WO2002023245A2 - Filtre d'insertion-extraction pouvant etre accorde - Google Patents

Filtre d'insertion-extraction pouvant etre accorde Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002023245A2
WO2002023245A2 PCT/US2001/042201 US0142201W WO0223245A2 WO 2002023245 A2 WO2002023245 A2 WO 2002023245A2 US 0142201 W US0142201 W US 0142201W WO 0223245 A2 WO0223245 A2 WO 0223245A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channels
filter
signal
add
port
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/042201
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English (en)
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WO2002023245A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert H. Cormack
Original Assignee
Cormack Robert H
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cormack Robert H filed Critical Cormack Robert H
Priority to AU2001289216A priority Critical patent/AU2001289216A1/en
Publication of WO2002023245A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002023245A2/fr
Publication of WO2002023245A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002023245A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2706—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters
    • G02B6/2713—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters cascade of polarisation selective or adjusting operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G02B6/2935—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G02B6/2935—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means
    • G02B6/29352—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide
    • G02B6/29355—Cascade arrangement of interferometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G02B6/29382—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM including at least adding or dropping a signal, i.e. passing the majority of signals
    • G02B6/29383—Adding and dropping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
    • H04J14/0208—Interleaved arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
    • H04J14/021—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
    • H04J14/0213—Groups of channels or wave bands arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/212—Mach-Zehnder type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/05—Function characteristic wavelength dependent
    • G02F2203/055—Function characteristic wavelength dependent wavelength filtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
    • H04J14/0206—Express channels arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
    • H04J14/0209—Multi-stage arrangements, e.g. by cascading multiplexers or demultiplexers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tunable optical filters.
  • the present invention relates to tunable optical add, drop, and add/drop filters.
  • Optical fiber communications systems are theoretically capable of extremely high data rates (terabits per second), meaning that many channels of gigabit rate data can theoretically be carried on a fiber, via wavelength division multiplexing.
  • the utility of fiber optic systems has been limited, however, because of the cost and complexity of the electronics required to separate out a specific wavelength channel or channels at every node in the communications system.
  • optical add/drop filters are used to extract desired frequencies.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional fixed-wavelength optical add/drop filter system 100, based on a thin- film interference filter 108.
  • An add/drop filter 100 such as that shown in figure 1 , which extracts (drops) and reinserts (adds) a fixed wavelength.
  • a multiplexing filter system which drops and adds four fixed wavelengths is many thousands of dollars. In the future, when fibers may carry as many 256 wavelengths, the cost of an add/drop multiplexor might be $1 million or more.
  • Tunable filters of the Fabry-Perot type are available, but it is not currently feasible to achieve the necessary degree of finesse in these filters. If they can tune the entire WDM range, they do not have narrow enough channels, and if they have narrow enough channels, they can only tune over a portion of the required band. For systems which will require 256 channels, finesse of over 250 is required. A Fabry-Perot filter with this kind of finesse would require very uniform and high reflectivity mirrors, and would be very susceptible to environmental effects such as temperature changes and vibration.
  • Figure 2a shows a 3-stage Lyot filter 200.
  • Lyot filters were invented in 1933, and are known for achieving a high degree of finesse.
  • the finesse of a Lyot filter increases as 2 N , where N is the number of filter stages. Lyot filters having finesse of over 250 are easily achievable.
  • the first polarizer 202 polarizes input light 210.
  • Stage 1 comprising delay block 204 and a polarizer 202, passes half of the channels, while discarding the other half. So, for example, the area above the line is passed, while the area below the line is absorbed by the polarizer.
  • Stage 2 comprising delay block 206 and a polarizer 202, does the same thing with the light it receives, passing half of those channels and discarding the other half.
  • Stage 3, comprising delay block 208 and a final polarizer 202, passes half of the channels it receives and discards the other half.
  • the output light is the light passed through all three stages.
  • the output bands are much narrower than the bands passed by the first stage, but are separated by as much as the centers of the bands passed by the first stage. Further stages make the output bands narrower.
