WO2002000937A1 - Filtre correspondant a polarisation selective permettant de declencher et d'optimiser une reaction dielectrokinesique rapide - Google Patents

Filtre correspondant a polarisation selective permettant de declencher et d'optimiser une reaction dielectrokinesique rapide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002000937A1
WO2002000937A1 PCT/US2001/020461 US0120461W WO0200937A1 WO 2002000937 A1 WO2002000937 A1 WO 2002000937A1 US 0120461 W US0120461 W US 0120461W WO 0200937 A1 WO0200937 A1 WO 0200937A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarization
dna
entity
matching
dielectric
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PCT/US2001/020461
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas L. Afilani
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Dkl International, Inc.
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Publication date
Application filed by Dkl International, Inc. filed Critical Dkl International, Inc.
Priority to AU2001273026A priority Critical patent/AU2001273026A1/en
Publication of WO2002000937A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002000937A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00—Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C5/005—Dielectrophoresis, i.e. dielectric particles migrating towards the region of highest field strength

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the fields of dielectrokinesis (phoresis), dielectric relaxation dynamics, electronic devices and systems and, more particularly, to a selective polarization matching filter for triggering and maximizing the dielectrokinesis response in the detection of specific entities consisting of organic and inorganic materials via detection of a force or replenishment energy density of stored electrical energy.
  • Co and Ci are ion concentrations inside and outside
  • k is the Boltzmann constant
  • T absolute temperature
  • e is the charge on the electron
  • z is the valence (number of electron charges) on the ion.
  • the nerve and conduction impulses, as well as the sensory, cardiac, and muscular action potentials and subsequent responses are manifested via sequential periodic pulses (waves) resulting in first rapid depolarization and, shortly after, rapid repolarization to reestablish the rest state, namely, the original polarization state of the membrane.
  • the transverse membrane ion currents produce a dipole charge that moves along the cell membrane. The greater the stimulus the more the pulses that are produced along the membrane.
  • the action potentials are related to the ratio of the respective ion concentrations inside and outside the different types of membranes.
  • the resultant polarization electrical field distribution pattern has a high degree of spatial non-uniformity and can be characterized as a bound dipolar charge distribution pattern.
  • a detailed discussion of the human generated electric field can be found in R.A. Rhodes, Human Physiology, Harcourt Brace Javanovich (1992) and D.C. Gianocoli, Physics Principles with Applications, Prentice Hall (1980), the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the external electric field and gradients thereof can be supplied by an external source via static electrification for use with inanimate targets such as plastics, metals, water, etc.
  • Dielectrophoresis describes the force upon and mechanical behavior of initially neutral matter that is dielectric polarization charged via induction by external spatially non-uniformity electric fields.
  • the severity of the spatial non-uniformity of the electric field is measured by the spatial gradient (spatial rate of change) of the electric field.
  • a fundamental operating principle of the dielectrophoresis effect is that the force (or torque) in air generated at a point and space in time always points (or seeks to point) in the same direction, mainly toward the maximum gradient (non-uniformity) of the local electric field, independent of sign (+ or -) and time variations (DC or AC) of electrical fields (voltages) and of the surrounding medium dielectric properties.
  • the dielectrophoresis force magnitude depends distinctively nonlinearly upon the dielectric polarizibility of the surrounding medium, the dielectric polarizibility of initially neutral matter and nonlinearly upon the neutral matter's geometry. This dependence is via the Clausius-Mossotti function, well-known from polarizibility studies in solid state physics.
  • the dielectrophoresis force depends nonlinearly upon the local applied electric field produced by the target.
  • the dielectrophoresis force depends upon the spatial gradient of the square (second power) of the target's local electric field distribution at a point in space and time where a detector is located. The spatial gradient of the square of the local electric field is measured by the dielectrophoresis force produced by the induced polarization charge on the detector.
  • This constant-direction-seeking force is highly variable in magnitude both as a function of angular position (at fixed radial distance from the target) and as a function of the radial position (at a fixed angular position) and as a function of the "effective" medium polarizibility.
