WO2002005294A1 - Electrically conductive ink - Google Patents

Electrically conductive ink Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002005294A1
WO2002005294A1 PCT/GB2001/002912 GB0102912W WO0205294A1 WO 2002005294 A1 WO2002005294 A1 WO 2002005294A1 GB 0102912 W GB0102912 W GB 0102912W WO 0205294 A1 WO0205294 A1 WO 0205294A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
fibres
conductive ink
ink
carbon
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/002912
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert John Potter
Original Assignee
Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company filed Critical Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company
Priority to AU2001266213A priority Critical patent/AU2001266213A1/en
Publication of WO2002005294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002005294A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
    • H10K71/611—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes using printing deposition, e.g. ink jet printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
    • H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
    • H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
    • H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
    • H01L23/5328—Conductive materials containing conductive organic materials or pastes, e.g. conductive adhesives, inks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
    • H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
    • H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of conductive inks to form electrically conductive layers, especially in optoelectronic devices.
  • Particulate materials such as e.g. carbon
  • WO 94/15344 discloses a conductive ink comprising carbon particulate materials.
  • Particulate carbon has also been used as part of the counter-electrode in dye-sensitised solar cells (so called Graetzel cells), often applied to substrates in the form of a paste or as an ink.
  • electrical conductivity in the carbon layer or film produced under these circumstances relies on point-to-point contact between small, frequently micro-sized, carbon particles.
  • the electrical pathway is both tortuous and very sensitive to the physical and chemical nature of the carbon particle surfaces.
  • the present invention provides for the use of an electrically conductive ink comprising an electrically conductive powder and electrically conductive fibres wherein the aspect ratio of the fibres is greater than 2:1, to form an electrically conductive layer.
  • the electrically conductive powder suitably comprises one or more conductive particulate materials such as carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide, but is preferably carbon powder.
  • conductive particulate materials such as carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide
  • Specific examples of carbon powder that can be used include, but are not limited to, Nulcan XC72R (Cabot Carbon Limited, Stanlow, Ellesmere Port, South Wirral, L65 4HT, UK) and TIMREX KS15 Graphite (Timcal Ltd, CH-6743, Bodio, Switzerland).
  • the electrically conductive powder suitably has a surface area in the range from 5 to 1000m 2 /g, preferably from 20 to 250m 2 /g.
  • the electrically conductive fibres have an aspect ratio of greater than 2:1, preferably greater than 10:1.
  • the fibres may be any electrically conductive fibres, including carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide, but are preferably carbon fibres.
  • the fibres must be chosen to ensure that they are chemically compatible with the other components.
  • the fibres are suitably of a length of at least 1 micron, preferably greater than 1mm.
  • the conducting fibres preferably have a thickness of not more than 100 microns, preferably not more than 50 microns.
  • the relative ratio by weight of fibres to powder is suitably in the range from
  • the electrically conductive layer may be a film, an electrode or an electrically conductive track.
  • the ink may be used to form a track wherein the majority of the fibres are oriented along the direction of the track. It is possible that this will increase conductivity in the direction of the track.
  • the component fibres and powders may be mixed together using the following technique. An ink is made-up by hand, eg using the proportions 28.4wt% carbon powder, 17% Disperbyk 164 surfactant (Byk, Holland) and 54.6% pine oil, followed by triple-roll milling to ensure even mixing.
  • This 'base' ink typically has a viscosity of approximately 100 Pa.
  • the desired weight of fibre, pre-cut to the required length, is added to the base ink with manual stirring or for instance using a paddle-stirrer. After stirring for several minutes to ensure adequate mixing, the ink is ready for use.
  • Such mixtures are suitably converted into films or tracks by applying the mixture to a substrate surface, preferably a smooth surface, by e.g. screen-printing or some similar technique and allowing the same to dry followed by suitable firing in an air or nitrogen atmosphere between 300-500°C.
  • the ink used in the present invention is particularly useful for making electrodes in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells (including photovoltaic cells). For instance in a solar cell, such electrodes are used for the purpose of transporting the electrical current generated by the photo-active components away to an external circuit or the next cell in a series or parallel configuration etc.
  • the film may also serve to protect the internals of the cell from the external environment.
  • the present invention provides a solar cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink according to the present invention.
  • Carbon fibres, of length 1 mm were mixed in with a 'base' carbon powder ink made as described hereinbefore, by continuously stirring with a spatula for 5 minutes.
  • the weight ratio of carbon fibre to ink was 1:3.
  • the fibre-containing ink was then used to form thin films of 1 x 5 cm dimension on float glass substrates by screen-printing through a nylon mesh of 150 holes per inch.
  • a single or double-pass print was normally sufficient to produce a coherent strip approximately 100 microns thick before drying. After printing of the film, the piece was fired in an air oven at 450°C for 16 minutes in air.
  • the conductivity of the film was measured using a standard '4-point probe' technique using a Jandel scientific commercial instrument. This technique is widely used in industry for measuring electrical conductivities.
  • Test samples were prepared as 1 x 5cm strips on clear float glass substrates as described previously. Electrical contact was made either end of the longer side by coating silver-paint (Agar Scientific) overlays onto the samples with an overlap of 2mm each end. One current-driving and one potential-sensing lead were then connected to each end of the strip and the conductivity read directly on a Hewlett Packard high-impedance systems meter. All tests were done at room temperature and humidity. The results of this test are shown in Table 1 below:

