WO2001088061A1 - Précurseur pour la préparation d'un matériau optique, procédé et composants optiques obtenus par celui-ci et leurs applications - Google Patents
Précurseur pour la préparation d'un matériau optique, procédé et composants optiques obtenus par celui-ci et leurs applications Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001088061A1 WO2001088061A1 PCT/FR2001/001518 FR0101518W WO0188061A1 WO 2001088061 A1 WO2001088061 A1 WO 2001088061A1 FR 0101518 W FR0101518 W FR 0101518W WO 0188061 A1 WO0188061 A1 WO 0188061A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a precursor for the preparation of a material with optical properties which can be modified under the action of at least one external parameter.
- It also relates to a process for manufacturing a component with optical properties which can be modified under the action of at least one external control parameter.
- optical, electronic display which use optical components having very diverse functionalities such as for example and without limitation:
- Liquid crystals are commonly used for the creation of display screens: In the old days, non-polymeric materials were used.
- refractive index the average refractive index which takes into account the ordinary and extraordinary indices of the medium as well as the orientation of the optical axis relative to the direction of propagation of the light.
- this material can be used in the fields mentioned above by providing additional functionalities which enhance current applications and allow others to be considered.
- a component optical - whatever the nature of which it operates: by transmission, reflection, absorption or diffusion of light - is desirable or necessary.
- the material is passive and its preparation process constitutes an original way of producing passive materials with modulation or index gradient.
- the modulation of the refractive index is low, it approaches an active optical component capable of uniformly modifying the transmitted or reflected light.
- optical component means a component operating in the wavelength range of visible light but also beyond this range and in particular in the ultraviolet, 1 infrared.
- the invention offers both spatial modulation of the refractive index and control for modifying the optical properties of the component.
- the present invention relates to a precursor for the preparation of a material with optical properties which can be modified under the action of at least one external parameter.
- This precursor which includes:
- a component A consisting of polymerizable monomers or oligomers
- a component B comprising one or more liquid crystals with low molecular weights or polymers and having a nematic, cholesteric or smectic molecular order type or having a polymorphism
- at least one surfactant C whose molecules have an affinity for both component A and for component B and simultaneously comprising one or more chemical groups which can chemically cling to the constituents of the component A, and on the other hand, one or several chemical groups comprising a mesogenic part compatible with the mesomorphic phase of component B, in order to control the interfacial properties between said components A, B during polymerization, for the preparation of a material having a spatial modulation of its optical properties.
- This precursor may be presented in the embodiments introduced below: - the surfactant is polymerizable.
- the surfactant includes component A.
- - Component B comprises at least one liquid crystal with dielectric anisotropy changing sign under the action of the external parameter or parameters.
- - Component B comprises at least one liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy.
- Component B comprises at least one liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy.
- It comprises a photo-initiator compound for photochemical action polymerization.
- Component B comprises one or more additives chosen from dyes, photochromic compounds and chiral dopants, mesomorphic or not.
- the surfactant represents 1 to 5% of all the components A and B, in weight proportions.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a component with optical properties which can be modified under the action of at least one external control parameter, characterized in that - the precursor according to the invention is used,
- This process may have the following variants:
- the spatial modulation means are chosen from means for applying an electric field, heating means, a variable concentration of one of the chemical species or means for applying a light intensity.
- a mold or a substrate is used for the deposition of the precursor, - electrically conductive electrodes of the desired shape are positioned in the mold or on the substrate to constitute one of the means of spatial modulation of the refractive index by means application of an electric field, - the precursor is deposited in the mold or on the substrate.
- the electrodes are made of transparent materials such as tin indium oxides deposited on transparent materials such as glass or a plastic or even conductive polymers to carry out photo-induced polymerization.
- Electrodes are used as an external control parameter.
- the invention also relates to an active optical component of the lens and diffraction grating type obtainable.
- the method characterized in that it comprises an active film produced from the precursor and two transparent cover electrodes, each covering one face of the active film or deposited on a substrate and the internal face of which is in contact with the active film electrically conductive for applying an electric field between the two internal faces, as well as an active component obtainable by the process characterized in that it comprises at least one active plate or film produced from the precursor and forming or s' incorporating into a building wall.