  • the force's detection signature is a unique pattern of the target's spatial gradient of the local electric field squared, with the detector always pointing (seeking to point) out the direction of the local maximum of the gradient pattern. All experimental results and equations of dielectrophoresis are consistent with the fundamental electromagnetic laws (Maxwell's equations).
  • dielectrophoresis i.e., force and torque pivots the initially neutral matter to align itself with the spatial position of the local maximum spatial gradient of the external electric field squared
  • the normal para- electric dielectrophoresis response is generally the result of a two-step process: (1) induced polarization of the initially neutral matter by the external electric field pattern, followed by (2) action of the spatially non-uniform external electric field pattern upon the induced dipole within the neutral matter to produce a conventional para-electric dielectrophoresis force and torque rotating the neutral matter around a pivot line in order to align the long dimension of the neutral matter with the spatial position of the maximum spatial gradient of the external electric field squared.
  • the apo-electric dielectrophoresis force and torque rotates the "poled" neutral matter around a pivot line in order to align the long dimension of the neutral matter with the spatial position of the local minimum spatial gradient of the external electric field squared.
  • the apo-electric response is self -extinguishing in that, when the "poled" neutral matter is made to stop spinning, the poled neutral matter now exhibits para-electric dielectrophoresis phenomena (force, torque) in exactly the same operative mode as exhibited by non-poled, non- prepolarized neutral matter (rotation to point toward the local maximum spatial gradient of the external electric field squared).
  • the unconventional apo-electric dielectrophoresis response is the strongest when the axis of rotation of the ferroelectric or electret material is at a right angle to the external electric field direction.
  • the apo-electric dielectrophoresis response is negligible if the axis of rotation is parallel to the external field direction. The apo-electric response will thus occur only for the component of the external electric field perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
  • the application of an external electric field to a material system capable of making an unconventional, apo- electric dielectrophoresis response increases the energy state of the system.
  • the application of para-electric dielectrophoresis response decreases the energy state of the system.
  • the source of energy in both situations is the entity (human operator) providing the spinning of the poled materials and sampling of the external electric field spatial gradient pattern.
  • dielectric polarization There are five known modes of dielectric polarization. These include: electronic polarization, where electron distribution about the atom nuclei is slightly distorted due to the imposed external electric field; atomic polarization, where the atom's distribution within initially neutral matter is slightly distorted due to the imposed external electric field; nomadic polarization, where in very specific polymers, etc., highly delocalized electron or proton distribution is highly distorted over several molecular repeat units due to the imposed external electric field; rotational polarization (dipolar and orientational), where permanent dipoles (H 2 O, NO, HF) and orientable pendant polar groups (-OH, -CI, -CN, -NO 2 ) hung flexibly on molecules in material are rotationally aligned toward the external electric field with characteristic time constants; and interfacial (space charge) polarization, where inhomogeneous dielectric interfaces accumulate charge carriers due to differing small electrical conductivities. With the interfacial polarization, the resulting space
  • the first three modes of dielectric polarization, electronic, atomic and nomadic, are molecular in distance scale and occur "instantaneously" as soon as the external electric field is imposed and contribute to the dielectric constant of the material at very high frequencies (infrared and optical).
  • the last two polarization modes, rotational and interfacial, are molecular and macroscopic in distance scale and appear dynamically over time with characteristic time constants to change (usually increase) the high frequency dielectric response constant toward the dielectric constant at zero frequency. These characteristic material time constants control the dielectric and mechanical response of a material.
  • the human-based complex composite dielectric material (hair) is responsible for performing the device's triggering/optimization mechanism of previous inventions for the selective polarization filter (SPF) component.
  • SPPF selective polarization filter
  • Standard biochemical protocols for extracting DNA from soft human tissues were utilized on the hard solidified human hair tissue for a seventy-two (72) hour extraction time period. UV and IR spectra of the extraction solution showed many features consistent with (but not totally definitive) the presence of DNA, RNA and other cellular constituents.
