einen Unter- oder Überdruck im Verhältnis zur äußeren Umgebung zu erreichen. Dies kann durch übliche Vakuumpumpen oder allgemein bekannte Kompressoren, die Luft oder Gas in den Raum (R) pumpen, erreicht werden. Kann ein stabiler Über- oder Unterdruck in (R) erzeugt werden, so deutet dies auf eine ausreichend dichte Kavi- täthin, die mit den Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) gefüllt werden kann. Dabei ist bevorzugt zu beachten, daß man die Öffnungen (v) , die man zum Befüllen von (R) mit den Ausgangskomponenten bzw. als Überlauföffnungen zum Austritt von überschüssigen Ausgangskomponenten vorsieht, ebenfalls vorübergehend abdichtet. Dabei kann gegebenenfalls mindestens eine dieser Öffnungen dazu dienen, Vakuumpumpe oder Kompressor an (R) anzuschließen.The seal of (R) is preferably checked by measuring the pressure difference. The expression pressure difference measurement is understood to mean that one tries to build up a pressure difference between the room (R) and the external environment over a certain period of time, for example by trying to create a negative or positive pressure in (R) in relation to the external environment to reach. This can be achieved by conventional vacuum pumps or well-known compressors that pump air or gas into the room (R). If a stable overpressure or underpressure can be generated in (R), this indicates a sufficiently dense cavity that can be filled with the starting components for the production of (ii). It should preferably be noted that the openings (v) which are provided for filling (R) with the starting components or as overflow openings for the exit of excess starting components are also temporarily sealed. If necessary, at least one of these openings can be used to connect the vacuum pump or compressor to (R).
In dieser Schrift sind unter den Ausdrücken "Ausgangsstoffe" oder "Ausgangskomponenten" insbesondere (a) Isocyanate und (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Verbindungen zu verstehen, aber gegebe- nenfalls, soweit sie zum Einsatz kommen, auch (c) Gase, (d) Katalysatoren, (e) Hilfsmittel und/oder (f) Treibmittel.In this document, the terms “starting materials” or “starting components” are to be understood in particular as (a) isocyanates and (b) compounds which are reactive towards isocyanates, but, if appropriate, also (c) gases, (d) Catalysts, (e) auxiliaries and / or (f) blowing agents.
Bevorzugt führt man die Umsetzung von (a) mit (b) in Gegenwart von 1 bis 50 Volumen-% Gase (c) durch. Bevorzugt setzt man als (b) Polymerpolyole ein. Bevorzugt führt man die Umsetzung von (a) mit (b) in Gegenwart von (f) Treibmitteln durch. Bevorzugt weisen die Verbundelemente die folgende Schichtstruktur auf:The reaction of (a) with (b) is preferably carried out in the presence of 1 to 50% by volume of gases (c). Polymer polyols are preferably used as (b). The reaction of (a) with (b) is preferably carried out in the presence of (f) blowing agents. The composite elements preferably have the following layer structure:
(i) 2 mm bis 20 mm, bevorzugt 2 mm bis 10 mm, besonders bevorzugt 5 mm bis 10 mm Metall,(i) 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 10 mm metal,
(ii) 10 mm bis 300 mm, bevorzugt 10 mm bis 100 mm Polyisocya- nat-Polyadditionsprodukte mit einer Dichte von 350 bis 1200 kg/m3 erhältlich durch Umsetzung von (a) Isocyanaten mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen in Gegenwart von (f) Treibmitteln, 1 bis 50 Volumen-%, bezogen auf das Volumen der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditions- produkte, mindestens eines Gases (c) sowie gegebenenfalls (d) Katalysatoren und/oder (e) Hilfsmittel,(ii) 10 mm to 300 mm, preferably 10 mm to 100 mm, polyisocyanate polyaddition products with a density of 350 to 1200 kg / m 3 obtainable by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates in the presence of (f) blowing agents, 1 to 50% by volume, based on the volume of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products, at least one gas (c) and optionally (d) catalysts and / or (e) auxiliaries,
(iii) 2 mm bis 20 mm, bevorzugt 2 mm bis 10 mm, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 10 mm Metall.(iii) 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably 5 to 10 mm metal.
Die Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte (ii) der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Verbundelemente weisen bevorzugt ein Elastizitätsmodul von >275 MPa im Temperaturbereich von -45 bis +50°C (nach DIN 53457) , eine Adhäsion zu (i) und (iii) von >4 MPa (nach DIN 53530) , eine Dehnung von >30% im Temperaturbereich von -45 bis +50°C (nach DIN 53504) , eine Zugfestigkeit von >20 MPa (nach DIN 53504) und eine Druckfestigkeit von >20 MPa (nach DIN 53421) auf.The polyisocyanate polyaddition products (ii) of the composite elements produced according to the invention preferably have an elastic modulus of> 275 MPa in the temperature range from -45 to + 50 ° C (according to DIN 53457), an adhesion to (i) and (iii) of> 4 MPa ( according to DIN 53530), an elongation of> 30% in the temperature range from -45 to + 50 ° C (according to DIN 53504), a tensile strength of> 20 MPa (according to DIN 53504) and a compressive strength of> 20 MPa (according to DIN 53421) on.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundelemente kann man derart durchführen, daß man zwischen (i) und (iii) Polyisocyanat- Polyadditionsprodukte (ii) , üblicherweise Polyurethane, die gegebenenfalls Harnstoff- und/oder Isocyanuratstrukturen aufweisen können, durch Umsetzung von (a) Isocyanaten mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von Treibmitteln (f) , 1 bis 50 Volumen-%, bezogen auf das Volumen der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte, mindestens eines Gases (c) , (d) Katalysatoren und/oder (e) Hilfsmittel herstellt, wobei bevorzugt (ii) an (i) und (iii) haftet.The composite elements according to the invention can be prepared in such a way that between (i) and (iii) polyisocyanate polyadducts (ii), usually polyurethanes, which may have urea and / or isocyanurate structures, by reacting (a) isocyanates with ( b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates, optionally in the presence of blowing agents (f), from 1 to 50% by volume, based on the volume of the polyisocyanate polyadducts, of at least one gas (c), (d) catalysts and / or (e) auxiliaries , with (ii) preferably adhering to (i) and (iii).
Bevorzugt wird die Umsetzung in einer geschlossenen Form durchge- führt, d.h. (i) und (iii) befinden sich bei der Befüllung mit den Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) in einer Form, die nach der vollständigen Eintragung der Ausgangskomponenten verschlossen wird. Nach der Umsetzung der Ausgangskomponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) kann das Verbundelement entformt werden. Die Oberflächen von (i) und (iii) werden bevorzugt vor der Herstellung der Verbundelemente zur Reinigung und Erhöhung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit mit Sand oder Stahlkugeln, bevorzugt mit Korund oder Eisenkies gestrahlt. Dieses Strahlen kann nach den üblichen Verfahren erfolgen , bei denen das Strahlgut beispielsweise unter hohem Druck auf die Oberflächen auftrifft. Geeignete Apparaturen für eine solche Behandlung sind kommerziell erhältlich.The reaction is preferably carried out in a closed form, ie (i) and (iii), when filled with the starting components for the production of (ii), are in a form which is closed after the starting components have been completely registered. After the starting components have been converted to produce (ii), the composite element can be removed from the mold. The surfaces of (i) and (iii) are preferred before the production of the composite elements for cleaning and increasing the surface roughness with sand or steel balls, preferably with corundum or blasted iron gravel. This blasting can be carried out according to the usual methods, in which the blasting material strikes the surfaces under high pressure, for example. Suitable equipment for such treatment is commercially available.
