WO2002015904A1 - Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections - Google Patents
Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002015904A1 WO2002015904A1 PCT/US2001/026057 US0126057W WO0215904A1 WO 2002015904 A1 WO2002015904 A1 WO 2002015904A1 US 0126057 W US0126057 W US 0126057W WO 0215904 A1 WO0215904 A1 WO 0215904A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- hepatocyte
- virus
- carboxamidine
- transporter
- Prior art date
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- NHKZSTHOYNWEEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(c1n[n](C(C2O)OC(CO)C2O)cn1)=N Chemical compound NC(c1n[n](C(C2O)OC(CO)C2O)cn1)=N NHKZSTHOYNWEEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/7056—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing five-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the field of the invention is pharmaceuticals. Background of The Invention
- pharmacologically active molecules are orally or parenterally administered to a system (often a mammal, and typically a human), however, they exhibit their desired activity in intracellular compartments such as the cytoplasm or the nucleus. Consequently, such molecules need to pass across the cellular membrane to reach the site of action.
- delivery of antiviral drugs into the cytoplasm and/or nucleus is especially important for proper anti- viral activity.
- modifications include portions of or the entire substrate of a cellular transporter (e.g., glucose for GLUT-1, polybasic amino acids for asialoglycoprotein, etc.).
- a cellular transporter e.g., glucose for GLUT-1, polybasic amino acids for asialoglycoprotein, etc.
- receptor-mediated uptake can occur through various membrane transporters.
- monocarboxylate drugs may be imported by a monocarboxylate transporter, while some endogenous amines and xenobiotics are known to be imported into a cell via an organic cation transporter.
- modifications include regio- or organ specific modifications.
- bile acid adducts may be formed from pharmacologically active molecules to increase the circulation of such molecules in the hepato-biliary system.
- modifications on a phosphate group e.g., formation of a phosphonate ester
- convert a drug molecule in a prodrug which has a relatively high organ specificity converted back to the drug by an organ specific enzymatic system see e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,460 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,903
- Still further modifications include antibodies or fragments thereof to increase target specificity of pharmacologically active molecules carrying the antibody. Despite the relatively high selectivity of antibodies, antibodies tend to be problematic with respect to immunogenicity and their production and/or purification.
- the present invention is directed to methods of delivering a drug to a hepatocyte and methods of inhibiting growth of flaviridae in a cell containing system.
- a method of delivering a drug to a hepatocyte comprises one step, in which an anti-viral or antineoplastic compound having a carboxamidine group is provided.
- the hepatocyte comprises a transporter that transports the compound across a plasma membrane of the hepatocyte wherein the transport of the compound is substantially not inhibited by ribavirin, and in a still further step, the transporter is presented with the compound.
- contemplated compounds comprise a nucleoside with a heterocyclic base coupled to a sugar, wherein the base is preferably a monocyclic base (e.g., 1,2,4-triazole) and the sugar comprises preferably a beta-ribofuranose.
- the base is preferably a monocyclic base (e.g., 1,2,4-triazole) and the sugar comprises preferably a beta-ribofuranose.
- Especially preferred compounds include D- and L-ViramidineTM.
- the carboxamidine group of contemplated compounds is converted to a carboxamide group in the hepatocyte, and it is further preferred that the compound is enzymatically phosphorylated and thereby accumulates in the hepatocyte. It is especially contemplated that hepatocytes are diseased (e.g., viral infection or infestation).
- Contemplated transporters specifically include ATP-dependent transporters and transmembrane proteins.
- a method of inhibiting growth of a virus of a family of flaviviridae in a cell containing system comprises a step in which a pharmaceutical composition having a carboxamidine group is provided.
- a cell in the cell containing system is presented with the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the compound is transported across a plasma membrane of the cell, and wherein the transport of the compound is substantially not inhibited by ribavirin.
- Fig. 1 is a graph depicting nucleoside uptake into different liver cell lines.
- Fig. 2 is a graph depicting competition of [ 3 H] -Ribavirin uptake by Ribavirin and ViramidineTM in HepG2 cells.