  • Lyot filter has several significant downsides. First, it requires polarized light, so half of the light is lost up front. Second, there is no complementary output - the light removed at each stage is discarded at the polarizers 202. A 9 stage filter results in a loss of more than 4 dB. Thus, Lyot filters have primarily been used in solar studies, where plenty of light is available and high finesse is essential.
  • a tunable drop filter has an input port, a drop port, and an output port and includes means for providing an input signal consisting of channels to the input port, a plurality of filter stages connected to the input port, each filter stage operating to selectively transmit either even or odd channels and reflect either odd or even channels respectively, means for providing reflected channels as a pass signal at the output port, and means for providing a transmitted channel at the drop port.
  • Each filter stage could comprise a fiber Mach Zender interferometer having a selective delay for transmitting the selected channels and a mirror for reflecting channels not transmitted by the fiber Mach Zender interferometer.
  • the means for providing reflected channels as a pass signal at the output port and the means for providing an add signal at the add port such that the add signal follows the reverse path of the drop signal could comprise circulators.
  • each filter stage could include a delay applied to any reflected channels, each delay selected to synchronize the pass signal channels.
  • each stage could comprise a bulk optics Mach Zender interferometer having a selective delay for transmitting the selected channels and a mirror for reflecting channels not transmitted by the bulk optics Mach Zender interferometer.
  • each stage could comprise a selective delay block, a polarizing beam splitter adjacent to the delay block for transmitting the selected channels, and a mirror for reflecting channels not transmitted by the polarizing beam splitter.
  • a tunable add/drop filter has an input port, an output drop port, an input add port and an output pass + add port and includes means for providing an input signal consisting of channels to the input port, a plurality of filter stages connected to the input port, each filter stage operating to selectively transmit either even or odd channels and reflect either odd or even channels respectively, means for providing reflected channels as a pass signal at the output port, means for providing a transmitted channel at the drop port, means for providing an add signal at the add port such that the add signal follows the reverse path of the drop signal; and means for combining the add signal and the pass signal at the pass + add output port.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional optical add/drop filter system for use in fiber optic communications systems.
  • Figure 2 shows a Lyot filter
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of an improved tunable add/drop filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a first embodiment comprising a fiber implementation of a tunable add/drop filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a second embodiment comprising a bulk optics tunable add/drop filter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a third embodiment comprising an add/drop filter without circulators according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 shows a fourth embodiment of a tunable add/drop filter according to the present invention, configured to compensate for delays.
  • Figure 8 shows a fifth embodiment of of a tunable add/drop filter according to the present invention, comprising a modified Lyot filter.
  • FIG. 3 shows a high level block diagram of an improved tunable add/drop filter 300 according to the present invention.
  • Tunable add/drop filter 300 is a 4' port device.
  • Input signals comprising a plurality of optical signals at distinct wavelengths ⁇ -*, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , . . . , enter at network input 302.
  • the signal at one wavelength, for example ⁇ 2 which is to be selected for by filter 300, appears at drop output port 308.
  • a new signal ⁇ 2 ⁇ at wavelength ⁇ 2 may be inserted at add input port 304.
  • Output signals which appear at pass + add port 306 comprise signals ⁇ 1 ; ⁇ 2 ', ⁇ 3 , . . .
  • the pass signals are all of the signals not selected for by filter 300, i.e. ⁇ *, , ⁇ 3 , . . .
  • the add signal (if used) is ⁇ 2 '.
  • Filter 300 comprises a series of stages similar to the stages of the Lyot filter 200 shown in Figure 2 (Prior Art). Filter 300 has the high finesse of a Lyot filter 200, without its corresponding loss of light and lack of a complimentary output. The filter is precisely tuned using a cascade of low precision phase shifters, each of which need only be capable of, at most, a one wavelength shift with a precision of no better than
  • the free spectral range of the filter is determined freely by one stage of the filter, and the finesse increases as 2 N , where N is the number of stages.
  • N is the number of stages.
  • a moderate number of stages (8 or 9) are sufficient to cover the entire WDM band with high selectivity.
  • Figure 4 shows a first embodiment comprising a fiber implementation of a tunable add/drop filter 300a according to the present invention.
  • Add/drop filter 300a has the same combined input signal 302, pass + add signal 306, drop signal 308, and add input 304 as described with respect to Figure 3.
  • each stage 401 of filter 400 is a fiber Mach Zender interferometer, if fiber mirrors 410, 418, and 428 are removed.
  • filter 400 drops half of the channels at each stage and passes the other half.
  • the dropped channels appear at mirrors 410, 418, and 428.
  • the signals at 410, 418, and 428 would be outputs. But in the present invention, these signals are reflected back to form part of the pass signal 306.