  • a composition of matter utilizes the pre-polarized DNA (sodium salt for chemical stability) of a predetermined animate entity operating as the dielectric replicate matching reference material.
  • the pre-polarized DNA is in an electret state with long lasting polarization or is in a ferroelectric state with permanent polarization depending upon how chemically stable the DNA's backbone phosphate group component is and whether the DNA can replicate itself in the local background chemistry where it resides.
  • the DNA operates as a nm-size scale double-helical-structured biological ferroelectric or electret via highly asymmetric (electron/proton) hydrogen-bond dipoles weakly linking the two oppositely-directed complementary helixes containing the entities' multiple base pair nucleotides (e.g., for human entity there are two base pairs: "GC'V'AT”) hydrogen-bonded weakly linked by dipoles in nearly innumerable combinations/permutations to construct (with proteins) various chromosomes underlying entities' genetic specificity code/genome (number of chromosomes varies from 2 to 300 for various animate entities; human entity number is 46).
  • the present invention relates to a modified selective polarization matching filter formed of compositions of matter using the pre-polarized DNA (sodium salt for chemical stability) of a predetermined animate entity operating as the dielectric replicate matching reference material.
  • the pre-polarized DNA is in an electret state with long lasting polarization or is in a ferroelectric state with permanent polarization depending upon how chemically stable the DNA's backbone phosphate group component is and whether the DNA can replicate itself in the local background chemistry where it resides.
  • the DNA operates as a nm-size-scale double- helical-structured biological ferroelectric or electret via high asymmetric (electron/proton) hydrogen-bond dipoles weakly linking the two oppositely-directed complementary helixes containing the entities' multiple base pair nucleotides (e.g., for human entity there are two base pairs: "GC'V'AT”) hydrogen-bonded weakly linked by dipoles in nearly innumerable combinations/permutations to construct (with proteins) various chromosomes underlying entities' genetic specificity code/genome (number of chromosomes varies from 2 to 300 for various animate entities; human entity number is 46).
  • asymmetric (electron/proton) hydrogen-bond dipoles weakly linking the two oppositely-directed complementary helixes containing the entities' multiple base pair nucleotides (e.g., for human entity there are two base pairs: "GC'V'AT”) hydrogen-bonded weakly linked by dipoles in nearly innum
  • composition of matter serves as a dielectric replicate matching reference material that is used to make a detection device component that triggers and maximizes, when the pre-polarized material is set in rotary motion an apo-electric dielectrokinesis phenomena (force, torque) in exactly the opposite direction to that which occurs when the component and material are not pre-polarized, a para-electric dielectrokinesis phenomena, both of which can be used to detect the presence of specific entities of a predetermined type that contain as a major component the matching dielectric material.
  • apo-electric dielectrokinesis phenomena force, torque
  • para-electric dielectrokinesis phenomena both of which can be used to detect the presence of specific entities of a predetermined type that contain as a major component the matching dielectric material.
  • the opposite direction phenomena exhibited by the pre-polarized material is self- extinguishing, when placed in a specific detection device, and the pre-polarized material is not spinning, the component exhibits dielectrokinesis (force, torque) in exactly the same direction as that exhibited by non-pre-polarized materials.
  • Different designs and materials enable the detection of various animate entities including human beings, animals, etc. Detectors operate irrespective of the presence or absence of any type of intervening visual obstructing material structures or barriers, lighting or weather conditions or electromagnetic interference (EMI).
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • a non-poled selective polarization matching filter of the copending application noted above is formed of compositions of matter using initially neutral material chosen to be an exact dielectric replicate of an entity to be detected via dielectrokinesis (phoresis).
  • the filter is an important element in triggering and also maximizing both the mechanical torque and energy replenishment modes using dielectrokinesis (phoresis) methods to detect entities.
  • the filtering action applies to a practically limitless range of materials to be detected as an entity of interest target.
