WO2002020627A1 - Vinylamine compounds - Google Patents

Vinylamine compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002020627A1
WO2002020627A1 PCT/EP2001/010031 EP0110031W WO0220627A1 WO 2002020627 A1 WO2002020627 A1 WO 2002020627A1 EP 0110031 W EP0110031 W EP 0110031W WO 0220627 A1 WO0220627 A1 WO 0220627A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
general formula
hydrogen
alkyl
copolymers
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/010031
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lars Wittkowski
Jan Nouwen
Hans-Henning Vogel
Ansgar Eisenbeis
Original Assignee
Basf Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication date
Application filed by Basf Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Basf Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to KR10-2003-7003309A priority Critical patent/KR20030029927A/en
Priority to CA002421439A priority patent/CA2421439A1/en
Priority to JP2002525246A priority patent/JP2004508436A/en
Priority to AU2001285917A priority patent/AU2001285917A1/en
Priority to EP01965237A priority patent/EP1373330A1/en
Publication of WO2002020627A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002020627A1/en
Priority to NO20031040A priority patent/NO20031040L/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/30Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
    • C08F8/32Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds, in particular copolymers, which contain basic vinylamine units.
  • the invention further relates to a process for the production of such compounds or copolymers, their use as auxiliaries in mineral oils, mineral oil distillates, fuels and fuels and other areas, concentrates containing them and fuel and fuel compositions.
  • Vinylamine polymers can only be obtained indirectly via polymer-analogous reactions, since the base monomer, the vinylamine, cannot be isolated.
  • Vinylamine polymers are, for example, by hydrolysis of poly- ⁇ -vinyl amides such as poly- ⁇ -vinyl formamide, poly- ⁇ -vinyl acetamide, poly- ⁇ -vinyl imides such as poly- ⁇ -vinyl succinimide or poly- ⁇ -vinyl phthalimide and by Hofmann's degradation of polyacrylamide Exposure to basic hypochlorite.
  • These synthetic routes start from monomers which are difficult to obtain or expensive and have complicated reaction or workup steps. So far, they have only been used in a few special applications, such as flocculants and retention aids.
  • Middle distillates such as gas oils, diesel oils or heating oils, which are obtained from petroleum by distillation and from the further processing stages of the refineries, have different proportions of n-paraffins depending on the origin of the crude oil, which can crystallize on cooling , This point is called the cloud point or cloud point (CP).
  • CP cloud point
  • MD middle distillate
  • pour point or pour point Due to the unusual paraffins in the temperature range between cloud point and pour point, the fluidity, especially of fuels, is significantly impaired. The paraffins clog filters and cause an uneven or completely interrupted fuel supply to the engine in the case of fuels. Similar problems occur with heating oils.
  • copolymers derived from ethylene and vinyl acetate have been described in many cases, see, for example, DE-A-196 24 861.
  • the copolymers described also contain (meth) acrylate basic building blocks which are derived from optionally alkoxylated amino alcohols derived.
  • EP-A-0 964 052 relates to the use of nitrogen-containing ethylene copolymers for the production of fuel oils with an improved scanning effect.
  • the copolymers also contain structural units which are derived from ethylenically unsaturated compounds which have at least one aromatically or aliphatically bound nitrogen atom.
  • alkylamino (meth) acrylates, alkyl (meth) acrylamides, vinylamides, aminoalkyl vinyl ethers, allylamines and heterocycles bearing a vinyl group are listed.
  • terpolymers are used which are derived from ethylene, vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • the nitrogen-containing vinyl comonomers sometimes have a complicated structure and are generally not easy and can be prepared from inexpensive raw materials.
  • EP-A-0 405 270 relates to a process for improving the flowability of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates by adding a mixture of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an ethylene-vinyl acetate-N-
  • WO 96/18706 relates to fuel and fuel compositions with a low sulfur content, the flowability of which is increased by the addition of nitrogen-containing compounds.
  • amine salts or amides are used which are obtained by reacting hydrocarbon-substituted amines with alkanoic acids.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of compounds which contain structural elements derived from vinylamine, the introduction of the amine group being said to be inexpensive and inexpensive to introduce.
  • copolymers are to be provided which have a number of advantageous properties as auxiliaries in mineral oil, mineral oil distillates, fuels and fuels.
  • R, ⁇ , R independently of one another hydrogen, C ⁇ - o-alkyl, C 6 - ⁇ 8 aryl, C _ o-alkaryl, C _ o-aralkyl or polyamine residue
  • R 3 hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 2 o-alkyl, C 6 . 18 aryl, C 7 . o-alkaryl, C 7 . 20 aralkyl
  • the compounds containing structures of the general formula (I) or (II) can be low molecular weight, oligomeric or polymeric structures. Correspondingly, they can have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more of the structures of the formulas (I) or (II).
  • the compounds having the structures of the formula (I) preferably have a total of 4 to 100,000 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 10 to 10,000 carbon atoms, in particular 10 to 1000 carbon atoms, provided that they are low-molecular or oligomeric compounds.
  • the compounds are particularly preferably polymers which contain vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I) in the main chain.
  • the polymers contain 1 or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more of the basic building blocks of the general formula (I).
  • the compounds are preferably polymers which contain one or more vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I) in the main chain and are obtained by reductive amination of polymers which contain one or more vinyl ester basic units of the general formula (II) in the main chain.
  • the polymers to be aminated are particularly preferred which contain C - C 1 -olefin basic building blocks and vinyl esters of C 1 2 monocarboxylic acids as basic building blocks.
  • copolymers to be aminated are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • R and R are, independently of one another, preferably hydrogen or C ⁇ _ ⁇ 2 alkyl, particularly preferably hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl, especially hydrogen.
  • Ammonia is particularly preferably used as the compound of the general formula (III).
  • R 3 is preferably hydrogen or -CC 2 alkyl, particularly preferably -C-alkyl, in particular methyl. These are, in particular, vinyl acetate building blocks.
  • Particularly preferred compounds which have the structures of the general formula (I) or (II) are polymers with a molecular weight (number average) of 100 to 10,000,000, particularly preferably 500 to 100,000.
  • the reductive amination according to the invention can be carried out analogously to known processes for the reductive amination of e.g. Aldehydes, ketones or esters and
  • Alcohols are carried out. It is preferably carried out using suitable catalysts. Suitable catalysts are known and described for example in the older, not prepublished DE-A-199 10 960.
  • Catalysts customary for reductive amination are, for example, those based on Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mg, Zn or a combination thereof.
  • Typical reaction conditions are temperatures from 50 to 300 ° C and pressures up to about 600 bar.
  • a preferred catalyst contains as a catalytically active mass before the reduction with hydrogen
  • a particularly preferred catalyst has the composition 51% by weight NiO, 17% by weight CuO, 30.5% by weight ZrO 2 and 1.5% by weight MoO 3 .
  • the catalyst is preferably composed only of catalytically active composition and, if appropriate, a shaping aid such as graphite or stearic acid.
  • the catalyst can be used in any suitable form, for example as tablets, balls, rings, extrudates.
  • the catalytically active composition may optionally also contain one or more elements or their inorganic or organic compounds selected from Groups IA to IVA and IB to VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
  • catalysts which, after the last heat treatment and before the reduction with hydrogen, contain less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, in particular less than 5% by weight, very particularly less than 1% by weight.
  • % Cobalt calculated as CoO.
  • the catalytically active composition very particularly preferably does not contain any catalytically active amounts of cobalt or its compounds.
  • the catalysts can be prepared by various processes, for example by peptizing powdery mixtures of the hydroxides, carbonates, oxides and / or other salts of the components with water and then extruding and tempering the mass obtained in this way. In general, however, known precipitation methods are used to prepare the catalysts.
  • the individual components can be precipitated individually or together as mixed precipitation.
  • the precipitation products are generally dried at 80 to 200 ° C., preferably at 100 to 150 ° C. and then calcined at 300 to 800 ° C., preferably 400 to 600 ° C., in particular 450 to 500 ° C.
  • the amines of the general formula (III) can be used in stoichiometric amounts, based on the ester groups to be reacted. However, an excess of the amines is preferably used, for example a more than 5-molar excess. Ammonia in particular is generally used in a 5 to 250 times, preferably 10 to 100 times, in particular 25 to 80 times, molar excess.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise or continuously, the catalyst preferably being arranged as a fixed bed in the reactor is.
  • the reaction can be carried out in the liquid phase or in the gas phase.
  • the reaction is usually carried out at temperatures from 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C., particularly preferably 80 to 230 ° C., in particular 100 to 220 ° C.
  • reaction is carried out at a pressure of 1 to 400 bar, preferably 10 to 250 bar, in particular 20 to 200 bar.
  • the hydrogen is generally fed in the reaction in an amount of 5 to 400 NI, preferably 50 to 250 NI per mole of ester component to be reacted.
  • the reaction can be carried out without an additional solvent.
  • a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions for example in tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, mihagol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or cyclohexane and hexane or generally aliphatic or aromatic solvents.
  • the invention also relates to the copolymers produced by the process according to the invention, particularly preferably a copolymer containing polymerized vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I)
  • R 1 , R 2 independently of one another hydrogen, ⁇ o-alkyl, C 6 - ⁇ 8 aryl, C 7 . 20 alkaryl, C 7 . 2 o-aralkyl or polyamine radical,
  • R 5 as R or - OC (O) -R 6 ,
  • R 6 is hydrogen, C 20 alkyl, C 6 8 aryl, C 7 . 20 alkaryl, C 7 - 2 o-aralkyl, which may be optionally substituted by
  • D R9 independently of one another hydrogen or C ⁇ -alkyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 have the preferred meaning given above.
  • R 6 has the preferred meaning given above for R 3 .
  • R 4 are preferably hydrogen or methyl, in particular methyl.
  • R 5 preferably has the meaning R 6 or -OC (O) -R 6 . If the radical R 5 is the radical R 6 , then R 6 preferably has the meaning hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ -alkyl, phenyl or C 7 - ⁇ o-alkaryl, R 6 is particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl.
  • the copolymer particularly preferably contains basic units of the general formula (IVa) -CH 2 -CR 4 (-OC (O) -R 6 ) - (IVa)
  • R 5 is hydrogen, C ⁇ o-alkyl, C 6-18 aryl.