- This last component may be such that
- the active plate or film is chosen to be transparent without the action of the external control parameter.
- the active plate or film is chosen to be reflective in a wavelength band whose width is adjustable by means of spatial modulation.
- the invention finally relates to the application of a component with modifiable optical properties under the action of at least one external control parameter capable of being obtained by the process for the formation of an infrared modulator.
- FIG. 3 to 5 show the variations in the transmission rate of an optical component as a function of the applied control voltage, according to three examples.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the case of an active component reflecting light in a wide spectral band and obtained by spatial modulation in the thickness of the component.
- Figures 7 and 8 show the variations in reflectivity of a component as a function of the wavelength, according to two other examples.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 illustrate the results obtained for two cases of application of the invention to an active optical component of the infrared modulator type.
- an external parameter is understood to mean the use of an external energy source and in particular: an electric field (applied potential difference), a light flux of natural or artificial origin .
- the expression active optical component corresponds to a component whose optical properties can be modified under the action of an external parameter.
- the material precursor uses mixtures comprising: - A component A consisting of monomers or oligomers, chiral or not, which by polymerization in the presence of other compounds will provide a homogeneous or heterogeneous plastic material such as a gel or a microcomposite. Many compounds and in particular those capable of leading to photo-induced polymerization reactions are suitable. One finds for example in the work of J.
- Fouassier Photoinitiation, photopolymerization and photocuring (Hanser, Kunststoff, 1995, page 145) a description of some typical reactions in cases such as those of mono and multifunctional acrylates, unsaturated polyester resins , or thiol-ene resins.
- Various commercially available mixtures using such monomers and oligomers are sold by companies such as Norland® or Protex®.
- a component B composed of liquid crystals or mixtures of liquid crystals of low molecular weights or polymers and having a type of molecular order usually presented by these compounds, ie nematic, cholesteric or smectic or having a polymorphism.
- liquid crystals have either a negative or positive optical anisotropy or a dielectric anisotropy changing sign with a parameter such as the frequency of an applied electric field or the temperature. They can be doped with different additives such as dyes, photochromic compounds, chiral dopants, which may or may not be asymmetric.
- Nematic, cholesteric or smectic mixtures can be formulated from pure commercial components or purchased once formulated from specialized manufacturers such as Merck ® , Chisso ® , Dainippon Ink ® , Valiant Fine
- a component C consisting of a surfactant, leathery or not, most often polymerizable or a mixture of surfactants allowing, during the polymerization of the precursor, to control the interfacial properties between the liquid crystal and the polymer and d '' induce a temporary spatial non-uniformity of the material.
- temporary is meant a non-uniformity which can be modified or even eliminated by the action of an external parameter such as an electric field.
- the surfactant is chosen so that the molecules which compose it have a double affinity: on the one hand for the liquid crystal and on the other hand for the polymer. This affinity results, for example, in the formation before polymerization of a single phase by mixing with compounds A and B.
- molecules comprising simultaneously a group which can cling chemically to monomers of type A and other apart from a chemical group compatible with the type B mesomorphic phase, in particular this group may itself be mesogenic.
- Numerous compounds such as those from the company acker-Chemie GmbH® such as the photopolymers C3939 or CC4070 or also such as the products RM9 or CM14 or CM7 from Polymage or even in some cases the RM257 from Merck® are suitable for component C.
- LC 242/756 compounds from the Paliocolor® range from Bayer® may also be suitable.
- the compound of type A contains, in addition to the photoinitiator, monomers of the acrylate or methacrylate type, it is possible to use a component C consisting of comb polymers having reactive acrylate or methacrylate groups and also containing mesogens chosen for be compatible with component B.