  • the detection materials include, for example, nano-structured human keratin protein polymer for human detection, nano-structured animal keratin protein polymer for animal detection, specific plastic (mixture of polymers and additives) for plastic detection, and the like.
  • the dielectric replicate material comprising the selective polarization filter functionally performs a spatial dielectric property matching between the entity of interest and a locator device to locate the entities.
  • the filter enables the device to operate using the dielectrokinesis (phoresis) phenomena to specifically detect only those entities matching the dielectric response signature of the polarization filter component.
  • the dielectric signature includes both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss frequency spectra and all characteristic time constants controlling the polarization evolution/mechanics in external electric fields.
  • the dielectrokinesis entity location detection device there are two primary elements for the dielectrokinesis entity location detection device to operate.
  • the first element is an external electric field and spatial gradients thereof
  • the second element is the selective dielectric polarization matching filter of the present invention.
  • the external electric field and gradients thereof can be provided by the entity of interest itself as is the case when animate species are the entities of interest to be detected.
  • the external electric field and gradients thereof can be supplied by an external source via static electrification as is the case when inanimate entities are the entities of interest to be detected.
  • the selective polarization matching filter embodied in this invention can be used in the detection device itself as either a passive or active circuit component (no flowing or flowing continuous electric current, respectively).
  • the selective polarization matching filter embodied in this invention can be used with conventional electronic components (resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, etc.) in the overall operational design of the type of locator device used to detect the presence or absence of a specific entity of a predetermined type.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration of the human DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) molecule showing its double helical structure with two base pairs A-T and G-C in detail with the weak hydrogen asymmetric dipole bonds linking the two oppositely-directed complementary helixes together and defining species' genetic specificity code or genome;
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic drawing of an entity, a ground plane, the locating device using the non pre-polarized neutral matter for a para-electric selective polarization filter and the entity's electric field lines;
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic drawing of an entity, a ground plane, the locating device using the pre-polarized neutral matter for an apo-electric selective polarization filter and the entity's electric field lines;
  • FIGURE 4 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment apo-electric pre-polarized selective polarization matching filter produced by encapsulating within the filter the chemically stabilized DNA of the animate entity of a predetermined type according to the present invention
  • FIGURE 5 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment apo-electric pre- polarized selective polarization matching filter produced by encapsulating within the filter the chemically stabilized DNA of the animate entity of a predetermined type according to the present invention
  • FIGURE 6 is a schematic illustration of a third embodiment apo-electric pre-polarized selective polarization matching filter produced by encapsulating within the filter the chemically stabilized DNA of the animate entity of a predetermined type according to the present invention.
  • the external electric field and gradients thereof of the target entity defines a specific polarization pattern for the entity.
  • a detector element such as an antenna or the like.
  • the selective polarization matching filter according to the present invention serves as a matching bridge between the detector operator and the opposite polarized detector component to generate the opposite polarization pattern.
  • FIGURE 1 shows pre-polarized human DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) molecule 101 with its oppositely-directed complementary helixes 102 and 103.
  • the backbone of each helix contains repeat units 104 strongly linking a 5 -carbon ribose sugar 105 and phosphate 106 groups.
  • the unit is attached to one of four bases “A" (adenine) 107, "T" (thymine) 108, “G” (guanine) 109 and “C” (cytosine), 110, grouped in base pairs like A-T, 111, linking the two helixes via weak asymmetric (electron/proton) hydrogen-bond dipoles, 112 forming a complex ferroelectric-like material with a preferred direction either parallel 113 (or perpendicular 114) to the common long (or short) axes of the oppositely-directed helixes making up the DNA molecule where the hydrogen-bond dipole array is considered to have net components parallel and perpendicular to the common long axis.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a target entity of interest 200 and a surrounding ground plane 202.
  • the entity's polarization charges 201 produce non-uniform electric field lines 204 that have a unique spatial pattern as shown.