  • copolymers have both the basic building blocks of the general formulas (I), (IVa) and (IVb).
  • Such copolymers can also contain up to 20% by weight, based on the total copolymer, of further basic units, particularly preferably they are composed essentially or only from the basic units of the general formulas (I), (IVa) and (IVb). It is particularly preferred to use ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine terpolymers.
  • the copolymers or terpolymers preferably have a molecular weight (number average) of 100 to 10,000,000, particularly preferably 500 to 100,000.
  • copolymers according to the invention can be prepared by any suitable method.
  • the copolymers are particularly preferably prepared by radical copolymerization of vinyl esters of the general formula (V)
  • H 2 C CH (OC (O) -R 3 ) (V)
  • R 3 hydrogen, C 6 _ ⁇ 8 aryl, C 7 . 2 o-alkaryl, C. 2 o-aralkyl,
  • H 2 C CR 4 R 5 (VI) with the meaning given for R and R 5 and optionally further vinylic comonomers to form a copolymer and subsequent reductive amination by the above process.
  • the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are produced, for example, by radical polymerization using the high-pressure mass process, optionally in stirred autoclaves, tubular reactors or segmented tubular reactors. Such processes are described, for example, in DE-A-197 54 039, DE-A-197 19 689 and M. Russisch, Petroleum and Coal-Natural Gas-Petrochemicals combined with Fuel Chemistry, 42 (4) 1989.
  • copolymers according to the invention can be used in a large number of applications. Preference is given to use as auxiliaries in mineral oils, mineral oil distillates and fuels, in chromatography, as an ion exchanger, in dispersions, as an emulsifier, in paper production (Wochenbl. Textilfabr.
  • the copolymers are suitable for optimizing retention and drainage as well as for fixing anionic substances in papermaking (retention, drainage, flocculation and fixing agents). In addition, the polymers achieve an improvement in dry and wet paper strength (see also Klibl. Textilfabr. (1999), 127 (8), 511-518). (2) The copolymers are suitable for dye (substance) removal from waste water from paper manufacture (according to US Pat. No. 5,476,594).
  • the polymers are suitable as water-soluble or water-swellable, cationic polyelectrolyte for aqueous adhesive dispersions for the production of multi-layer paper or paper materials (according to DE 198 29 757).
  • copolymers are suitable for modifying cleaned or chemically pretreated metal surfaces, which are then particularly suitable for electrocoating (in accordance with EP 0 672 467).
  • copolymers are suitable as dye transfer inhibitors for detergents (according to DE 441 3 720).
  • the copolymers are suitable as a starting substance for the preparation of polymers containing carbamate units. These polymers are suitable as retention aids, drainage aids and flocculants and as a fixing agent in the production of paper, as a protective colloid for the production of aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions and as
  • Dispersant for the production of aqueous filler slurries (according to WO 98/35999).
  • copolymers are suitable for equipping and producing viscose products with cationic polymers (according to WO 99/36604).
  • the copolymers are suitable as water-soluble amine-based polymer components in multilayer membranes for separating acid gases from gaseous mixtures (according to DE 196 00 954).
  • the copolymers are suitable for the production of aqueous and organic dispersions, emulsions or solutions of amine-based polymers.
  • the amine-based polymers, dispersions, emulsions or solutions are particularly suitable for coating and hydrophobicizing surfaces (lacquered surfaces, Packing coating, impregnation of building materials, chipboard, stone, metal, textiles, plastics, leather, wood, paper), for equipping various materials (stone, metal, textiles, plastics, leather, wood, paper), as a process chemical in the textile industry, as an additive in Printing inks and varnishes, as well as mold release agents.
  • the copolymers are suitable as an effective corrosion inhibitor in coolant mixtures.
  • copolymers are particularly preferably used as flow improvers, wax-anti-settling additives, lubricity improvers, frictional wear reducers, corrosion inhibitors and / or internal combustion engine inlet system cleaners in mineral oils, mineral oil distillates and fuels.
  • the copolymers according to the invention are preferably used in fuel and fuel compositions, in particular in middle distillates such as diesel fuels and light heating oils. They can be used together with other common additives.
  • the copolymers according to the invention can be incorporated directly into the mineral oils, mineral oil distillates and fuels, in particular a middle distillate, but preferably as 20 to 70% by weight solutions.
  • Hydrocarbon solvents are preferably used as solvents. Suitable solvents are described for example in DE-A-196 24 861 and DE-A-43 41 528.
  • the copolymers of the invention can be dissolved in a large amount in a hydrocarbon solvent.
  • the solutions preferably contain 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 70% by weight, in particular 40 to 60% by weight, of one or more copolymers according to the invention, alone or together with other auxiliaries, for. B. according to the aforementioned fields of application.
  • the invention also relates to such concentrates or mixtures.
  • the concentrates can be used, for example, for the production of fuel and fuel compositions, see DE-A-196 24 861.
  • the invention also relates to fuel and fuel compositions which contain 5 to 5000 ppm by weight, preferably 10 to 500 ppm by weight, of the copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition, alone or together with other auxiliaries.
  • the suspension obtained was filtered and the filter cake was washed with deionized water until the electrical conductivity of the filtrate was about 20 mS. Then 1.5% MoO 3 was stirred in as an aqueous solution of ammonium heptamolybdate.
  • the filter cake was then dried at a temperature of 150 ° C. in a drying cabinet or in a spray dryer.
  • the hydroxide / carbonate mixture obtained in this way was then heated at a temperature of 500 ° C. over a period of 4 h.
  • the catalyst thus obtained had the following composition:
  • an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer was made which was composed of 70.3% by weight of ethylene and 29.7% by weight of vinyl acetate.
  • the melt viscosity at 120 ° C was 65 mm 2 / s.
  • the preparation was carried out as described in DE-A-197 54 039.
  • 75 g of this copolymer was mixed with 75 g of cyclohexane as a solvent and mixed with 850 g of liquid ammonia in an autoclave. Then they were heated at 200 bar hydrogen pressure in the presence of 50 g of the catalyst described above at 200 ° C for 16 h. The mixture was then cooled, let down, and the contents of the autoclave were removed. After filtering off the catalyst and separating off the cyclohexane, 80 g of a liquid, colorless product were obtained.
  • the content of ethylene, vinyl acetate and vinylamine was determined by NMR spectroscopy.
  • the terpolymer contained 75.6% by weight of ethylene, 14.7% by weight of vinyl acetate and 9.7% by weight of vinylamine polymerized.
  • test oils had the following characteristics. Table l:
  • the polymers according to the invention were introduced into the test oils and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP value) was determined in accordance with EN116.
  • the cloud point (CP) was also determined in accordance with ISO 3015.
  • the CFPP is listed in Table 2 below.
  • the lubricating effect of the ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine Te ⁇ olymer (II) described was determined in test oil 5 according to DIN ISO 121546-1 (HFRR measurement). The results in Table 3 are given as wear scar diameters (WS 1.4). A low wear scar shows a good lubricating effect.
  • a commercially available lubricity improver product Kerokorr® LA 99 (K) was used.
  • paraffin sedimentation (wax anti-settling) in test oil 3 was determined by an ARAL method, see Table 4. 500 ml of the diesel fuel were stored at -13 ° C for 16 hours. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (C) described and the inventive vinyl acetate-vinylamine copolymer (T) were tested as additives. The quality of the influencing of paraffin sedimentation (wax anti-settling) is carried out by visual assessment:
  • Substances are effective as wax-antisettling additives, which lead to the results case (A) and case (B) in the experiment.
  • the lower 20% determine the cloud point (CP) and the CFPP.
  • Table 4 shows that the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer used for the production of the ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine Te ⁇ olymer has no effect on the paraffin sedimentation. Adding the ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine Te ⁇ olymer to the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a positive influence on the paraffin sedimentation.

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of compounds containing one or several groups of general formula (I) -CH2-CH(NR1R2)- with R1 = R2, or independently = H, C¿1-20? alkyl, C6-18 aryl, C7-20 alkaryl, C7-20 aralkyl or a polyamino group, by reductive amination of compounds, containing one or several groups of general formula (II), -CH2-CH(O-C(O)-R?3¿)- with R3 = H, C¿1-20? alkyl, C6-18 aryl, C7-20 alkaryl, or C7-20 aralkyl with amines of general formula (III), HNR?1R2¿ and hydrogen.

Description

Ninylamin-Nerbindungen Ninylamin-Nerbindungen
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Verbindungen, insbesondere Copolymere, die Ninylamin-Grundbausteine enthalten. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Nerfahren zur Herstellung derartige Verbindungen oder Copolymere, ihre Verwendung als Hilfsstoffe in Mineralölen, Mineralöldestillaten, Brenn- und Treibstoffen und anderen Bereichen, diese enthaltende Konzentrate und Brenn- und Treibstoffzusammensetzungen.The present invention relates to compounds, in particular copolymers, which contain basic vinylamine units. The invention further relates to a process for the production of such compounds or copolymers, their use as auxiliaries in mineral oils, mineral oil distillates, fuels and fuels and other areas, concentrates containing them and fuel and fuel compositions.
Vinylamin-Polymere können nur indirekt über Polymer-analoge Reaktionen erhalten werden, da das Basismonomer, das Vinylamin, nicht isolierbar ist. Vinylamin-Polymere werden beispielsweise durch Hydrolyse von Poly-Ν- vinylamiden wie Poly-Ν-vinylformamid, Poly-Ν-vinylacetamid, Poly-Ν- vinylimiden wie Poly-Ν-vinylsuccinimid oder Poly-Ν-vinylphthalimid sowie durch Hofmannschen Abbau von Polyacrylamid bei Einwirkung von basischem Hypochlorit hergestellt. Diese Synthesewege gehen von schwer erhältlichen oder kostspieligen Monomeren aus und weisen komplizierte Umsetzungs- oder Aufarbeitungsschritte auf. Sie werden bislang nur in wenigen Spezialanwendungen, etwa als Flockungsmittel und Retentionshilfen, eingesetzt.Vinylamine polymers can only be obtained indirectly via polymer-analogous reactions, since the base monomer, the vinylamine, cannot be isolated. Vinylamine polymers are, for example, by hydrolysis of poly-Ν-vinyl amides such as poly-Ν-vinyl formamide, poly-Ν-vinyl acetamide, poly-Ν-vinyl imides such as poly-Ν-vinyl succinimide or poly-Ν-vinyl phthalimide and by Hofmann's degradation of polyacrylamide Exposure to basic hypochlorite. These synthetic routes start from monomers which are difficult to obtain or expensive and have complicated reaction or workup steps. So far, they have only been used in a few special applications, such as flocculants and retention aids.