- Light-curing liquid crystal silicones such as CC3939 or CC4039 or even CC4070 from Wacker-Chemie GmbH® which are mixtures of reactive monomers and comb polymers with a siloxane skeleton and a methacrylate function in the chain side meet these criteria well, because the side groups also include chiral mesogens derived from cholesterol and non-chirals, which are both compatible with the liquid crystal phase, and are in a ratio which determines the chirality of the mixtures. Most often the first two components A and B, i.e.
- the monomers and the liquid crystals form the majority of the material, and the surfactant C is only present for a small fraction (less than a few percent), however an important variant of the material includes the case where the A does not exist but where the molecules of C comprise polymerizable groups such as A.
- the relative proportions of A and B are arbitrary in the range 0 to 100%, however in practice two cases are particularly important:
- A in the majority: typical formulations being for example: A between 60 and 80%, B between 40 and 20%, and C being chosen as a small percentage of the set A + B (for example 3% ).
- a photoinitiator is systematically added to them in a low proportion which generally represents 1 to 3% of their weight.
- the photoinitiators used come from Ciba-Geigy ® and are sold under the brand
- Irgacure ® Most often 1 Irgacure ® 907 in proportion of 2% is preferred.
- Temporary spatial non-uniformity is induced before or during the polymerization by means such as an electric field, a spatial modulation of temperature, or of concentration of one of the chemical species, or of light intensity of the material and polymerization is used at a point or in a wider area to maintain this non-uniformity or the non-uniformity which results therefrom.
- the modulations considered relating to quantities such as the temperature, the concentration or concentrations of certain chemical species, or even the illumination may or may not have the form of gradients.
- a homogeneous material that is to say having a single phase, may be spatially non-uniform; the causes of non-uniformity can be diverse and in particular associated with a different orientation of the molecules which locally modulates the refractive index.
- a heterogeneous material comprising two or more phases can also be spatially non-uniform; in this case the spatial non-uniformity depends on the phases present: thus for example, in the case of a micro-composite having microinclusions, the parameters such as the density or the size of the micro-inclusions are spatially modulated, whereas for a gel, it is the parameters such as the density or the shape or the orientation of the polymer network which are spatially modulated.
- the spatial non uniformity can be of any shape: in a film for example, it is axial, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the film •, or radial such as that relating to a radial gradient from a point of the surface of the film or of any form, periodic or not. It allows to induce a spatial modulation of the index of refraction of the material.
- the examples cited below make it possible to specify this property.
- the spatial non-uniformity of the material is created by processes such as a spatially modulated electric field, a temperature gradient.
- the non-uniformity is also generated by polymerization as in the case of a photopolymerization in which UV radiation penetrates more or less deeply into the thickness of the sample or also when the different parts of the sample are not subjected to uniform UV radiation such as that which can be produced by a set of masks or masks or any other optical means.
- the polymerization can be carried out at a point - or in a limited area called local - or in a wider area. For example, locally modify the refractive index or the average refractive index if the medium is anisotropic by an electric field and polymerize the local area where the refractive index has the desired value.
- the inhomogeneity is more or less important.
- the borderline case is that of low inhomogeneity leading to a homogeneous material.
- the inhomogeneity of the optical properties can result from a spatial inhomogeneity of morphology of the composite.
- the method of the invention and the precursor also presented make it possible to obtain optical components capable of finding their application in numerous fields.
- Optical components are obtained by the shaping of said material, or of materials combining said material with other materials. This shaping is carried out on the precursor, by means such as a deposition on substrates or the filling of a mold, a reservoir or a cell on the walls of which have been deposited transparent electrodes of various shapes.
- the transparent electrodes of various shapes can also be deposited on the polymerized material used in the state or surface.
- the precursor in an elongated cavity of regular and planar shape to be polymerized there and to form a film, or it can be put in a cavity of any shape before polymerization.
- electrodes of the chosen shapes are deposited on the internal walls of the cavity.
- these electrodes are transparent and produced with materials such as indium tin oxides (ITO) which can be etched to have determined shapes, or by any other process making it possible to obtain transparent electrodes and conductive, such as those using conductive polymer solutions.