- Fig. 3 is a graph depicting competition of [ 3 H] -ViramidineTM uptake by Ribavirin and ViramidineTM in HepG2 cells.
- Ribavirin l-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-l,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
- NBMPR 6-[(4- nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine
- the inventors discovered that the rate of uptake into, as well as the overall concentration of ViramidineTM in hepatocytes as compared to Ribavirin was significantly higher, thereby providing a new avenue to increase the effective concentration of an antiviral agent in a hepatocyte.
- Ribavirin and ViramidineTM use a similar mode of entry in human hepatocytes.
- various strains of hepatocytes Hep3B, HepG2, and Huh7 were incubated with various nucleotide analogs (e.g., Ribavirin, Levovirin (the L-isomer of Ribavirin), and ViramidineTM), and the result of the nucleoside uptake experiments are illustrated in Figure 1.
- the test data for the uptake experiment clearly indicate that all three triazole-type nucleoside analogs are taken up into all of the tested hepatocytes, albeit at different rates and/or amounts.
- hepatocytes include a cellular uptake and/or transporter system for ViramidineTM or other carboxamidine-containing compounds that is at least partially, if not entirely different from the transporter system for Ribavirin (i.e., the NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter).
- Ribavirin i.e., the NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter
- hepatocytes can be targeted with pharmacological molecules that selectively utilize the ViramidineTM uptake and/or transporter system.
- transporter system and "transporter” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a membrane associated (transmembrane protein, or protein located/anchored in the outer or inner cell membrane) protein or protein complex that facilitates influx of a compound across a plasma membrane into a cell.
- transporters will be energy dependent (e.g., ATP dependent), and contemplated transporters may further be regulated by various factors (e.g., membrane potential, Ca 2+ concentration, cGTP, etc). Moreover, it is contemplated that suitable transporter systems may be inhibited by a second compound having a carboxamidine group.
- energy dependent e.g., ATP dependent
- contemplated transporters may further be regulated by various factors (e.g., membrane potential, Ca 2+ concentration, cGTP, etc).
- suitable transporter systems may be inhibited by a second compound having a carboxamidine group.
- suitable molecules not only include ViramidineTM, but also numerous modifications of ViramidineTM.
- particularly contemplated modifications include the L-isomer of ViramidineTM.
- Further contemplated modifications especially include mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms of ViramidineTM, and all chemically and/or physiologically reasonable prodrug forms. Examples for such prodrug forms are set forth in PCT application PCT/USOl/08713 with the title "Nucleoside Compounds and Uses Thereof, filed March 15, 2001, which is incorporated by reference herein.
- nucleosides and nucleoside analogs include nucleotides and nucleotide analogs that include a carboxamidine function, or a modified carboxamidine function, wherein the term ' "modified carboxamidine function" particularly includes groups having the following structure:
- R 1 ⁇ R 2 , and R 3 independently include H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and alkaryl, all of which may be linear or branched, and further include functional groups.
- Particularly preferred functional groups include polar, basic, acidic, electrophilic and nucleophilic groups (carboxylate, thiol, tertiary or quarternary ammonium groups, esters, hydroxyls, amides, imides, ethers, etc.), and halogens.
- bases of suitable nucleoside or nucleotide analogs includes naturally occurring as well as non- naturally occurring bases, and especially contemplated alternative bases are guanine, hypoxanthine, uracil, cytidine, adenine, cytidine, fluorouracil, monocyclic bases (e.g., 1,2,4- triazole), etc.
- the sugar moiety may include natural and/or modified sugars.
- non-ribofuranose sugars such as arabinose may be incorporated.
- non-natural sugars may advantageously include conformationally constrained or locked sugars, sugars with non-OH substituents (e.g., ethynyl, halogen, alkyl), or deoxy-sugars.
- Particularly preferred nucleosides will exhibit an anti- viral activity against flaviviridae, and especially against hepatitis C-type viruses (e.g., HCV virus or pestivirus), or anti-neoplastic activity against neoplastic hepatocytes.