Mineral- bzw. Erdöldestillate, insbesondere Mitteldestillate, wie Gasöle, Dieselöle oder Heizöle, die durch Destillation und aus den weiteren Verarbeitungsstufen der Raffinerien aus Erdölen gewonnen werden, weisen je nach Herkunft des Rohöls unterschiedliche Anteile an n-Paraffinen auf, die beim Abkühlen kristallisieren können. Dieser Punkt wird als Trübungspunkt oder Cloud Point (CP) bezeichnet. Bei weiterer Abkühlung bilden die plättchenformigen Parafßnkristalle eine Art Kartenhausstruktur, so daß ein Mitteldestillat (MD) stockt, obwohl der überwiegende Teil noch flüssig ist. Dieser Punkt wird als Stockpunkt bzw. Pourpoint oder Pourpunkt bezeichnet. Durch die ausgefallenen Paraffine im Temperaturbereich zwischen Trübungs- und Stockpunkt wird die Fließfahigkeit, insbesondere von Kraftstoffen, erheblich beeinträchtigt. Die Paraffine verstopfen Filter und verursachen bei Kraftstoffen eine ungleichmäßige oder völlig unterbrochene KraftstoffVersorgung zum Motor. Ahnliche Störungen treten bei Heizölen auf.Mineral or petroleum distillates, especially middle distillates such as gas oils, diesel oils or heating oils, which are obtained from petroleum by distillation and from the further processing stages of the refineries, have different proportions of n-paraffins depending on the origin of the crude oil, which can crystallize on cooling , This point is called the cloud point or cloud point (CP). Upon further cooling, the platelet-shaped paraffin crystals form a kind of card house structure, so that a middle distillate (MD) stops, although the majority is still liquid. This point is called pour point or Pour point or pour point. Due to the unusual paraffins in the temperature range between cloud point and pour point, the fluidity, especially of fuels, is significantly impaired. The paraffins clog filters and cause an uneven or completely interrupted fuel supply to the engine in the case of fuels. Similar problems occur with heating oils.
Es ist bekannt, daß durch geeignete Zusätze zum Erdöldestillat das Kristallwachstum der Paraffine in Mitteldestillaten und Kerosin-Mitteldestillat- Mischungen modifiziert werden kann. Gut wirksame Additive verhindern, daß Paraffine in Mitteldestillaten derartige kartenhausähnliche Strukturen ausbilden und die Mitteldestillate bei Temperaturen von wenigen °C unterhalb der Temperatur, bei der die ersten Kristalle ausfallen, bereits fest werden. Sie wirken damit als Fließverbesserer. Die Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften von Mitteldestillaten wird dabei häufig als Erniedrigung des „Cold Filter Plugging , Point (CFPP)" bestimmt, beispielsweise nach DIN EN 116. Andererseits bewirken diese Additive die Ausbildung feiner, gut kristallisierter, separater Paraffinkristalle, welche sich nicht absetzen und welche die Filter passieren können, so daß ein störungsfreier Kraftstofftransport sichergestellt ist. Hier wirken sie als Wax-Anti-Settling-Additive (WASA).It is known that the crystal growth of the paraffins in middle distillates and kerosene-middle distillate mixtures can be modified by suitable additives to the petroleum distillate. Well-effective additives prevent paraffins in middle distillates from forming such a house-like structure and the middle distillates already solid at temperatures of a few ° C. below the temperature at which the first crystals precipitate. They act as a flow improver. The improvement in the flow properties of middle distillates is often determined as a reduction in the "Cold Filter Plugging, Point (CFPP)", for example according to DIN EN 116. On the other hand, these additives cause the formation of fine, well-crystallized, separate wax crystals, which do not settle and which the filters can pass through to ensure trouble-free fuel transport, where they act as wax anti-settling additives (WASA).
Als Fließverbesserer für Erdöl-Mitteldestillate sind vielfach Copolymere, die von Ethylen und Vinylacetat abgeleitet sind, beschrieben, siehe beispielsweise DE-A- 196 24 861. Die beschriebenen Copolymere enthalten ferner (Meth)acrylat- Grundbausteine, die sich von, gegebenenfalls alkoxylierten, Aminoalkoholen ableiten.As flow improvers for petroleum middle distillates, copolymers derived from ethylene and vinyl acetate have been described in many cases, see, for example, DE-A-196 24 861. The copolymers described also contain (meth) acrylate basic building blocks which are derived from optionally alkoxylated amino alcohols derived.
EP-A-0 964 052 betrifft die Verwendung von stickstoffhaltigen Ethylencopoly- meren zur Herstellung von Brennstoffölen mit verbesserter Sc- nierwirkung. Die Copolymere enthalten neben Struktureinheiten, die sich vom Ethylen ableiten, auch solche Struktureinheiten, die sich von ethylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen ableiten, die mindestens ein aromatisch oder aliphatisch gebundenes Stickstoffatom aufweisen. Als derartige Comonomere werden Alkylamino(meth)acrylate, Alkyl(meth)acrylamide, Vinylamide, Aminoalkyl- vinylether, Allylamine und eine Vinylgruppe tragende Heterocyclen aufgeführt. Insbesondere werden Terpolymere eingesetzt, die sich von Ethylen, Vinylacetat und l-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon, N-Vinyl-N-methylacetamid oder Dimethylaminoethyl- methacrylat ableiten.EP-A-0 964 052 relates to the use of nitrogen-containing ethylene copolymers for the production of fuel oils with an improved scanning effect. In addition to structural units which are derived from ethylene, the copolymers also contain structural units which are derived from ethylenically unsaturated compounds which have at least one aromatically or aliphatically bound nitrogen atom. As such comonomers, alkylamino (meth) acrylates, alkyl (meth) acrylamides, vinylamides, aminoalkyl vinyl ethers, allylamines and heterocycles bearing a vinyl group are listed. In particular, terpolymers are used which are derived from ethylene, vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Die stickstoffhaltigen vinylischen Comonomere weisen teilweise eine komplizierte Struktur auf und sind in der Regel nicht einfach und aus kostengünstigen Rohstoffen darstellbar.The nitrogen-containing vinyl comonomers sometimes have a complicated structure and are generally not easy and can be prepared from inexpensive raw materials.
EP-A-0 405 270 betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Fließfahigkeit von Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten durch Zusatz einer Mischung aus einem Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Copolymer und einem Ethylen- Vinylacetat-N-EP-A-0 405 270 relates to a process for improving the flowability of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates by adding a mixture of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an ethylene-vinyl acetate-N-
Vinylpyrrolidon-Te olymer.Vinyl pyrrolidone te olymer.
WO 96/18706 betrifft Brenn- und Treibstoffzusammensetzungen mit niedrigem Schwefelgehalt, deren Fließfahigkeit durch Zusatz von stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen erhöht wird. Insbesondere werden Aminsalze oder Amide eingesetzt, die durch Umsetzung von kohlenwasserstoff-substituierten Aminen mit Alkansäuren erhalten werden.WO 96/18706 relates to fuel and fuel compositions with a low sulfur content, the flowability of which is increased by the addition of nitrogen-containing compounds. In particular, amine salts or amides are used which are obtained by reacting hydrocarbon-substituted amines with alkanoic acids.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Verbindungen, die von Vinylamin abgeleitete Strukturelemente enthalten, wobei die Einführung der Amingruppe unaufwendig und kostengünstig durchführbar sein soll.The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of compounds which contain structural elements derived from vinylamine, the introduction of the amine group being said to be inexpensive and inexpensive to introduce.
Zudem sollen Copolymere bereitgestellt werden, die als Hilfsstoffe in Mineralöl, Mineralöldestillaten, Brenn- und Treibstoffen eine Reihe vorteilhafter Eigenschaften aufweisen.In addition, copolymers are to be provided which have a number of advantageous properties as auxiliaries in mineral oil, mineral oil distillates, fuels and fuels.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere Gruppen der allgemeinen Formel (I) enthaltenThe object is achieved according to the invention by a process for the preparation of compounds which contain one or more groups of the general formula (I)
-CH^CHCN^R2)- (I)-CH ^ CHCN ^ R 2 ) - (I)
mit R ,ι , R unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, Cι- o-Alkyl, C68-Aryl, C _ o-Alkaryl, C _ o-Aralkyl oder Polyaminrestwith R, ι, R independently of one another hydrogen, Cι- o-alkyl, C 68 aryl, C _ o-alkaryl, C _ o-aralkyl or polyamine residue
durch reduktive Aminierung von Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere Gruppen der allgemeinen Formel (II) enthalten,by reductive amination of compounds which contain one or more groups of the general formula (II),
-CH2-CH(O-C(O)-R3)- (II)-CH 2 -CH (OC (O) -R 3 ) - (II)
mit R3 Wasserstoff, Cι_2o-Alkyl, C6.18-Aryl, C7. o-Alkaryl, C7.20-Aralkylwith R 3 hydrogen, Cι_ 2 o-alkyl, C 6 . 18 aryl, C 7 . o-alkaryl, C 7 . 20 aralkyl
mit Aminen der allgemeinen Formel (III)with amines of the general formula (III)
HNR^2 (III)HNR ^ 2 (III)
und Wasserstoff.and hydrogen.
Es wurde erfindungsgemäß gefunden, daß von Vinylestern abgeleitete Strukturelemente in chemischen Verbindungen, beispielsweise Polymeren, durch reduktive Aminierung mit Aminen und Wasserstoff in von Vinylamiri abgeleitete Strukturen überfuhrt werden können.It has been found according to the invention that structural elements derived from vinyl esters in chemical compounds, for example polymers, can be converted into structures derived from vinylamiri by reductive amination with amines and hydrogen.