Durch diese Behandlung der Oberflächen von (i) und (iii) , die nach der Umsetzung von (a) mit (b) in Kontakt mit (ii) stehen, führt zu einer deutlich verbesserten Haftung von (ii) an (i) und (iii) . Das Sandstrahlen wird bevorzugt direkt vor der Einbringung der Komponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) in den Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) durchgeführt. Die Oberflächen von (i) und (iii), an die (ii) haften soll, sind bevorzugt frei von anorganischen und/oder organischen Stoffen, die eine Haftung vermindern, beispielsweise Staub, Schmutz, Ölen und Fetten oder allgemein als Formtrenn- mittein bekannten Stoffen.This treatment of the surfaces of (i) and (iii) which are in contact with (ii) after the reaction of (a) with (b) leads to a significantly improved adhesion of (ii) to (i) and ( iii). The sandblasting is preferably carried out directly before the introduction of the components for the production of (ii) into the space between (i) and (iii). The surfaces of (i) and (iii) to which (ii) is intended to adhere are preferably free of inorganic and / or organic substances which reduce adhesion, for example dust, dirt, oils and greases or generally known as mold release agents substances.
Die Schichten (i) und (iii) können bevorzugt als übliche Metallplatten, beispielsweise Eisen-, Stahl- Kupfer- und/oder Aluminium-Platten, mit den erfindungsgemäßen Dicken eingesetzt werden.Layers (i) and (iii) can preferably be used as conventional metal plates, for example iron, steel, copper and / or aluminum plates, with the thicknesses according to the invention.
Die Befüllung des Raumes zwischen (i) und (iii) kann sowohl in vertikaler Ausrichtung von (i) und (iii) , als auch in horizontaler Ausrichtung von (i) und (iii) erfolgen.The space between (i) and (iii) can be filled both in the vertical orientation of (i) and (iii) and in the horizontal orientation of (i) and (iii).
Sowohl (i) als auch (ii) können beschichtet, beispielsweise grundiert, geprimert, lackiert und/oder mit üblichen Kunststoffen beschichtet bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundelemente eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden (i) und (iii) unbeschichtet und besonders bevorzugt beispielsweise durch übliches Sandstrahlen gereinigt eingesetzt.Both (i) and (ii) can be coated, for example primed, primed, painted and / or coated with conventional plastics, in the production of the composite elements according to the invention. (I) and (iii) are preferably used uncoated and particularly preferably cleaned, for example, by conventional sandblasting.
Die Herstellung der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukten (ii) , üblicherweise Polyurethan- und gegebenenfalls Polyisocyanuratpro- dukten, insbesondere Polyurethanelastomeren, durch Umsetzung von (a) Isocyanaten mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von (f) Treibmitteln, (d) Katalysatoren (e) Hilfsmitteln und/oder (c) Gasen ist vielfach beschrieben worden.The preparation of the polyisocyanate polyadducts (ii), usually polyurethane and optionally polyisocyanurate products, in particular polyurethane elastomers, by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates, optionally in the presence of (f) blowing agents, (d) catalysts (e) Aids and / or (c) gases have been described many times.
Die Ausgangsstoffe (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , (e) und (f) in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden im Folgenden beispielhaft beschrieben:The starting materials (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) in the process according to the invention are described below by way of example:
Als Isocyanate (a) kommen die an sich bekannten aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, araliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Isocyanate, bevorzugt Diisocyanate in Frage, die gegebenenfalls nach allgemein bekannten Verfahren biuretisiert und/oder iscyanurati- siert worden sein können. Im einzelnen seien beispielhaft genannt: Alkylendiisocyanate mit 4 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylenrest, wie 1, 12-Dodecandiisocyanat , 2-Ethyl-tetramethylen- diisocyanat-1, 4, 2-Methylpentamethylendiisocyanat-l, 5 , Tetra- methylendiisocyanat-1, 4, Lysinesterdiisocyanate (LDI) , Hexa- methylendiisocyanat-1, 6 (HDI) , Cyclohexan-1, 3- und/oder 1, 4-diisocyanat, 2,4- und 2, 6-Hexahydrotoluylendiisocyanat sowie die entsprechenden Isomerengemische , 4,4'-, 2,2'- und 2 , 4 '-Dicyclohexylmethandiisocyanat sowie die entsprechenden Isomerengemische, l-Isocyanato-3 , 3 , 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato- methylcyclohexan (IPDI) , 2,4- und/oder 2 , 6-Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI) , 4,4'-, 2,4'- und/oder 2 , 2 '-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) , Polyphenylpolymethylen-polyisocyanate und/oder Mischungen enthaltend mindestens zwei der genannten Isocyanate. Außerdem können Ester-, Harnstoff-, Allophanat-, Carbodiimid-, Uretdion- und/oder Urethangruppen enthaltende Di- und/oder Polyisocyanate in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt werden 2,4'-, 2,2'- und/oder 4, 4' -MDI und/oder Polyphenylpoly- methylen-polyisocyanate eingesetzt, besonders bevorzugt Mischun- gen enthaltend Polyphenylpolymethylen-polyisocyanate und mindestens eines der MDI-Isomere.Suitable isocyanates (a) are the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates known per se, preferably diisocyanates, which may be biuretized and / or iscyanurated by generally known processes. may have been fixed. The following may be mentioned as examples: alkylene diisocyanates with 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical, such as 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate, 2-ethyl-tetramethylene-1, 4, 2-methylpentamethylene-1, 5, tetra-methylene diisocyanate, 1, 4, Lysine ester diisocyanates (LDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate-1, 6 (HDI), cyclohexane-1, 3- and / or 1,4-diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, 4,4 ' -, 2,2'- and 2, 4 '-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, l-isocyanato-3, 3, 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcyclohexane (IPDI), 2,4- and / or 2, 6 -Toluylene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2, 2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates and / or mixtures containing at least two of the isocyanates mentioned. In addition, di- and / or polyisocyanates containing ester, urea, allophanate, carbodiimide, uretdione and / or urethane groups can be used in the process according to the invention. 2,4'-, 2,2'- and / or 4,4'-MDI and / or polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates are preferably used, particularly preferably mixtures containing polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates and at least one of the MDI isomers.
Als (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Verbindungen können beispielsweise Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, die als gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Gruppen Hydroxyl-, Thiol- und/oder primäre und/oder sekundäre Aminogruppen aufweisen und üblicherweise ein Molekulargewicht von 60 bis 10000 g/mol aufweisen, z.B. Polyole ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Polymerpolyole, Polyetherpolyalko- hole, Polyesterpolyalkohole, Polythioether-polyole, hydroxyl- gruppenhaltigen Polyacetale und hydroxylgruppenhaltigen aliphati- schen Polycarbonate oder Mischungen aus mindestens zwei der genannten Polyole. Diese Verbindungen weisen üblicherweise eine Funktionalität gegenüber Isocyanaten von 2 bis 6 und ein Molekulargewicht von 400 bis 8000 auf und sind dem Fachmann allgemein bekannt.Compounds which are reactive towards isocyanates can be used, for example, as compounds which have hydroxyl, thiol and / or primary and / or secondary amino groups as isocyanate-reactive groups and usually have a molecular weight of 60 to 10,000 g / mol, e.g. Polyols selected from the group of polymer polyols, polyether polyalcohols, polyester polyalcohols, polythioether polyols, hydroxyl-containing polyacetals and hydroxyl-containing aliphatic polycarbonates or mixtures of at least two of the polyols mentioned. These compounds usually have a functionality towards isocyanates of 2 to 6 and a molecular weight of 400 to 8000 and are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
Beispielsweise kommen als Polyetherpolyalkohole, die nach bekannter Technologie durch Anlagerung von Alkylenoxiden, beispielsweise Tetrahydrofuran, 1 , 3-Propylenoxid, 1 , 2- bzw. 2 , 3-Butylen- oxid, Styroloxid und vorzugsweise Ethylenoxid und/oderFor example, come as polyether polyalcohols which, according to known technology, by addition of alkylene oxides, for example tetrahydrofuran, 1, 3-propylene oxide, 1, 2 or 2, 3-butylene oxide, styrene oxide and preferably ethylene oxide and / or
1 , 2-Propylenoxid an übliche Startersubstanzen erhältlich sind. Als Startersubstanzen können beispielsweise bekannte alipha- tische, araliphatische, cycloaliphatische und/oder aromatische Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, die mindestens eine , bevorzugt 2 bis 4 Hydroxylgruppen und/oder mindestens eine, bevorzugt 2 bis 4 Aminogruppen enthalten. Beispielsweise können als Starter Substanzen Ethandiol , Diethylenglykol , 1 , 2- bzw. 1 , 3-Propandiol , 1, 4-Butandiol, 1, 5-Pentandiol, 1, 6-Hexandiol, 1 , 7-Heptandiol, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Neopentylglykol , Zucker, beispielsweise Saccharose, Pentaerythrit, Sorbitol, Ethylendiamin, Propan- diamin, Neopentandiamin, Hexamethylendiamin, Isophorondiamin, 4,4' -Diaminodicyclohexylmethan, 2- (Ethylamino) ethylamin,1, 2-propylene oxide are available on usual starter substances. Known aliphatic, araliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic compounds which contain at least one, preferably 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups and / or at least one, preferably 2 to 4 amino groups can be used as starter substances. For example, ethane diol, diethylene glycol, 1, 2- or 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 7-heptanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, sugar, for example sucrose, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, ethylenediamine, propanediamine, neopentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine , 4,4 '-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 2- (ethylamino) ethylamine,
3- (Methylamino)propyla in, Diethylentrimamin, Dipropylentriamin und/oder N,Nλ -Bis (3-aminopropyl) -ethylendiamin eingesetzt werden.3- (Methylamino) propyla in, diethylenetrimamine, dipropylenetriamine and / or N, N λ- bis (3-aminopropyl) ethylenediamine can be used.