  • input signal 302 comprises a plurality of optical signals at distinct wavelengths ⁇ x , ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 3 , . . . Circulator 402 provides this combined input signal to the network, and provides reflected signals as pass ⁇ add output 306.
  • Couplers 404, 408, 412, 416, 420, and 426 are a 50/50 coupler, meaning that each provides 50
  • Couplers are what divide the signal so that bands may be selected for.
  • input signal 302 encounters coupler 404, which divides the light between the upper branch and the lower branch of the first stage.
  • the signal in the upper branch passes through block 406, which applies a path difference, phase delay, of 4r (+/- ⁇ ) to the light, while the signal in the lower branch does not have a phase delay applied.
  • 50/50 coupler 408 sends half of the light on to 50/50 coupler 412 and half down into mirror 410.
  • the delay applied by block 406 is selected such that coupler 408 passes either the even bands it encounters or the odd bands. 4T+ ⁇ selects one set while 4T- ⁇ select the other set.
  • Coupler 412 divides the light into it between the upper branch and the lower branch of the second stage.
  • the signal in the upper branch passes through block 414, which applies a path difference of 2T (+/- ⁇ ) to the light, while the signal in the lower branch does not have a phase delay applied.
  • Coupler 416 sends half of the light on to coupler 420 and half down into mirror 418. The delay applied by block 414 is selected such that coupler 416 passes either the even bands it encounters or the odd bands.
  • coupler 420 divides the light into it between the upper branch and the lower branch of the third stage.
  • Coupler 426 sends half of the light on to circulator 430 and half down into mirror 428.
  • the delay applied by block 422 is selected such that coupler 426 passes either the even bands it encounters or the odd bands.
  • the stages would pass the bands as follows:
  • the other bands are reflected back by the fiber mirrors 410, 418, and 428.
  • the path difference applied by each stage changes by a factor of two, though this may be fine tuned to achieve certain objectives, such as flatter bandpass. Numerically optimizing the filter is one way to systematically achieve such objectives.
  • the phase 00 shifters 406, 414, 422 are normally capable of shifting the phase of the light passing through them by ⁇ ⁇ , where ⁇ is the approximate wavelength of the center of the filter FSR.
  • Add input 304 is routed by circulator 430 back to the network.
  • the simplest example is to assume that input 304 is also at ⁇ 6 call it ⁇ 6 '. Then the add input ⁇ 6 ' 05 passes back through the network the same way ⁇ 6 passed forward.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment comprising a bulk optics tunable add/drop filter 500 according to the present invention.
  • each stage 501 is a Mach Zender interferometer, if 512 and 526 are ignored.
  • Mirrors 512 and 526 act to reflect the passed channels back to join the pass + add output 306.
  • circulators as 1 0 shown in Figure 3 are required at each end of filter 500 to enable the adding and dropping of channels.
  • Stage 1 comprises beam splitters 502 and 510, prism mirrors 506 and 508, mirror 512, and delay block 504, which adds a delay of 4r.
  • light at beam splitter 510 either cancels out, and therefore reflects back to pass + add output 306, or combines to continue to stage 2.
  • Stage 2 comprises beam splitters 514 and 524, prism mirrors 520 and 522, mirror 526, and delay block 518, which adds a delay of 2r.
  • light at beam splitter 524 either cancels out, and therefore reflects back to pass + add output 306, or combines to continue to drop output 308.
  • Add input 304 travels back through filter 500 the same way the drop output travelled forward.
  • Figure 6 shows a third embodiment comprising an add/drop filter 600 without circulators according to the present invention.
  • Filter 600 operates in a similar manner to filter 400 of Figure 4, and thus similar reference numbers are used to indicate similar elements.
  • each stage 601 instead of having a mirror to reflect passed channels back has a return stage 603 to send the pass channel along a separate path.
  • Return stage 1 comprises couplers 632 and 636 and adjustable delay 634.
  • Return stage 2 comprises couplers 630 and 626 and adjustable delay 628.
  • Return stage 3 comprises couplers 620 and 624 and adjustable delay 622. Preferably delays 604 and 634 are controlled together, as are each delay in the other stages.
  • Add input 304 enters return stage 3, and pass + add output 306 comes out of return stage 1.
  • Figure 7 shows a fourth embodiment of a tunable add/drop filter 700 according to the present invention, configured to compensate for delays. Again, its stages 701 and operation are similar to filter 400, so similar reference numbers are used for similar elements. The difference appears in the fiber mirrors 702 and 706. Each includes a variable delay element, which is used to ensure that returned pass + add signals arrive at the same time. In other words, the delays synchronize the bands. Delay 704 is the longest.
  • FIG 8 shows a fifth embodiment of a tunable add/drop filter 800 according to the present invention, comprising a modified Lyot filter.
  • the stages 801 comprise Lyot filters, as shown in Figure 2a, replacing the polarizers with polarizing beam splitters 802, and adding mirrors 803 facing the perpendicular output of the polarizing beam splitters in order to reflect the light back into the filter. Only input signal 810 and drop signal 812 are shown here. Note that circulators such as those shown in Figure 4, or other elements such as the return stages of Figure 6, are required to enable the input, add, drop, and pass + add ports.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