Die Verbindungen, die Strukturen der allgemeinen Formel (I) bzw. (II) enthalten, können niedermolekulare, oligomere oder polymere Strukturen sein. Sie können entsprechend 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 oder mehr der Strukturen der Formeln (I) bzw. (II) aufweisen. Vorzugsweise weisen die Verbindungen mit den Strukturen der Formel (I) insgesamt 4 bis 100 000 Kohlenstoffatome, besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 10 000 Kohlenstoffatome, insbesondere 10 bis 1000 Kohlenstoffatome auf, sofern es sich um niedermolekulare oder oligomere Verbindungen handelt.The compounds containing structures of the general formula (I) or (II) can be low molecular weight, oligomeric or polymeric structures. Correspondingly, they can have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more of the structures of the formulas (I) or (II). The compounds having the structures of the formula (I) preferably have a total of 4 to 100,000 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 10 to 10,000 carbon atoms, in particular 10 to 1000 carbon atoms, provided that they are low-molecular or oligomeric compounds.
Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei den Verbindungen um Polymere, die Vinylamin-Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (I) in der Hauptkette enthalten. Die Polymere enthalten dabei 1 oder 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 oder mehr der Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (I).The compounds are particularly preferably polymers which contain vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I) in the main chain. The polymers contain 1 or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more of the basic building blocks of the general formula (I).
Sie können dabei vollständig aus Grundbausteinen der allgemeinen Formel (I) aufgebaut sein. In diesem Fall handelt es sich um Homopolymere. Häufig handelt es sich um Copolymere, die neben den Stmkturen der allgemeinen Formel (I) nicht umgesetzte Strukturen der allgemeinen Formel (II) aufweisen. Ferner können weitere Grundbausteine vorliegen, wie sie nachstehend beschrieben sind.They can be constructed entirely from basic building blocks of the general formula (I). In this case they are homopolymers. Often acts it is copolymers which, in addition to the structures of the general formula (I), have unreacted structures of the general formula (II). Furthermore, there may be other basic building blocks as described below.
Vorzugsweise sind die Verbindungen Polymere, die eine oder mehrere Vinylamin-Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (I) in der Hauptkette enthalten und durch reduktive Aminierung von Polymeren erhalten werden, die eine oder mehrere Vinylester-Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (II) in der Hauptkette enthalten.The compounds are preferably polymers which contain one or more vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I) in the main chain and are obtained by reductive amination of polymers which contain one or more vinyl ester basic units of the general formula (II) in the main chain.
Besonders bevorzugt sind die zu aminierenden Polymere Copolymere, die C - C1 -Olefin-Grundbausteine und Vinylester von Cι_ι2-Monocarbonsäuren als Grundbausteine enthalten.The polymers to be aminated are particularly preferred which contain C - C 1 -olefin basic building blocks and vinyl esters of C 1 2 monocarboxylic acids as basic building blocks.
Insbesondere sind die zu aminierenden Copolymere Ethylen- Vinylacetat- Copolymere.In particular, the copolymers to be aminated are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
In den Gruppen der allgemeinen Formel (I) bzw. in den Aminen der allgemeinen Formel (III) sind R und R unabhängig voneinander vorzugsweise Wasserstoff oder Cι_ι2-Alkyl, besonders bevorzugt Wasserstoff oder C^-Alkyl, insbesondere Wasserstoff. Besonders bevorzugt wird Ammoniak als Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (III) eingesetzt.In the groups of the general formula (I) or in the amines of the general formula (III), R and R are, independently of one another, preferably hydrogen or Cι_ι 2 alkyl, particularly preferably hydrogen or C ^ alkyl, especially hydrogen. Ammonia is particularly preferably used as the compound of the general formula (III).
In den Strukturen der allgemeinen Formel (II) ist R3 vorzugsweise Wasserstoff oder Cι_ι2-Alkyl, besonders bevorzugt Cι- -Alkyl, insbesondere Methyl. Es handelt sich damit insbesondere um Vinylacetat-Grundbausteine.In the structures of the general formula (II), R 3 is preferably hydrogen or -CC 2 alkyl, particularly preferably -C-alkyl, in particular methyl. These are, in particular, vinyl acetate building blocks.
Besonders bevorzugte Verbindungen, die die Strukturen der allgemeinen Formel (I) bzw. (II) aufweisen, sind Polymere mit einem Molekulargewicht (Zahlenmittel) von 100 bis 10 000 000, besonders bevorzugt 500 bis 100 000.Particularly preferred compounds which have the structures of the general formula (I) or (II) are polymers with a molecular weight (number average) of 100 to 10,000,000, particularly preferably 500 to 100,000.
Die erfindungsgemäße reduktive Aminierung kann analog bekannten Verfahren zur reduktiven Aminierung von z.B. Aldehyden, Ketonen oder Estern undThe reductive amination according to the invention can be carried out analogously to known processes for the reductive amination of e.g. Aldehydes, ketones or esters and
Alkoholen durchgeführt werden. Sie wird vorzugsweise unter Einsatz geeigneter Katalysatoren durchgeführt. Geeignete Katalysatoren sind bekannt und beispielsweise beschrieben in der prioritätsälteren, nicht vorveröffentlichten DE- A-199 10 960.Alcohols are carried out. It is preferably carried out using suitable catalysts. Suitable catalysts are known and described for example in the older, not prepublished DE-A-199 10 960.
Für die reduktive Aminierung übliche Katalysatoren sind beispielsweise solche auf Basis von Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, AI, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mg, Zn oder deren Kombination. Typische Umsetzungsbedingungen sind Temperaturen von 50 bis 300°C und Drücke bis zu etwa 600 bar.Catalysts customary for reductive amination are, for example, those based on Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mg, Zn or a combination thereof. Typical reaction conditions are temperatures from 50 to 300 ° C and pressures up to about 600 bar.
Ein bevorzugter Katalysator enthält als katalytisch aktive Masse vor der Reduktion mit WasserstoffA preferred catalyst contains as a catalytically active mass before the reduction with hydrogen
20 bis 85 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 22 bis 65 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 25 bis 49,7 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Zirkoniums, berechnet als ZrO2,20 to 85% by weight, preferably 22 to 65% by weight, particularly preferably 25 to 49.7% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO 2 ,
1 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 25 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 25 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Kupfers, berechnet als CuO,1 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 25% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO,
14 bis 70 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 29,7 bis 70 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 40 bis 60 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Nickels, berechnet als NiO,14 to 70% by weight, preferably 29.7 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO,
0 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,3 bis 3,5 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Molybdäns, berechnet als MoO3, und0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3.5% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as MoO 3 , and
0 bis 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 0 bis 5 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Aluminiums, berechnet als Al2O ,0 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 5% by weight, of oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum, calculated as Al 2 O,
deren Gesamtmenge 100 Gew.-% ergibt.the total amount of which is 100% by weight.
Ein insbesondere bevorzugter Katalysator hat die Zusammensetzung 51 Gew.-% NiO, 17 Gew.-% CuO, 30,5 Gew.-% ZrO2 und 1,5 Gew.-% MoO3.A particularly preferred catalyst has the composition 51% by weight NiO, 17% by weight CuO, 30.5% by weight ZrO 2 and 1.5% by weight MoO 3 .
Bevorzugt ist der Katalysator nur aus katalytisch aktiver Masse und gegebenenfalls einem Verformungshilfsmittel wie Graphit oder Stearinsäure aufgebaut. Der Katalysator kann dabei in jeder geeigneten Form, beispielsweise als Tabletten, Kugeln, Ringe, Extrudate eingesetzt werden. Die katalytisch aktive Masse kann gegebenenfalls weiterhin ein oder mehrere Elemente oder deren anorganische oder organische Verbindungen, ausgewählt aus den Gruppen IA bis IVA und IB bis VIIB und VIII des Periodensystems der Elemente enthalten.The catalyst is preferably composed only of catalytically active composition and, if appropriate, a shaping aid such as graphite or stearic acid. The catalyst can be used in any suitable form, for example as tablets, balls, rings, extrudates. The catalytically active composition may optionally also contain one or more elements or their inorganic or organic compounds selected from Groups IA to IVA and IB to VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Besonders bevorzugt sind Katalysatoren, die nach der letzten Wärmebehandlung und vor der Reduktion mit Wasserstoff weniger als 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt weniger als 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 5 Gew.-%, ganz besonders weniger als 1 Gew.-% Kobalt, berechnet als CoO, enthalten. Ganz besonders bevorzugt enthält die katalytisch aktive Masse keine katalytisch aktiven Mengen an Kobalt oder dessen Verbindungen.Particular preference is given to catalysts which, after the last heat treatment and before the reduction with hydrogen, contain less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, in particular less than 5% by weight, very particularly less than 1% by weight. % Cobalt, calculated as CoO. The catalytically active composition very particularly preferably does not contain any catalytically active amounts of cobalt or its compounds.
Die Katalysatoren können durch unterschiedliche Verfahren hergestellt werden, beispielsweise durch Peptisieren pulvriger Mischungen der Hydroxide, Carbonate, Oxide und/oder anderer Salze der Komponenten mit Wasser und nachfolgendes Extrudieren und Tempern der so erhaltenen Masse. Im allgemeinen werden zur Herstellung der Katalysatoren jedoch bekannte Fällungsmethoden angewendet. Dabei können die einzelnen Komponenten einzeln oder gemeinsam als Mischfällung ausgefallt werden.The catalysts can be prepared by various processes, for example by peptizing powdery mixtures of the hydroxides, carbonates, oxides and / or other salts of the components with water and then extruding and tempering the mass obtained in this way. In general, however, known precipitation methods are used to prepare the catalysts. The individual components can be precipitated individually or together as mixed precipitation.
Die Fällungsprodukte werden im allgemeinen bei 80 bis 200°C, vorzugsweise bei 100 bis 150°C getrocknet und sodann bei 300 bis 800°C, vorzugsweise 400 bis 600°C, insbesondere 450 bis 500°C kalziniert.The precipitation products are generally dried at 80 to 200 ° C., preferably at 100 to 150 ° C. and then calcined at 300 to 800 ° C., preferably 400 to 600 ° C., in particular 450 to 500 ° C.
