WO2001095279A1 - Ultra-short wavelength photoelectric smoke detector - Google Patents
Ultra-short wavelength photoelectric smoke detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001095279A1 WO2001095279A1 PCT/US2000/005734 US0005734W WO0195279A1 WO 2001095279 A1 WO2001095279 A1 WO 2001095279A1 US 0005734 W US0005734 W US 0005734W WO 0195279 A1 WO0195279 A1 WO 0195279A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- detector
- radiant energy
- wavelength
- housing
- emitter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
Definitions
- the invention pertains to photoelectric smoke detectors. More particularly, the invention pertains to such detectors with short wavelength radiant energy injected into a scattering region.
- Background of the Invention A variety of fire detectors are known for both residential and commercial applications.
- Known detector technology includes heat detectors, smoke responsive detectors such as photoelectric detectors, ionization detectors or combinations of both types, flame detectors and detectors based on gas detection.
- Heat detectors respond to rising ambient temperatures. Photoelectric detectors are based on light scattering or light obscuration. Ionization detectors incorporate a radioactive source which ionizes the air in the vicinity of an electrode. Ions generated attached to airborne smoke aerosols which in turn reduces the ionization current. This reduction triggers an alarm at a predetermined threshold.
- a photoelectric smoke detector injects a relatively short wavelength radiant energy into a scattering region. With the aid of a non-linear crystal, the injected beam can have even shorter wavelength. The radiation is in turn scattered by airborne particulate matter, such as smoke aerosols, in the sensing region. The scattered radiant energy can then be sensed at a sensor responsive to the relatively short wavelength scattered radiant energy.
- a blue light-emitting diode or laser diode which emits light at a wavelength on the order of 450 nanometers can be used as a source of radiant energy. That radiant energy can be injected directly into a scattering region.
- a non-linear crystalline material can be positioned in the path of the emitted radiant energy.
- the crystalline material is selected so as to emit, in response to incident radiant energy, radiant energy having a wavelength on the order of 60 percent of the incident radiant energy. This shorter wavelength radiant energy can in turn be injected into the scattering region. If the source emits radiant energy in a range of 430 to 470 nanometers, output from the nonlinear optical material could be expected to fall within a range of 190 nanometers to 350 nanometers depending on the input frequencies and the material selected.
- a photoelectric smoke detector incorporates a source of infrared radiant energy, such as a light emitting diode or laser diode with an emitted range of wavelengths on the order of 880 nanometers to 940 nanometers.
- a second source emitting radiant energy in the 430 to 470 nanometer range can be incorporated into the detector spaced from the first source.
- a single source which might be switchable from one frequency range to the other could be used.
- a non-linear optical material can be positioned in the pathway of energy-emitted in the 430 to 470 nanometer wavelength range so as to make available shorter wavelength 190 to 350 nanometer radiant energy in the scattering region.
- the non-linear crystalline optical materials could be selected from a class which includes beta barium borate, lithium triborate, lithium tantalate or lithium niobate.
- the non-linear optical material may be selected from other optical crystal that can down convert wavelengths at various ranges.
- control circuitry can be coupled to the emitter or emitters in the detector as well as the sensor or sensors therein. If desired, the emitter or emitters could be operated in a pulsed mode as is known for use with photoelectric detectors.
- the control circuitry could be implemented as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or in the form of a programmed processor. A plurality of pre-stored instructions can be extracted from a read-only memory, executed by the processor for the purpose of implementing detector functionality.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- the detector can be operated off of a self-contained battery and/or an AC/DC power supply energized with utility supplied power.
- Fig. 1 is a side sectional view, enlarged, of a sensing chamber in accordance with the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram of control circuitry usable with the chamber of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a top, plan, schematic view of an alternate form of a sensing chamber in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary signal processing in accordance with the present invention
- Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating performance characteristics of the chamber of Fig.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a side sectional view of a photoelectric sensing chamber 10.
- the chamber 10 includes a substantially closed housing 12 with spaced apart vanes or labyrinths for ingress and egress of airborne particulate matter while at the same time excluding exterior ambient light.
- the housing 12 carries an emitter 14 which could be implemented as a blue light emitting diode or laser diode. Such emitters are commercially available in the market place and would be known to those of skill in the art.
- the emitter 14 emits radiant energy with a wavelength on the order of 430 to
- Radiant energy 14' from emitter 14 could be directed into scattering region 16 without further processing.
- radiant energy scattered by airborne combustible particulate matter in the region 16 could be sensed at photodiode or phototransistor 20.
- photodiode or phototransistor 20 As those of skill in the art will understand, a variety of commercially available photosensors could be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention provided they responded to the frequency of scattered radiant energy from the region 16.
- a non-linear crystalline optical material 22 can be positioned in the path of the radiant energy 14'.