Die Alkylenoxide können einzeln, alternierend nacheinander oder als Mischungen verwendet werden. Bevorzugt werden Alkylenoxide verwendet, die zu primären Hydroxylgruppen in dem Polyol führen. Besonders bevorzugt werden als Polyole solche eingesetzt, die zum Abschluß der Alkoxylierung mit Ethylenoxid alkoxyliert wurden und damit primäre Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen.The alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as mixtures. Alkylene oxides which lead to primary hydroxyl groups in the polyol are preferably used. Particularly preferred polyols are those which have been alkoxylated with ethylene oxide at the end of the alkoxylation and thus have primary hydroxyl groups.
Als Polymerpolyole, einer speziellen Klasse der Polyetherpolyole, können allgemein aus der Polyurethanchemie bekannte Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, bevorzugt Styrol-Acrylnitril-Pfropfpolyole.Compounds known from polyurethane chemistry, preferably styrene-acrylonitrile graft polyols, can be used as polymer polyols, a special class of polyether polyols.
Gerade der Einsatz von Polymerpolyolen kann den Schrumpf desEspecially the use of polymer polyols can shrink the
Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsproduktes, beispielsweise des Polyurethans deutlich vermindern und somit zu einer verbesserten Haftung von (ii) an (i) und (iii) führen. Gegebenenfalls können als weiteren Maßnahmen, den Schrumpf zu verringern, bevorzugt Treibmit- tel (f) und/oder Gase (c) eingesetzt werden.Significantly reduce the polyisocyanate polyaddition product, for example the polyurethane, and thus lead to improved adhesion of (ii) to (i) and (iii). If necessary, blowing agents (f) and / or gases (c) can preferably be used as further measures to reduce the shrinkage.
Geeignete Polyesterpolyole können beispielsweise aus organischen Dicarbonsäuren mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise ali- phatischen Dicarbonsäuren mit 4 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, und mehrwertigen Alkoholen, vorzugsweise Diolen, mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen hergestellt werden. Die Polyesterpolyole besitzen vorzugsweise eine Funktionalität von 2 bis 4, insbesondere 2 bis 3, und ein Molekulargewicht von 480 bis 3000, vorzugsweise 600 bis 2000 und ins- besondere 600 bis 1500.Suitable polyester polyols can be prepared, for example, from organic dicarboxylic acids with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and polyhydric alcohols, preferably diols, with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The polyester polyols preferably have a functionality of 2 to 4, in particular 2 to 3, and a molecular weight of 480 to 3000, preferably 600 to 2000 and in particular 600 to 1500.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundelemente werden bevorzugt unter Verwendung von Polyetherpolyalkoholen als Komponente (b) zur Umsetzung mit den Isocyanaten hergestellt, zweckmäßigerweise solche mit einer mittleren Funktionalität gegenüber Isocyanaten von 1,5 bis 8, bevorzugt 2 bis 6, und einem Molekulargewicht von 400 bis 8000.The composite elements according to the invention are preferably produced using polyether polyalcohols as component (b) for the reaction with the isocyanates, advantageously those with an average functionality compared to isocyanates of 1.5 to 8, preferably 2 to 6, and a molecular weight of 400 to 8000.
Die Verwendung von Polyetherpolyalkoholen bietet erhebliche Vor- teile durch eine verbesserte Stabilität der Polyisocyanat-Poly- additionsprodukte gegen eine hydrolytische Spaltung und aufgrund der geringeren Viskosität, jeweils im Vergleich mit Polyesterpo- lyalkoholen. Die verbesserte Stabilität gegen Hydrolyse ist insbesondere bei einem Einsatz im Schiffbau vorteilhaft. Die geringere Viskosität der Polyetherpolyalkohole und der Reaktionsmischung zur Herstellung von (ii) enthaltend die Polyetherpolyalko- hole ermöglicht eine schnellere und einfachere Befüllung des Raumes zwischen (i) und (iii) mit der Reaktionsmischung zur Herstellung der Verbundelemente. Aufgrund der erheblichen Abmessungen insbesondere von Konstruktionsteilen im Schiffbau sind niedrigviskose Flüssigkeiten von erheblichem Vorteil.The use of polyether polyalcohols offers considerable advantages due to the improved stability of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products against hydrolytic cleavage and due to the lower viscosity, in each case in comparison with polyester poly lyalkoholen. The improved stability against hydrolysis is particularly advantageous when used in shipbuilding. The lower viscosity of the polyether polyalcohols and the reaction mixture for producing (ii) containing the polyether polyalcohols enables the space between (i) and (iii) to be filled more quickly and easily with the reaction mixture for producing the composite elements. Due to the considerable dimensions, particularly of structural parts in shipbuilding, low-viscosity liquids are of considerable advantage.
Als gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Verbindungen sind des weiteren Substanzen geeignet, die ein Kohlenwasserstoffgerüst mit 10 bis 40 Kohlenstoffatomen und 2 bis 4 gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Gruppen aufweisen. Unter dem Ausdruck Kohlenwasserstoffgerüst ist eine ununterbrochene Abfolge von Kohlenstoffatomen zu verstehen, die nicht wie beispielsweise im Falle von Ethern mit Sauerstoffatomen unterbrochen ist. Als solche Substanzen, im Folgenden auch als (b3) bezeichnet, können beispielsweise Rizinusöl und deren Derivate eingesetzt werden.Also suitable as compounds reactive toward isocyanates are substances which have a hydrocarbon skeleton with 10 to 40 carbon atoms and 2 to 4 groups reactive toward isocyanates. The term hydrocarbon skeleton is to be understood as an uninterrupted sequence of carbon atoms which is not interrupted, for example in the case of ethers, with oxygen atoms. Such substances, also referred to below as (b3), can be used, for example, castor oil and its derivatives.