Die Amine der allgemeinen Formel (III) können in stöchiometrischen Mengen, bezogen auf die umzusetzenden Estergruppen, eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt wird jedoch mit einem Überschuß der Amine gearbeitet, beispielsweise mit einem mehr als 5-molaren Überschuß. Speziell Ammoniak wird im allgemeinen mit einem 5 bis 250-fachen, bevorzugt 10 bis 100-fachen, insbesondere 25 bis 80- fachen molaren Überschuß eingesetzt.The amines of the general formula (III) can be used in stoichiometric amounts, based on the ester groups to be reacted. However, an excess of the amines is preferably used, for example a more than 5-molar excess. Ammonia in particular is generally used in a 5 to 250 times, preferably 10 to 100 times, in particular 25 to 80 times, molar excess.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich diskontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich durchführen, wobei der Katalysator bevorzugt als Festbett im Reaktor angeordnet ist. Die Umsetzung kann dabei in der Flüssigphase oder in der Gasphase durchgeführt werden.The process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise or continuously, the catalyst preferably being arranged as a fixed bed in the reactor is. The reaction can be carried out in the liquid phase or in the gas phase.
Üblicherweise arbeitet man bei der Umsetzung bei Temperaturen von 50 bis 300°C, bevorzugt 80 bis 250°C, besonders bevorzugt 80 bis 230°C, insbesondere 100 bis 220°C.The reaction is usually carried out at temperatures from 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C., particularly preferably 80 to 230 ° C., in particular 100 to 220 ° C.
Im allgemeinen wird die Reaktion bei einem Druck von 1 bis 400 bar, vorzugsweise 10 bis 250 bar, insbesondere 20 bis 200 bar durchgeführt.In general, the reaction is carried out at a pressure of 1 to 400 bar, preferably 10 to 250 bar, in particular 20 to 200 bar.
Der Wasserstoff wird in der Reaktion im allgemeinen in einer Menge von 5 bis 400 NI, bevorzugt 50 bis 250 NI pro Mol umzusetzender Esterkomponente zugeführt.The hydrogen is generally fed in the reaction in an amount of 5 to 400 NI, preferably 50 to 250 NI per mole of ester component to be reacted.
Die Umsetzung kann ohne zusätzliches Lösungsmittel erfolgen. Bei der Umsetzung hochmolekularer, hochviskoser oder bei Raumtemperatur fester Ausgangsverbindungen oder Produkte wird vorteilhaft in einem unter Reaktionsbedingungen inerten Lösungsmittel gearbeitet, beispielsweise in Tettahydrofuran, Dioxan, N-Methylpyrrolidon, Mihagol, Ethylen- glykoldimethylether oder Cyclohexan und Hexan bzw. allgemein aliphatischen oder aromatischen Lösemitteln.The reaction can be carried out without an additional solvent. When reacting high molecular weight, highly viscous or solid starting compounds or products at room temperature, it is advantageous to work in a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, for example in tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, mihagol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or cyclohexane and hexane or generally aliphatic or aromatic solvents.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Copolymere, besonders bevorzugt ein Copolymer, enthaltend polymerisierte Vinylamin-Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (I)The invention also relates to the copolymers produced by the process according to the invention, particularly preferably a copolymer containing polymerized vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I)
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
mit R1, R2 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, ^o-Alkyl, C68-Aryl, C7.20-Alkaryl, C7.2o-Aralkyl oder Polyaminrest,with R 1 , R 2 independently of one another hydrogen, ^ o-alkyl, C 68 aryl, C 7 . 20 alkaryl, C 7 . 2 o-aralkyl or polyamine radical,
und, gegebenenfalls unterschiedliche, polymerisierte Vinylcomonomer- Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (IV)and, optionally different, polymerized vinyl comonomer basic units of the general formula (IV)
-CH2-CR4R5- (IV) mit R Wasserstoff, Cι-4-Alkyl-CH 2 -CR 4 R 5 - (IV) with R is hydrogen, C 4 alkyl
R5 wie R oder - O-C(O)-R6,R 5 as R or - OC (O) -R 6 ,
- O-R6,- OR 6 ,
- C(O)-R6, -C(O)-O-R6, - CN, - Halogen,- C (O) -R 6 , -C (O) -OR 6 , - CN, - halogen,
- (O-CH2-CHR7)„-O-R6 mit R7 Wasserstoff, C - Alkyl und n mittlerer Wert von 1 bis 100,- (O-CH 2 -CHR 7 ) "- OR 6 with R 7 hydrogen, C - alkyl and n average value from 1 to 100,
- C(O)-NHR6 - C (O) -NHR 6
mit R6 Wasserstoff, Cι-20-Alkyl, C68-Aryl, C7.20-Alkaryl, C7-2o-Aralkyl, die gegebenenfalls substituiert sein können durchwith R 6 is hydrogen, C 20 alkyl, C 6 8 aryl, C 7 . 20 alkaryl, C 7 - 2 o-aralkyl, which may be optionally substituted by
OR8,OR 8 ,
NR8R9,NR 8 R 9 ,
mit R >8 , D R9 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder Cμ- Alkyl.with R> 8, D R9 independently of one another hydrogen or Cμ-alkyl.
Dabei haben R1 und R2 die vorstehend angegebene bevorzugte Bedeutung. In der Struktur -O-C(O)-R6 hat R6 die vorstehend für R3 angegebene bevorzugte Bedeutung.R 1 and R 2 have the preferred meaning given above. In the structure -OC (O) -R 6 , R 6 has the preferred meaning given above for R 3 .
Bevorzugt sind in den Grundbausteinen der allgemeinen Formel (IV) R4 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, insbesondere Methyl. Bevorzugt hat R5 die Bedeutung R6 oder -O-C(O)-R6. Ist der Rest R5 der Rest R6, so hat R6 vorzugsweise die Bedeutung Wasserstoff, Ci-π-Alkyl, Phenyl oder C7-ιo-Alkaryl, besonders bevorzugt ist R6 Wasserstoff, Methyl, Ethyl oder Phenyl.In the basic building blocks of the general formula (IV) R 4 are preferably hydrogen or methyl, in particular methyl. R 5 preferably has the meaning R 6 or -OC (O) -R 6 . If the radical R 5 is the radical R 6 , then R 6 preferably has the meaning hydrogen, Ci-π-alkyl, phenyl or C 7 -ιo-alkaryl, R 6 is particularly preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl.
Besonders bevorzugt enthält das Copolymer neben den polymerisierten Vinylamin-Grundbausteinen der allgemeinen Formel (I) Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (IVa) -CH2-CR4(-O-C(O)-R6)- (IVa)In addition to the polymerized vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I), the copolymer particularly preferably contains basic units of the general formula (IVa) -CH 2 -CR 4 (-OC (O) -R 6 ) - (IVa)
und/oder der Formel (IVb)and / or the formula (IVb)
-CH2-CHR5- (IVb)-CH 2 -CHR 5 - (IVb)
mit R5 Wasserstoff, C^o-Alkyl, C6-18-Aryl.R 5 is hydrogen, C ^ o-alkyl, C 6-18 aryl.
Insbesondere weisen die Copolymere sowohl die Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formeln (I), (IVa) und (IVb) auf.In particular, the copolymers have both the basic building blocks of the general formulas (I), (IVa) and (IVb).
Derartige Copolymere können noch bis zu 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtcopolymer, weiterer Grundbausteine enthalten, besonders bevorzugt sind sie im wesentlichen oder nur aus den Grundbausteinen der allgemeinen Formeln (I), (IVa) und (IVb) aufgebaut. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich um Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Vinylamin-Terpolymere. Die Copolymere bzw. Terpolymere weisen bevorzugt ein Molekulargewicht (Zahlenmittel) von 100 bis 10 000 000, besonders bevorzugt 500 bis 100 000 auf.Such copolymers can also contain up to 20% by weight, based on the total copolymer, of further basic units, particularly preferably they are composed essentially or only from the basic units of the general formulas (I), (IVa) and (IVb). It is particularly preferred to use ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine terpolymers. The copolymers or terpolymers preferably have a molecular weight (number average) of 100 to 10,000,000, particularly preferably 500 to 100,000.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere können nach beliebig geeigneten Verfahren hergestellt werden. Besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Herstellung der Copolymere durch radikalische Copolymerisation von Vinylestern der allgemeinen Formel (V)The copolymers according to the invention can be prepared by any suitable method. The copolymers are particularly preferably prepared by radical copolymerization of vinyl esters of the general formula (V)
H2C=CH(O-C(O)-R3) (V)H 2 C = CH (OC (O) -R 3 ) (V)
mit R3 Wasserstoff,
Figure imgf000011_0001
C68-Aryl, C7.2o-Alkaryl, C .2o-Aralkyl,
with R 3 hydrogen,
Figure imgf000011_0001
C 68 aryl, C 7 . 2 o-alkaryl, C. 2 o-aralkyl,
gegebenenfalls unterschiedlichen Vinylcomonomeren der allgemeinen Formel (VI)optionally different vinyl comonomers of the general formula (VI)
H2C=CR4R5 (VI) mit der angegebenen Bedeutung für R und R5 und gegebenenfalls weitereren vinylischen Comonomeren zu einem Copolymer und anschließende reduktive Aminierung nach dem vorstehenden Verfahren.H 2 C = CR 4 R 5 (VI) with the meaning given for R and R 5 and optionally further vinylic comonomers to form a copolymer and subsequent reductive amination by the above process.
