WO2002005294A1 - Electrically conductive ink - Google Patents
Electrically conductive ink Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002005294A1 WO2002005294A1 PCT/GB2001/002912 GB0102912W WO0205294A1 WO 2002005294 A1 WO2002005294 A1 WO 2002005294A1 GB 0102912 W GB0102912 W GB 0102912W WO 0205294 A1 WO0205294 A1 WO 0205294A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- fibres
- conductive ink
- ink
- carbon
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
- H10K71/611—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes using printing deposition, e.g. ink jet printing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/5328—Conductive materials containing conductive organic materials or pastes, e.g. conductive adhesives, inks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
- H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of conductive inks to form electrically conductive layers, especially in optoelectronic devices.
- Particulate materials such as e.g. carbon
- WO 94/15344 discloses a conductive ink comprising carbon particulate materials.
- Particulate carbon has also been used as part of the counter-electrode in dye-sensitised solar cells (so called Graetzel cells), often applied to substrates in the form of a paste or as an ink.
- electrical conductivity in the carbon layer or film produced under these circumstances relies on point-to-point contact between small, frequently micro-sized, carbon particles.
- the electrical pathway is both tortuous and very sensitive to the physical and chemical nature of the carbon particle surfaces.
- the present invention provides for the use of an electrically conductive ink comprising an electrically conductive powder and electrically conductive fibres wherein the aspect ratio of the fibres is greater than 2:1, to form an electrically conductive layer.
- the electrically conductive powder suitably comprises one or more conductive particulate materials such as carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide, but is preferably carbon powder.
- conductive particulate materials such as carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide
- Specific examples of carbon powder that can be used include, but are not limited to, Nulcan XC72R (Cabot Carbon Limited, Stanlow, Ellesmere Port, South Wirral, L65 4HT, UK) and TIMREX KS15 Graphite (Timcal Ltd, CH-6743, Bodio, Switzerland).
- the electrically conductive powder suitably has a surface area in the range from 5 to 1000m 2 /g, preferably from 20 to 250m 2 /g.
- the electrically conductive fibres have an aspect ratio of greater than 2:1, preferably greater than 10:1.
- the fibres may be any electrically conductive fibres, including carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide, but are preferably carbon fibres.
- the fibres must be chosen to ensure that they are chemically compatible with the other components.
- the fibres are suitably of a length of at least 1 micron, preferably greater than 1mm.
- the conducting fibres preferably have a thickness of not more than 100 microns, preferably not more than 50 microns.
- the relative ratio by weight of fibres to powder is suitably in the range from
- the electrically conductive layer may be a film, an electrode or an electrically conductive track.
- the ink may be used to form a track wherein the majority of the fibres are oriented along the direction of the track. It is possible that this will increase conductivity in the direction of the track.
- the component fibres and powders may be mixed together using the following technique. An ink is made-up by hand, eg using the proportions 28.4wt% carbon powder, 17% Disperbyk 164 surfactant (Byk, Holland) and 54.6% pine oil, followed by triple-roll milling to ensure even mixing.
- This 'base' ink typically has a viscosity of approximately 100 Pa.
- the desired weight of fibre, pre-cut to the required length, is added to the base ink with manual stirring or for instance using a paddle-stirrer. After stirring for several minutes to ensure adequate mixing, the ink is ready for use.
- Such mixtures are suitably converted into films or tracks by applying the mixture to a substrate surface, preferably a smooth surface, by e.g. screen-printing or some similar technique and allowing the same to dry followed by suitable firing in an air or nitrogen atmosphere between 300-500°C.
- the ink used in the present invention is particularly useful for making electrodes in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells (including photovoltaic cells). For instance in a solar cell, such electrodes are used for the purpose of transporting the electrical current generated by the photo-active components away to an external circuit or the next cell in a series or parallel configuration etc.
- the film may also serve to protect the internals of the cell from the external environment.
- the present invention provides a solar cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink according to the present invention.
- Carbon fibres, of length 1 mm were mixed in with a 'base' carbon powder ink made as described hereinbefore, by continuously stirring with a spatula for 5 minutes.
- the weight ratio of carbon fibre to ink was 1:3.
- the fibre-containing ink was then used to form thin films of 1 x 5 cm dimension on float glass substrates by screen-printing through a nylon mesh of 150 holes per inch.
- a single or double-pass print was normally sufficient to produce a coherent strip approximately 100 microns thick before drying. After printing of the film, the piece was fired in an air oven at 450°C for 16 minutes in air.
- the conductivity of the film was measured using a standard '4-point probe' technique using a Jandel scientific commercial instrument. This technique is widely used in industry for measuring electrical conductivities.