- hepatocytes which may or may not be neoplastic cells
- suitable cells will generally include all cells that exhibit ViramidineTM uptake that is substantially unaffected by competing Ribavirin in a concentration range as employed in the experiments of Figures 2 and 3.
- the term substantially unaffected refers to a reduction of ViramidineTM uptake of no more than 15%, preferably no more than 10%, more preferably no more than 8%, and most preferably no more than 5%.
- hepatocytes, and especially diseased hepatocytes are preferred cells.
- toxicity of a nucleoside or nucleotide compound can be reduced by modifying the compound to include a carboxamidine moiety or modified carboxamidine moiety as described above, wherein target cells for modified compounds include a transporter system, which non-target cells lack.
- Ribavirin is readily taken up by erythrocytes and hepatocytes, and retained after intracellular phosphorylation, frequently leading to hemolytic anemia in patients when the patients are under a high-dose or long-term administration regimen of Ribavirin.
- ViramidineTM is not taken up by erythrocytes, while still being taken up by hepatocytes.
- ViramidineTM is converted in the liver to Ribavirin (unpublished results), and subsequently intracellularly phosphorylated to Ribavirinmonophosphate, which is typically retained in the hepatocytes. Therefore, it is contemplated that by including a carboxamidine group to a molecule and exploiting the relatively high deaminase/deamidase acitivity of hepatocytes, molecules may be specifically targeted to the liver.
- the conversion of a carboxamidine-containing compound to the corresponding carboxamide-containing compound may include an enzymatic conversion
- the enzyme converting a carboxamidine-containing compound to the corresponding carboxamide-containing compound belongs to the class of aminohydrolases.
- Particularly contemplated aminohydrolases include adenosine- or cytosine-deaminases, aryl-deamidase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase.
- a method of delivering a drug to a hepatocyte comprises one step in which an anti-viral or anti-neoplastic compound having a carboxamidine group is provided.
- the hepatocyte comprises a transporter that transports the compound across a plasma membrane of the hepatocyte wherein the transport of the compound is substantially not inhibited by ribavirin.
- substantially not inhibited by ribavirin refers to an inhibition of no more than 20%, more typically no more than 15%, even more typically no more than 10%, and most typically no more than 8%, wherein the concentration of Ribavirin is between lOO ⁇ M and 2mM under test conditions as described in the experimental section.
- the transporter is presented with the compound.
- the inventors discovered that growth of a particular family of viruses, more specifically the flaviviridae, can be inhibited in a cell containing medium by adding some of the contemplated compounds, and especially the hydrochloride salt of ViramidineTM (l-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-l,2,4-triazole-3- carboxamidine*HCl) to a cell-containing medium (data not shown).
- ViramidineTM l-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-l,2,4-triazole-3- carboxamidine*HCl
- the family of flaviviridae has recently gained special attention due to several occurrences of West Nile Virus encephalitis in the eastern part of the USA, resulting in at least 7 reported deaths and at least 62 cases of severe disease.
- hepatitis C-like viruses also belong to the family of flaviviridae, further adding to the significance of flaviviridae with respect to public and private health. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory or hypothesis, it is contemplated that increased transport of ViramidineTM*HCl is particularly beneficial for treatment of flaviridae- virus infections.
- infections particularly contemplated to be treated with ViramidineTM*HCl include hepatitis C virus (HCV), West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Kokobera virus, Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjun virus, and Langat virus, and viruses from the Tick-borne encephalitis virus group, the Japanese encephalitis group, and the Dengue Group.
- HCV hepatitis C virus
- West Nile virus yellow fever virus
- Kokobera virus Murray Valley encephalitis
- Kunjun virus Kunjun virus
- Langat virus viruses from the Tick-borne encephalitis virus group
- the Japanese encephalitis group the Dengue Group.
- a method of inhibiting growth of a virus belonging to a family of flaviviridae in a cell containing system will include a step in which a pharmaceutical composition having a carboxamidine group is provided.
- a cell in the cell containing system is presented with the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the compound is transported across a plasma membrane of the cell, wherein the transport of the compound is substantially not inhibited by ribavirin.