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of electrically conductive inks, said inks comprising electrically conductive powder and electrically conducting fibres, wherein the aspect ratio of the fibres is greater than 2:1. The inks are used to form electrically conductive layers, especially in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells. The layers have considerably reduced electrical resistance than if the electrically conductive powder were used alone.

Description

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE INK
The present invention relates to the use of conductive inks to form electrically conductive layers, especially in optoelectronic devices.
In any form of electrical power generation device, power conversion losses due to ohmic resistance of internal conductive pathways is usually undesirable and must be kept to a minimum. In conventional solid-state solar cells that convert light energy into electrical energy, such as those based on silicon, printed tracks made e.g. from silver pastes are commonly used to carry the electrical current from the active part of the cell to the external environment. Silver or similar metals are used due to their low electrical resistance. Newer types of solar cells incorporating e.g. solid polymer electrolytes and/or dye-sensitised semi-conductor powders may or may not be able to use conducting tracks based on metal pastes depending upon the chemical environment within the cells and also upon cost considerations. There is therefore a need to develop alternative conducting track and/or electrode materials for use in these types of cells that are more chemically resistant and/or are cheaper.
Particulate materials, such as e.g. carbon, are well-established electrical conductors that have been used as track and electrode material in solar cells. WO 94/15344 discloses a conductive ink comprising carbon particulate materials. Particulate carbon has also been used as part of the counter-electrode in dye-sensitised solar cells (so called Graetzel cells), often applied to substrates in the form of a paste or as an ink. However, electrical conductivity in the carbon layer or film produced under these circumstances relies on point-to-point contact between small, frequently micro-sized, carbon particles. Thus the electrical pathway is both tortuous and very sensitive to the physical and chemical nature of the carbon particle surfaces.
It has now been found that if such particulate conductive materials, such as e.g. carbon, are partially replaced by conductive fibres in inks, the resultant conductive inks or layers produced therefrom are significantly more conductive than an equivalent volume of particulate materials. Thus, in the first aspect the present invention provides for the use of an electrically conductive ink comprising an electrically conductive powder and electrically conductive fibres wherein the aspect ratio of the fibres is greater than 2:1, to form an electrically conductive layer.
The electrically conductive powder suitably comprises one or more conductive particulate materials such as carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide, but is preferably carbon powder. Specific examples of carbon powder that can be used include, but are not limited to, Nulcan XC72R (Cabot Carbon Limited, Stanlow, Ellesmere Port, South Wirral, L65 4HT, UK) and TIMREX KS15 Graphite (Timcal Ltd, CH-6743, Bodio, Switzerland). The electrically conductive powder suitably has a surface area in the range from 5 to 1000m2/g, preferably from 20 to 250m2/g.
The electrically conductive fibres have an aspect ratio of greater than 2:1, preferably greater than 10:1. The fibres may be any electrically conductive fibres, including carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide, but are preferably carbon fibres. The fibres must be chosen to ensure that they are chemically compatible with the other components. The fibres are suitably of a length of at least 1 micron, preferably greater than 1mm. The conducting fibres preferably have a thickness of not more than 100 microns, preferably not more than 50 microns. Specific examples of conductive carbon fibres that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, Toray M40B 6000 50B (Toray Industries, Japan) and Graphil 34-700 12 K (Grafil Europe, Sutherland House, Matlock Road, Coventry, CV1 4JQ, UK).