Die Herstellung der Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Copolymere erfolgt beispielsweise durch radikalische Polymerisation nach dem Hochdruckmasseverfahren, wahlweise in gerührten Autoklaven, Rohrreaktoren oder segmentierten Rohrreaktoren. Derartige Verfahren sind beispielsweise in DE-A-197 54 039, DE-A-197 19 689 und M. Rätzsch, Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoff- Chemie, 42 (4) 1989 beschrieben.The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are produced, for example, by radical polymerization using the high-pressure mass process, optionally in stirred autoclaves, tubular reactors or segmented tubular reactors. Such processes are described, for example, in DE-A-197 54 039, DE-A-197 19 689 and M. Rätzsch, Petroleum and Coal-Natural Gas-Petrochemicals combined with Fuel Chemistry, 42 (4) 1989.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere können in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt ist die Verwendung als Hilfsstoffe in Mineralölen, Mineralöldestillaten sowie Brenn- und Treibstoffen, in der Chromatographie, als Ionenaustauscher, in Dispersionen, als Emulgator, bei der Papierherstellung (Wochenbl. Papierfabr. 1999, 127, Seiten 511 bis 518), in Membranen, in Klebstoffen (WO 00/01783), bei der Herstellung von Cellulosefasern (WO 99/36604), in Drucktinten und Papieren dafür (EP-A-0 878 323, EP-A-0 911 374, WO 98/42787), zur Beschichtung von Fasern, (US 6,077,794), als Fixiermittel (US 6,039,768), als Formtrennmittel, zur Abwasserbehandlung (WO 96/38493), in Waschmittelzusammensetzungen, insbesondere als Farbtransferinhibitoren (US 5,863,879), zur Entfärbung von Papiermühlenabwässern (US 5,476,594), zur Modifikation von Metalloberflächen (US 5,494,535), in Filmen (US 5,492,765), in Beschichtungszusammensetzungen und in anderen Anwendungsgebieten.The copolymers according to the invention can be used in a large number of applications. Preference is given to use as auxiliaries in mineral oils, mineral oil distillates and fuels, in chromatography, as an ion exchanger, in dispersions, as an emulsifier, in paper production (Wochenbl. Papierfabr. 1999, 127, pages 511 to 518), in membranes, in adhesives (WO 00/01783), in the production of cellulose fibers (WO 99/36604), in printing inks and papers therefor (EP-A-0 878 323, EP-A-0 911 374, WO 98/42787) Coating of fibers, (US 6,077,794), as a fixing agent (US 6,039,768), as a mold release agent, for wastewater treatment (WO 96/38493), in detergent compositions, in particular as color transfer inhibitors (US 5,863,879), for decolorization of paper mill waste water (US 5,476,594), for modification of metal surfaces (US 5,494,535), in films (US 5,492,765), in coating compositions and in other fields of application.
Spezielle Anwendungen sind z.B. wie folgt:Special applications are e.g. as follows:
(1) Die Copolymere eignen sich zur Optimierung der Retention und Dränage sowie zur Fixierung von anionischen Substanzen bei der Papierherstellung (Retentions-, Entwässerungs-, Flockungs- und Fixiermittel). Zusätzlich erzielen die Polymere eine Verbesserung der Trocken- und Naßpapierfestigkeit (siehe auch Wochenbl. Papierfabr. (1999), 127(8), 511-518). (2) Die Copolymere eignen sich zur Farb(stoff)entfernung aus Abwässern der Papierherstellung (gemäß US 5,476,594).(1) The copolymers are suitable for optimizing retention and drainage as well as for fixing anionic substances in papermaking (retention, drainage, flocculation and fixing agents). In addition, the polymers achieve an improvement in dry and wet paper strength (see also Wochenbl. Papierfabr. (1999), 127 (8), 511-518). (2) The copolymers are suitable for dye (substance) removal from waste water from paper manufacture (according to US Pat. No. 5,476,594).
(3) In vollständig oder teilweise protonierter Form eignen sich die Polymere als wasserlöslicher bzw. wasserquellbarer, kationischer Polyelektrolyt für wäßrige Klebemitteldispersionen zur Herstellung von mehrlagigem Papier oder Papierwerkstoffen (gemäß DE 198 29 757).(3) In fully or partially protonated form, the polymers are suitable as water-soluble or water-swellable, cationic polyelectrolyte for aqueous adhesive dispersions for the production of multi-layer paper or paper materials (according to DE 198 29 757).
(4) Die Copolymere eignen sich zum Modifizieren von gereinigten oder chemisch vorbehandelten Metalloberflächen, welche dann insbesondere für die Elektrotauchlackierung geeignet sind (gemäß EP 0 672 467).(4) The copolymers are suitable for modifying cleaned or chemically pretreated metal surfaces, which are then particularly suitable for electrocoating (in accordance with EP 0 672 467).
(5) Die Copolymere eignen sich als Farbstoffuberttagungsinhibitor für Waschmittel (gemäß DE 441 3 720).(5) The copolymers are suitable as dye transfer inhibitors for detergents (according to DE 441 3 720).
(6) Die Copolymere eigenen sich als Ausgangssubstanz zur Herstellung von Carbamateinheiten enthaltenden Polymerisaten. Diese Polymerisate eignen sich als Retentions-, Entwässerungs- und Flockungsmittel sowie als Fixiermittel bei der Herstellung von Papier, als Schutzkolloid für die Herstellung von wäßrigen Alkyldiketendispersionen und als(6) The copolymers are suitable as a starting substance for the preparation of polymers containing carbamate units. These polymers are suitable as retention aids, drainage aids and flocculants and as a fixing agent in the production of paper, as a protective colloid for the production of aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions and as
Dispergiermittel für die Herstellung von wäßrigen Füllstoffanschlämmungen (gemäß WO 98/35999).Dispersant for the production of aqueous filler slurries (according to WO 98/35999).
(7) Die Copolymere eignen sich zur Ausstattung und Herstellung von Viskoseprodukten mit kationischen Polymeren (gemäß WO 99/36604).(7) The copolymers are suitable for equipping and producing viscose products with cationic polymers (according to WO 99/36604).
(8) Die Copolymere eignen sich als wasserlösliche aminbasische Polymerkomponenten in mehrschichtigen Membranen zur Abtrennung saurer Gase aus gasförmigen Mischungen (gemäß DE 196 00 954).(8) The copolymers are suitable as water-soluble amine-based polymer components in multilayer membranes for separating acid gases from gaseous mixtures (according to DE 196 00 954).
(9) Die Copolymere eignen sich zur Herstellung von wäßrigen und organischen Dispersionen, Emulsionen oder Lösungen aminbasischer Polymere. Die aminbasischen Polymere, Dispersionen, Emulsionen oder Lösungen eignen sich insbesondere zur Beschichtung und Hydrophobierung von Oberflächen (Lackoberflächen, Ver- packungsbeschichtung, Baustoffimprägnierung, Spanplatten, Stein, Metall, Textilien, Kunststoffe, Leder, Holz, Papier), zur Ausstattung verschiedener Werkstoffe (Stein, Metall, Textilien, Kunststoffe, Leder, Holz, Papier), als Prozeßchemikalie in der Textilindustrie, als Additiv in Druckfarben und Lacken, sowie als Formtrennmittel.(9) The copolymers are suitable for the production of aqueous and organic dispersions, emulsions or solutions of amine-based polymers. The amine-based polymers, dispersions, emulsions or solutions are particularly suitable for coating and hydrophobicizing surfaces (lacquered surfaces, Packing coating, impregnation of building materials, chipboard, stone, metal, textiles, plastics, leather, wood, paper), for equipping various materials (stone, metal, textiles, plastics, leather, wood, paper), as a process chemical in the textile industry, as an additive in Printing inks and varnishes, as well as mold release agents.
(10) Die Copolymere eignen sich als wirksamer Korrosionsinhibitor in Kühlerschutzmittelabmischungen.(10) The copolymers are suitable as an effective corrosion inhibitor in coolant mixtures.
Besonders bevorzugt werden die Copolymere als Fließverbesserer, Wax-Anti- Settling-Additiv, Schmierfahigkeitsverbesserer, Reibschleißverminderer, Korrosionsinhibitor und/oder Verbrennungsmotoreinlaßsystemreiniger in Mineralölen, Mineralöldestillaten sowie Brenn- und Treibstoffen eingesetzt.The copolymers are particularly preferably used as flow improvers, wax-anti-settling additives, lubricity improvers, frictional wear reducers, corrosion inhibitors and / or internal combustion engine inlet system cleaners in mineral oils, mineral oil distillates and fuels.
Beim Einsatz als Fließverbesserer werden die erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere vorzugsweise in Brenn- und Treibstoffzusammensetzungen, insbesondere in Mitteldestillaten wie Dieselkraftstoffen und leichten Heizölen eingesetzt. Sie können dabei zusammen mit weiteren üblichen Additiven eingesetzt werden.When used as a flow improver, the copolymers according to the invention are preferably used in fuel and fuel compositions, in particular in middle distillates such as diesel fuels and light heating oils. They can be used together with other common additives.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere können den Mineralölen, Mineralöldestillaten sowie Brenn- und Treibstoffen, insbesondere einem Mitteldestillat direkt, vorzugsweise aber als 20 bis 70 Gew.-%ige Lösungen einverleibt werden. Als Lösungsmittel werden dabei vorzugsweise Kohlenwasserstof-lösungsmittel verwendet. Geeignete Lösungsmittel sind beispielsweise in DE-A-196 24 861 und DE-A-43 41 528 beschrieben. Die erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere können in einer großen Menge in einem Kohlenwasserstofflösungsmittel gelöst werden. Vorzugsweise enthalten die Lösungen 5 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 20 bis 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere 40 bis 60 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer erfindungsgemäßer Copolymere allein oder zusammen mit anderen Hilfsstoffen, z. B. gemäß der vorstehend genannten Einsatzgebiete. Die Erfindung betrifft auch derartige Konzentrate bzw. Mischungen. Die Konzentrate können beispielsweise zur Herstellung von Brenn- und Treibstoffzusammensetzungen weiter verwendet werden, vergleiche DE-A-196 24 861.The copolymers according to the invention can be incorporated directly into the mineral oils, mineral oil distillates and fuels, in particular a middle distillate, but preferably as 20 to 70% by weight solutions. Hydrocarbon solvents are preferably used as solvents. Suitable solvents are described for example in DE-A-196 24 861 and DE-A-43 41 528. The copolymers of the invention can be dissolved in a large amount in a hydrocarbon solvent. The solutions preferably contain 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 70% by weight, in particular 40 to 60% by weight, of one or more copolymers according to the invention, alone or together with other auxiliaries, for. B. according to the aforementioned fields of application. The invention also relates to such concentrates or mixtures. The concentrates can be used, for example, for the production of fuel and fuel compositions, see DE-A-196 24 861.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch Brenn- und Treibstoffzusammensetzungen, die 5 bis 5000 Gew.-ppm, vorzugsweise 10 bis 500 Gew.-ppm des Copolymers, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung, allein oder zusammen mit anderen Hilfsstoffen enthalten.The invention also relates to fuel and fuel compositions which contain 5 to 5000 ppm by weight, preferably 10 to 500 ppm by weight, of the copolymer, based on the total weight of the composition, alone or together with other auxiliaries.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend durch Beispiele näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below by examples.