- the optical material 22 is selected from a class which could include beta barium borate, lithium triborate, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate or any other equivalent non-linear crystalline material.
- the material 22 produces a shorter wavelength beam 14" having a wavelength on the order of 60 percent or less of the wavelength of the beam 14'.
- the non-linear optical material 22 can reduce the wavelength in the beam 14" to a range of 190 to 350 nanometers.
- the shorter wavelengths in the beam 14" can be expected to effectively scatter off of smaller airborne combustible particles of a type associated with fast flaming fires.
- Fig. 5 is a graph illustrative of response of the detector 10 with a blue emitter 14 to increasing smoke obscuration plotted versus time.
- the sharply rising upper plot 100 is a measurement off of the sensor 20 versus a plot 102 taken off of a commercially available laboratory grade optical sensor. As illustrated in Fig. 5, the plot 100 has a sharper slope when compared to the plot 102 indicative of a more rapid response by the chamber 10.
- the plot 10 is not reflective of any performance improvement achievable with the use of the non-linear optical material 22.
- Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of control circuitry 40 usable with the chamber 10.
- Circuitry 40 includes a programmed processor 42 which is coupled via a pulsed current drive circuit 44 and power supply 46 to the emitter or emitters 14.
- Processor 42 receives feedback from sensor 20 via isolation/buffer amplifier circuitry 50. Output from the circuitry 50 is digitized in analog to digital converter 52.
- Processor 42 in turn is coupled to audible output device 54 which can be used to provide an audible alarm indicative of a sensed smoke condition.
- control programs can be executed by the processor 42 to carry out signal processing associated with scattered radiant energy received at sensor 20.
- Fig. 4 is a block diagram which illustrates exemplary processing steps for carrying out a smoke sensing function.
- the processor 42 is activated from its "sleep" condition.
- the processor's input/output ports are initialized.
- the processor measures a noise level, indicative of stray light in chamber 12, when source 14 is inactive. This base line noise signal can be stored for a later use when evaluating chamber outputs from sensor 20 in response to emitter 14 having been energized.
- a step 106 the emitter or emitters 14 are energized with a current pulse which produces radiant energy 14' directed toward the scattering region 16.
- the energy 14' can be passed through non-linear optical material 22 to reduce the wavelength thereof prior to scattering.
- Scattered short wave length radiant energy is then sensed by detector 20 and processed in processor 42 in step 108.
- An alarm decision can be made in a step 110 based on the output or outputs from the sensor 20.
- the audible output device 54 can be energized in step 114. Otherwise, the processor returns to its low power, inactive, "sleep" state in step 116.
- control circuitry 40 could be implemented in a hardwired embodiment using an application specific integrated circuit without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
- Other implementations such as programmable logic arrays and the like are also within the scope and spirit of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a dual emitter chamber 10'.
- the chamber 10' includes a housing 12' which could be comparable to the housing 12 of Fig. 1.
- the chamber 10' includes a first emitter 60 which could emit radiant energy in the ultraviolet wavelengths discussed above. Those wavelengths can be shortened by directing the emitted radiant energy through a non-linear optical crystalline material 62 of a type discussed previously.
- the short wavelength radiant energy 60" is in turn projected into scattering region 66. Scattered short wavelength energy is in turn sensed at detector 68.
- chamber 10' includes a second, infrared, emitter 70 which emits radiant energy in the 880 nanometer wavelength range.
- An associated sensor 72 senses scattered infrared radiant energy from scattering region 16.
- emitter 70 and sensor 72 could in turn be coupled to processor 42 as discussed previously whereupon processor 42 could carry out processing based on received scattered radiant energy at two different wavelengths.
- the longer wavelength related signals from emitter 70 could be expected to respond to particulate matter associated with smoldering fires.
- the scattered radiant energy emitted from source 60 having a shorter wavelength can be expected to respond to particulate matter associated with fast flaming-type fires.
- power supply 46 could be implemented as a replaceable or rechargeable battery alone or in combination with a AC/DC power supply which would be coupled to utility lines as a source of electrical energy.