- ITO indium tin oxides
- a film it may be advantageous to apply an electric field to all or part of it by means of plastic supports which do not have good adhesion with the polymerized film. It is then possible to separate the supports from the active film after polymerization without altering it.
- other transparent electrodes CPP 105 T from Bayer® for example
- the electrodes for forming the film and those for controlling it can have either the same shape or a different shape. Before the electrodes are deposited, the material can be surface to give it the desired shape.
- the component is controlled using transparent electrodes such as ITOs deposited on transparent glass or plastic substrates placed on the active film, or solutions of conductive polymers directly deposited on the constituent (s) of the optical component.
- the control electrodes may be different from the electrodes which may have been used to create the spatial inhomogeneity, which most often make it possible to modify the temporary spatial non-uniformity of the material and therefore its optical properties.
- the transparent electrodes are made of conductive polymers, processes such as screen printing are used for deposition.
- Other conductive materials with good transparency such as glass or plastic substrates coated with ITO are commercially available from the companies IST, Balzers, South all. They can also be produced in the laboratory, in particular on glass by methods such as those described by T. Kanbara, N. Nagasaka, T. Yamamoto in Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 643 to 645.
- optical components formed by combining several electrically controllable materials the association of the latter can be done in different ways, in particular by superposition.
- the not necessarily planar stack is produced by superimposing either materials comprised between two substrates or materials without substrate on which transparent electrodes are deposited.
- the different stacked materials can be controlled independently with the voltages and frequencies of the independent control signals.
- the invention has the advantage of widening the field of application of active optical components.
- Composi tion A mixture comprising a thiol-ene resin type NOA65 (Norland ®) and a nematic liquid crystal with positive anisotropy YM6 kind (Valiant Fine Chemicals ®) whose ordinary index is very close to the index of the resin Thiolene and a polymerizable surfactant of type RM9 (Polyming) is placed between two thick plastic films of 50 micrometers (microns) and covered with ITO (IST). The ITO faces are in contact with the mixture and the spacing between the two plastic films is 30 microns.
- the mixture also contains a photoinitiator (Irgacure ® 907 from Ciba-Geigy ®) whose proportion by weight of RM9 is 2%.
- a photoinitiator Irgacure ® 907 from Ciba-Geigy ®
- the respective proportions of resin / liquid crystal / additive are 70/30 // 3 respectively.
- a mask alternately consisting of black and transparent parts is placed on the upper blade.
- the mask designs represent a series of concentric circles forming a Soret network. These are diffraction gratings with symmetry of revolution having a radial periodicity according to the square of the radius.
- a large field (2V / micron) is applied to the film and polymerization is carried out under field with the irradiation parameters: 0.6 mW / cm2 for 10 minutes. Only the parts not hidden by the black areas of the mask are irradiated.
- the field orients the molecules perpendicular to the plastic films and, thanks to the surfactant, this orientation is maintained after removal of the field. Without a surfactant, this orientation is not preserved.
- the component is then irradiated without an electric field and after removing the mask.
- the previously irradiated areas remain identical, that is to say transparent, while the other areas become opaque white.
- the optical element obtained, illuminated in monochromatic light and without any applied field functions like a Soret grating.
- the application of the electric field suppresses this function.
- An IV / micron field applied between the two ITO films makes the component completely transparent.
- the same principle is applicable to any type of component using diffractive microgrid optics or Fresnel lens.
- the YM6 can be replaced by mixtures positive dielectric anisotropy such as E7 or E90 blends Merck ®.
- NOA65 can be substituted resins such as ® Norland NOA68 or NOA81 or other types of resin such as acrylates such as HM20 (Aldrich ®) or a mixture of these resins.
- HM20 Aldrich ®
- RM9 can be replaced with components such as CC3939 or CC4070 from Wacker-Chemie GmbH ® .