BeispieleExamples
Herstellung des Aminierungskatalysators:Preparation of the amination catalyst:
Eine wäßrige Lösung aus Nickelnitrat, Kupfernitrat und Zirkonacetat, die 4,48 % NiO, 1,52 % CuO und 2,82 % ZrO2 enthielt, wurde gleichzeitig in einem Rührgefäß in einem konstanten Strom mit einer 20 %igen wäßrigen Natriumcarbonatlösung bei einer Temperatur von 70°C so gefällt, daß der mit einer Glaselektrode gemessene pH- Wert von 7,0 aufrechterhalten wurde.An aqueous solution of nickel nitrate, copper nitrate and zirconium acetate, containing 4.48% NiO, 1.52% CuO and 2.82% ZrO 2 , was simultaneously in a stirred vessel in a constant stream with a 20% aqueous sodium carbonate solution at one temperature of 70 ° C so that the pH value measured with a glass electrode was maintained at 7.0.
Die erhaltene Suspension wurde filtriert und der Filterkuchen wurde mit voll entsalztem Wasser gewaschen, bis die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Filtrats etwa 20 mS betrug. Anschließend wurden 1,5 % MoO3 als wäßrige Lösung von Ammoniumheptamolybdat untergerührt. Danach wurde der Filterkuchen bei einer Temperatur von 150°C in einem Trockenschrank oder in einem Sprühtrockner getrocknet. Das auf diese Weise erhaltene Hydroxidcarbonat- Gemisch wurde nun bei einer Temperatur von 500°C über einen Zeitraum von 4 h getempert.The suspension obtained was filtered and the filter cake was washed with deionized water until the electrical conductivity of the filtrate was about 20 mS. Then 1.5% MoO 3 was stirred in as an aqueous solution of ammonium heptamolybdate. The filter cake was then dried at a temperature of 150 ° C. in a drying cabinet or in a spray dryer. The hydroxide / carbonate mixture obtained in this way was then heated at a temperature of 500 ° C. over a period of 4 h.
Der so erhaltene Katalysator hatte die folgende Zusammensetzung:The catalyst thus obtained had the following composition:
51 Gew.-% NiO, 17 Gew.-% CuO, 30,5 Gew.-% ZrO2 und 1,5 Gew.-% MoO3. Das Katalysatorpulver wurde mit 3 Gew.-% Graphit vermischt und 6 x 3 mm Tabletten verformt. Herstellung eines Ethy len- Vinylacetat- Vinylamin-Terpolymers:51% by weight NiO, 17% by weight CuO, 30.5% by weight ZrO 2 and 1.5% by weight MoO 3 . The catalyst powder was mixed with 3% by weight of graphite and 6 x 3 mm tablets were molded. Preparation of an Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate-Vinylamine Terpolymer:
Zunächst wurde ein Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymer hergestellt, das aus 70,3 Gew.-% Ethylen und 29,7 Gew.-% Vinylacetat aufgebaut war. Die Schmelzviskosität bei 120°C betrug 65 mm2/s. Die Herstellung erfolgte wie in DE-A-197 54 039 beschrieben.First, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer was made which was composed of 70.3% by weight of ethylene and 29.7% by weight of vinyl acetate. The melt viscosity at 120 ° C was 65 mm 2 / s. The preparation was carried out as described in DE-A-197 54 039.
75 g dieses Copolymers wurde mit 75 g Cyclohexan als Lösungsmittel gemischt und in einem Autoklaven mit 850 g flüssigem Ammoniak versetzt. Anschließend wurden sie bei einem Wasserstoffdruck von 200 bar in Gegenwart von 50 g des vorstehend beschriebenen Katalysators bei 200°C für 16 h erhitzt. Anschließend wurde abgekühlt, entspannt, und der Autoklaveninhalt wurde ausgebaut. Nach Abfiltrieren des Katalysators und Abtrennen des Cyclohexans wurden 80 g eines flüssigen, farblosen Produktes erhalten.75 g of this copolymer was mixed with 75 g of cyclohexane as a solvent and mixed with 850 g of liquid ammonia in an autoclave. Then they were heated at 200 bar hydrogen pressure in the presence of 50 g of the catalyst described above at 200 ° C for 16 h. The mixture was then cooled, let down, and the contents of the autoclave were removed. After filtering off the catalyst and separating off the cyclohexane, 80 g of a liquid, colorless product were obtained.
Der Gehalt an Ethylen, Vinylacetat und Vinylamin wurde NMR-spektroskopisch bestimmt. Das Terpolymer enthielt 75,6 Gew.-% Ethylen, 14,7 Gew.-% Vinylacetat und 9,7 Gew.-% Vinylamin polymerisiert. Die kinematische Schmelzviskosität, bestimmt mit einem Rotationsviskosimeter bei 120°C, betrug 70 mm /s.The content of ethylene, vinyl acetate and vinylamine was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The terpolymer contained 75.6% by weight of ethylene, 14.7% by weight of vinyl acetate and 9.7% by weight of vinylamine polymerized. The kinematic melt viscosity, determined with a rotary viscometer at 120 ° C., was 70 mm / s.
Testöletest oils
Das vorstehend beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Terpolymer wurde als Additiv in unterschiedlichen Testölen eingesetzt. Die Testöle hatten dabei die nachstehenden Kenndaten. Tabelle l:The terpolymer according to the invention described above was used as an additive in different test oils. The test oils had the following characteristics. Table l:
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000017_0001
Die erfindungsgemäßen Teφolymere wurden in die Testöle eingebracht, und der Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP- Wert) wurde gemäß EN116 bestimmt. Zudem wurde der Cloud Point (CP) gemäß ISO 3015 bestimmt. Der CFPP ist in der nachstehenden Tabelle 2 aufgeführt.The polymers according to the invention were introduced into the test oils and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP value) was determined in accordance with EN116. The cloud point (CP) was also determined in accordance with ISO 3015. The CFPP is listed in Table 2 below.
Tabelle 2Table 2
Figure imgf000017_0002
Schmierwirkung:
Figure imgf000017_0002
Lubricating effect:
Die Schmierwirkung des beschriebenen Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Vinylamin Teφolymers (II) wurde in Testöl 5 gemäß DIN ISO 121546-1 (HFRR-Messung) bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse in Tabelle 3 sind als Wear Scar Diameter (WS 1.4) angegeben. Ein niedriger Wear Scar zeigt eine gute Schmierwirkung. Im Vergleich zum erfindungsgemäßen Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Vinylamin Teφolymer (T) wurde ein handelsüblicher Schmierfahigkeitsverbesserer Produkt Kerokorr® LA 99 (K)eingesetzt.The lubricating effect of the ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine Teφolymer (II) described was determined in test oil 5 according to DIN ISO 121546-1 (HFRR measurement). The results in Table 3 are given as wear scar diameters (WS 1.4). A low wear scar shows a good lubricating effect. In comparison to the ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine Teφolymer (T) according to the invention, a commercially available lubricity improver product Kerokorr® LA 99 (K) was used.
Tabelle 3Table 3
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000018_0001
Paraffinsedimentation:paraffin sedimentation:
Die Beeinflussung der Paraffinsedimentation (Wax-Anti-Settling) in Testöl 3 wurde nach einer Methode der ARAL bestimmt, siehe Tabelle 4. Dabei wurden 500 ml des Dieselkraftstoffes bei -13°C für 16 Stunden gelagert. Als Additive wurden das beschriebene Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymer (C) und das erfindungsgemäßeVinylacetat-Vinylamin-Teφolymer (T) getestet. Die Güte der Beeinflussung der Paraffinsedimentation (Wax-Anti-Settling) erfolgt durch visuelle Beurteilung:The influence of paraffin sedimentation (wax anti-settling) in test oil 3 was determined by an ARAL method, see Table 4. 500 ml of the diesel fuel were stored at -13 ° C for 16 hours. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (C) described and the inventive vinyl acetate-vinylamine copolymer (T) were tested as additives. The quality of the influencing of paraffin sedimentation (wax anti-settling) is carried out by visual assessment:
• Fall (A): die Probe ist gleichmäßig trübe, die Paraffine sind vollständig dispergiert. • Fall (B): die Probe besteht aus zwei Phasen unterschiedlicher Trübung. • Fall (C): die Probe besteht aus zwei Phasen, wobei die untere Phase trübe und die obere Phase klar ist.• Case (A): the sample is uniformly cloudy, the paraffins are completely dispersed. • Case (B): the sample consists of two phases of different turbidity. • Case (C): the sample consists of two phases, the lower phase being cloudy and the upper phase being clear.
Eine Wirksamkeit als Wax-Antisettling Additive besitzen Substanzen, die im Versuch zu den Ergebnissen Fall (A) und Fall (B) führen. Zusätzlich wird von den unteren 20 % der Cloud Point (CP) und der CFPP bestimmt. Ein positiver Effekt auf das Kälteverhalten der Testöle liegt dann vor, wenn der Cloud Point der 20%- Bodenphase wenig (1 - 2°C) über dem Cloud Point vor dem Lagerungsversuch bei -13°C liegt.Substances are effective as wax-antisettling additives, which lead to the results case (A) and case (B) in the experiment. In addition, the lower 20% determine the cloud point (CP) and the CFPP. There is a positive effect on the cold behavior of the test oils if the cloud point of the 20% soil phase is a little (1 - 2 ° C) above the cloud point before the storage attempt at -13 ° C.