Als gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Verbindungen können des weiteren zusätzlich zu den genannten Verbindungen mit einem üblichen Molekulargewicht von 400 bis 8000 gegebenenfalls Diole und/oder Triole mit Molekulargewichten von 60 bis <400 als Kettenver- längerungs- und/oder Vernetzungsmittel bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Zur Modifizierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften, z.B. der Härte, kann sich jedoch der Zusatz von Kettenverlängerungsmitteln, Vernetzungsmitteln oder gegebenenfalls auch Gemischen davon als vorteilhaft erweisen. Die Ketten- verlängerungs- und/oder Vernetzungsmittel weisen vorzugsweise ein Molekulargewicht von 60 bis 300 auf. In Betracht kommen beispielsweise aliphatische, cycloaliphatische und/oder arali- phatische Diole mit 2 bis 14, vorzugsweise 4 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie z.B. Ethylenglykol, Propandiol-1, 3 , Decandiol-1, 10, o-, m-, p-Dihydroxycyclohexan, Diethylenglykol, Dipropylenglykol und vorzugsweise Butandiol-1 , 4 , Hexandiol-1, 6 und Bis- (2-hydroxy- ethyl) -hydrochinon, Triole, wie 1,2,4-, 1, 3 , 5-Trihydroxy-cyclohe- xan, Glycerin und Trimethylolpropan, niedermolekulare hydroxyl- gruppenhaltige Polyalkylenoxide auf Basis Ethylen- und/oder 1,2-Propylenoxid und den vorgenannten Diolen und/oder Triolen als Startermoleküle und/oder Diamine wie z.B. Diethyltoluendiamin und/oder 3 , 5-Dimethylthio-2 , 4-toluenediamin.As compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates, in addition to the compounds mentioned having a customary molecular weight of 400 to 8000, diols and / or triols with molecular weights of 60 to <400 can optionally be used as chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents in the process according to the invention. To modify the mechanical properties, e.g. the hardness, the addition of chain extenders, crosslinking agents or, if appropriate, mixtures thereof may prove to be advantageous. The chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents preferably have a molecular weight of 60 to 300. For example, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or araliphatic diols with 2 to 14, preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as e.g. Ethylene glycol, propanediol-1, 3, decanediol-1, 10, o-, m-, p-dihydroxycyclohexane, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and preferably butanediol-1, 4, hexanediol-1, 6 and bis- (2-hydroxyethyl) -hydroquinone, triols, such as 1,2,4-, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy-cyclohexane, glycerol and trimethylolpropane, low molecular weight hydroxyl-containing polyalkylene oxides based on ethylene and / or 1,2-propylene oxide and the aforementioned diols and / or triplets as starter molecules and / or diamines such as Diethyltoluenediamine and / or 3,5-dimethylthio-2,4-toluenediamine.
Sofern zur Herstellung der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukten Kettenverlängerungsmittel, Vernetzungsmittel oder Mischungen davon Anwendung finden, kommen diese zweckmäßigerweise in einer Menge von 0 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der insgesamt eingesetzten gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen (b) , zum Einsatz.If chain extenders, crosslinking agents or mixtures thereof are used to prepare the polyisocyanate polyaddition products, these expediently come in an amount of 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the total isocyanate-reactive compounds (b) used.
Außerdem können als (b) aliphatische, araliphatische, cycloali- phatische und/oder aromatische Carbonsäuren zur Optimierung des Härtungsverlaufes bei der Herstellung von (ii) eingesetzt werden. Beispiele für solche Carbonsäuren sind Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Oxalsäure, Malonsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Zitronensäure, Benzoesäure, Salicylsäure, Phenylessigsäure, Phthalsäure, Toluolsulfonsäure, Derivate der genannten Säuren, Isomere der genannten Säuren und beliebigen Mischungen der genannten Säuren. Der Gewichtsanteil dieser Säuren kann 0 bis 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von (b) , betragen.In addition, aliphatic, araliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic carboxylic acids can be used as (b) to optimize the curing process in the preparation of (ii). Examples of such carboxylic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylacetic acid, phthalic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, derivatives of the acids mentioned, isomers of the acids mentioned and any mixtures of the acids mentioned. The proportion by weight of these acids can be 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of (b).
Mit dem Einsatz von Amin-gestarteten Polyetherpolyalkoholen kann zudem das Durchhärteverhalten von der Reaktionsmischung zur Herstellung von (ii) verbessert werden. Bevorzugt werden die Verbindungen (b) , wie auch die anderen Komponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) , mit einem möglichst geringen Gehalt an Wasser eingesetzt, um die Bildung von Kohlendioxid durch Reaktion des Wassers mit Isocyanatgruppen zu vermeiden.With the use of amine-started polyether polyalcohols, the hardening behavior of the reaction mixture for the preparation of (ii) can also be improved. Compounds (b), like the other components for the preparation of (ii), are preferably used with the lowest possible water content in order to avoid the formation of carbon dioxide by reaction of the water with isocyanate groups.
Der bevorzugte Einsatz von Polymerpolyolen, insbesondere Styrol- Acrylnitril-Pfropfpolyolen, kann den Schrumpf des Polyisocyanat- Polyadditionsproduktes, beispielsweise des Polyurethans deutlich vermindern und somit zu einer verbesserten Haftung von (ii) an (i) und (iii) führen. Gegebenenfalls können als weiteren Maßnahmen, den Schrumpf zu verringern, bevorzugt Treibmittel (f) und/ oder Gase (c) eingesetzt werden.The preferred use of polymer polyols, in particular styrene-acrylonitrile graft polyols, can significantly reduce the shrinkage of the polyisocyanate polyaddition product, for example the polyurethane, and thus lead to improved adhesion of (ii) to (i) and (iii). If necessary, blowing agents (f) and / or gases (c) can preferably be used as further measures to reduce the shrinkage.
Als Komponente (c) zur Herstellung von (ii) können allgemein bekannte Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, die einen Siedepunkt bei einem Druck von 1 bar von kleiner (d.h. bei niedrigeren Tempera- turen als) -50°C aufweisen, beispielsweise Luft, Kohlendioxid,Generally known compounds can be used as component (c) for the preparation of (ii) which have a boiling point at a pressure of 1 bar of less (i.e. at temperatures lower than) -50 ° C., for example air, carbon dioxide,
Stickstoff, Helium und/oder Neon. Bevorzugt wird Luft eingesetzt. Die Komponente (c) ist bevorzugt gegenüber der Komponente (a) , besonders bevorzugt gegenüber den Komponenten (a) und (b) inert, d.h. eine Reaktivität des Gases gegenüber (a) und (b) ist kaum, bevorzugt nicht nachzuweisen. Der Einsatz des Gases (c) unterscheidet sich grundlegend von dem Einsatz üblicher Treibmittel zur Herstellung von geschäumten Polyurethanen. Während übliche Treibmittel (f) flüssig eingesetzt werden oder im Falle der gasförmigen physikalischen Treibmittel in der Polyol-Komponente bis zu einem geringen Prozentsatz löslich sind) und während der Umsetzung entweder aufgrund der Wärmeentwicklung verdampfen oder aber im Falle des Wassers aufgrund der Reaktion mit den Iso- cyanatgruppen gasförmiges Kohlendioxid entwickeln, wird in der vorliegenden Erfindung die Komponente (c) bevorzugt bereits gasförmig als Aerosol beispielsweise in der Polyolkomponente eingesetzt. 5Nitrogen, helium and / or neon. Air is preferably used. Component (c) is preferably inert towards component (a), particularly preferably towards components (a) and (b), ie a reactivity of the gas towards (a) and (b) is scarcely, preferably not detectable. The use of gas (c) differs fundamentally from the use of conventional blowing agents for the production of foamed polyurethanes. While conventional blowing agents (f) are used in liquid form or are soluble in the polyol component in the case of the gaseous physical blowing agents) and evaporate during the reaction either due to the development of heat or in the case of water due to the reaction with the iso - If cyanate groups develop gaseous carbon dioxide, component (c) is preferably already used in gaseous form as an aerosol in the present invention, for example in the polyol component. 5