- Test samples were prepared as 1 x 5cm strips on clear float glass substrates as described previously. Electrical contact was made either end of the longer side by coating silver-paint (Agar Scientific) overlays onto the samples with an overlap of 2mm each end. One current-driving and one potential-sensing lead were then connected to each end of the strip and the conductivity read directly on a Hewlett Packard high-impedance systems meter. All tests were done at room temperature and humidity. The results of this test are shown in Table 1 below:
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001266213A AU2001266213A1 (en) | 2000-07-08 | 2001-06-29 | Electrically conductive ink |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0016747.8A GB0016747D0 (en) | 2000-07-08 | 2000-07-08 | Ink |
GB0016747.8 | 2000-07-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002005294A1 true WO2002005294A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
Family
ID=9895245
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2001/002912 WO2002005294A1 (en) | 2000-07-08 | 2001-06-29 | Electrically conductive ink |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2001266213A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0016747D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002005294A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004093180A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | California Institute Of Technology | Flexible carbon-based ohmic contacts for organic transistors |
WO2005012445A2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-02-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Conducting inks |
EP2003941A2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-17 | manroland AG | Printed functional components |
US7714116B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2010-05-11 | Life Technologies Corporation | Recombinational cloning using nucleic acids having recombination sites |
US7749299B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2010-07-06 | Cabot Corporation | Production of metal nanoparticles |
WO2012044281A1 (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste for solar cell electrode |
US8167393B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2012-05-01 | Cabot Corporation | Printable electronic features on non-uniform substrate and processes for making same |
US8334464B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2012-12-18 | Cabot Corporation | Optimized multi-layer printing of electronics and displays |
US8338091B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2012-12-25 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods and compositions for seamless cloning of nucleic acid molecules |
US8597397B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2013-12-03 | Cabot Corporation | Production of metal nanoparticles |
US8883988B2 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2014-11-11 | Life Technologies Corporation | Compositions for use in recombinational cloning of nucleic acids |
US8945884B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2015-02-03 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods and compositions for synthesis of nucleic acid molecules using multiplerecognition sites |
US9534252B2 (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2017-01-03 | Life Technologies Corporation | Nucleic acid molecules containing recombination sites and methods of using the same |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62257976A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-11-10 | Seiko Epson Corp | Electrically conductive magnetic ink |
EP0492858A2 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-01 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Solid electrolytes |
US5516546A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1996-05-14 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | (Meth)acrylate composition for conductive floor coatings and a process for the preparation of conductive floor coatings |
WO1997047699A1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-18 | Cabot Corporation | Modified colored pigments and ink jet inks containing them |
WO1998034251A1 (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-08-06 | Monsanto Company | Photovoltaic cell |
US5877110A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1999-03-02 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Carbon fibrils |
US5942048A (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1999-08-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Photovoltaic element electrode structure thereof and process for producing the same |
-
2000
- 2000-07-08 GB GBGB0016747.8A patent/GB0016747D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-06-29 AU AU2001266213A patent/AU2001266213A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-29 WO PCT/GB2001/002912 patent/WO2002005294A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5877110A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1999-03-02 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Carbon fibrils |
JPS62257976A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-11-10 | Seiko Epson Corp | Electrically conductive magnetic ink |
EP0492858A2 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-01 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Solid electrolytes |
US5516546A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1996-05-14 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | (Meth)acrylate composition for conductive floor coatings and a process for the preparation of conductive floor coatings |
US5942048A (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1999-08-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Photovoltaic element electrode structure thereof and process for producing the same |
WO1997047699A1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-18 | Cabot Corporation | Modified colored pigments and ink jet inks containing them |
WO1998034251A1 (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-08-06 | Monsanto Company | Photovoltaic cell |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198750, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A82, AN 1987-353252, XP002179923 * |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7714116B2 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2010-05-11 | Life Technologies Corporation | Recombinational cloning using nucleic acids having recombination sites |
US8883988B2 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2014-11-11 | Life Technologies Corporation | Compositions for use in recombinational cloning of nucleic acids |
US9309520B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2016-04-12 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods and compositions for synthesis of nucleic acid molecules using multiple recognition sites |
US8945884B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2015-02-03 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods and compositions for synthesis of nucleic acid molecules using multiplerecognition sites |
WO2004093180A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | California Institute Of Technology | Flexible carbon-based ohmic contacts for organic transistors |
WO2005012445A2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-02-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Conducting inks |
WO2005012445A3 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-04-14 | Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Conducting inks |
US7097788B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2006-08-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Conducting inks |
US8338091B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2012-12-25 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods and compositions for seamless cloning of nucleic acid molecules |
US9534252B2 (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2017-01-03 | Life Technologies Corporation | Nucleic acid molecules containing recombination sites and methods of using the same |
US7749299B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2010-07-06 | Cabot Corporation | Production of metal nanoparticles |
US8334464B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2012-12-18 | Cabot Corporation | Optimized multi-layer printing of electronics and displays |
US8167393B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2012-05-01 | Cabot Corporation | Printable electronic features on non-uniform substrate and processes for making same |
US8597397B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2013-12-03 | Cabot Corporation | Production of metal nanoparticles |
DE102007027473A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Manroland Ag | Technically produced functional components |
EP2003940A2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-17 | manroland AG | Printed functional components |
EP2003941A2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-17 | manroland AG | Printed functional components |
WO2012044281A1 (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste for solar cell electrode |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0016747D0 (en) | 2000-08-30 |
AU2001266213A1 (en) | 2002-01-21 |
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