Tabelle 4Table 4
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
Tabelle 4 zeigt, daß das für die Herstellung des Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Vinylamin Teφolymers eingesetzte Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymer keine Beeinflussung der Paraffinsedimentation bewirkt. Durch Zugabe des Ethylen- Vinylacetat- Vinylamin-Teφolymers zum Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymer wird eine positive Beeinflussung der Paraffinsedimentation erzielt. Table 4 shows that the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer used for the production of the ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine Teφolymer has no effect on the paraffin sedimentation. Adding the ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinylamine Teφolymer to the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a positive influence on the paraffin sedimentation.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere Gruppen der allgemeinen Formel (I) enthalten1. A process for the preparation of compounds which contain one or more groups of the general formula (I)
-CHz-CH^R2)- (I)-CHz-CH ^ R 2 ) - (I)
mit R1, R2 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, Ci- o-Alkyl,with R 1 , R 2 independently of one another hydrogen, Ci- o-alkyl,
C68-Aryl, C7-20-Alkaryl, C7_20-Aralkyl oder PolyaminrestC 68 aryl, C 7 - 20 alkaryl, C 7 _ 20 aralkyl or polyamine
durch reduktive Aminierung von Verbindungen, die eine oder mehrere Gruppen der allgemeinen Formel (II) enthalten,by reductive amination of compounds which contain one or more groups of the general formula (II),
-CH2-CH(O-C(O)-R3)- (II)-CH 2 -CH (OC (O) -R 3 ) - (II)
mit R3 Wasserstoff, Cι_20-Alkyl, C6.18-Aryl, C7_2o-Alkaryl,with R 3 is hydrogen, C 20 alkyl, C 6 . 18- aryl, C 7 _ 2 o-alkaryl,
C7.20-AralkylC 7 . 20 aralkyl
mit Aminen der allgemeinen Formel (III)with amines of the general formula (III)
HN^R2 (IH)HN ^ R 2 (IH)
und Wasserstoff.and hydrogen.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungen Polymere sind, die eine oder mehrere Vinylamin-Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (I) in der Hauptkette enthalten und durch reduktive Aminierung von Polymeren enthalten werden, die einen oder mehrere Vinylester-Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (II) in der Hauptkette enthalten. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compounds are polymers which contain one or more vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I) in the main chain and are obtained by reductive amination of polymers which contain one or more vinyl ester basic units of general formula (II) contained in the main chain.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu aminierenden Polymere Copolymere sind, die C2_12-Olefin-Grundbausteine und Vinylester von Ci.1 -Monocarbonsäuren als Grundbausteine enthalten.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the polymers to be aminated are copolymers, the C 2 _ 12 -olefin basic building blocks and vinyl esters of Ci. 1 -Monocarboxylic acids as basic building blocks.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu aminierenden Copolymere Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Copolymere sind.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the copolymers to be aminated are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
5. Copolymer, enthaltend polymerisierte Vinylamin-Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (I)5. Copolymer containing polymerized vinylamine basic building blocks of the general formula (I)
-CH^CH NR^2)- (I)-CH ^ CH NR ^ 2 ) - (I)
mit R1, R2 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C^o-Alkyl, C6-18-Aryl, C7_2o- Alkaryl, C7.20-Aralkyl oder Polyaminrest,with R 1, R 2 are independently hydrogen, C ^ -alkyl, C 6-18 -aryl, C 7 _ o- 2 alkaryl, C. 7 20 aralkyl or polyamine radical,
und, gegebenenfalls unterschiedliche, polymerisierte Vinylcomonomer- Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (IV)and, optionally different, polymerized vinyl comonomer basic units of the general formula (IV)
-CH2-CR4R5- (IV)-CH 2 -CR 4 R 5 - (IV)
mit R >4 Wasserstoff, Cι- -Alkylwith R> 4 hydrogen, Cι- alkyl
R5 wie R° oderR 5 as R ° or
- O-C(O)-R6,- OC (O) -R 6 ,
- O-R6,- OR 6 ,
- C(O)-R6, -C(O)-O-R6, - CN,- C (O) -R 6 , -C (O) -OR 6 , - CN,
- Halogen,- halogen,
■ (O-CH -CHR7)n-O-R6 mit R7 Wasserstoff, Cw-Alkyl und n mittlerer Wert von 1 bis 100,■ (O-CH -CHR 7 ) n -OR 6 with R 7 hydrogen, Cw-alkyl and n average value from 1 to 100,
C(O)-NHR6 mit R6 Wasserstoff, C^o-Alkyl, C6-18-Aryl, C7.20-Alkaryl, C7_20-Aralkyl, die gegebenenfalls substituiert sein können durchC (O) -NHR 6 R 6 is hydrogen, C ^ o-alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, C. 7 20 alkaryl, C 7 _ 20 aralkyl, which may optionally be substituted by
OR8,OR 8 ,
• NR8R9,• NR 8 R 9 ,
mit R8, R9 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C1- - Alkyl.with R 8 , R 9 independently of one another hydrogen or C 1 - - alkyl.
6. Copolymer nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es neben den polymerisierten Vinylamin-Grundbausteinen der allgemeinen Formel (I) Grundbausteine der allgemeinen Formel (IVa)6. Copolymer according to claim 5, characterized in that in addition to the polymerized vinylamine basic units of the general formula (I) basic units of the general formula (IVa)
-CH2-CR4(-O-C(O)-R6)- (IVa)-CH 2 -CR 4 (-OC (O) -R 6 ) - (IVa)
und/oder der Formel (IVb)and / or the formula (IVb)
-CH2-CHR5- (IVb)-CH 2 -CHR 5 - (IVb)
mit R5 Wasserstoff, Cι-2o-Alkyl, C6-18-Arylwith R 5 hydrogen, Cι- 2 o-alkyl, C 6 - 18 aryl
enthält.contains.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Copolymere gemäß Anspruch 5 oder 6 durch radikalische Copolymerisation von Vinylestern der allgemeinen Formel (V)7. A process for the preparation of the copolymers according to claim 5 or 6 by radical copolymerization of vinyl esters of the general formula (V)
H2C=CH(O-C(O)-R3) (V)H 2 C = CH (OC (O) -R 3 ) (V)
mit R3 Wasserstoff,
Figure imgf000022_0001
C6.18-Aryl, C7.2o-Alkaryl, C7_2o-Aralkyl,
with R 3 hydrogen,
Figure imgf000022_0001
C 6 . 18 aryl, C 7 . 2 o-alkaryl, C 7 _ 2 o-aralkyl,
gegebenenfalls unterschiedlichen Vinylcomonomeren der allgemeinen Formel (VI)optionally different vinyl comonomers of the general formula (VI)
H2C=CR4R5 (VI) mit der angegebenen Bedeutung für R4 und R5 H 2 C = CR 4 R 5 (VI) with the meaning given for R 4 and R 5
und gegebenenfalls weiteren vinylischen Comonomeren zu einem Copolymer und anschließende reduktive Aminierung nach dem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1.and optionally further vinylic comonomers to a copolymer and subsequent reductive amination by the process according to claim 1.
8. Verwendung von Copolymeren gemäß Anspruch 5 oder 6 als Hilfsstoffe in Mineralölen, Mineralöldestillaten sowie Brenn- und Treibstoffen, in der Chromatographie, als Ionenaustauscher, in Dispersionen, als Emulgator, bei der Papierherstellung, in Tinten, Membranen, Klebstoffen, Waschmitteln,8. Use of copolymers according to claim 5 or 6 as auxiliaries in mineral oils, mineral oil distillates and fuels, in chromatography, as an ion exchanger, in dispersions, as an emulsifier, in paper manufacture, in inks, membranes, adhesives, detergents,
Formtrennmitteln, bei der Abwasserbehandlung, zur Beschichtung und Hydrophobierung von Oberflächen, zur Ausstattung von Werkstoffen, als Prozeßchemikalie in der Textilindustrie, als Additiv in Druckfarben und Lacken.Mold release agents, in wastewater treatment, for coating and waterproofing surfaces, for equipping materials, as a process chemical in the textile industry, as an additive in printing inks and varnishes.
9. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8, als Fließverbesserer, Wachs-Anti-Settling- Additiv, Schmierfahigkeitsverbesserer, Reibschleißverminderer, Korrosionsinhibitor und/oder Verbrennungsmotoreinlaßsystemreiniger in Erdöldestillaten.9. Use according to claim 8, as a flow improver, wax anti-settling additive, lubricity improver, friction wear reducer, corrosion inhibitor and / or internal combustion engine inlet system cleaner in petroleum distillates.
10. Konzentrat, enthaltend ein Mineralöl, Mineralöldestillat oder einen Brenn- und Treibstoff und, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Konzentrats, 5 bis 80 Gew.-% mindestens eines Copolymers gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6.10. concentrate containing a mineral oil, mineral oil distillate or a fuel and fuel and, based on the total amount of the concentrate, 5 to 80 wt .-% of at least one copolymer according to one of claims 5 or 6.
11. Mischungen aus mindestens einem Konzentrat gemäß Anspruch 10 und weiteren Hilfsstoffen, die gemäß der in Anspruch 8 genannten Einsatzgebiete verwendet werden.11. Mixtures of at least one concentrate as claimed in claim 10 and further auxiliaries which are used in accordance with the areas of use mentioned in claim 8.
12. Brenn- und Treibstoffzusa mensetzung, enthaltend einen Brenn- und Treibstoff und, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Brenn- und12. Fuel and fuel composition, containing a fuel and, based on the total amount of fuel and
Treibstoffzusammensetzung, 5 bis 5000 Gew.-ppm mindestens einesFuel composition, 5 to 5000 ppm by weight at least one
Copolymers gemäß Anspruch 5 oder 6 allein oder in Mischung mit anderenCopolymers according to claim 5 or 6 alone or in admixture with others
Mineralölhilfsstoffen. Mineral adjuvants.
PCT/EP2001/010031 2000-09-07 2001-08-30 Vinylamine compounds WO2002020627A1 (en)

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KR10-2003-7003309A KR20030029927A (en) 2000-09-07 2001-08-30 Vinylamine compounds
CA002421439A CA2421439A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2001-08-30 Vinylamine compounds
JP2002525246A JP2004508436A (en) 2000-09-07 2001-08-30 Vinylamine compound
AU2001285917A AU2001285917A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2001-08-30 Vinylamine compounds
EP01965237A EP1373330A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2001-08-30 Vinylamine compounds
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AU2001285917A1 (en) 2002-03-22
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