Als Katalysatoren (d) können allgemein bekannte Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, die die Reaktion von Isocyanaten mit den gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen stark beschleunigen, wobei vorzugsweise ein Gesamtkatalysatorgehalt von 0,001 bisGenerally known compounds can be used as catalysts (d), which greatly accelerate the reaction of isocyanates with the compounds reactive towards isocyanates, preferably a total catalyst content of 0.001 to
10 15 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,05 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der insgesamt eingesetzten gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen, verwendet wird. Beispielsweise können folgende Verbindungen verwendet werden: Triethylamin, Tributylamin, Dimethylbenzylamin, Dicyclohexylmethylamin, Dimethylcyclohexyl-10 15 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 6 wt .-%, based on the weight of the total isocyanate-reactive compounds used. For example, the following compounds can be used: triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dicyclohexylmethylamine, dimethylcyclohexyl
15 a in, N,N,N' ,N' -Tetramethyl-diamino-diethylether, Bis- (dimethyl- aminopropyl) -harnstoff, N-Methyl- bzw. N-Ethylmorpholin, N-Cyclo- hexylmorpholin, N,N,N' ,N'-Tetramethylethylendiamin, N,N,N',N'- Tetramethylbutandiamin, N,N,N' ,N' -Tetramethylhexandiamin-1, 6, Pentamethyldiethylentria in, Dimethylpiperazin, N-Dimethylaminoe-15 a in, N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-diamino-diethyl ether, bis- (dimethylaminopropyl) urea, N-methyl- or N-ethylmorpholine, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylbutanediamine, N, N, N ', N' -tetramethylhexanediamine-1,6, pentamethyldiethylenetria in, dimethylpiperazine, N-dimethylaminoe
20 thylpiperidin, 1, 2-Dimethylimidazol, 1-Azabicyclo- (2, 2, 0) -octan, 1, 4-Diazabicyclo- (2 , 2,2) -octan (Dabco) und Alkanolaminverbin- dungen, wie Triethanolamin, Triisopropanolamin, N-Methyl- und N-Ethyl-diethanolamin, Dimethylaminoethanol , 2- (N,N-Dimethylami- noethoxy) ethanol , N,N' ,N"-Tris- (dialkylaminoalkyl) hexahydrotri-20 thylpiperidine, 1, 2-dimethylimidazole, 1-azabicyclo- (2, 2, 0) -octane, 1, 4-diazabicyclo- (2, 2,2) -octane (Dabco) and alkanolamine compounds, such as triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine , N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, 2- (N, N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, N, N ', N "-Tris- (dialkylaminoalkyl) hexahydrotri-
25 azine, z.B. N,N' ,N"-Tris- (dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotri- azin, Eisen (II) -chlorid, Zinkchlorid, Bleioctoat und vorzugsweise Zinnsalze, wie Zinndioctoat, Zirrndiethylhexoat, Dibutylzinn- dilaurat und/oder Dibutyldilaurylzinnmercaptid, 2 , 3-Dimethyl- 3,4,5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidin, Tetraalkylammoniumhydroxide, wie25 azines, e.g. N, N ', N "-Tris- (dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine, iron (II) chloride, zinc chloride, lead octoate and preferably tin salts, such as tin dioctoate, cirrhodiethylhexoate, dibutyltin dilaurate and / or dibutyldilauryltin mercaptide -Dimethyl- 3,4,5, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, such as
30 Tetramethylammoniumhydroxid, Alkalihydroxide, wie Natriumhydroxid, Alkalialkoholate, wie Natriummethylat und Kaliumiso- propylat, und/oder Alkalisalze von langkettigen Fettsäuren mit 10 bis 20 C-Atomen und gegebenenfalls seitenständigen OH-Gruppen.30 tetramethylammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, alkali metal alcoholates, such as sodium methylate and potassium isopropylate, and / or alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids with 10 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally pendant OH groups.
35 Es hat sich als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Herstellung von (ii) in Gegenwart von (d) durchzuführen, um die Reaktion zu beschleunigen.35 It has proven very advantageous to carry out the preparation of (ii) in the presence of (d) in order to accelerate the reaction.
Der Reaktionsmischung zur Herstellung der Polyisocyanat-Polyaddi- 40 tionsprodukte (ii) können gegebenenfalls (e) Hilfsmittel einverleibt werden. Genannt seien beispielsweise Füllstoffe, oberflächenaktive Substanzen, Farbstoffe, Pigmente, Flammschutzmittel, Hydrolyseschutzmittel, fungistatische, bakteriostatisch wirkende Substanzen und Schaumstabilisatoren. 45 Als oberflächenaktive Substanzen kommen z.B. Verbindungen in Betracht, welche zur Unterstützung der Homogenisierung der Ausgangsstoffe dienen und gegebenenfalls auch geeignet sind, die Struktur der Kunststoffe zu regulieren. Genannt seien beispiels- weise Emulgatoren, wie die Natriumsalze von Ricinusölsulfaten oder von Fettsäuren sowie Salze von Fettsäuren mit Aminen, z.B. ölsaures Diethylamin, stearinsaures Diethanolamin, ricinolsaures Diethanolamin, Salze von Sulfonsäuren, z.B. Alkali- oder Ammoniumsalze von Dodecylbenzol- oder Dinaphthylmethandisulfon- säure und Ricinolsäure. Die oberflächenaktiven Substanzen werden üblicherweise in Mengen von 0,01 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf 100 Gew.-% der insgesamt eingesetzten gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen (b) , angewandt.The reaction mixture for the preparation of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products (ii) can optionally (e) be admixed with auxiliaries. Examples include fillers, surface-active substances, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, hydrolysis protection agents, fungistatic, bacteriostatic substances and foam stabilizers. 45 Examples of suitable surface-active substances are compounds which serve to support the homogenization of the starting materials and, if appropriate, are also suitable for regulating the structure of the plastics. Examples include emulsifiers, such as the sodium salts of castor oil sulfates or of fatty acids, and salts of fatty acids with amines, for example oleic acid diethylamine, stearic acid diethanolamine, ricinoleic acid diethanolamine, salts of sulfonic acids, for example alkali metal or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzenic acid and disulfonic acid and disulfonylsulfonic acid and disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid and disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or disulfonylsulfonic acid or , The surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the compounds (b) reactive toward isocyanates used in total.
Geeignete Flammschutzmittel sind beispielsweise Trikresylphos- phat,Tris- (2-chlorethyl)phosphat, Tris- (2-chlorpropyl) phosphat, Tris (1, 3-dichlorpropyl)phosphat, Tris- (2, 3-dibro propyl)phosphat, Tetrakis- (2-chlorethyl) -ethylendiphosphat, Dirnethylmethanphos- phonat, Diethanolaminomethylphosphonsäurediethylester sowie han- delsübliche halogenhaltige Flammschutzpolyole . Außer den bereits genannten halogensubstituierten Phosphaten können auch anorganische oder organische Flammschutzmittel, wie roter Phosphor, Aluminiumoxidhydrat, Antimontrioxid, Arsenoxid, Ammoniumpolyphosphat und Calciumsulfat, Blähgraphit oder Cyanursäurederivate, wie z.B. Melamin, oder Mischungen aus mindestens zwei Flammschutzmitteln, wie z.B. Ammoniumpolyphosphaten und Melamin sowie gegebenenfalls Maisstärke oder Ammoniumpolyphosphat, Melamin und Blähgraphit und/oder gegebenenfalls aromatische Polyester zum Flammfestmachen der Polyisocyanat-polyadditionsprodukte verwendet werden. Im allgemeinen hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 25 Gew.-%, der genannten Flammschutzmittel, bezogen auf das Gewicht der insgesamt eingesetzten gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen, zu verwenden.Suitable flame retardants are, for example, tricresyl phosphate, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, tris (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (2,3-dibropropyl) phosphate, tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylenediphosphate, diethyl methane phosphonate, diethanolaminomethylphosphonic acid diethyl ester and commercially available halogen-containing flame retardant polyols. In addition to the halogen-substituted phosphates already mentioned, inorganic or organic flame retardants, such as red phosphorus, aluminum oxide hydrate, antimony trioxide, arsenic oxide, ammonium polyphosphate and calcium sulfate, expanded graphite or cyanuric acid derivatives, such as e.g. Melamine, or mixtures of at least two flame retardants, e.g. Ammonium polyphosphates and melamine and optionally corn starch or ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and expandable graphite and / or optionally aromatic polyesters are used to flame retard the polyisocyanate polyaddition products. In general, it has proven to be expedient to use 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight, of the flame retardants mentioned, based on the weight of the compounds used which are reactive toward isocyanates.