- Composition A mixture comprising on the one hand a thiol-ene resin of NOA65 type (Norland ® ) and an HM20 resin (Aldrich ® ) in the respective proportions by weight of 80/20 and a liquid crystal of type KDK07 (Polyming) of which the cut-off frequency, ie the frequency for which the dielectric anisotropy changes sign, is 1 kHz and a polymerizable surfactant of type RM9 (Polyming) to which is added a photoinitiator which represents two percent by weight of the compound RM9, is placed between two plastic films (3) (20x30 cm) of 125 microns thick, having a resistivity of 70 ohms per square, covered with ITO and coming from the company IST.
- a thiol-ene resin of NOA65 type Norland ®
- HM20 resin Aldrich ®
- the ITO faces are in contact with the mixture and the spacing between the two plastic films is 50 microns.
- the respective proportions of resin / liquid crystal / additive are 70/30 // 3 respectively.
- the mixture also contains a photoinitiator (Irgacure ® 907 from Ciba-Geigy ®) whose proportion by weight of RM9 is 2%.
- the plastic films were previously assembled by pressing after depositing a peripheral adhesive joint deposited by screen printing, the resulting cell has two openings for filling by capillary action, the thickness of the spacing between the two plates is calibrated by adding in the adhesive of calibrated diameter beads and calibrated spacers between the plastic films. These can be obtained from Dyno ® AS particles, Lillestrome, Norway or Duke Scientific Corporation ® - Palo Alto, USA.
- a mask comprising successive lines of unequal width - in our example respectively 1mm and 20 mm - and alternately transparent lines (1mm) and black lines (20mm) is produced, it is called a positive mask.
- a negative mask is also produced with black lines of 1mm and transparent lines of 20mm.
- the so-called negative mask is placed on the upper plastic film and polymerization is carried out under a field whose value is relatively high (2V / ⁇ m) and of low frequency (500 Hz).
- Low frequency means a frequency significantly lower than the cutoff frequency of the liquid crystal.
- the polymerization carried out under the broad lines results in transparent zones and the orientation of the molecules perpendicular to the plane of the film is maintained after suppression of the electric field thanks to the surfactant RM9.
- FIG. 1 The resulting sandwich composed of the two plastic films covered with ITO inside which the active film (2) was formed is integrated into a glazed element constituting a window. It is placed inside double glazing on the outside.
- the patterns in the form of wide lines (10) occupy all or part of the window and can be replaced by patterns. of any shape. By way of example is shown an assembly of rectangular patterns (11).
- Control A control device (7) connected to sensors (6) makes it possible to automatically control the optical properties of the broad lines of the active film and therefore the light flow which passes through the window.
- the application of a high frequency field (20 KHz) leaves the narrow lines transparent but induces an opacification of the wide lines (10), all the more opaque as the field is high as indicated in FIG. 3 which represents the transmission of the glazing in depending on the applied voltage.
- liquid crystal KDK07 can be replaced by liquid crystals such as 2F-3333 and 2F-3361 from ROLIC ® .
- composition The mixture of a photocrosslinkable monomer (PN393 from Mercks ® ), a liquid crystal (KDK07) with dielectric anisotropy changing signs with frequency, and a polymerizable surfactant (RM9) two glass plates coated with ITO on one side.
- the ITO faces are in contact with the mixture and the spacing between the two glass plates is 8.5 microns.
- the relative concentrations are 30/70 // 3.
- the mixture also contains a photoinitiator (Irgacure ® 907 from Ciba- Geigy ® ) whose proportion by weight of RM9 is 2%.
- the glass plates are previously assembled by pressing after depositing a peripheral adhesive joint deposited by screen printing, the resulting cell has two openings for filling by capillary action, the thickness of the spacing between the two plates is calibrated by adding in the glue of calibrated diameter beads.
- Example II-A Induction of non-uniformity: Using the positive mask of Example II-A, the narrow lines (1mm) are irradiated with a power of 0.6 mW / cm2 for 10 minutes and in the presence of a high frequency electric field ( 100V on the sample, frequency 20KHz) applied to the active film via the two layers of ITO. The film is then crosslinked with the negative mask of Example II-A and the application of a low frequency field - (100 V on the sample, frequency 500 Hz). The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the wide areas is perpendicular to the surface and the area in question appears transparent. The film remains transparent after removal of the field thanks to the surfactant.