Filtre d'insertion-extraction précis pouvant être accordé, présentant une perte basse (300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800), conçu pour être mis en application dans des systèmes de communication à fibre optique et utilisant un système en cascade d'étages de type Mach Zender (401, 501, 601, 701, 801), ainsi que des éléments réfléchissants (410, 418, 420, 512, 526, 603, 602, 606, 702, 706, 803) afin de retourner des voies de transmission autorisées au port de transmission de sortie et d'insertion (306), tandis que le signal ou les signaux émis apparaisse(nt) au niveau du port d'extraction (308). Le signal d'insertion éventuel (304) suit le trajet inverse du signal d'extraction et est ajouté au signal de transmission.
PCT/US2001/042201 2000-09-18 2001-09-18 Filtre d'insertion-extraction pouvant etre accorde WO2002023245A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001289216A AU2001289216A1 (en) 2000-09-18 2001-09-18 Tunable add/drop filter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23345100P 2000-09-18 2000-09-18
US60/233,451 2000-09-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002023245A2 true WO2002023245A2 (fr) 2002-03-21
WO2002023245A3 WO2002023245A3 (fr) 2002-10-31

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5363228A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-11-08 General Electric Company Optical device with spatial light modulators for switching arbitrarily polarized light
WO1998004954A1 (fr) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-05 Italtel S.P.A. Dispositif optique ajustable d'insertion/extraction
EP0903616A2 (fr) * 1997-09-23 1999-03-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. Filtre optique commutable

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5363228A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-11-08 General Electric Company Optical device with spatial light modulators for switching arbitrarily polarized light
WO1998004954A1 (fr) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-05 Italtel S.P.A. Dispositif optique ajustable d'insertion/extraction
EP0903616A2 (fr) * 1997-09-23 1999-03-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. Filtre optique commutable

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KUNETSOV M: "CASCADED COUPLER MACH-ZEHNDER CHANNEL DROPPING FILTERS FOR WAVELENGHT-DIVISION-MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL SYSTEMS" JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, IEEE. NEW YORK, US, vol. 12, no. 2, 1 February 1994 (1994-02-01), pages 226-230, XP000676152 ISSN: 0733-8724 *

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WO2002023245A3 (fr) 2002-10-31
AU2001289216A1 (en) 2002-03-26

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