  • the non-uniform electric field lines 204 also have a unique electric field spatial pattern (not shown).
  • the non-uniform electric field lines 204 terminate on the surrounding ground plane 202 and induce opposite polarization charges 203 thereon.
  • An initially neutral matter or medium 205 such as the device of the previous invention, is shown amidst the non-uniform electric field lines.
  • the neutral matter 205 includes a cavity 206 filled with a specific dielectric material 207.
  • the non-uniform electric field lines induce polarization charges 209 and 210 in the dielectric material 207.
  • the neutral matter 205 also contains protuberant antennas that form a pivot line 211 that is perpendicular to the plane containing FIGURE 2.
  • the para-electric dielectrophoretic-like force manifests itself as an easily detected torque motion of the antennas 208 about the pivot line 211 as the initially neutral matter or medium 205 moves (is rotated or is spinning) as the device samples the non-uniform electric field lines 204.
  • the protuberant antennas 208 generate torque to align themselves with the maximum spatial gradient of the electric field lines 204.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a target entity of interest 300 and a surrounding ground plane 302.
  • the entity's polarization charges 301 produce non-uniform electric field lines 304 that have a unique spatial pattern as shown.
  • the non-uniform electric field lines 304 also have a unique spatial pattern (not shown).
  • the non-uniform electric field lines 304 terminate on the surrounding ground plane 302 and induce opposite polarization charges 303 thereon.
  • An initially neutral matter or medium, such as the device of the previous invention, is shown amidst the non-uniform electric field lines.
  • the neutral matter 305 includes a cavity 306 filled with a specific dielectric material 307.
  • the non-uniform electric field lines induce polarization charges 309 and 310 in the dielectric material 307.
  • the neutral matter 305 also contains protuberant antennas that form a pivot line 311 that is perpendicular to the plane containing FIGURE 3.
  • the apo-electric dielectrophoretic-like force manifests itself as an easily detected torque motion of the antennas 308 about the pivot line 311 as the initially neutral matter or medium 305 moves (is rotated or is spinning) as the device samples the non-uniform electric field lines 304.
  • the direction of the force and torque is exactly opposite in direction compared to a conventional para-electric case due to the presence of the pre-polarization P 312 for the apo-electric case.
  • the protuberant antennas 308 generate torque to align themselves with the minimum spatial gradient of the electric field lines 304 as long as the apo-electric selective polarization filter of the current invention and the device containing it is still being rotated or spun or scanned to sample the electric field lines 304. Once rotation stops, the antennas generate torque to realign themselves with the maximum spatial gradient.
  • the apo-electric case is therefore self-extinguishing and flip-flops from alignment to the minimum to alignment to the maximum spatial gradient.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the filter according to a first embodiment of the invention for non-electrically conducting materials.
  • the filter 10 includes a replicate dielectric property matching material 12 encapsulated within a filter body 14 formed of a polymer such as polyurethane.
  • a pair of parallel plates 16 disposed enclosing the replicate dielectric property matching material 12 are also encapsulated in the filter housing 14.
  • the plates 16 are preferably formed of a different polymer such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). In this arrangement, the plates 16 are coupled with metal electrical leads 20 via isocyanate glue pods 18 or the like.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • the replicate dielectric property matching material 12 is selected in accordance with the characteristics of the entity to be detected. That is, the replicate property matching material contains identical dielectric properties, time constants and related macroscopic friction coefficients to those of the entity material to be detected.
  • suitable replicate dielectric property matching materials include nano-structured human keratin protein polymer for human detection, nano-structured animal keratin protein polymer for animal detection, specific plastic (mixture of polymers and additives) for plastic detection and the like.
  • the structure is substantially similar to that of the first embodiment.
  • the plates 16' in the filter 10' are formed of metal such as copper, brass, aluminum or steel.
  • the metal plates 16' are connected to the electrical leads 20' via solder pods 18'.
  • the filter 30 for non-electrically conducting replicate materials, the replicate dielectric property matching material itself is utilized as the filter housing.