- a single emitter or sensor could be used instead of separate emitters and sensors if desired without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00914824A EP1194908A4 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-03-03 | Ultra-short wavelength photoelectric smoke detector |
CA002367049A CA2367049A1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-03-03 | Ultra-short wavelength photoelectric smoke detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12298199P | 1999-03-05 | 1999-03-05 | |
US60/122,981 | 1999-03-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001095279A1 true WO2001095279A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
Family
ID=22406036
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/005734 WO2001095279A1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-03-03 | Ultra-short wavelength photoelectric smoke detector |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1194908A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001095279A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100394456C (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2008-06-11 | 诺瓦尔有限公司 | Fire disaster identifying method and fire alarm therefor |
DE102014014797A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-09-17 | Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh | Scatter fire alarm |
WO2016028996A1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-02-25 | Research Triangle Institute | Devices, systems and methods for detecting particles |
US9915600B2 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2018-03-13 | Research Triangle Institute | Devices, systems and methods for detecting particles |
KR20190072439A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 아나로그 디바이시즈 인코포레이티드 | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
US11047787B2 (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2021-06-29 | Research Triangle Institute | And method for optical bench for detecting particles |
EP4036884A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2022-08-03 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
US11788942B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2023-10-17 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
US11796445B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2023-10-24 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Optical improvements to compact smoke detectors, systems and apparatus |
US11815545B2 (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2023-11-14 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Stable measurement of sensors, methods and systems |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11127284B1 (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2021-09-21 | Honeywell International Inc. | Self-calibrating fire sensing device |
Citations (11)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US3982130A (en) * | 1975-10-10 | 1976-09-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Ultraviolet wavelength smoke detector |
US4596465A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1986-06-24 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Scattered light type smoke detector |
US4616928A (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-10-14 | Kidde, Inc. | Photoelectric smoke detector with adjustable background signal |
US5280272A (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1994-01-18 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fire alarm system which distinguishes between different types of smoke |
US5381130A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1995-01-10 | Cerberus Ag | Optical smoke detector with active self-monitoring |
US5451931A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1995-09-19 | Cerberus Ag | Optical smoke detector |
US5576697A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1996-11-19 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fire alarm system |
US5642099A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1997-06-24 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Light scattering type smoke detector |
US5721529A (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1998-02-24 | Detection Systems, Inc. | Individual smoke detector with stored range of acceptable sensitivity |
US5767776A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1998-06-16 | Engelhard Sensor Technologies, Inc. | Fire detector |
US5781291A (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-07-14 | Pittway Corporation | Smoke detectors utilizing a hydrophilic substance |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5741595A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1998-04-21 | Sony Corporation | Ultraviolet optical part having coat of ultraviolet optical thin film, and wavelength-changing device and ultraviolet light source unit having coat of ultraviolet optical thin film |
-
2000
- 2000-03-03 WO PCT/US2000/005734 patent/WO2001095279A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-03-03 EP EP00914824A patent/EP1194908A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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US3982130A (en) * | 1975-10-10 | 1976-09-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Ultraviolet wavelength smoke detector |
US4596465A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1986-06-24 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Scattered light type smoke detector |
US4616928A (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-10-14 | Kidde, Inc. | Photoelectric smoke detector with adjustable background signal |
US5381130A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1995-01-10 | Cerberus Ag | Optical smoke detector with active self-monitoring |
US5280272A (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1994-01-18 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fire alarm system which distinguishes between different types of smoke |
US5642099A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1997-06-24 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Light scattering type smoke detector |
US5451931A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1995-09-19 | Cerberus Ag | Optical smoke detector |
US5576697A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1996-11-19 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fire alarm system |
US5721529A (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1998-02-24 | Detection Systems, Inc. | Individual smoke detector with stored range of acceptable sensitivity |
US5767776A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1998-06-16 | Engelhard Sensor Technologies, Inc. | Fire detector |
US5781291A (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-07-14 | Pittway Corporation | Smoke detectors utilizing a hydrophilic substance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1194908A4 * |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100394456C (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2008-06-11 | 诺瓦尔有限公司 | Fire disaster identifying method and fire alarm therefor |
US10481070B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2019-11-19 | Research Triangle Institute | Systems, devices, and methods for flow control and sample monitoring control |
WO2016028996A1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-02-25 | Research Triangle Institute | Devices, systems and methods for detecting particles |
US10018551B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2018-07-10 | Research Triangle Institute | Devices, systems and methods for detecting particles |
US10345216B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2019-07-09 | Research Triangle Institute | Systems, devices, and methods for flow control and sample monitoring control |
DE102014014797A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-09-17 | Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh | Scatter fire alarm |
US9915600B2 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2018-03-13 | Research Triangle Institute | Devices, systems and methods for detecting particles |
US11788942B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2023-10-17 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
KR20210087909A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2021-07-13 | 아나로그 디바이시즈 인코포레이티드 | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
EP4036884A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2022-08-03 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
EP4033465A3 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2022-11-30 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
KR20190072439A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 아나로그 디바이시즈 인코포레이티드 | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
KR102638997B1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-02-20 | 아나로그 디바이시즈 인코포레이티드 | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
KR102638998B1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-02-20 | 아나로그 디바이시즈 인코포레이티드 | Compact optical smoke detector system and apparatus |
US11815545B2 (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2023-11-14 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Stable measurement of sensors, methods and systems |
US11047787B2 (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2021-06-29 | Research Triangle Institute | And method for optical bench for detecting particles |
US11796445B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2023-10-24 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Optical improvements to compact smoke detectors, systems and apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1194908A1 (en) | 2002-04-10 |
EP1194908A4 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
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