- Particularly preferred cell containing systems include in vitro (e.g., petri dish or cell culture) and in vivo systems (e.g., mammals, and especially human), and it is further especially contemplated that suitable cells include a hepatocyte that is infected with the virus.
- ViramidineTM* HC1 in either D- or L-configuration will be administered in any appropriate pharmaceutical formulation, and under any appropriate protocol.
- administration may take place orally, parenterally (including subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscularly, by intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, or rectally, topically and so forth, and in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
- ViramidineTM*HCl can be formulated in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- ViramidineTM*HCl can be administered orally as pharmacologically acceptable salts.
- ViramidineTM*HCl is mostly water soluble, it can be administered intravenously in physiological saline solution (e.g., buffered to a pH of about 7.2 to 7.5). Conventional buffers such as phosphates, bicarbonates or citrates can be used for this purpose.
- physiological saline solution e.g., buffered to a pH of about 7.2 to 7.5.
- Conventional buffers such as phosphates, bicarbonates or citrates can be used for this purpose.
- the modification of ViramidineTM*HCl to render it more soluble in water or another vehicle may be easily accomplished by minor modifications (salt formulation, esterification, etc.) that are well within the ordinary skill in the art. It is also well within the ordinary skill of the art to modify the route of administration and dosage regimen of a particular compound in order to manage the pharmacokinetics of the present compounds for maximum beneficial effect in patients.
- the pro-drug form of the compounds especially including acylated (acetylated or other) derivatives, pyridine esters and various salt forms of the present compounds are preferred.
- acylated (acetylated or other) derivatives, pyridine esters and various salt forms of the present compounds are preferred.
- One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize how to readily modify the present compounds to pro-drug forms to facilitate delivery of active compounds to a target site within the host organism or patient.
- One of ordinary skill in the art will also take advantage of favorable pharmacokinetic parameters of the pro-drug forms, where applicable, in delivering the present compounds to a targeted site within the host organism or patient to maximize the intended effect of the compound.
- ViramidineTM*HCl may be administered alone or in combination with other agents for the treatment of the above infections or conditions.
- Combination therapies according to the present invention comprise the administration of at least one compound of the present invention or a functional derivative thereof and at least one other pharmaceutically active ingredient.
- the active ingredient(s) and pharmaceutically active agents may be administered separately or together and when administered separately this may occur simultaneously or separately in any order.
- the amounts of the active ingredient(s) and pharmaceutically active agent(s) and the relative timings of administration will be selected in order to achieve the desired combined therapeutic effect.
- the combination therapy involves the administration of ViramidineTM* HC1 or a physiologically functional derivative thereof and one of the agents mentioned herein below.
- anti- viral agents such as various interferons, including but not limited to interferon ⁇ and ⁇ , Ribavirin, acyclovir, and AZTTM; anti-fungal agents such as tolnaftate, FungizoneTM, LotriminTM, MycelexTM, Nystatin and Amphoteracin; anti-parasitics such as MintezolTM, NiclocideTM, VermoxTM, and FlagylTM, bowel agents such as ImmodiumTM, LomotilTM and PhazymeTM; anti-tumor agents such as interferon ⁇ and ⁇ , AdriamycinTM, CytoxanTM, ImuranTM, Methotrexate, MithracinTM, TiazofurinTM, TaxolTM; dermatologic agents such as AclovateTM, CyclocortTM, DenorexTM, FloroneTM, OxsoralenTM, coal tar and salicylic acid; migraine preparations
- anti-fungal agents such as tolnaftate, Fungizone
- Especially preferred primary drugs are AZT, 3TC, 8- substituted guanosine analogs, 2,3-dideoxynucleosides, interleukin II, interferons such as I ⁇ B- interferons, tucaresol, levamisole, isoprinosine and cyclolignans.
- Such further therapeutic agents include agents that are effective for the modulation of immune systems or associated conditions such as AZT, 3TC, 8-substituted guanosine analogs, 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, interleukin II, interferons, such as ⁇ -interferon, tucaresol, levamisole, isoprinosine and cyclolignans.