The relative ratio by weight of fibres to powder is suitably in the range from
10E-04 to 1, preferably from 0.01 to 0.5.
The electrically conductive layer may be a film, an electrode or an electrically conductive track. There may be a preferred orientation of the electrically conductive fibres within the layer because this may enhance conductivity in a particular direction. For example, the ink may be used to form a track wherein the majority of the fibres are oriented along the direction of the track. It is possible that this will increase conductivity in the direction of the track. The component fibres and powders may be mixed together using the following technique. An ink is made-up by hand, eg using the proportions 28.4wt% carbon powder, 17% Disperbyk 164 surfactant (Byk, Holland) and 54.6% pine oil, followed by triple-roll milling to ensure even mixing. This 'base' ink typically has a viscosity of approximately 100 Pa. The desired weight of fibre, pre-cut to the required length, is added to the base ink with manual stirring or for instance using a paddle-stirrer. After stirring for several minutes to ensure adequate mixing, the ink is ready for use. Such mixtures are suitably converted into films or tracks by applying the mixture to a substrate surface, preferably a smooth surface, by e.g. screen-printing or some similar technique and allowing the same to dry followed by suitable firing in an air or nitrogen atmosphere between 300-500°C.
The ink used in the present invention is particularly useful for making electrodes in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells (including photovoltaic cells). For instance in a solar cell, such electrodes are used for the purpose of transporting the electrical current generated by the photo-active components away to an external circuit or the next cell in a series or parallel configuration etc. The film may also serve to protect the internals of the cell from the external environment.
In a second aspect the present invention provides a solar cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink according to the present invention.
In a final aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink according to the present invention.
The present invention is illustrated with reference to the following Example:
EXAMPLE 1
Carbon fibres, of length 1 mm were mixed in with a 'base' carbon powder ink made as described hereinbefore, by continuously stirring with a spatula for 5 minutes. The weight ratio of carbon fibre to ink was 1:3. The fibre-containing ink was then used to form thin films of 1 x 5 cm dimension on float glass substrates by screen-printing through a nylon mesh of 150 holes per inch. A single or double-pass print was normally sufficient to produce a coherent strip approximately 100 microns thick before drying. After printing of the film, the piece was fired in an air oven at 450°C for 16 minutes in air.
The conductivity of the film was measured using a standard '4-point probe' technique using a Jandel scientific commercial instrument. This technique is widely used in industry for measuring electrical conductivities. Test samples were prepared as 1 x 5cm strips on clear float glass substrates as described previously. Electrical contact was made either end of the longer side by coating silver-paint (Agar Scientific) overlays onto the samples with an overlap of 2mm each end. One current-driving and one potential-sensing lead were then connected to each end of the strip and the conductivity read directly on a Hewlett Packard high-impedance systems meter. All tests were done at room temperature and humidity. The results of this test are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Figure imgf000005_0001
These results show that the combination of a carbon powder ink with carbon fibres results in a considerable reduction in the resistance of the resultant product.