  • the filter 30 according to the third embodiment of the invention includes a filter housing 32 formed of the replicate dielectric property matching material and defining therein a cavity 34, Another dielectric material 36 such as air is disposed in the cavity 34. Exit ports 38 from the cavity 34 are formed in the filter housing 32 and are filled with a conducting material 40, preferably of metal, coupled with an external electronic circuit connector and grounding terminals (not shown).
  • the dielectrokinesis (phoresis) phenomena can be used with the current dielectric polarization matching filter disclosure of the invention in at least two methodologies to enable the detection and location of specific entities of interest.
  • the first methodology utilizes the dielectrophoresis force directly. This is usually observed via a torque "action at a distance" motion acting around a well-defined pivot point and line.
  • An example of this application is described in commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 5,748,088, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the second methodology is where a dielectric replicate of the material of interest to be detected is provided with an external electric field and spatial gradients thereof by external static electrification. This allows a measurable electrical energy replenishment to occur when a second material, dielectrically matching the replicate reference material, comes within close proximity to the reference material and undergoes polarization by the external electric field provided by the static electrification.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition de matériau utilisant l'ADN prépolarisé (sel de sodium pour la stabilité chimique) d'une entité animée prédéterminée fonctionnant comme le matériau de référence correspondant à la copie diélectrique. L'ADN prépolarisé est dans un état électret et présente une polarisation longue durée ou se trouve dans un état ferroélectrique et présente une polarisation permanente dépendant du degré de stabilité chimique du composant de groupe phosphate squelette de l'ADN, si l'ADN peut se dupliquer dans le milieu chimique local dans lequel il se trouve. L'ADN fonctionne comme un ferroélectrique à structure à double hélice dont l'échelle de taille se mesure en nm ou un électret via des dipôles à liaison hydrogène (électron/proton) fortement asymétriques liant faiblement les hélices complémentaires orientées en direction opposée contenant les nucléotides à paire de base multiple de l'entité (par exemple, pour une entité humaine, il existe deux paires de base; « GC »/ « AT ») à liaison hydrogène faiblement liées par des dipôles dans des combinaisons/permutations presque indénombrables afin de construire (avec des protéines) divers chromosomes sous-tendant le code/génome de la spécificité de l'entité. Le matériau de référence correspondant de copie diélectrique sert à fabriquer un composant de dispositif de détection qui déclenche et optimise, lorsque le composant/matériau prépolarisé et polarisé est soumis à une rotation lancée depuis l'extérieur (mise en en mouvement rotatif par l'opérateur humain du dispositif de détection), un phénomène (force, couple) semblable à une diélectrokinésie phorèse dans exactement la manifestation opposée au mode opératoire de diélectrokinésie phorèse comparé à celui qui se produit lorsque le composant et le matériau ne sont pas prépolarisés (polarisés), ces deux éléments peuvent servir à détecter la présence d'entités spécifiques d'un type prédéterminé comme l'un des composants majeurs du matériau diélectrique correspondant. Les détecteurs utilisant des combinaisons spécifiques de composants polarisés et non- polarisés et des matériaux peuvent détecter et localiser la position de ligne de portée présentée par une entité spécifique en rapport avec la présence ou l'absence d'un type quelconque de structures ou protections de matériau obstruant visuellement, de conditions d'éclairage, de conditions climatiques ou encore d'interférence électromagnétique (EMI).
PCT/US2001/020461 2000-06-28 2001-06-28 Filtre correspondant a polarisation selective permettant de declencher et d'optimiser une reaction dielectrokinesique rapide WO2002000937A1 (fr)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998048267A1 (fr) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-29 Dkl International, Inc. Filtre d'adaptation a polarisation selective servant a declencher et optimiser une reponse dielectrocinetique rapide

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998048267A1 (fr) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-29 Dkl International, Inc. Filtre d'adaptation a polarisation selective servant a declencher et optimiser une reponse dielectrocinetique rapide

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