Als Füllstoffe, insbesondere verstärkend wirkende Füllstoffe, sind die an sich bekannten, üblichen organischen und anorganischen Füllstoffe, VerStärkungsmittel, Beschwerungsmittel, Mittel zur Verbesserung des Abriebverhaltens in Anstrichfarben, Be- schichtungsmittel usw. zu verstehen. Im einzelnen seien beispiel- haft genannt: anorganische Füllstoffe wie silikatische Mineralien, beispielsweise Schichtsilikate wie Antigorit, Serpentin, Hornblenden, A phibole, Chrisotil und Talkum, Metalloxide, wie Kaolin, Aluminiumoxide, Titanoxide und Eisenoxide, Metallsalze, wie Kreide, Schwerspat und anorganische Pigmente, wie Cadmium- sulfid und Zinksulfid, sowie Glas u.a.. Vorzugsweise verwendet werden Kaolin (China Clay) , Aluminiumsilikat und Copräzipitate aus Bariumsulfat und Aluminiumsilikat sowie natürliche und syn- thetische faserförmige Mineralien wie Wollastonit, Metall- und Glasfasern geringer Länge. Als organische Füllstoffe kommen beispielsweise in Betracht: Kohle, Melamin, Kollophonium, Cyclo- pentadienylharze und Pfropfpolymerisate sowie Cellulosefasern, Polyamid-, Polyacrylnitril-, Polyurethan-, Polyesterfasern auf der Grundlage von aromatischen und/oder aliphatischen Dicarbon- säureestern und insbesondere Kohlenstoffasern. Die anorganischen und organischen Füllstoffe können einzeln oder als Gemische verwendet werden.Fillers, in particular reinforcing fillers, are to be understood as the conventional organic and inorganic fillers, reinforcing agents, weighting agents, agents for improving the abrasion behavior in paints, coating agents, etc., which are known per se. The following may be mentioned as examples: inorganic fillers such as silicate minerals, for example layered silicates such as antigorite, serpentine, hornblende, a phibole, chrisotile and talc, metal oxides such as kaolin, aluminum oxides, titanium oxides and iron oxides, metal salts such as chalk, heavy spar and inorganic pigments , such as cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide, and glass and others. Kaolin (china clay), aluminum silicate and coprecipitates made from barium sulfate and aluminum silicate as well as natural and syn- synthetic fibrous minerals such as wollastonite, metal and glass fibers of short length. Examples of suitable organic fillers are: carbon, melamine, rosin, cyclopentadienyl resins and graft polymers as well as cellulose fibers, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyester fibers based on aromatic and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters and in particular carbon fibers. The inorganic and organic fillers can be used individually or as mixtures.
Bevorzugt setzt man bei der Herstellung von (ii) 10 bis 70 Gew.-% Füllstoffe, bezogen auf das Gewicht von (ii) , als (e) Hilfsmittel ein. Als Füllstoffe verwendet man bevorzugt Talkum, Kaolin, Cal- ziumcarbonat, Schwerspat, Glasfasern und/oder Mikroglaskugeln. Die Größe der Partikel der Füllstoffe ist bevorzugt so zu wählen, daß das Eintragen der Komponenten zur Herstellung von (ii) in den Raum zwischen (i) und (iii) nicht behindert wird. Besonders bevorzugt weisen die Füllstoffe Partikelgrößen von <0,5 mm auf.10 to 70% by weight of fillers, based on the weight of (ii), are preferably used as (e) auxiliaries in the preparation of (ii). Talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, heavy spar, glass fibers and / or microglass balls are preferably used as fillers. The size of the particles of the fillers should preferably be chosen so that the introduction of the components for the production of (ii) into the space between (i) and (iii) is not impeded. The fillers particularly preferably have particle sizes of <0.5 mm.
Die Füllstoffe werden bevorzugt in Mischung mit der Polyolkompo- nente bei der Umsetzung zur Herstellung der Polyisocyanat-Poly- additionsprodukte eingesetzt.The fillers are preferably used in a mixture with the polyol component in the reaction for the production of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products.
Die Füllstoffe können dazu dienen, den im Vergleich beispiels- weise zum Stahl größeren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizient der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte zu verringern und damit dem des Stahls anzupassen. Dies für einen nachhaltig festen Verbund zwischen den Schichten (i) , (ii) und (iii) besonders vorteilhaft, da damit geringere Spannungen zwischen den Schichten bei thermi- scher Belastung auftreten.The fillers can be used to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products, which is greater than that of steel, for example, and thus to match that of the steel. This is particularly advantageous for a sustainable, firm bond between the layers (i), (ii) and (iii), since this results in lower stresses between the layers under thermal stress.
Bevorzugt werden zur Herstellung von (ii) als (e) übliche Schaumstabilisatoren eingesetzt, die kommerziell erhältlich und dem Fachmann allgemein bekannt sind, beispielsweise allgemein be- kannte Polysiloxan-Polyoxyalkylen-Blockcopolymere, z.B. Tegostab 2219 der Firma Goldschmidt. Der Anteil an diesen Schaumstabilisatoren bei der Herstellung von (ii) beträgt bevorzugt 0,001 bis 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0,01 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der zur Herstellung von (ii) eingesetzten Komponenten (b) , (e) und gegebenenfalls (d) . Der Einsatz dieser Schaumstabilisatoren bewirkt, das die Komponente (c) in der Reaktionsmischung zur Herstellung von (ii) stabilisiert wird.For the preparation of (ii), conventional foam stabilizers which are commercially available and are generally known to the person skilled in the art are preferably used as (e), for example generally known polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers, e.g. Tegostab 2219 from Goldschmidt. The proportion of these foam stabilizers in the preparation of (ii) is preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the for the production of (ii) components (b), (e) and optionally (d). The use of these foam stabilizers has the effect that component (c) in the reaction mixture is stabilized to produce (ii).
Als Treibmittel (f) können aus der Polyurethanchemie allgemein bekannte Treibmittel eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise physikalische und/oder chemische Treibmittel. Derartige physikalische Treibmittel weisen im allgemeinen einen Siedepunkt bei einem Druck von 1 bar von größer (d.h. bei höheren Temperaturen als) -50°C auf. Beispiele für physikalische Treibmittel sind z.B. FCKW, HFCKW, HFKW, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, cycloaliphatische 5 Kohlenwasserstoffe, jeweils beispielsweise mit 4 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Gemische dieser Stoffe, beispielsweise Trichlor- fluormethan (Siedepunkt 24°C) , Chlordifluormethan (Siedepunkt -40.8°C), Dichlorfluorethan (Siedepunkt 32 °C) , Chlordifluorethan (Siedepunkt -9.2°C), Dichlortrifluorethan (Siedepunkt 27.1°C), 10 Tetrafluorethan (Siedepunkt -26.5°C), Hexafluorbutan (Siedepunkt 24.6°C), iso-Pentan (Siedepunkt 28°C) , n-Pentan (Siedepunkt 36°C) , Cyclopentan (Siedepunkt 49°C) .Blowing agents (f) known from polyurethane chemistry can be used as blowing agents, for example physical and / or chemical blowing agents. Such physical Blowing agents generally have a boiling point at a pressure of 1 bar of greater (ie at temperatures higher than) -50 ° C. Examples of physical blowing agents are, for example, CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic 5 hydrocarbons, each with, for example, 4 to 6 carbon atoms or mixtures of these substances, for example trichlorofluoromethane (boiling point 24 ° C.), chlorodifluoromethane (boiling point -40.8 ° C.) , Dichlorofluoroethane (boiling point 32 ° C), chlorodifluoroethane (boiling point -9.2 ° C), dichlorotrifluoroethane (boiling point 27.1 ° C), 10 tetrafluoroethane (boiling point -26.5 ° C), hexafluorobutane (boiling point 24.6 ° C), iso-pentane (boiling point 28 ° C), n-pentane (boiling point 36 ° C), cyclopentane (boiling point 49 ° C).