- a high frequency electric field 100V on the sample, frequency 20KHz
- composition The mixture of a chiral liquid crystal (KDK07) with dielectric anisotropy changing sign with frequency containing a chiral dopant NXO (Polymage) and a polymerizable surfactant (RM9) is placed between two coated glass plates of ITO on one side.
- the ITO faces are in contact with the mixture and the spacing between the two glass plates is 15 microns.
- the relative concentrations KDK07 / NXO are 91/9 and the RM9 represents 7% of the whole.
- the mixture also contains a photoinitiator (Irgacure ® 907) whose proportion by weight of RM9 is 2%.
- the glass plates were previously assembled by pressing after deposition by screen printing of a peripheral adhesive joint.
- the resulting cell has two openings for filling by capillary action, the thickness of the spacing between the two plates is calibrated by adding beads of calibrated diameter to the glue.
- Induction of non-uniformity Using the positive mask of Example II-A, the narrow lines (1mm) are irradiated with a power of 0.6 mW / cm2 for 20 minutes and in the presence of a low frequency electric field (3 V per micron, 1 KHz) applied to the active film through the two layers of ITO. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in this area is perpendicular to the surface and the area in question appears transparent. The film is then crosslinked with the negative mask of Example II-A and the application of a high frequency electric field (3 V per micron, 20KHz). The active film is transparent after removing the field.
- the NXO can be replaced by the S811 from Merck ® .
- the RM9 can be replaced by components such as the
- KDK07 can be replaced by mixtures 2F-3333 and 2F-
- TTT - Optical component ac ⁇ dd operating in the wide spectral range obtained by a spatial modulation in the thickness of a component and an association of a component. active with other active components to extend its range. of use.
- Active optical component reflecting light in a wide spectral band and obtained by spatial modulation in the thickness of the component, intended to be integrated into a glazing.
- a liquid crystal mixture consisting of a nematic with strong positive dielectric anisotropy (BN5 Polymage) and a right chiral liquid crystal (NXL, Polymage) in such a way that the selective reflection obtained for the mixture either in ultraviolet (UV), visible or infrared, is used.
- UV ultraviolet
- NXL right chiral liquid crystal
- a mixture containing respectively 64 parts of BN5 and 36 parts of NXL leads to a selective reflection of 400 nm.
- a chiral surfactant (RM9) in small proportion (less than 20%) which can polymerize under UV and whose pitch has an inverse chirality (left) of the liquid crystal mixture makes it possible to strongly modify the selective reflection since the directions of rotation of the two mixed chiral compounds are opposite.
- the selective reflection goes from 400 nm without RM9 to 440 nm for 3% of surfactant, 490 nm for 6%, 540 nm for 10%.
- the 10% mixture is placed between two glass plates coated with ITO on one of the faces so that the ITO faces are in contact with the liquid crystal.
- the mixture is UV irradiated from above so that there is a decrease in UV power when one goes to an increasingly greater depth inside the resulting film.
- the upper part of the optical film formed therefore selectively reflects the light corresponding to the longest wavelengths and the lower part selectively reflects the light corresponding to the shortest wavelengths.
- a polymer gel was therefore produced, the density of which varies in the thickness of the sample. This spatial inhomogeneity of density of the polymer gel results in a reflection of light in a wide spectral band and in a tint metallic gray of the sample. It should be noted that the asymmetry of the gel leads to the fact that the reflection band is not identical depending on whether the sample is observed from above (UV penetration face) or from below.
- the thickness of the sample and the operating conditions were chosen such that the sample is active, ie a reversible modification of the orientation of the liquid crystal exists in all the parts of the gel under the effect of an applied field whose maximum amplitude is 220 V.
- Shaping The resulting active optical component is, as in Example II-A, integrated in a double glazing used as a glass component intended control solar flux control.:
- Figure 7 compares the spectral bands obtained before and after irradiation.
- the initial bandwidth of 70 nm has increased to 200 nm.