Claims

1. The use of an electrically conductive ink comprising an electrically conductive powder and electrically conductive fibres wherein the aspect ratio of the fibres is greater than 2: 1, to form an electrically conductive layer.
2. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive powder comprises one or more of carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide.
3. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive powder is carbon powder.
4. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in any one preceding claims wherein the electrically conductive powder has a surface area in the range from 5 to
1000 m2/g.
5. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed any one of the preceding claims wherein the electrically conducting fibres are selected from carbon, nickel, tungsten and F-doped tin oxide.
6. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in claim 5 wherein the electrically conducting fibres are carbon fibres.
7. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the electrically conductive fibres have a length of at least 1 micron.
8. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in any one preceding claims wherein the electrically conductive fibres have a thickness of not more than 100 microns.
9. The use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the relative ratio by weight of electrically conductive fibres to electrically conductive powder is in the range from 10E-04 to 1.
10. A solar cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
11. A photovoltaic cell comprising an electrically conductive layer formed by the use of an electrically conductive ink as claimed in any of claims 1 -9.
PCT/GB2001/002912 2000-07-08 2001-06-29 Electrically conductive ink WO2002005294A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001266213A AU2001266213A1 (en) 2000-07-08 2001-06-29 Electrically conductive ink

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0016747.8A GB0016747D0 (en) 2000-07-08 2000-07-08 Ink
GB0016747.8 2000-07-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004093180A1 (en) * 2003-04-15 2004-10-28 California Institute Of Technology Flexible carbon-based ohmic contacts for organic transistors
WO2005012445A2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-02-10 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Conducting inks
EP2003941A2 (en) 2007-06-14 2008-12-17 manroland AG Printed functional components
US7714116B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2010-05-11 Life Technologies Corporation Recombinational cloning using nucleic acids having recombination sites
US7749299B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2010-07-06 Cabot Corporation Production of metal nanoparticles
WO2012044281A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-04-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Conductive paste for solar cell electrode
US8167393B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2012-05-01 Cabot Corporation Printable electronic features on non-uniform substrate and processes for making same
US8334464B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2012-12-18 Cabot Corporation Optimized multi-layer printing of electronics and displays
US8338091B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2012-12-25 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and compositions for seamless cloning of nucleic acid molecules
US8597397B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2013-12-03 Cabot Corporation Production of metal nanoparticles
US8883988B2 (en) 1999-03-02 2014-11-11 Life Technologies Corporation Compositions for use in recombinational cloning of nucleic acids
US8945884B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2015-02-03 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and compositions for synthesis of nucleic acid molecules using multiplerecognition sites
US9534252B2 (en) 2003-12-01 2017-01-03 Life Technologies Corporation Nucleic acid molecules containing recombination sites and methods of using the same

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7714116B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2010-05-11 Life Technologies Corporation Recombinational cloning using nucleic acids having recombination sites
US8883988B2 (en) 1999-03-02 2014-11-11 Life Technologies Corporation Compositions for use in recombinational cloning of nucleic acids
US9309520B2 (en) 2000-08-21 2016-04-12 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and compositions for synthesis of nucleic acid molecules using multiple recognition sites
US8945884B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2015-02-03 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and compositions for synthesis of nucleic acid molecules using multiplerecognition sites
WO2004093180A1 (en) * 2003-04-15 2004-10-28 California Institute Of Technology Flexible carbon-based ohmic contacts for organic transistors
WO2005012445A2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-02-10 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Conducting inks
WO2005012445A3 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-04-14 Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Conducting inks
US7097788B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2006-08-29 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Conducting inks
US8338091B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2012-12-25 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and compositions for seamless cloning of nucleic acid molecules
US9534252B2 (en) 2003-12-01 2017-01-03 Life Technologies Corporation Nucleic acid molecules containing recombination sites and methods of using the same
US7749299B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2010-07-06 Cabot Corporation Production of metal nanoparticles
US8334464B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2012-12-18 Cabot Corporation Optimized multi-layer printing of electronics and displays
US8167393B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2012-05-01 Cabot Corporation Printable electronic features on non-uniform substrate and processes for making same
US8597397B2 (en) 2005-01-14 2013-12-03 Cabot Corporation Production of metal nanoparticles
DE102007027473A1 (en) 2007-06-14 2008-12-18 Manroland Ag Technically produced functional components
EP2003940A2 (en) 2007-06-14 2008-12-17 manroland AG Printed functional components
EP2003941A2 (en) 2007-06-14 2008-12-17 manroland AG Printed functional components
WO2012044281A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-04-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Conductive paste for solar cell electrode

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AU2001266213A1 (en) 2002-01-21

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