Als chemische Treibmittel, d.h. Treibmittel die aufgrund einer 15 Reaktion, beispielsweise mit Isocyanatgruppen, gasförmige Produkte bilden, kommen beispielsweise Wasser, Hydratwasser haltige Verbindungen, Carbonsäuren, tert .-Alkohole, z.B. t-Butanol, Carbamate, beispielsweise die in der Schrift EP-A 1000955, insbesondere auf den Seiten 2, Zeilen 5 bis 31 sowie Seite 3, Zeilen 20 21 bis 42 beschrieben Carbamate, Carbonate, z.B. Ammoniumcarbonat und/oder Ammoniumhydrogencarbonat und/oder Guanidincarbamat in Betracht .As a chemical blowing agent, i.e. Blowing agents which form gaseous products due to a reaction, for example with isocyanate groups, come, for example, water, hydrated compounds, carboxylic acids, tert.-alcohols, e.g. t-butanol, carbamates, for example those described in EP-A 1000955, in particular on pages 2, lines 5 to 31 and page 3, lines 20 21 to 42, carbamates, carbonates, e.g. Ammonium carbonate and / or ammonium hydrogen carbonate and / or guanidine carbamate.
Bevorzugt werden als Treibmittel (f) Wasser und/oder Carbamate 25 eingesetzt.Water and / or carbamates 25 are preferably used as blowing agents (f).
Bevorzugt werden die Treibmittel (f) in einer Menge eingesetzt, die ausreicht, um die bevorzugte Dichte von (ii) zu erhalten. Dies kann mit einfachen Routineexperimenten, die dem Fachmann 30 allgemein geläufig sind, ermittelt werden. Besonders bevorzugt werden die Treibmittel (f) in einer Menge von 0,05 bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte, eingesetzt.The blowing agents (f) are preferably used in an amount sufficient to obtain the preferred density of (ii). This can be determined with simple routine experiments, which are generally known to the person skilled in the art 30. The blowing agents (f) are particularly preferably used in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate polyadducts.
35 Besonders bevorzugt werden keine Treibmittel eingesetzt.35 No blowing agents are particularly preferred.
Das Gewicht von (ii) entspricht per Definition dem Gewicht der zur Herstellung von (ii) eingesetzten Komponenten (a) , (b) und (c) sowie gegebenenfalls (d) und/oder (e) .The weight of (ii) by definition corresponds to the weight of the components (a), (b) and (c) used for the production of (ii) and, if appropriate, (d) and / or (e).
4040
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Polyisocyanat-Polyadditi- onsprodukte werden die Isocyanate und die gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen in solchen Mengen zur Umsetzung gebracht, daß das Äquivalenzverhältnis von NCO-Gruppen der Isocyanate (a)To produce the polyisocyanate polyaddition products according to the invention, the isocyanates and the compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates are reacted in amounts such that the equivalence ratio of NCO groups of the isocyanates (a)
45 zur Summe der reaktiven Wasserstoffatome der gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen (b) und gegebenenfalls (f) 0,85 bis 1,25 : 1, vorzugsweise 0,95 bis 1,15 : 1 und insbesondere 1 bis 1,05 : 1, beträgt. Falls (ii) zumindest teilweise Iso- cyanuratgruppen gebunden enthalten, wird üblicherweise ein Verhältnis von NCO-Gruppen zur Summe der reaktiven Wasserstoffatome von 1,5 bis 60 : 1, vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 8 : 1, angewandt.45 to the sum of the reactive hydrogen atoms of the compounds (b) reactive towards isocyanates and optionally (f) 0.85 to 1.25: 1, preferably 0.95 to 1.15: 1 and in particular 1 up to 1.05: 1. If (ii) at least partially contain isocyanurate groups, a ratio of NCO groups to the sum of the reactive hydrogen atoms of 1.5 to 60: 1, preferably 1.5 to 8: 1, is usually used.
Die Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte werden üblicherweise nach dem one shot-Verfahren oder nach dem Prepolymerverfahren, beispielsweise mit Hilfe der Hochdruck- oder Niederdruck-Technik hergestellt .The polyisocyanate polyaddition products are usually produced by the one-shot process or by the prepolymer process, for example with the aid of high-pressure or low-pressure technology.
Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, nach dem Zweikomponentenverfahren zu arbeiten und die gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen (b) , gegebenenfalls die Treibmittel (f) und gegebenenfalls die Katalysatoren (d) und/oder Hilfsmittel (e) in der Komponente (A) (Polyolkomponente) zu vereinigen und bevorzugt innig miteinander zu vermischen und als Komponente (B) die Isocyanate (a) zu verwenden.It has proven to be particularly advantageous to work according to the two-component process and the compounds (b) reactive towards isocyanates, optionally the blowing agents (f) and optionally the catalysts (d) and / or auxiliaries (e) in the component (A) ( Polyol component) to combine and preferably to mix intimately and to use the isocyanates (a) as component (B).
Die Komponente (c) kann der Reaktionsmischung enthaltend (a) , (b) und gegebenenfalls (f) , (d) und/oder (e) zugeführt werden, und/ oder den einzelnen, bereits beschriebenen Komponenten (a) , (b) , (A) und/oder (B) . Die Komponente, die mit (c) gemischt wird, liegt üblicherweise flüssig vor. Bevorzugt wird die Komponenten in die Komponente (b) gemischt.Component (c) can be fed to the reaction mixture comprising (a), (b) and optionally (f), (d) and / or (e), and / or the individual components (a), (b) already described , (A) and / or (B). The component that is mixed with (c) is usually in liquid form. The components are preferably mixed into component (b).
Das Mischen der entsprechenden Komponente mit (c) kann nach allgemein bekannten Verfahren erfolgen. Beispielsweise kann (c) durch allgemein bekannte Beladungseinrichtungen, beispielsweise Luftbeladungseinrichtungen, bevorzugt unter Druck, beispielsweise aus einem Druckbehälter oder durch einen Kompressor komprimiert, z.B. durch eine Düse der entsprechenden Komponente zugeführt werden. Bevorzugt erfolgt eine weitgehende Durchmischung der entsprechende Komponenten mit (c) , so daß Gasblasen von (c) in der üblicherweise flüssigen Komponente bevorzugt eine Größe von 0,0001 bis 10, besonders bevorzugt 0,0001 bis 1 mm aufweisen.The corresponding component can be mixed with (c) by generally known methods. For example, (c) can be compressed by generally known loading devices, for example air loading devices, preferably under pressure, for example from a pressure vessel or by a compressor, e.g. are supplied through a nozzle to the corresponding component. The corresponding components are preferably thoroughly mixed with (c), so that gas bubbles of (c) in the usually liquid component preferably have a size of 0.0001 to 10, particularly preferably 0.0001 to 1 mm.