- the same type of result is obtained by replacing the component RM9 with a compound such as RM257 from Merck ® ; the broadening of the spectral band still exists but is lower.
- the same type of enlargement is obtained with a small percentage of Tinuvin ® (1%) added to the precursor.
- Figure 8 shows the effect of applying a voltage of 95 V on an optical component, 15 microns thick and crosslinked with a power of 0.09 mW / cm2. Before applying the voltage, the sample has a 200 nm wide reflection band centered around 550 nm. The applied voltage removes this band of reflection.
- FIG. 6 shows the variations in the reflection wavelength associated with the pitch of the chiral liquid crystal structure as a function of the concentration of functional monomer RM9.
- concentration of chiral monomer must not be too large ( ⁇ 10%) so that the gel formed in the upper part of the film is not too dense in order to allow an electric field response which is not too slowly.
- the electrically controllable wide-reflection optical component integrated in a glazing unit can also be used in other optical applications requiring wide-band reflection.
- Other commercially available nematic mixtures such as YM6 from Valiant Fine Chemicals, E7, E90 and chiral compounds such as CEI to CE11 or CB15 or even C15 sold by the company Merck ® can be used in this type of application.
- RM9 can be replaced with components such as CC3939 or CC4070 from Wacker-Chemie GmbH ® .
- Active optical component operating in a wide spectral range, obtained by spatial modulation in the thickness of the component and association of said active component with other active components to extend its range of use.
- An active film comprised between two plastic substrates covered with ITO, similar to that of Example II-A is produced.
- the ITO-coated plastic substrate is removed from the upper face of the active film.
- a transparent coating is then deposited conductor consisting of a solution of conductive polymer CPP 105 T from Bayer® and a layer of the constituent material of Example III -A.
- a plastic film covered with ITO is placed and constitutes the second transparent electrode of the material similar to that produced in III-A.
- the polymerization process used is identical to that presented in Example III-A.
- a two-layer active component is thus obtained in which each active layer, which can be controlled independently, provides its properties described previously.
- a nematic (YM6) is used, the dielectric anisotropy of which is positive and the chiral compound consists of a mixture of AOL and CML (Polyming) and of an RM9 chiral additive as before.
- the mixture is placed between two glass plates 1.1 mm thick covered with ITO on which a brushed polyimide film has been previously deposited. They can advantageously be replaced by a material such as polypropylene having better transmission in the near IR and which is covered by a transparent electrode. The irradiation takes place at 0.06mW / cm 2 for 15 minutes.
- RM9 can be replaced with components such as CC3939 or CC4070 from Wacker-Chemie GmbH ® .
- the AOL and- CML can be substituted with compounds such as ZLI 3786 home Mercks ®.
- a YM6 nematic is used, the dielectric anisotropy of which is positive, the chiral compound NXL and a chiral additive RM9 as in Example IV-A.
- the mixture is placed between two glass plates 1.1 mm thick covered with ITO on which a brushed polyimide film has been previously deposited. The irradiation takes place at 0.06mW / cm 2 for 15 minutes.
- the wavelength of reflection observed is in the near infrared (0.7 microns).
- the spatial modulation previously carried out (example IV-A) in a direction perpendicular to the glass plates of the component can be supplemented by a modulation parallel to these.
- One of the means consists in making a mask having for pattern a series of alternately black and transparent lines or any other pattern having a spatial modification of the gray levels, and in placing it between the film and the UV irradiation.
- FIG. 11 shows the spectral widening obtained: the initial band has tripled in width. While initially it was in the visible range and at the upper limit of it, it now encroaches on the near infrared.
- the width of the spectral band which it is possible to modulate is approximately 250 nm. Even greater bandwidths (up to 400nm and above) can be obtained by modifying the birefringence of the mixtures and the reflection wavelength before enlargement. A large birefringence and a high initial reflection wavelength lead to significant natural broadening. This natural enlargement is increased by spatial modulation to obtain an additional induced enlargement. Modulations in the plane of the component and perpendicular to it can obviously be combined for this purpose.