- agents that are effective for the modulation of immune systems or associated conditions such as AZT, 3TC, 8-substituted guanosine analogs, 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, interleukin II, interferons, such as ⁇ -interferon, tucaresol, levamisole, isoprinosine and cyclolignans.
- Certain compounds according to the present invention may be effective for enhancing the biological activity of certain agents according to the present invention by reducing the metabolism or inactivation of other compounds and as such, are co-administered for
- dosages between 1 -200 mg/day and less are also appropriate, including dosages between 1 -200 mg/day and less. In preferred embodiments, appropriate dosages range from 10-200 mg/day. In more preferred embodiments, dosages range from 50-200 mg/day, and in even more preferred embodiments, dosages range from 5 - 100 mg/day. In general, the appropriate dosage will depend on multiple parameters, including the type of virus infection, the stage of the virus infection, the desired plasma concentration of
- ViramidineTM the duration of the treatment, etc.
- treatment success may be achieved with some viral infections at relatively low plasma concentrations of ViramidineTM, other viral infections may require relatively high dosages.
- Administration of the active compound may range from continuous (intravenous drip) to several oral administrations per day (for example, Q.I.D.) and may include oral, topical, parenteral, intramuscular, intravenous, sub-cutaneous, transdermal (which may include a penetration enhancement agent), buccal and suppository administration, among other routes of administration.
- a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the compounds according of the present invention is preferably intimately admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques to produce a dose.
- a carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral.
- any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be used.
- suitable carriers and additives including water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like may be used.
- suitable carriers and additives including starches, sugar carrier, such as dextrose, mannitol, lactose and related carriers, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like may be used.
- the tablets or capsules may be enteric-coated or sustained release by standard techniques.
- the carrier will usually comprise sterile water or aqueous sodium chloride solution, though other ingredients including those that aid dispersion may be included.
- sterile water is to be used and maintained as sterile, the compositions and carriers must also be sterilized.
- injectable suspensions may also be prepared, in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Examples
- Hep3B, HepG2 & Huh7 cell lines were used at a concentration of 50,000 cells/well in a 24-wells plate, and incubated with [ 3 H]-labeled Ribavirin, LevovirinTM and ViramidineTM (20 ⁇ Ci/ml) plus 10 ⁇ M cold nucleoside for 4 hr at 37°C.
- the cells were washed with PBS and lysed, and the radioactivity in the cell lysate (z ' .e.the amount of labeled nucleoside taken up by the cells) was determined in a scintillation counter.
- 50,000 HepG2 cells/well were placed in a 24-wells plate and incubated with [3H]- labeled nucleoside (20 ⁇ Ci/ml). Competition was performed with increasing concentrations of cold (0, lOO ⁇ M, 500 ⁇ M, and 2mM) competitor nucleoside. Incubation time was 2 hrs at 37°C. The cells were then washed with PBS and lysed. The radioactivity in the cell lysate (i.e. the amount of labeled nucleoside taken up by the cells) was determined in a scintillation counter.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002520825A JP2004506684A (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Method of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flavivirus infection |
IL15416701A IL154167A0 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
MXPA03001529A MXPA03001529A (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections. |
CA002415793A CA2415793A1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
BR0113388-8A BR0113388A (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug distribution to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
KR10-2003-7002539A KR20030040416A (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
AU2001292557A AU2001292557A1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
US10/333,699 US20040077563A1 (en) | 2001-08-21 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
EP01972926A EP1313469A1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
HU0302884A HUP0302884A2 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
NO20030794A NO20030794L (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2003-02-20 | Method of drug delivery to hepatocytes of flavivirida infections |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US22686900P | 2000-08-22 | 2000-08-22 | |
US60/226,869 | 2000-08-22 | ||
US24062700P | 2000-10-13 | 2000-10-13 | |
US60/240,627 | 2000-10-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002015904A1 true WO2002015904A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
WO2002015904B1 WO2002015904B1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
Family
ID=26920944
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2001/026057 WO2002015904A1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2001-08-21 | Methods of drug delivery to hepatocytes and treatment of flaviviridae infections |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1313469A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004506684A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20030040416A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1447692A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001292557A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0113388A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2415793A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ2003308A3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0302884A2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL154167A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03001529A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20030794L (en) |