Der Gehalt an (c) in der Reaktionsmischung zur Herstellung von (ii) kann in der Rücklaufleitung der Hochdruckmaschine mit allgemein bekannten Meßgeräten über die Dichte der Reaktionsmischung bestimmt werden. Die Gehalt an (c) in der Reaktionsmischung kann über eine Kontrolleinheit bevorzugt automatisch auf der Grundlage dieser Dichte reguliert werden. Die Komponentendichte kann während der üblichen Zirkulation des Materials in der Maschine auch bei sehr niedriger Zirkulationsgeschwindigkeit online bestimmt und reguliert werden. Die erfindungsgemäß erhältlichen Verbundelemente finden Verwendung vor allem in Bereichen, in denen Konstruktionselemente benötigt werden, die großen Kräften standhalten, beispielsweise als Konstruktionsteile im Schiffsbau, z.B. in Schiffsrümpfen, bei- spielsweise Schiffsdoppelrümpfe mit einer äußeren und einer inneren Wand, und Laderaumabdeckungen, Laderaumtrennwänden, Ladeklappen oder in Bauwerken, beispielsweise Brücken oder als Konstruktionselemente im Hausbau, insbesondere in Hochhäusern.The content of (c) in the reaction mixture for the production of (ii) can be determined in the return line of the high-pressure machine using generally known measuring devices via the density of the reaction mixture. The content of (c) in the reaction mixture can preferably be regulated automatically on the basis of this density via a control unit. The component density can be determined and regulated online during the normal circulation of the material in the machine, even at a very low circulation speed. The composite elements obtainable according to the invention are used above all in areas in which construction elements are required which can withstand great forces, for example as construction parts in shipbuilding, for example in ship hulls, for example double hulls with an outer and an inner wall, and cargo space covers, cargo space partitions, loading flaps or in buildings, for example bridges or as construction elements in house construction, especially in high-rise buildings.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundelemente sind nicht mit klassischen Sandwichelementen zu verwechseln, die als Kern einen Polyurethan- und/oder Polyisocyanurathartschaumstoff enthalten und üblicherweise zur thermischen Isolierung eingesetzt werden. Derartige bekannte Sandwichelemente wären aufgrund ihrer vergleichsweise ge- ringeren mechanischen Belastbarkeit nicht für die genannten Anwendungsbereiche geeignet .The composite elements according to the invention are not to be confused with classic sandwich elements, which contain a polyurethane and / or polyisocyanurate rigid foam as the core and are usually used for thermal insulation. Known sandwich elements of this type would not be suitable for the named application areas due to their comparatively lower mechanical resilience.
Bevorzugt sind kompakte Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte, d.h. Produkte, die nicht aus einem Netzwerk von gasgefüllten Zellen, die über Stege und Zellwände miteinander verbunden sind, bestehen.Compact polyisocyanate polyadducts, i.e. Products that do not consist of a network of gas-filled cells that are connected to one another via webs and cell walls.
Die Länge und Breite der zu verbindenden Verbundelemente betragen bevorzugt 0,5 m bis 10 m, besonders bevorzugt 1 m bis 5 m. The length and width of the composite elements to be connected are preferably 0.5 m to 10 m, particularly preferably 1 m to 5 m.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Verbindung von Verbundelementen, die folgende Schichtstruktur aufweisen:1. Method for connecting composite elements which have the following layer structure:
(i) 2 bis 20 mm Metall,(i) 2 to 20 mm metal,
(ii) 10 bis 300 mm Kunststoff, (iii) 2 bis 20 mm Metall,(ii) 10 to 300 mm plastic, (iii) 2 to 20 mm metal,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß (i) und (iii) der Verbundelemente jeweils um eine Länge (x) von mindestens 7,5 cm über (ii) hinausreichen, man die Verbundelemente zueinander fixiert, man jeweils (i) und (iii) der beiden Verbundelemente miteinander verbindet und in den Raum zwischen den verbundenen Schichten (i) beziehungsweise (iii) Kunststoffe einbringt, die an (i) und (iii) haften.characterized in that (i) and (iii) of the composite elements each extend a length (x) of at least 7.5 cm beyond (ii), the composite elements are fixed to one another, and (i) and (iii) of the two composite elements connects with each other and introduces plastics into the space between the connected layers (i) or (iii) that adhere to (i) and (iii).
2. Verfahren zur Verbindung von Verbundelementen, die folgende Schichtstruktur aufweisen:2. Method for connecting composite elements which have the following layer structure:
(i) 2 bis 20 mm Metall,(i) 2 to 20 mm metal,
(ii) 10 bis 100 mm Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukte erhältlich durch Umsetzung von (a) Isocyanaten mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen, (iii) 2 bis 20 mm Metall,(ii) 10 to 100 mm polyisocyanate polyadducts obtainable by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds reactive toward isocyanates, (iii) 2 to 20 mm metal,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß (i) und (iii) der Verbundelemente jeweils um eine Länge (x) von mindestens 7,5 cm über (ii) hinausreichen, man die Verbundelemente zueinander fixiert, man jeweils (i) und (iii) der beiden Verbundelemente miteinander verbindet und in den Raum zwischen den verbundenen Schichten (i) beziehungsweise (iii) (a) Isocyanate mit (b) gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen umsetzt.characterized in that (i) and (iii) of the composite elements each extend a length (x) of at least 7.5 cm beyond (ii), the composite elements are fixed to one another, and (i) and (iii) of the two composite elements connects with each other and in the space between the connected layers (i) or (iii) (a) isocyanates with (b) isocyanate-reactive compounds.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man jeweils (i) und (iii) der beiden Verbundelemente miteinander verschweißt.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in each case (i) and (iii) of the two composite elements are welded together.
Zeichn. Sign.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß (i) und/oder (iii) mindestens eines Verbundelementes mindestens eine Öffnung (v) aufweist, durch die man (a) und (b) füllt.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that (i) and / or (iii) at least one composite element has at least one opening (v) through which one fills (a) and (b).
5 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß (i) und/oder (iii) mindestens eines Verbundelementes mindestens eine Öffnung (v) aufweist, durch die man (a) und (b) füllt, sowie mindestens eine Öffnung (v) , durch die Luft entweichen und überschüssiges (a) und (b) herausfließen kann.5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that (i) and / or (iii) at least one composite element has at least one opening (v) through which one fills (a) and (b), and at least one opening (v ), can escape through the air and excess (a) and (b) can flow out.
1010
Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den mit (a) und (b) zu befüllenden Raum mit Ausnahme von der oder den Öffnungen (v) vor dem Befüllen mit (a) und (b) abdichtet.Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the space to be filled with (a) and (b) is sealed with the exception of the opening (s) (v) before filling with (a) and (b).
1515
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Ausgangsstoffe (a) und (b) zur Herstellung von (ii) kontinuierlich ohne Unterbrechung in einem einzigen Arbeits- schritt in den zu befüllenden Raum zwischen (i) und (iii)7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the starting materials (a) and (b) for the production of (ii) continuously without interruption in a single step in the space to be filled between (i) and (iii)
20 einträgt.20 entries.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Ausgangsstoffe mittels einer Hochdruckapparatur über einen oder mehrere Mischköpfe einträgt.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that one enters the starting materials by means of a high pressure apparatus through one or more mixing heads.
2525
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Mischkopf an der Öffnung in (i) oder (iii) , durch die die Eintragung der Ausgangsstoffe erfolgt, mechanisch oder magnetisch fixiert.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the mixing head at the opening in (i) or (iii) through which the entry of the starting materials takes place, mechanically or magnetically fixed.
3030
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Umsetzung von (a) mit (b) in Gegenwart von 1 bis 50 Volu- men-% Gase (c) durchführt.10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that one carries out the reaction of (a) with (b) in the presence of 1 to 50% by volume of gases (c).
35 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als (b) Polymerpolyole einsetzt.35 11. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that one uses as (b) polymer polyols.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Umsetzung von (a) mit (b) in Gegenwart von (f) Treibmit- 40 teln durchführt.12. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that one carries out the reaction of (a) with (b) in the presence of (f) blowing agents.
13. Verbundelemente erhältlich durch ein Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12.13. Composite elements obtainable by a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.
45 14. Schiffe oder Bauwerke enthaltend Verbundelemente nach Anspruch 13. 45 14. Ships or structures containing composite elements according to claim 13.
PCT/EP2001/013082 2000-11-14 2001-11-13 Method for binding compound elements WO2002040876A1 (en)

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DE10056375A DE10056375A1 (en) 2000-11-14 2000-11-14 Bonding together metal-polyurethane-metal sandwich elements, for use e.g. in ships or buildings, involves fixing together elements with projecting metal edges and reacting isocyanate with polyol in the space formed

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US8875475B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2014-11-04 Millport Associates S.A. Multiple panel beams and methods
EP2837749A1 (en) * 2013-08-13 2015-02-18 Jean-Marc Faber Method for manufacturing a composite wall

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