- Opaque stripes 11. Opaque patterns
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001262447A AU2001262447A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-05-17 | Precursor for preparing an optical material, method and optical components obtained with same and uses thereof |
CA002409028A CA2409028A1 (fr) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-05-17 | Precurseur pour la preparation d'un materiau optique, procede et composants optiques obtenus par celui-ci et leurs applications |
EP01936566A EP1287091A1 (fr) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-05-17 | Precurseur pour la preparation d'un materiau optique, procede et composants optiques obtenus par celui-ci et leurs applications |
US10/276,883 US7270769B2 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-05-17 | Precursor for preparing an optical material, method and optical components obtained with same and uses thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0006594A FR2809189B1 (fr) | 2000-05-19 | 2000-05-19 | Precurseur pour la preparation d'un materiau optique, procede et composants optiques obtenus par celui-ci et leurs applications |
FR00/06594 | 2000-05-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001088061A1 true WO2001088061A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 |
WO2001088061A9 WO2001088061A9 (fr) | 2002-04-18 |
Family
ID=8850534
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2001/001518 WO2001088061A1 (fr) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-05-17 | Précurseur pour la préparation d'un matériau optique, procédé et composants optiques obtenus par celui-ci et leurs applications |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7270769B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1287091A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001262447A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2409028A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2809189B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001088061A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6950173B1 (en) | 2003-04-08 | 2005-09-27 | Science Applications International Corporation | Optimizing performance parameters for switchable polymer dispersed liquid crystal optical elements |
US20130045362A1 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2013-02-21 | Far Eastern New Century Corporation | Method for making a conductive laminate |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4938568A (en) * | 1988-01-05 | 1990-07-03 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film devices, and method of forming the same |
EP0703287A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-27 | Asulab S.A. | Composition cristal liquide et cellules la contenant |
WO1998004650A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-02-05 | Science Applications International Corporation | Matieres d'hologrammes volumiques commutables et dispositifs |
JPH11153787A (ja) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-06-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 高分子分散型液晶素子及びその製造方法 |
US6017468A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 2000-01-25 | Fujitsu Limited | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials polymer dispersed liquid crystal display devices and method of manufacturing the same |
WO2000060407A1 (fr) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-12 | Reveo, Inc. | Structures de vitrage electro-optique presentant des modes de fonctionnement par diffusion et par transparence |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19502413B4 (de) * | 1995-01-26 | 2009-06-10 | Sicpa Holding S.A. | Pigment mit vom Betrachtungswinkel abhängiger Farbigkeit, dessen Herstellung sowie Verwendung in einem Lack, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 FR FR0006594A patent/FR2809189B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-05-17 US US10/276,883 patent/US7270769B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-17 CA CA002409028A patent/CA2409028A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-17 EP EP01936566A patent/EP1287091A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-17 AU AU2001262447A patent/AU2001262447A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-17 WO PCT/FR2001/001518 patent/WO2001088061A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4938568A (en) * | 1988-01-05 | 1990-07-03 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film devices, and method of forming the same |
EP0703287A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-27 | Asulab S.A. | Composition cristal liquide et cellules la contenant |
US6017468A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 2000-01-25 | Fujitsu Limited | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials polymer dispersed liquid crystal display devices and method of manufacturing the same |
WO1998004650A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-02-05 | Science Applications International Corporation | Matieres d'hologrammes volumiques commutables et dispositifs |
JPH11153787A (ja) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-06-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 高分子分散型液晶素子及びその製造方法 |
US6083575A (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 2000-07-04 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element and manufacturing method thereof |
WO2000060407A1 (fr) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-12 | Reveo, Inc. | Structures de vitrage electro-optique presentant des modes de fonctionnement par diffusion et par transparence |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040042100A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
FR2809189B1 (fr) | 2003-11-28 |
US7270769B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 |
AU2001262447A1 (en) | 2001-11-26 |
EP1287091A1 (fr) | 2003-03-05 |
WO2001088061A9 (fr) | 2002-04-18 |
CA2409028A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 |
FR2809189A1 (fr) | 2001-11-23 |
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