PL (1) | PL365744A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2003102607A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002015904A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003037908A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-08 | Ribapharm Inc. | Antiviral combination therapy and compositions |
JP2005528401A (en) * | 2002-04-13 | 2005-09-22 | アラン ミシュラ | Compositions and minimally invasive methods for treating incomplete tissue repair |
US7608258B2 (en) | 2002-04-13 | 2009-10-27 | Allan Mishra | Method for treatment of tendinosis using platelet rich plasma |
US7666855B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2010-02-23 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | 2′-C-methyl nucleoside derivatives |
US9994600B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2018-06-12 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Prodrug compounds and uses therof |
US10214727B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2019-02-26 | Allan Mishra | Platelet-rich plasma compositions and methods of preparation |
US10449210B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2019-10-22 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Prodrug compounds and their uses |
US11638548B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2023-05-02 | Blue Engine Biologies, LLC | Use of platelet rich plasma composition in the treatment of cardiac conduction abnormalities |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3984396A (en) * | 1971-06-01 | 1976-10-05 | Icn Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 1-(β,-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazole acid esters |
US5959077A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1999-09-28 | Laboratori Balducci S.P.A. | Hepatotropic conjugates of antiviral drugs carriers thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
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2001
- 2001-08-21 AU AU2001292557A patent/AU2001292557A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-21 EP EP01972926A patent/EP1313469A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-21 HU HU0302884A patent/HUP0302884A2/en unknown
- 2001-08-21 PL PL01365744A patent/PL365744A1/en unknown
- 2001-08-21 IL IL15416701A patent/IL154167A0/en unknown
- 2001-08-21 CN CN01814399A patent/CN1447692A/en active Pending
- 2001-08-21 KR KR10-2003-7002539A patent/KR20030040416A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-21 BR BR0113388-8A patent/BR0113388A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-21 WO PCT/US2001/026057 patent/WO2002015904A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-21 JP JP2002520825A patent/JP2004506684A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-21 CZ CZ2003308A patent/CZ2003308A3/en unknown
- 2001-08-21 MX MXPA03001529A patent/MXPA03001529A/en unknown
- 2001-08-21 CA CA002415793A patent/CA2415793A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-21 RU RU2003102607/15A patent/RU2003102607A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2003
- 2003-02-20 NO NO20030794A patent/NO20030794L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
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WO2003037908A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-08 | Ribapharm Inc. | Antiviral combination therapy and compositions |
JP2005528401A (en) * | 2002-04-13 | 2005-09-22 | アラン ミシュラ | Compositions and minimally invasive methods for treating incomplete tissue repair |
US7608258B2 (en) | 2002-04-13 | 2009-10-27 | Allan Mishra | Method for treatment of tendinosis using platelet rich plasma |
US7666855B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2010-02-23 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | 2′-C-methyl nucleoside derivatives |
US11638548B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2023-05-02 | Blue Engine Biologies, LLC | Use of platelet rich plasma composition in the treatment of cardiac conduction abnormalities |
US10214727B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2019-02-26 | Allan Mishra | Platelet-rich plasma compositions and methods of preparation |
US10449210B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2019-10-22 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Prodrug compounds and their uses |
US11278559B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2022-03-22 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Prodrug compounds and their uses |
US9994600B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2018-06-12 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Prodrug compounds and uses therof |
US10150788B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2018-12-11 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Prodrug compounds and uses thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1313469A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
JP2004506684A (en) | 2004-03-04 |
NO20030794D0 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
BR0113388A (en) | 2004-02-25 |
MXPA03001529A (en) | 2004-04-02 |
RU2003102607A (en) | 2004-07-27 |
CZ2003308A3 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
KR20030040416A (en) | 2003-05-22 |
HUP0302884A2 (en) | 2003-12-29 |
AU2001292557A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
IL154167A0 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
CN1447692A (en) | 2003-10-08 |
NO20030794L (en) | 2003-04-22 |
WO2002015904B1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
PL365744A1 (en) | 2005-01-10 |
CA2415793A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
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